CN108710095A - A kind of impulse voltage generator calibrating installation based on linearity analysis - Google Patents
A kind of impulse voltage generator calibrating installation based on linearity analysis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于线性度分析的冲击电压发生器校准装置，包括冲击电压发生器被校测量系统、冲击电压发生器标准测量系统、冲击电压发生器原边充电电压采集系统、标准测量系统的信息采集系统和线性度校准分析系统，冲击电压发生器被校测量系统包括被校分压器、二次测量显示仪表，冲击电压发生器标准测量系统包括标准分压器、标准二次测量显示仪表，冲击电压发生器原边充电电压采集系统包括直流电阻分压器和低速采集卡，标准测量系统的信息采集系统包括高速采集卡，线性度校准分析系统包括电源模块、主控制电路板和存储模块，本装置实时采集信息数据、分析处理，从而多方面把握原边和输出端的精准度，进一步提升冲击电压发生器校准的精准性。
The invention discloses a calibration device for an impulse voltage generator based on linearity analysis, which includes an impulse voltage generator calibration measurement system, an impulse voltage generator standard measurement system, an impulse voltage generator primary charging voltage acquisition system, and a standard measurement system The information collection system and linearity calibration analysis system, the impulse voltage generator calibrated measurement system includes the calibrated voltage divider, the secondary measurement display instrument, the impulse voltage generator standard measurement system includes the standard voltage divider, the standard secondary measurement display Instruments, impulse voltage generator primary charging voltage acquisition system includes DC resistance divider and low-speed acquisition card, standard measurement system information acquisition system includes high-speed acquisition card, linearity calibration analysis system includes power module, main control circuit board and storage Module, this device collects information data in real time, analyzes and processes, so as to grasp the accuracy of the primary side and the output end in many ways, and further improve the accuracy of the calibration of the impulse voltage generator.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及冲击电压发生器校准技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于线性度分析的冲击电压发生器校准装置。The invention relates to the technical field of impulse voltage generator calibration, in particular to an impulse voltage generator calibration device based on linearity analysis.
背景技术Background technique
随着电力市场的不断发展，越多越多的高压电气设备被投入使用。但是由于其在运行的过程中存在着一定的安全隐患，因此，需首先对其进行进行试验，尤其是绝缘性能的试验工作。而在试验中所用到的设备一般是冲击电压发生器。冲击电压发生器主要为实验室设备，用于对电力设备等试品进行雷电冲击电压全波、雷电冲击电压截波和操作冲击电压波的冲击电压试验，检验绝缘性能。With the continuous development of the power market, more and more high-voltage electrical equipment has been put into use. However, because there are certain safety hazards in the process of its operation, it is necessary to test it first, especially the test of insulation performance. The equipment used in the test is generally an impulse voltage generator. The impulse voltage generator is mainly laboratory equipment, which is used to conduct impulse voltage tests of full-wave lightning impulse voltage, cut-wave lightning impulse voltage and operating impulse voltage wave on power equipment and other test products to test insulation performance.
冲击电压发生器设备一般要求间隔一年或两年对其分压器及测量装置进行计量。Impulse voltage generator equipment generally requires metering of its voltage divider and measuring device at intervals of one or two years.
在进行冲击电压发生器校准试验时，通常的计量方法是用一个精度等级更高的标准分压器与被计量分压器一起并联接入冲击电压发生器设备上。即在冲击电压发生器的放电端连接有被测量分压器，分压器连接示波器。同时，在冲击电压发生器的放电端还连接有用于校准的标准分压器和示波器，标准分压器用于校准被测量分压器的精准度。When performing the calibration test of the impulse voltage generator, the usual measurement method is to use a standard voltage divider with a higher precision level and connect it in parallel with the voltage divider to be measured to the impulse voltage generator equipment. That is, the voltage divider to be measured is connected to the discharge end of the impulse voltage generator, and the voltage divider is connected to an oscilloscope. At the same time, a standard voltage divider and an oscilloscope for calibration are also connected to the discharge end of the impulse voltage generator, and the standard voltage divider is used to calibrate the accuracy of the measured voltage divider.
对于不高于标准分压器额定电压值的被计量设备，可以通过比对被计量测量系统采集到的被计量分压器的电压值(即测量值)与标准测量系统采集到的标准分压器的电压值(通常认为是真值)之间的差异，从而得出一个修正因子，来实现对被计量分压器及其测量系统进行计量。For the measured equipment that is not higher than the rated voltage value of the standard voltage divider, the voltage value (ie measured value) of the measured voltage divider collected by the measured measurement system can be compared with the standard divided voltage collected by the standard measurement system The difference between the voltage value of the voltage divider (usually considered to be the true value), so as to obtain a correction factor, to realize the metering of the metered voltage divider and its measurement system.
对于超过标准分压器额定电压值的被计量设备，标准测量系统量程不能够满足现场冲击电压发生器的冲击电压，为了保证产品的检验质量，可以利用线性度试验，通常办法是在其5倍额定电压值以内进行推定，通过数据分析处理，在满足线性度偏差在±1％内条件下，扩展电压的测量范围，使更高电压等级的冲击电压设备得到有效溯源。For the measured equipment that exceeds the rated voltage value of the standard voltage divider, the range of the standard measurement system cannot meet the impulse voltage of the on-site impulse voltage generator. In order to ensure the inspection quality of the product, a linearity test can be used, usually at 5 times It is estimated within the rated voltage value, and through data analysis and processing, the voltage measurement range is expanded under the condition that the linearity deviation is within ±1%, so that the impulse voltage equipment with a higher voltage level can be effectively traced.
但是，由于在校准时，只考虑了冲击电压发生器的放电端输出的电压精准性，但是，并没有考虑冲击电压发生器的原边始端的精准性。若原边始端本身的工作状态处于非精准状态，那么，输出的电压等级无从考究其精准度，所以，原边信息的校准显得尤为重要。However, during calibration, only the accuracy of the output voltage of the discharge end of the impulse voltage generator is considered, but the accuracy of the primary end of the impulse voltage generator is not considered. If the working state of the primary end itself is in an inaccurate state, then the output voltage level will not be precise. Therefore, the calibration of the primary information is particularly important.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种基于线性度分析的冲击电压发生器校准装置，结合冲击电压发生器输出端与原边的电压精度，实时采集信息数据，从而多方面把握冲击电压发生器的原边和输出端的精准度，进一步提升冲击电压发生器校准的精准性。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a calibration device for impulse voltage generators based on linearity analysis, which combines the voltage accuracy of the output terminal of the impulse voltage generator and the primary side, and collects information data in real time, so as to grasp the primary side of the impulse voltage generator in many ways And the accuracy of the output terminal, further improving the accuracy of the calibration of the impulse voltage generator.
本发明采用的技术方案为：The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种基于线性度分析的冲击电压发生器校准装置，包括冲击电压发生器，还包括冲击电压发生器被校测量系统、冲击电压发生器标准测量系统、冲击电压发生器原边充电电压采集系统、标准测量系统的信息采集系统和线性度校准分析系统，所述的冲击电压发生器被校测量系统包括被校分压器、二次测量显示仪表，被校分压器的输入端连接冲击电压发生器的放电端，被校分压器的输出端连接二次测量显示仪表，进行测量数据显示；所述的冲击电压发生器标准测量系统包括标准分压器、标准二次测量显示仪表，标准分压器的输入端连接冲击电压发生器的放电端，标准分压器的输出端连接标准二次测量显示仪表，进行标准测量数据显示；所述的冲击电压发生器原边充电电压采集系统包括直流电阻分压器和低速采集卡，直流电阻分压器的输入端连接到冲击电压发生器的原边充电端，直流电阻分压器的输出端连接低速采集卡的输入端，低速采集卡的输出端连接线性度校准分析系统的充电采集输入端；所述的标准测量系统的信息采集系统包括高速采集卡，高速采集卡的输入端连接标准分压器的输出端，高速采集卡的输出端连接线性度校准分析系统的放电采集输入端；所述的线性度校准分析系统包括电源模块、主控制电路板和存储模块，电源模块为主控制电路板供电，主控制电路板的充电采集输入端连接低速采集卡的输出端，主控制电路板的放电采集输入端连接高速采集卡的输出端，存储模块用于存储主控制电路板的的处理信息。A calibration device for an impulse voltage generator based on linearity analysis, including an impulse voltage generator, a calibrated measurement system for the impulse voltage generator, a standard measurement system for the impulse voltage generator, a primary-side charging voltage acquisition system for the impulse voltage generator, An information collection system and a linearity calibration analysis system of a standard measurement system, the impulse voltage generator to be calibrated and the measurement system includes a calibrated voltage divider and a secondary measurement display instrument, and the input end of the calibrated voltage divider is connected to the impulse voltage generator The discharge end of the voltage divider to be checked is connected to the secondary measurement display instrument for displaying the measurement data; the standard measurement system of the impulse voltage generator includes a standard voltage divider, a standard secondary measurement display instrument, and a standard divider. The input end of the voltage regulator is connected to the discharge end of the impulse voltage generator, and the output end of the standard voltage divider is connected to the standard secondary measurement display instrument to display the standard measurement data; the primary charging voltage acquisition system of the impulse voltage generator includes a DC Resistive voltage divider and low-speed acquisition card, the input end of the DC resistance voltage divider is connected to the primary charging end of the impulse voltage generator, the output end of the DC resistance voltage divider is connected to the input end of the low-speed acquisition card, and the output end of the low-speed acquisition card terminal connection linearity calibration analysis system charging acquisition input; the information acquisition system of the standard measurement system comprises a high-speed acquisition card, the input of the high-speed acquisition card is connected to the output of the standard voltage divider, and the output of the high-speed acquisition card is connected to The discharge acquisition input end of the linearity calibration analysis system; the linearity calibration analysis system includes a power module, a main control circuit board and a storage module, the power supply module supplies power to the main control circuit board, and the charging acquisition input end of the main control circuit board is connected to The output end of the low-speed acquisition card, the discharge acquisition input end of the main control circuit board are connected to the output end of the high-speed acquisition card, and the storage module is used to store the processing information of the main control circuit board.
所述的主控制电路板内设有用于检测比较的校准软件程序，完成高速采集卡采集的瞬时脉冲电压量U1与低速采集卡采集的直流电压量U2进行比算，得出选取点的等效放电级数U'、多个选取点的平均等效放电级数ΔU'、线性度偏差δ和电压利用系数ρ；其中，等效放电级数U'＝U1/U2，线性度偏差 电压利用系数其中20为被校分压器的放电级数。The main control circuit board is provided with a calibration software program for detection and comparison, and the instantaneous pulse voltage U1 collected by the high-speed acquisition card is compared with the DC voltage U2 collected by the low-speed acquisition card to obtain the equivalent of the selected point. Discharge series number U', average equivalent discharge series number ΔU' of multiple selected points, linearity deviation δ and voltage utilization coefficient ρ; among them, equivalent discharge series number U'=U1/U2, linearity deviation Voltage Utilization Factor Among them, 20 is the number of discharge stages of the voltage divider being schooled.
所述的标准分压器的最大允许误差为±1％。The maximum allowable error of the described standard voltage divider is ±1%.
所述的标准二次测量显示仪表采用泰克示波器，最大允许误差为0.5％。Said standard secondary measurement shows the meter using a Tektronix oscilloscope with a maximum allowable error of 0.5%.
还包括标准二次衰减器，标准二次衰减器设于标准分压器和标准二次测量显示仪表之间，标准二次衰减器的分压比准确度等级不低于0.5级。It also includes a standard secondary attenuator. The standard secondary attenuator is set between the standard voltage divider and the standard secondary measurement display instrument. The standard secondary attenuator's voltage division ratio accuracy level is not lower than 0.5.
本发明将被校分压器的输入端连接冲击电压发生器的放电端，被校分压器的输出端连接二次测量显示仪表，再将标准分压器的输入端连接冲击电压发生器的放电端，标准分压器的输出端依次连接标准二次衰减器、标准二次测量显示仪表。标准分压器用于校准冲击电压发生器的峰值电压；标准二次衰减器用于辅助测量冲击电压的峰值；标准二次测量显示仪表进行标准测量数据显示，In the present invention, the input end of the voltage divider to be checked is connected to the discharge end of the impulse voltage generator, the output end of the voltage divider to be checked is connected to the secondary measurement and display instrument, and the input end of the standard voltage divider is connected to the discharge end of the impulse voltage generator. At the discharge end, the output end of the standard voltage divider is sequentially connected to the standard secondary attenuator and the standard secondary measurement display instrument. The standard voltage divider is used to calibrate the peak voltage of the impulse voltage generator; the standard secondary attenuator is used to assist in measuring the peak value of the impulse voltage; the standard secondary measurement display instrument performs standard measurement data display,
之后，再将直流电阻分压器的输入端连接到冲击电压发生器的原边充电端，直流电阻分压器的输出端连接低速采集卡的输入端，低速采集卡的输出端连接线性度校准分析系统的充电采集输入端。直流电阻分压器用来监测充电电容器的充电电压，低速采集卡采集直流电阻分压器的电压信号。Afterwards, connect the input end of the DC resistance voltage divider to the charging end of the primary side of the impulse voltage generator, connect the output end of the DC resistance voltage divider to the input end of the low-speed acquisition card, and connect the output end of the low-speed acquisition card to the linearity calibration The charging collection input terminal of the analysis system. The DC resistor divider is used to monitor the charging voltage of the charging capacitor, and the low-speed acquisition card collects the voltage signal of the DC resistor divider.
随后，再将高速采集卡的输入端连接标准分压器的输出端，高速采集卡的输出端连接线性度校准分析系统的放电采集输入端。Subsequently, the input end of the high-speed acquisition card is connected to the output end of the standard voltage divider, and the output end of the high-speed acquisition card is connected to the discharge acquisition input end of the linearity calibration analysis system.
最后将采集的低速采集卡和高速采集卡采集的信息发送给主控制电路板，主控制电路板内设有用于检测比较的校准软件程序，完成高速采集卡采集的瞬时脉冲电压量U1与低速采集卡采集的直流电压量U2进行比算，得出选取点的等效放电级数U'、多个选取点的平均等效放电级数、线性度偏差和电压利用系数。再利用各种参数与校准允许值进行比对校准，得出校准结果。Finally, the information collected by the low-speed acquisition card and the high-speed acquisition card is sent to the main control circuit board. The main control circuit board is equipped with a calibration software program for detection and comparison to complete the instantaneous pulse voltage U1 collected by the high-speed acquisition card and the low-speed acquisition. The DC voltage U2 collected by the card is compared to obtain the equivalent discharge series U' of the selected point, the average equivalent discharge series of multiple selected points, the linearity deviation and the voltage utilization coefficient. Then use various parameters to compare and calibrate with the calibration allowable value to obtain the calibration result.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的电路原理框图；Fig. 1 is the block diagram of circuit principle of the present invention;
图2为本发明的具体电路原理框图。FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a specific circuit principle of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1和图2所示，本发明包括冲击电压发生器，还包括冲击电压发生器被校测量系统、冲击电压发生器标准测量系统、冲击电压发生器原边充电电压采集系统、标准测量系统的信息采集系统和线性度校准分析系统。As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention includes an impulse voltage generator, and also includes a calibration measurement system for the impulse voltage generator, a standard measurement system for the impulse voltage generator, an acquisition system for the primary charging voltage of the impulse voltage generator, and a standard measurement system Information acquisition system and linearity calibration analysis system.
所述的冲击电压发生器被校测量系统包括被校分压器、二次测量显示仪表，被校分压器的输入端连接冲击电压发生器的放电端，被校分压器的输出端连接二次测量显示仪表，进行测量数据显示。The measured measurement system of the impulse voltage generator comprises a voltage divider to be checked and a secondary measurement display instrument, the input end of the voltage divider to be checked is connected to the discharge end of the impulse voltage generator, and the output end of the voltage divider to be checked is connected to The secondary measurement display instrument is used to display the measurement data.
所述的冲击电压发生器标准测量系统包括标准分压器、标准二次测量显示仪表，标准分压器的输入端连接冲击电压发生器的放电端，标准分压器的输出端连接标准二次测量显示仪表，进行标准测量数据显示。还包括标准二次衰减器，标准二次衰减器设于标准分压器和标准二次测量显示仪表之间，标准二次衰减器的分压比准确度等级不低于0.5级。The standard measurement system of the impulse voltage generator includes a standard voltage divider and a standard secondary measurement display instrument, the input end of the standard voltage divider is connected to the discharge end of the impulse voltage generator, and the output end of the standard voltage divider is connected to the standard secondary The measurement display instrument is used to display standard measurement data. It also includes a standard secondary attenuator. The standard secondary attenuator is set between the standard voltage divider and the standard secondary measurement display instrument. The standard secondary attenuator's voltage division ratio accuracy level is not lower than 0.5.
所述的冲击电压发生器原边充电电压采集系统包括直流电阻分压器和低速采集卡，直流电阻分压器的输入端连接到冲击电压发生器的原边充电端，直流电阻分压器的输出端连接低速采集卡的输入端，低速采集卡的输出端连接线性度校准分析系统的充电采集输入端。The primary charge voltage acquisition system of the impulse voltage generator comprises a DC resistance divider and a low-speed acquisition card, the input end of the DC resistance divider is connected to the primary charge end of the impulse voltage generator, and the DC resistance divider The output end is connected to the input end of the low-speed acquisition card, and the output end of the low-speed acquisition card is connected to the charging acquisition input end of the linearity calibration analysis system.
所述的标准测量系统的信息采集系统包括高速采集卡，高速采集卡的输入端连接标准分压器的输出端，高速采集卡的输出端连接线性度校准分析系统的放电采集输入端；The information acquisition system of described standard measurement system comprises a high-speed acquisition card, the input end of the high-speed acquisition card is connected to the output end of the standard voltage divider, and the output end of the high-speed acquisition card is connected to the discharge acquisition input end of the linearity calibration analysis system;
所述的线性度校准分析系统包括电源模块、主控制电路板和存储模块，电源模块为主控制电路板供电，主控制电路板的充电采集输入端连接低速采集卡的输出端，主控制电路板的放电采集输入端连接高速采集卡的输出端，存储模块用于存储主控制电路板的的处理信息。The linearity calibration analysis system includes a power supply module, a main control circuit board and a storage module, the power supply module supplies power to the main control circuit board, the charging collection input end of the main control circuit board is connected to the output end of the low-speed acquisition card, and the main control circuit board The discharge acquisition input end of the discharge acquisition card is connected to the output end of the high-speed acquisition card, and the storage module is used to store the processing information of the main control circuit board.
所述的主控制电路板内设有用于检测比较的校准软件程序，完成高速采集卡采集的瞬时脉冲电压量U1与低速采集卡采集的直流电压量U2进行比算，得出选取点的等效放电级数U'、多个选取点的平均等效放电级数ΔU'、线性度偏差δ和电压利用系数ρ；其中，等效放电级数U'＝U'＝U1/U2，线性度偏差 电压利用系数其中20为被校分压器的放电级数。The main control circuit board is provided with a calibration software program for detection and comparison, and the instantaneous pulse voltage U1 collected by the high-speed acquisition card is compared with the DC voltage U2 collected by the low-speed acquisition card to obtain the equivalent of the selected point. Discharge series number U', average equivalent discharge series number ΔU' of multiple selected points, linearity deviation δ and voltage utilization coefficient ρ; among them, equivalent discharge series number U'=U'=U1/U2, linearity deviation Voltage Utilization Factor Among them, 20 is the number of discharge stages of the voltage divider being schooled.
所述的标准分压器的最大允许误差为±1％。The maximum allowable error of the described standard voltage divider is ±1%.
所述的标准二次测量显示仪表采用泰克示波器，最大允许误差为0.5％。Said standard secondary measurement shows the meter using a Tektronix oscilloscope with a maximum allowable error of 0.5%.
还包括标准二次衰减器，标准二次衰减器设于标准分压器和标准二次测量显示仪表之间，标准二次衰减器的分压比准确度等级不低于0.5级。It also includes a standard secondary attenuator. The standard secondary attenuator is set between the standard voltage divider and the standard secondary measurement display instrument. The standard secondary attenuator's voltage division ratio accuracy level is not lower than 0.5.
下面结合附图详细说明本发明的工作原理：The working principle of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
首先，进行前期的准备工作，将被校分压器的输入端连接冲击电压发生器的放电端(高压引线端)，被校分压器的输出端连接二次测量显示仪表，进行测量数据显示。再将标准分压器的输入端连接冲击电压发生器的放电端(高压引线端)，标准分压器的输出端依次连接标准二次衰减器、标准二次测量显示仪表。标准分压器和被校分压器高压引线在水平面的投影应接近直角，偏差不大于10度，避免测量时受到彼此的干扰。First of all, carry out the preparatory work in the early stage, connect the input end of the voltage divider to be checked to the discharge end (high-voltage lead end) of the impulse voltage generator, and the output end of the voltage divider to be checked to connect the secondary measurement and display instrument to display the measurement data . Then connect the input end of the standard voltage divider to the discharge end (high-voltage lead end) of the impulse voltage generator, and the output end of the standard voltage divider to connect the standard secondary attenuator and the standard secondary measurement display instrument in turn. The projection of the standard voltage divider and the high-voltage lead wire of the voltage divider to be calibrated on the horizontal plane should be close to a right angle, and the deviation should not be greater than 10 degrees, so as to avoid mutual interference during measurement.
标准分压器的分压比准确度等级不低于0.5级，响应时间不大于15ns，用于校准冲击电压发生器的峰值电压；标准二次衰减器的分压比准确度等级不低于0.5级，用于辅助测量冲击电压的峰值；标准二次测量显示仪表进行标准测量数据显示，标准二次测量显示仪表采用泰克示波器，频宽100MHz的量程内幅值采样分辨率不超过0.2％，幅值测量误差不大于±1％，时间误差不超过±1％，用于校准冲击电压发生器的波形及峰值电压。The accuracy level of the voltage division ratio of the standard voltage divider is not less than 0.5, and the response time is not greater than 15ns, which is used to calibrate the peak voltage of the impulse voltage generator; the accuracy level of the voltage division ratio of the standard secondary attenuator is not less than 0.5 Level, used to assist in the measurement of the peak value of the impulse voltage; the standard secondary measurement display instrument displays the standard measurement data, the standard secondary measurement display instrument uses a Tektronix oscilloscope, and the amplitude sampling resolution in the range of 100MHz bandwidth does not exceed 0.2%. The value measurement error is not more than ±1%, and the time error is not more than ±1%, which is used to calibrate the waveform and peak voltage of the impulse voltage generator.
之后，再将直流电阻分压器的输入端连接到冲击电压发生器的原边充电端，直流电阻分压器的输出端连接低速采集卡的输入端，低速采集卡的输出端连接线性度校准分析系统的充电采集输入端。直流电阻分压器用来监测充电电容器的充电电压，低速采集卡型号是USB-6233，功能就是采集直流电阻分压器的电压信号。Afterwards, connect the input end of the DC resistance voltage divider to the charging end of the primary side of the impulse voltage generator, connect the output end of the DC resistance voltage divider to the input end of the low-speed acquisition card, and connect the output end of the low-speed acquisition card to the linearity calibration The charging collection input terminal of the analysis system. The DC resistor divider is used to monitor the charging voltage of the charging capacitor. The low-speed acquisition card model is USB-6233, and its function is to collect the voltage signal of the DC resistor divider.
最后，再将高速采集卡的输入端连接标准分压器的输出端，高速采集卡的输出端连接线性度校准分析系统的放电采集输入端。高速采集卡型号PCI-5124，功能是采集标准分压器的电压信号，就是电容器充满电后释放的电压。Finally, the input end of the high-speed acquisition card is connected to the output end of the standard voltage divider, and the output end of the high-speed acquisition card is connected to the discharge acquisition input end of the linearity calibration analysis system. The high-speed acquisition card model PCI-5124 is used to collect the voltage signal of the standard voltage divider, which is the voltage released after the capacitor is fully charged.
正常校准时，将低速采集卡和高速采集卡采集的信息发送给主控制电路板，主控制电路板内设有用于检测比较的校准软件程序，校准软件程序为现有软件，属于现有技术，不在本发明的保护范围内。完成高速采集卡采集的瞬时脉冲电压量U1与低速采集卡采集的直流电压量U2进行比算，换算得出选取点的等效放电级数U'、多个选取点的平均等效放电级数ΔU'、线性度偏差δ和电压利用系数ρ；其中，等效放电级数U'＝U1/U2，线性度偏差电压利用系数 During normal calibration, the information collected by the low-speed acquisition card and the high-speed acquisition card is sent to the main control circuit board. The main control circuit board is provided with a calibration software program for detection and comparison. The calibration software program is existing software and belongs to the prior art. Not within the protection scope of the present invention. Complete the comparison between the instantaneous pulse voltage U1 collected by the high-speed acquisition card and the DC voltage U2 collected by the low-speed acquisition card, and convert the equivalent discharge series U' of the selected point and the average equivalent discharge series of multiple selected points ΔU', linearity deviation δ and voltage utilization coefficient ρ; among them, equivalent discharge series U'=U1/U2, linearity deviation Voltage Utilization Factor
下面以实例说明校准情况：The following example illustrates the calibration situation:
若此次采用的校准的分压器的最大量程为400kV。If the maximum range of the calibrated voltage divider used this time is 400kV.
若需要校准的分压器在400kV以内，则可以进行全量程的校准，若被校分压器最高测量电压为U大，在被校分压器测量范围为选取5个测量点，分别为20％U大、40％U大、60％U大、80％U大和需求点，需求点根据检测需求而定；If the voltage divider to be calibrated is within 400kV, full-scale calibration can be carried out. If the highest measurement voltage of the voltage divider to be calibrated is U, select 5 measurement points in the measurement range of the voltage divider to be calibrated, respectively 20 %U , 40% U , 60% U , 80% U and demand points, demand points are determined according to testing requirements;
对测量点为20％U大进行10次的负极性冲击电压测量，分别读取每次的被校分压器电压示值，设为U校1、U校2、……U校10，并同时对应读取每次的标准分压器的电压示值，设为U标1、U标2、……U标10；Measure the negative polarity impulse voltage 10 times at the measuring point of 20% U, read the voltage indication value of the voltage divider to be calibrated each time, set it as U 1 , U 2 , ... U 10 , and At the same time, correspondingly read the voltage indication value of the standard voltage divider each time, and set it as U mark 1 , U mark 2 , ... U mark 10 ;
再分别测得40％U大、60％U大、80％U大和需求点的电压示值U校与标准分压器的电压示值U标，再进行比较，得到5组数据的相对误差值和相对误差平均值；Then measure the voltage indication value U of 40% U, 60% U, 80% U and the demand point and the voltage indication U of the standard voltage divider, and then compare them to get the relative error of the 5 sets of data value and relative error mean;
再将得到的5个测量点的相对误差平均值与允许误差值3％进行比对，得出全量程比对下的校准结果。Then compare the relative error average value of the 5 measurement points obtained with the allowable error value of 3%, and obtain the calibration result under the full-scale comparison.
若需要校准的分压器超过了400kV，根据规定，400kV的标准冲击分压器可以根据线性度分析方法，进行5倍的溯源校准，即校准400kV*5＝2000kV的冲击电压发生器。If the voltage divider to be calibrated exceeds 400kV, according to regulations, the 400kV standard impulse voltage divider can be calibrated 5 times traceable according to the linearity analysis method, that is, to calibrate the 400kV*5=2000kV impulse voltage generator.
国家电网许继集团公司有一套冲击电压试验装置，其最高冲击电压为2000kV，现在用一套冲击电压测量系统来对其进行校准比对，标准冲击测量系统用400kV的标准冲击分压器。但是400kV以上的冲击电压不能通过本分压器读取，所以，需要将标准器去掉，防止标准器被冲坏，这时就要空载推算，冲击电压有正极性也有负极性，下面以负极性为例。The State Grid Xuji Group Corporation has a set of impulse voltage test equipment with a maximum impulse voltage of 2000kV. Now a set of impulse voltage measurement system is used to calibrate and compare it. The standard impulse measurement system uses a standard impulse voltage divider of 400kV. However, the impulse voltage above 400kV cannot be read through this voltage divider. Therefore, the standard device needs to be removed to prevent the standard device from being damaged. At this time, no-load calculation is required. The impulse voltage has positive polarity and negative polarity, and the negative polarity is used below. Take sex for example.
首先，选取第一校准点和第二校准点进行校准，第一校准点和第二校准点的分别选取在最高冲击电压2000kV测量值约10％和20％的电压值，在约200kV和约400kV电压下进行各10次的负极性冲击电压试验，冲击幅值及线性度校准在被检设备分压器分压比设置K＝2900下进行，试验数据及分析结果见表1至表2。First, select the first calibration point and the second calibration point for calibration. The first calibration point and the second calibration point respectively select the voltage values of about 10% and 20% of the measured value of the highest impulse voltage of 2000kV, and the voltage values of about 200kV and about 400kV Negative polarity impulse voltage tests were carried out 10 times each, and the impulse amplitude and linearity calibration was carried out at the voltage divider ratio setting of the tested equipment voltage divider K=2900. The test data and analysis results are shown in Table 1 to Table 2.
表1约10％冲击电压幅值校准Table 1 About 10% Impulse Voltage Amplitude Calibration
表2约20％冲击电压幅值校准Table 2 about 20% impulse voltage amplitude calibration
其中，相对误差平均值为对相对误差值求平均值。分析表1至2可知，在约10％冲击电压幅值和约20％冲击电压幅值下，相对误差不超过3％，得出校准报告。in, The relative error average is to average the relative error values. From the analysis of Tables 1 to 2, it can be known that the relative error is not more than 3% under the impulse voltage amplitude of about 10% and about 20% of the impulse voltage amplitude, and the calibration report is obtained.
下面再进行超范围的测量点的校准，超范围选取700kV、900kV、1100kV、1400kV、1650kV和1990kV，将连接标准分压器由冲击电压发生器高压引线断开，进行溯源校准；利用直流电阻分压器采集冲击电压分压器的充电端的充电电压U充，被校分压器采集冲击电压发生器放电端的冲击电压U校；Next, the calibration of the measurement point beyond the range is carried out. Select 700kV, 900kV, 1100kV, 1400kV, 1650kV and 1990kV for the over-range, connect the standard voltage divider and disconnect the high-voltage lead wire of the impulse voltage generator, and perform traceability calibration; The voltage divider collects the charging voltage U of the charging end of the surge voltage divider, and the voltage divider collects the surge voltage U of the discharge end of the surge voltage generator ;
采集每个校准点下的被校分压器示值U校3和直流电阻分压器充电电压示值U充3；得到的各个校准点下的被校分压器示值U校和充电电压示值U充进行比，得到各个校准点下的被校系统的等效放电级数U'，Gather the indicated value U of the voltage divider under each calibration point and the indication value U of the charging voltage of the DC resistance divider; the indicated value U and the charging voltage of the voltage divider obtained under each calibration point The indication value U is charged and compared to obtain the equivalent discharge series U' of the system under each calibration point,
如公式(1)所示：U'＝U校/U充(1)；并求得六个等效放电级数求平均值，为平均等效放电级数ΔU'；As shown in the formula (1): U'=U school /U charge (1); and obtain the average value of the six equivalent discharge series, which is the average equivalent discharge series ΔU';
再利用公式(2)得到各个校准点下的线性度偏差δ，线性度偏差 则，第三校准点下的线性度偏差δ3，第四校准点下的线性度偏差δ4，第五校准点下的线性度偏差δ5，第六校准点下的线性度偏差δ6；Then use the formula (2) to get the linearity deviation δ under each calibration point, the linearity deviation Then, the linearity deviation δ 3 under the third calibration point, the linearity deviation δ 4 under the fourth calibration point, the linearity deviation δ 5 under the fifth calibration point, and the linearity deviation δ 6 under the sixth calibration point;
将六个校准点下的线性度偏差最大值与允许偏差值±1％相比较，得出线性度校准结果；Comparing the maximum linearity deviation under the six calibration points with the allowable deviation ±1%, the linearity calibration result is obtained;
再利用公式(3)得到各个校准点下的电压利用系数ρ,电压利用系数 其中20为被校分压器的放电级数；则，第三校准点下的电压利用系数ρ3,第四校准点下的电压利用系数ρ4,第五校准点下的电压利用系数ρ5,第六校准点下的电压利用系数ρ6；Then use the formula (3) to get the voltage utilization coefficient ρ under each calibration point, and the voltage utilization coefficient Among them, 20 is the number of discharge stages of the voltage divider to be calibrated; then, the voltage utilization coefficient ρ 3 under the third calibration point, the voltage utilization coefficient ρ 4 under the fourth calibration point, and the voltage utilization coefficient ρ 5 under the fifth calibration point , the voltage utilization coefficient ρ 6 under the sixth calibration point;
将六个校准点下的电压利用系数最大值与电压利用系数标准值85％相比较，得出电压利用系数校准结果。如表3所示：Comparing the maximum value of the voltage utilization coefficient under the six calibration points with the standard value of 85% of the voltage utilization coefficient, the calibration result of the voltage utilization coefficient is obtained. as shown in Table 3:
表3负极性线性度试验Table 3 Negative polarity linearity test
从表3中可以得出电压利用系数(放电效率)超过了85％，满足行业标准通用技术要求，线性度变化最大值为0.84％，未超出平均值的1％，满足国标要求，所以此套冲击电压试验装置可以用400kV标准冲击电压测量系统来进行校准。It can be concluded from Table 3 that the voltage utilization factor (discharge efficiency) exceeds 85%, which meets the general technical requirements of the industry standard. The maximum linearity change is 0.84%, which does not exceed 1% of the average value, and meets the national standard requirements. Therefore, this set The impulse voltage test device can be calibrated with the 400kV standard impulse voltage measurement system.
这样，只要知道原边充电电压值就能推算出被测装置的冲击电压值，假如原边充电电压为100kV,我们就可以用平均值ΔU'——17.80乘以100kV等于1780kV的冲击电压值，尽管标准冲击电压分压器只有400kV，但实现了利用线性度来校准2000kV冲击电压发生装置。In this way, as long as the charging voltage value of the primary side is known, the impulse voltage value of the device under test can be calculated. If the charging voltage of the primary side is 100kV, we can use the average value ΔU'—17.80 multiplied by 100kV to equal the impulse voltage value of 1780kV. Although the standard impulse voltage divider is only 400kV, it is realized to calibrate the 2000kV impulse voltage generating device using linearity.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的范围。Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it still The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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| CN118501793B (en) * | 2024-07-17 | 2024-10-18 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Pulse measurement error evaluation method and system for full waveform inversion reconstruction |
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