CN108711467B - 一种改性复合绝缘电线及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种改性复合绝缘电线及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108711467B
CN108711467B CN201810397612.7A CN201810397612A CN108711467B CN 108711467 B CN108711467 B CN 108711467B CN 201810397612 A CN201810397612 A CN 201810397612A CN 108711467 B CN108711467 B CN 108711467B
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范雷方
吴振江
沈刚
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Hubei Angui cable industry Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种改性复合绝缘电线及其制造方法。根据本发明实施例的改性复合绝缘电线由金属导体、第一绝缘层、第二改性绝缘层和第三绝缘层组成。与现有技术相比，根据本发明实施例的制造方法，采用聚酰胺酰亚胺绝缘层作为第一绝缘层；采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸、聚丙二醇、四溴双酚A双2‑羟乙基醚、二月桂酸二丁基锡、偶氮二异丁腈、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二羟甲基丙酸、三乙胺、纳米氮化铝制备第二绝缘层；采用聚氨酯与聚酰亚胺复合的复合绝缘层作为第三绝缘层。由此，根据本发明实施例的改性复合绝缘电线的制造方法，可以显著提高电线的耐电压、耐电晕、耐高温、耐老化、耐冲击性能和力学性能，实现具有优异综合性能的绝缘电线，使电线应用更安全。

Description

一种改性复合绝缘电线及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电线及其制备方法，尤其涉及一种改性复合绝缘电线及其制备方法。
背景技术
电工装备广泛应用于各工业领域，随着科技的发展，电力、轨道交通、新能源、微电子、航空航天、国防军工等领域对于电工装备的要求不断提高。在实际应用中，电工装备不可避免地受到温度、电、机械的应力和振动，有害气体、化学物质、潮气、灰尘和辐照等各种环境因素影响，其能否持久的安全服役运行，很大程度上取决于电工设备中带有绝缘材料的元件，而电线的绝缘失效是导致电工设备故障最主要的原因。如何提高电线绝缘的电气性能、机械性能和耐环境性能，对于提高电工设备技术发展，保障电工设备在复杂环境中安全服役，具有重要意义。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术存在的不足，本发明旨在提供一种聚酰亚胺凝胶、增强聚酰亚胺双绝缘电线及其制备方法。
根据本发明的一方面，一种改性复合绝缘电线，由金属导体、第一绝缘层、第二改性绝缘层和第三绝缘层组成；所述第一绝缘层为聚酰胺酰亚胺绝缘层；所述第二绝缘层由按重量份的以下组分制成：异佛尔酮二异氰酸100重量份、聚丙二醇50-80重量份、四溴双酚A双(2-羟乙基)醚50-100重量份、二月桂酸二丁基锡2-8重量份、偶氮二异丁腈1-5重量份、甲苯二异氰酸酯1-5重量份、二羟甲基丙酸15-35重量份、三乙胺2-5重量份、纳米氮化铝0.05-3重量份；所述第三绝缘层为聚酰亚胺复合绝缘层，所述聚酰亚胺复合绝缘层由内向外依次包括内聚氨酯层、聚酰亚胺层以及外聚氨酯层。
根据本发明的另一方面，一种改性复合绝缘电线的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
在金属导体外侧包覆第一绝缘层；
将异佛尔酮二异氰酸100重量份、聚丙二醇50-80重量份、四溴双酚A双2-羟乙基醚50-100重量份、二月桂酸二丁基锡2-8重量份、偶氮二异丁腈1-5重量份、甲苯二异氰酸酯1-5重量份、二羟甲基丙酸15-35重量份、三乙胺2-5重量份、纳米氮化铝0.05-3重量份，置于反应釜中，第一反应温度为265℃-280℃、反应时间为20min-35min，第二反应温度为285℃-315℃，在第一反应与第二反应同时进行超声分散，制备改性绝缘树脂；
将改性绝缘树脂挤包在第一绝缘层外侧，挤塑温度275℃-295℃；
进行第一在线固化热处理，热处理温度为255℃-265℃，热处理速率为0.22m/s-0.65m/s；
采用三层共挤挤塑机，在第二绝缘层外侧包覆第三绝缘层，第三绝缘层由内向外依次包括内聚氨酯层、聚酰亚胺层以及外聚氨酯层，其中，内聚氨酯层与外聚氨酯层的挤塑温度为160℃-210℃，聚酰亚胺层的挤塑温度为185℃-250℃；
进行第二在线固化热处理，热处理温度为220℃-255℃，热处理速率为0.18m/s-0.75m/s，得到改性复合绝缘电线。
根据本发明的示例性实施例，所述第一绝缘层的厚度是第二绝缘层厚度的20％-35％，所述第三绝缘层的厚度是第二绝缘层厚度的80％-135％。
根据本发明的示例性实施例，所述第一绝缘层采用重叠绕包的方式包覆在金属导体上，包覆角度为35°-40°，重叠率为35％-51％。
根据本发明的示例性实施例，所述聚酰亚胺复合绝缘层由内聚氨酯层、聚酰亚胺层和外聚氨酯层组成，其中，内聚氨酯层的厚度为聚酰亚胺层厚度的50％-65％，外聚氨酯层的厚度为聚酰亚胺层厚度的70％-135％。
根据本发明的示例性实施例，所述第一绝缘层的最小体积电阻率为(200℃±2℃/1h)2.1×1015Ω·m，交流电气强度为228V/μm。
根据本发明的示例性实施例，所述第二绝缘层的厚度为10μm-800μm、相对电容率(23℃、50Hz时)2.98、介质损耗因素(23℃、50Hz时)5.28×10-3、体积电阻率(200℃±2℃/1h)1.8×1016Ω·m，表面电阻率(200℃±2℃/1h)2.2×1017Ω·m，纵向拉伸强度218MPa，纵向断裂延伸率69.9％，横向拉伸强度182MPa，横向断裂延伸率81.8％，交流电气强度365V/μm，击穿电压9.8kV。
根据本发明的示例性实施例，所述第三绝缘层的最小体积电阻率为(200℃±2℃/1h)1.8×1016Ω·m，交流电气强度为295V/μm。
根据本发明的示例性实施例，所述纳米氮化铝的粒径为25nm-80nm。
本发明的实施例综合运用材料和创新性工艺制备具有多层绝缘的电线，采用聚酰胺酰亚胺绝缘层作为第一绝缘层，采用纳米增强改性绝缘作为第二绝缘层，采用聚氨酯与聚酰亚胺复合的复合绝缘层作为第三绝缘层，显著提高电线的耐电压、耐电晕、耐高温、耐老化、耐冲击性能，实现具有优异综合性能的绝缘电线。
与现有技术相比，本发明的实施例克服了传统绝缘电线耐高温、耐电压、耐电晕性能不能同时兼具的不足，根据本发明实施例的改性复合绝缘电线，绝缘性能和力学性能优异，电线应用更安全。
具体实施方式
为使本发明技术方案和优点更加清楚，通过以下几个具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
1、采用重叠绕包的方式将聚酰胺酰亚胺绝缘带包覆在金属导体上，包覆角度为35°，重叠率为51％。
2、将异佛尔酮二异氰酸100重量份、聚丙二醇50重量份、四溴双酚A双(2-羟乙基)醚55重量份、二月桂酸二丁基锡2重量份、偶氮二异丁腈1重量份、甲苯二异氰酸酯2重量份、二羟甲基丙酸16重量份、三乙胺3重量份、粒径为30nm纳米氮化铝0.08重量份，置于反应釜中，第一反应温度为265℃、反应时间为25min，第二反应温度为285℃，在第一反应与第二反应同时进行超声分散，制备改性绝缘树脂；
3、将改性绝缘树脂挤包在第一绝缘层外侧，挤塑温度275℃；
4、对步骤3中线芯进行第一在线固化热处理，热处理温度为255℃，热处理速率为0.29m/s；
5、采用三层共挤挤塑机，在第二绝缘层外侧包覆第三绝缘层，第三绝缘层由内聚氨酯层、聚酰亚胺层和外聚氨酯层组成，其中，内聚氨酯层的厚度为聚酰亚胺层厚度的50％，外聚氨酯层的厚度为聚酰亚胺层厚度的70％；其中，内聚氨酯层与外聚氨酯层的挤塑温度为165℃，聚酰亚胺层的挤塑温度为185℃；
6、对步骤5中线芯进行第二在线固化热处理，热处理温度为235℃，热处理速率为0.19m/s，得到改性复合绝缘电线。
7、制得的第一绝缘层的厚度是第二绝缘层厚度的22％，所述第三绝缘层的厚度是第二绝缘层厚度的85％。
8、制得的第一绝缘层的最小体积电阻率为(200℃±2℃/1h)2.1×1015Ω·m，交流电气强度为228V/μm。
9、制得的第二绝缘层的厚度为10μm-800μm、相对电容率(23℃、50Hz时)2.98、介质损耗因素(23℃、50Hz时)5.28×10-3、体积电阻率(200℃±2℃/1h)1.8×1016Ω·m，表面电阻率(200℃±2℃/1h)2.2×1017Ω·m，纵向拉伸强度218MPa，纵向断裂延伸率69.9％，横向拉伸强度182MPa，横向断裂延伸率81.8％，交流电气强度365V/μm，击穿电压9.8kV。
10、制得的第三绝缘层的最小体积电阻率为(200℃±2℃/1h)1.8×1016Ω·m，交流电气强度为295V/μm。
实施例2
1、采用重叠绕包的方式将聚酰胺酰亚胺绝缘带包覆在金属导体上，包覆角度为40°，重叠率为39％。
2、将异佛尔酮二异氰酸100重量份、聚丙二醇58重量份、四溴双酚A双(2-羟乙基)醚60重量份、二月桂酸二丁基锡5重量份、偶氮二异丁腈4重量份、甲苯二异氰酸酯3重量份、二羟甲基丙酸22重量份、三乙胺5重量份、粒径为50nm纳米氮化铝0.18重量份，置于反应釜中，第一反应温度为280℃、反应时间为20min，第二反应温度为295℃，在第一反应与第二反应同时进行超声分散，制备改性绝缘树脂；
3、将改性绝缘树脂挤包在第一绝缘层外侧，挤塑温度285℃；
4、对步骤3中线芯进行第一在线固化热处理，热处理温度为258℃，热处理速率为0.32m/s；
5、采用三层共挤挤塑机，在第二绝缘层外侧包覆第三绝缘层，第三绝缘层由内聚氨酯层、聚酰亚胺层和外聚氨酯层组成，其中，内聚氨酯层的厚度为聚酰亚胺层厚度的59％，外聚氨酯层的厚度为聚酰亚胺层厚度的80％；其中，内聚氨酯层与外聚氨酯层的挤塑温度为175℃，聚酰亚胺层的挤塑温度为195℃；
6、对步骤5中线芯进行第二在线固化热处理，热处理温度为235℃，热处理速率为0.55m/s，得到改性复合绝缘电线。
7、制得的第一绝缘层的厚度是第二绝缘层厚度的30％，所述第三绝缘层的厚度是第二绝缘层厚度的115％。
8、制得的第一绝缘层的最小体积电阻率为(200℃±2℃/1h)2.1×1015Ω·m，交流电气强度为228V/μm。
9、制得的第二绝缘层的厚度为10μm-800μm、相对电容率(23℃、50Hz时)2.98、介质损耗因素(23℃、50Hz时)5.28×10-3、体积电阻率(200℃±2℃/1h)1.8×1016Ω·m，表面电阻率(200℃±2℃/1h)2.2×1017Ω·m，纵向拉伸强度218MPa，纵向断裂延伸率69.9％，横向拉伸强度182MPa，横向断裂延伸率81.8％，交流电气强度365V/μm，击穿电压9.8kV。
10、制得的第三绝缘层的最小体积电阻率为(200℃±2℃/1h)1.8×1016Ω·m，交流电气强度为295V/μm。
实施例3
1、采用重叠绕包的方式将聚酰胺酰亚胺绝缘带包覆在金属导体上，包覆角度为40°，重叠率为40％。
2、将异佛尔酮二异氰酸100重量份、聚丙二醇80重量份、四溴双酚A双(2-羟乙基)醚85重量份、二月桂酸二丁基锡8重量份、偶氮二异丁腈2重量份、甲苯二异氰酸酯4重量份、二羟甲基丙酸32重量份、三乙胺4重量份、粒径为60nm纳米氮化铝1重量份，置于反应釜中，第一反应温度为280℃、反应时间为35min，第二反应温度为15℃，在第一反应与第二反应同时进行超声分散，制备改性绝缘树脂；
3、将改性绝缘树脂挤包在第一绝缘层外侧，挤塑温度295℃；
4、对步骤3中线芯进行第一在线固化热处理，热处理温度为65℃，热处理速率为0.65m/s；
5、采用三层共挤挤塑机，在第二绝缘层外侧包覆第三绝缘层，第三绝缘层由内聚氨酯层、聚酰亚胺层和外聚氨酯层组成，其中，内聚氨酯层的厚度为聚酰亚胺层厚度的65％，外聚氨酯层的厚度为聚酰亚胺层厚度的90％；其中，内聚氨酯层与外聚氨酯层的挤塑温度为190℃，聚酰亚胺层的挤塑温度为210℃；
6、对步骤5中线芯进行第二在线固化热处理，热处理温度为235℃，热处理速率为0.65m/s，得到改性复合绝缘电线。
7、制得的第一绝缘层的厚度是第二绝缘层厚度的20％，所述第三绝缘层的厚度是第二绝缘层厚度的80％。
8、制得的第一绝缘层的最小体积电阻率为(200℃±2℃/1h)2.1×1015Ω·m，交流电气强度为228V/μm。
9、制得的第二绝缘层的厚度为10μm-800μm、相对电容率(23℃、50Hz时)2.98、介质损耗因素(23℃、50Hz时)5.28×10-3、体积电阻率(200℃±2℃/1h)1.8×1016Ω·m，表面电阻率(200℃±2℃/1h)2.2×1017Ω·m，纵向拉伸强度218MPa，纵向断裂延伸率69.9％，横向拉伸强度182MPa，横向断裂延伸率81.8％，交流电气强度365V/μm，击穿电压9.8kV。
10、制得的第三绝缘层的最小体积电阻率为(200℃±2℃/1h)1.8×1016Ω·m，交流电气强度为295V/μm。
以上所述的具体实施方式，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种改性复合绝缘电线，其特征在于，所述改性复合绝缘电线由金属导体、第一绝缘层、第二改性绝缘层和第三绝缘层组成；所述第一绝缘层为聚酰胺酰亚胺绝缘层；所述第二改性绝缘层由按重量份的以下组分制成：异佛尔酮二异氰酸100重量份、聚丙二醇50-80重量份、四溴双酚A双2-羟乙基醚50-100重量份、二月桂酸二丁基锡2-8重量份、偶氮二异丁腈1-5重量份、甲苯二异氰酸酯1-5重量份、二羟甲基丙酸15-35重量份、三乙胺2-5重量份、纳米氮化铝0.05-3重量份；所述第三绝缘层为聚酰亚胺复合绝缘层，所述聚酰亚胺复合绝缘层由内向外依次包括内聚氨酯层、聚酰亚胺层以及外聚氨酯层，其中，所述第二改性绝缘层的厚度为10μm-800μm，23℃、50Hz时的相对电容率为2.98，23℃、50Hz时的介质损耗因素为5.28×10-3，200℃±2℃/1h时的体积电阻率为1.8×1016Ω·m，200℃±2℃/1h时的表面电阻率为2.2×1017Ω·m，纵向拉伸强度为218MPa，纵向断裂延伸率为69.9％，横向拉伸强度为182MPa，横向断裂延伸率为81.8％，交流电气强度为365V/μm，击穿电压为9.8kV。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改性复合绝缘电线，其特征在于，所述第一绝缘层的厚度是第二改性绝缘层厚度的20％-35％，所述第三绝缘层的厚度是第二改性绝缘层厚度的80％-135％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的改性复合绝缘电线，其特征在于，所述第一绝缘层采用重叠绕包的方式包覆在金属导体上，包覆角度为35°-40°，重叠率为35％-51％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的改性复合绝缘电线，其特征在于，内聚氨酯层的厚度为聚酰亚胺层厚度的50％-65％，外聚氨酯层的厚度为聚酰亚胺层厚度的70％-135％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的改性复合绝缘电线，其特征在于，所述第一绝缘层200℃±2℃/1h时的最小体积电阻率为2.1×1015Ω·m，交流电气强度为228V/μm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的改性复合绝缘电线，其特征在于，所述第三绝缘层200℃±2℃/1h时的最小体积电阻率为1.8×1016Ω·m，交流电气强度为295V/μm。
7.一种改性复合绝缘电线的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括：
在金属导体外侧包覆第一绝缘层；
将异佛尔酮二异氰酸100重量份、聚丙二醇50-80重量份、四溴双酚A双2-羟乙基醚50-100重量份、二月桂酸二丁基锡2-8重量份、偶氮二异丁腈1-5重量份、甲苯二异氰酸酯1-5重量份、二羟甲基丙酸15-35重量份、三乙胺2-5重量份、纳米氮化铝0.05-3重量份，置于反应釜中，第一反应温度为265℃-280℃、反应时间为20min-35min，第二反应温度为285℃-315℃，在第一反应与第二反应同时进行超声分散，制备改性绝缘树脂；
将改性绝缘树脂挤包在第一绝缘层外侧，挤塑温度275℃-295℃；
进行第一在线固化热处理，热处理温度为255℃-265℃，热处理速率为0.22m/s-0.65m/s；
采用三层共挤挤塑机，在第二改性绝缘层外侧包覆第三绝缘层，第三绝缘层由内向外依次包括内聚氨酯层、聚酰亚胺层以及外聚氨酯层，其中，内聚氨酯层与外聚氨酯层的挤塑温度为160℃-210℃，聚酰亚胺层的挤塑温度为185℃-250℃；
进行第二在线固化热处理，热处理温度为220℃-255℃，热处理速率为0.18m/s-0.75m/s，得到改性复合绝缘电线。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述纳米氮化铝的粒径为25nm-80nm。
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