CN108709663B - Temperature sensor based on full-digital physical unclonable technology - Google Patents

Temperature sensor based on full-digital physical unclonable technology Download PDF

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CN108709663B
CN108709663B CN201810477371.7A CN201810477371A CN108709663B CN 108709663 B CN108709663 B CN 108709663B CN 201810477371 A CN201810477371 A CN 201810477371A CN 108709663 B CN108709663 B CN 108709663B
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temperature
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CN108709663A (en
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曹元�
钱欢
陈云鹏
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Jiangsu Woerson Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Changzhou Campus of Hohai University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3271—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using challenge-response
    • H04L9/3278—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using challenge-response using physically unclonable functions [PUF]

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Abstract

A temperature sensor based on a full-digital physical unclonable technology detects the ambient temperature based on the corresponding change of the oscillation frequency generated by the free running RO in a reconfigurable RO PUF to the temperature change; the system comprises an N-bit LFSR, an N-bit reconfigurable RO, a first counter, a second counter and a data selector; the working process of the temperature sensor comprises a temperature measuring stage and a temperature hashing stage, and the adopted authentication protocol comprises a registration stage algorithm and a verification stage algorithm; the PUF-based temperature sensor is fully digital, and the delay of the phase inverter shows the dependence relationship positively correlated with the temperature; the IP core is easily extended and designed to be reusable, using only standard logic units and simple architecture, for seamless integration into a complete telemetry system.

Description

Temperature sensor based on full-digital physical unclonable technology
Technical Field
The invention relates to a safe, efficient and energy-saving key exchange solution for remote sensing and telemetering secure communication, in particular to a low-cost Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) temperature sensor, and belongs to the technical field of remote sensing.
Background
Intelligent temperature sensors and low-cost temperature telemetry systems have developed explosively, covering a wide range of new applications with internet of things (IoT) devices and remote temperature sensing for communication, monitoring intelligent homes, intelligent vehicles, virtual reality, electronic health, and the like from industrial temperatures. Since temperature sensors are nodes of a distributed network, the sensed temperature is sometimes sensitive or confidential, and it is desirable that the sensors provide some degree of confidence. Moreover, since smart temperature sensors in the internet of things are inherently resource-constrained and are typically deployed remotely in open areas, it is easier for an attacker to tamper with the device to perform fraudulent attacks.
Sensing schemes based on physical unclonable techniques (PUFs) have been proposed to authenticate physical sensing devices in a lightweight manner without the need to locally secure any keys. A PUF is a circuit that can directly exploit parameter mismatches caused by uncontrollable and unpredictable variations in the device manufacturing process to generate a reliable and unique digital fingerprint of the device. Its potential stimulus-response generation mechanism can be extended to link the physical perception quantity with the "witness" to provide virtual reality evidence, the concept of which is first proposed in [ c.
Over the last fifteen years, many PUFs have been widely proposed and used as lightweight but secure cryptographic primitives in device authentication/identification, key management and device counterfeiting. It is essentially an extension of biometric identification technology to physical objects. In particular, PUFs exhibit properties that cannot be obtained by cryptographic reduction, but require a physical basis to establish them, most notably physical unclonability. It extracts a unique digital signature from unpredictable and uncontrollable process variations inherent in chip manufacturing. The inputs and outputs of PUF circuits are commonly referred to as stimuli and responses, respectively. The mapping of stimuli and responses to (CRP) is unique for each PUF chip. Instead of storing the reference key in non-volatile memory, the PUF saves the secret into its proper structure. Any invasive or semi-invasive attack may affect the generation of stimulus-response pairs during the registration phase, resulting in a slight mismatch with the original physical structure of the chip. Thus, the key obtained by the attacker will be invalid. From this point of view, PUFs also have tamper awareness, since a tampered chip will no longer be authenticated.
An RO PUF is a popular PUF which has proven to be more powerful and less layout-constrained than many other delay-based PUFs. The basic RO PUF architecture consists of 2 n-bit multiplexers, 2 frequency counters, 1 comparator and n ROs. Each RO contains an odd number of inverters in the feedback loop. Due to process differences, each RO in a PUF can be characterized by a slightly different oscillation frequency.
Excitation is used in the multiplexer to select a pair of ring oscillators to compare their oscillation frequencies. The output is either 0 or 1 depending on which RO has the higher oscillation frequency. The RO PUF is easy to implement by an FPGA because it is less sensitive to the routing distance of the output of the RO to the counter. High reliability may also be archived by allowing the RO to "ring" for a longer time to amplify small frequency differences.
A sensor PUF differs from a conventional PUF in that it introduces an additional input, which is a sensed physical quantity, in addition to the binary stimulus. The sensor PUF can be expressed as a black box function, and the output response R is given by:
R＝PUF(C,P)
where C is the stimulus. P is a physical quantity that can be indirectly and securely sensed by a corresponding circuit within the PUF. Both the sensor and its sensory data can be simultaneously verified by a similar stimulus-response protocol between the prover and the verifier, just like a normal PUF.
The oscillation frequency of the RO is inversely proportional to the propagation delay td of each inverter stage. the first order estimate of td can be expressed as [24 ]:
Figure GDA0002637366860000031
where W, L, VGS, COX, VT, μ, CL, and VDD are the effective channel width and length, gate to source voltage, oxide capacitance, threshold voltage, charge carrier mobility, total load capacitance, and supply voltage, respectively.
The temperature-related parameters VT and μ are denoted [25 ]:
VT(T)＝VT(T0)-σ(T-T0)
Figure GDA0002637366860000032
where T0 is the reference temperature. K and s are respectively a mobility temperature index in the range of 1.2-2 and a threshold voltage temperature coefficient in the range of 0.5-3 mV/K.
The threshold voltage vt (t) decreases with temperature, resulting in a higher operating frequency. The mobility of the charge carriers also decreases with temperature, but as temperature increases, this slows the oscillation frequency. For devices operating in the super-threshold region, the carrier mobility decreases more significantly with temperature than the threshold voltage.
Summary in the prior art, many lightweight key-based cryptographic algorithms have been proposed, but these approaches are essentially based on software that was originally designed for online services. They cannot be used for practical expansion of hardware implementations with limited programmability and insufficient memory resources. Furthermore, almost all lightweight authentication schemes rely on cryptographic primitives that assume that the prover and verifier share a "key". Although shared passwords are easier to protect on the server side, the keys stored in the device's local memory are vulnerable to both intrusive and semi-intrusive attacks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a novel low-cost Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) temperature sensor for safe remote temperature sensing, and is suitable for the fields of industrial temperature monitoring and Internet of things application.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a temperature sensor based on a full-digital physical unclonable technology detects the ambient temperature based on the corresponding change of the oscillation frequency generated by the free running RO in a reconfigurable RO PUF to the temperature change;
the temperature sensor comprises an N-bit LFSR, an N-bit reconfigurable RO, a first counter, a second counter and a data selector;
the N-bit LFSR is connected with the N-bit reconfigurable RO, the sensed temperature data are transmitted to the N-bit reconfigurable RO, the temperature data output by the N-bit reconfigurable RO are input to the first counter and the second counter after passing through the data selector, and the second counter outputs the response of expected excitation.
The working process of the temperature sensor comprises a temperature measuring stage and a temperature hashing stage, and the adopted authentication protocol comprises a registration stage algorithm and a verification stage algorithm.
The N-bit reconfigurable RO is used for temperature sensing and generating a digital tag for the device;
the reconfigurable RO comprises a NAND gate and N/2 inverter stages, wherein one inverter stage comprises two inverters, the number of the inverters Ci is N (N is an even number), i is 0,1,2.. N-1, and the inverters comprise an upper inverter and a lower inverter; after the RO is enabled, the NAND gate is equivalent to an inverter to generate an N + 1-level RO; generation of 2 by different N-bit vectors { C0-CN-1 }NAn oscillation path.
The counting lengths of the first counter and the second counter are both greater than the quotient of the counting time t divided by the frequency of the N-bit reconfigurable RO; the second counter is a bidirectional counter and counts up or down; .
During the temperature measurement phase:
s1, selecting any excitation to initialize the N-bit linear feedback shift register LFSR;
s2, vector { C0-CN-1 } of N bit LFSR output;
s3, inputting the vector { C0-CN-1 } into the reconfigurable RO to select an RO path;
s4, after the reconfigurable RO is enabled (EN ═ 1), the selected path of the reconfigurable RO generates an oscillation frequency f;
s5, the first counter counts the oscillation of the reconfigurable RO output within a time interval t, records the number of oscillation cycles as D (T), and measures the oscillation frequency f, wherein t is D (T) f; the number of oscillation cycles d (t) recorded in the first counter is in a positive correlation with the sensed temperature of the device.
The temperature hashing stage specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, initializing an N-bit LFSR through random excitation;
s2, the N-bit LFSR generates a vector { C0-CN-1 }';
s3, inputting the vector { C0-CN-1 }' into the configurable RO to reselect the RO path;
s4, after the RO is enabled, the RO path is reselected to generate oscillation with the oscillation frequency f';
s5, the second counter counts the oscillation of the reconfigurable RO output in the time interval t, and counts the number of oscillation cycles up to D (T)';
s6, D (T) recorded in the first counter shifts the LFSR by D (T) bits to generate a second vector { C0-CN-1 } ";
s7, after the RO is enabled again (EN ═ 1), reselecting the RO path to generate oscillation with the oscillation frequency f ″;
s8: the second counter counts the oscillation of the reconfigurable RO output within the time interval t, and downwards oscillates for the number D (T) of periods;
s9, determining the difference between d (t) 'and d (t) (the value stored in the second counter represents the difference between f' and f ″), and if d (t) '-d (t)' (1), the output response bit is 1, and if d (t) '-d (t)' (0), the output response bit is 0;
s10, the first counter generates n excitations by n LFSR shifts D (T) bit; the second counter generates n independent response bits after undergoing an n × d (t) cyclic shift of the LFSR.
The registration phase algorithm is used to perform registration to collect necessary information of the device for authentication before deploying the temperature sensor;
the excitation of the reconfigurable RO is denoted as ai(ii) a At different temperatures TjUnder the condition, measuring the temperature through the reconfigurable RO; d (T)j) Outputting the digital temperature for the reconfigurable RO; generating a set of random numbers as an expected incentive for device authentication; excitation of reconfigurable RO aiAt different temperatures TjThe following applies to all PUF-based temperature sensors, yielding a unique response rij(ii) a Anticipated incentives for device authentication [ a ]i,D(Tj),rij]All mappings of (a) are stored in a trusted server database; a isiAn ith excitation representing a reconfigurable RO; t isjRepresents the jth operating temperature; r isijRepresenting the response generated by the PUF temperature sensor under the ith excitation and the jth working temperature condition; [ a ] Ai，D(Tj)，rij]The functional relationship between output temperature and the resulting response for the desired stimulus.
The verification phase algorithm is used for verifying the trust sensor after deployment;
user obtains registration entry [ a ] of device i from serveri，D(Tj)，rij](ii) a Input stimulus aiSent to a temperature sensor to sense the temperature, TjMeasured by a temperature sensor and recorded in a first counter, marked D (T)j) (ii) a Randomly selected excitation aiIs sent to reconfigurable RO, response r'ijBy applied stimulus aiAnd sensing temperature D (T)j) Obtained from a PUF of r'ijAnd D (T)j) Is sent back to the server; r 'if server received'ijAnd r stored in the databaseijMatch, then temperature is transmittedThe sensor and its sensed temperature are verified; otherwise, telemetry may be denied due to untrue equipment or untrusted telemetry; the used stimulus sequence will be deleted from the server.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
the invention provides a temperature sensor based on a full digital physical unclonable technology, which ensures temperature remote measurement by utilizing the temperature sensitivity of a Ring Oscillator (RO) in a reconfigurable ROPUF (ROPUF), solves the problems that the intelligent temperature sensor in the prior art adopts key components manufactured by hands to carry out full custom design and can not be directly transplanted across technical nodes, and is full digital, the larger the number of oscillation cycles is, the higher the RO oscillation frequency is, the higher the delay of an inverter shows the positive temperature-related dependency relationship, and the higher the temperature is; an IP core that is easily extended and designed to be reusable, using only standard logic units and simple architecture, for seamless integration into a complete telemetry system; consumes little power and hardware, which is very attractive for low-cost internet of things (IoT) devices;
the present invention utilizes the linear positive temperature coefficient of the CMOS inverter in super-threshold operation to calibrate the operating frequency of the Ring Oscillator (RO) in a reconfigurable RO PUF at different temperatures, feeds the RO frequency corresponding to the sensed temperature into a random number generator to select a new RO to compare with the RO selected by the input stimuli to generate a random, unique and physically unclonable digital label, is effectively and easily implemented on an FPGA and integrated into other digital systems for selected input stimuli to the target device at a particular temperature, protects the integrity of the sensed information by preventing spurious sensor data and disguised sense nodes; and the RO of the RO PUF is reused as a sensing component for ambient temperature without additional overhead to achieve this basic function.
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The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and examples;
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a temperature sensor based on a fully digital physical unclonable technique according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of the temperature sensor working process to generate the telemetric tag.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments, which are illustrative only and not limiting, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
In order to achieve the objectives and effects of the technical means, creation features, working procedures and using methods of the present invention, and to make the evaluation methods easy to understand, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a temperature sensor based on all-digital physical unclonable technology detects ambient temperature based on the corresponding change of oscillation frequency generated by free-running RO to temperature change in a reconfigurable RO PUF (ring oscillator physical unclonable technology). The temperature is digitized and input into the reconfigurable ROPUF to generate a response that is used to verify the sensor device and the sensed temperature.
Consumes little power and hardware, which is very attractive for low-cost internet of things (IoT) devices;
the temperature sensor of the present embodiment includes an N-bit LFSR (linear feedback shift register), an N-bit reconfigurable RO (ring oscillator), a first counter, a second counter, and a data selector; the LFSR is a shift register that takes as input a linear function (XOR) of the previous states.
The N-bit linear feedback shift register is connected with the N-bit reconfigurable RO, the sensed temperature data is transmitted to the N-bit reconfigurable RO, the temperature data output by the N-bit reconfigurable RO is input to the first counter and the second counter after passing through the data selector, and the second counter outputs the response of expected excitation;
intended excitation finger [ a ]i，D(Tj)，rij]The output temperature is a function of the second counter.
As shown in fig. 2, the temperature sensor working process includes a temperature measurement phase and a temperature hash phase, and the adopted authentication protocol includes an algorithm in a registration phase and an algorithm in a verification phase.
As shown in fig. 1, the temperature sensor of the present embodiment is implemented entirely in digital logic. Thus, its functionality and performance can be verified and evaluated through FPGA-based implementations without the need for full custom design. This embodiment is based on a XilinxVC709 development board with Virtex-7XC7VX690T-2FFG1761C FPGA chip. The control signal is generated by a PC with UART connected to the FPGA board. The collected data was then processed with MATLAB scripts. A2 GSa/s AgilentDSO7034A digital storage oscilloscope was used to capture the output frequency of the RO and to verify the timing of the system.
The N-bit reconfigurable RO is used for temperature sensing and generating a digital tag for the device;
the reconfigurable RO comprises a nand gate and N/2 inverter stages, wherein each inverter stage comprises two inverters, the number of the inverters Ci is N (N is an even number), i is 0,1,2. After the RO is reconfigurable, enabling (EN is 1), a NAND gate (NAND) is equivalent to an inverter, and an N + 1-stage RO is generated; generation of 2 by different N-bit vectors { C0-CN-1 }NAn oscillation path.
The counting lengths of the first counter and the second counter are both greater than the quotient of the counting time t divided by the frequency of the N-bit reconfigurable RO so as to prevent overflow; the second counter is an up-down counter that counts up or down under the control of an input command.
As shown in fig. 2, during the temperature measurement phase:
s1, selecting any excitation to initialize the N-bit linear feedback shift register LFSR;
s2, N bit LFSR output vector { C0-CN-1 } (cannot all be zeros, since this is LFSR disabled);
s3, inputting the vector { C0-CN-1 } into the reconfigurable RO to select an RO path;
s4, after the reconfigurable RO is enabled (EN ═ 1), the selected path of the reconfigurable RO generates an oscillation frequency f;
s5, the first counter counts the oscillation of the reconfigurable RO output within a time interval t, records the number of oscillation cycles as D (T), and measures the oscillation frequency f, wherein t is D (T) f; the number of oscillation cycles d (t) recorded in the first counter is in a positive correlation with the sensed temperature of the device. (the larger the number of oscillation cycles D (T) is, the higher the RO oscillation frequency is, the higher the delay of the inverter shows a positive temperature dependence, which indicates the higher the temperature is.)
As shown in fig. 2, the temperature hashing stage specifically includes the following steps:
s1, initializing an N-bit LFSR through random excitation;
s2, the N-bit LFSR generates a vector { C0-CN-1 }';
s3, inputting the vector { C0-CN-1 }' into the configurable RO to reselect the RO path;
s4, after the RO is enabled again (EN ═ 1), reselecting the RO path to generate oscillation with the oscillation frequency f';
s5, the second counter counts the oscillation of the reconfigurable RO output in the time interval t, and counts the number of oscillation cycles up to D (T)';
s6, D (T) recorded in the first counter shifts the LFSR by D (T) bits to generate a second vector { C0-CN-1 } ";
s7, after the RO is enabled again (EN ═ 1), reselecting the RO path to generate oscillation with the oscillation frequency f ″;
s8: the second counter counts the oscillation of the reconfigurable RO output within the time interval t, and downwards oscillates for the number D (T) of periods;
s9, determining the difference between d (t) 'and d (t) (the value stored in the second counter represents the difference between f' and f ″), and if d (t) '-d (t)' (1), the output response bit is 1, and if d (t) '-d (t)' (0), the output response bit is 0;
s10, the first counter generates n stimuli by shifting the LFSR by D (T) bits n times in the temperature hash stage; the second counter generates n independent response bits after undergoing the above described n × d (t) cyclic shift of the LFSR.
The registration phase algorithm is used to perform a registration to collect necessary information of the device prior to deploying the sensor toCarrying out authentication; selection of temperature sensitive RO, excitation of reconfigurable RO denoted as ai(ii) a At different temperatures TjUnder the condition, measuring the temperature through the reconfigurable RO; d (T)j) Outputting the digital temperature for the reconfigurable RO; generating a set of random numbers as an expected incentive for device authentication; excitation of reconfigurable RO aiAt different temperatures TjThe following applies to all PUF-based temperature sensors, yielding a unique response rij(ii) a Anticipated incentives for device authentication [ a ]i,D(Tj),rij]All mappings of (a) are stored in a trusted server database; a isiAn ith excitation representing a reconfigurable RO; t isjRepresents the jth operating temperature; r isijRepresenting the response produced by the PUF temperature sensor under the ith excitation and the jth operating temperature condition, [ a ]i，D(Tj)，rij]The functional relationship between output temperature and the resulting response for the desired stimulus.
The verification phase algorithm is used for verifying the trust sensor after deployment;
user obtains registration entry [ a ] of device i from serveri，D(Tj)，rij](ii) a Input stimulus aiSent to a temperature sensor to sense the temperature, TjMeasured by a temperature sensor and recorded in a first counter, marked D (T)j) (ii) a Randomly selected excitation aiIs sent to reconfigurable RO, response r'ijBy applied stimulus aiAnd sensing temperature D (T)j) Obtained from a PUF of r'ijAnd D (T)j) Is sent back to the server; r 'if server received'ijAnd r stored in the databaseijIf the temperature sensor and the sensed temperature are matched, the temperature sensor and the sensed temperature are verified; otherwise, telemetry may be denied due to untrue equipment or untrusted telemetry (telemetry temperature); the used stimulus sequence will be deleted from the server to prevent a repeat attack.
Those skilled in the art can design the invention to be modified or varied without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the technical scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (4)

1. A temperature sensor based on full digital physical unclonable technology is characterized in that,
detecting the environment temperature based on the corresponding change of the oscillation frequency generated by the free running RO in the reconfigurable RO PUF to the temperature change;
the system comprises an N-bit LFSR, an N-bit reconfigurable RO, a first counter, a second counter and a data selector;
the N-bit LFSR is connected with the N-bit reconfigurable RO, the sensed temperature data are transmitted to the N-bit reconfigurable RO, the temperature data output by the N-bit reconfigurable RO are input to a first counter and a second counter after passing through a data selector, and the second counter outputs the response of expected excitation;
the working process of the temperature sensor comprises a temperature measuring stage and a temperature hashing stage, and the adopted authentication protocol comprises a registration stage algorithm and a verification stage algorithm;
during the temperature measurement phase:
s1, selecting any excitation to initialize the N-bit linear feedback shift register LFSR;
s2, outputting a vector { C0-CN-1 } by the N-bit LFSR;
s3, inputting the vector { C0-CN-1 } into the reconfigurable RO to select an RO path;
s4, after the reconfigurable RO is enabled (EN ═ 1), the selected path of the reconfigurable RO generates an oscillation frequency f;
s5, the first counter counts the oscillation of the reconfigurable RO output within a time interval t, records the number of oscillation cycles as D (T), and measures the oscillation frequency f, wherein t is D (T) f; the oscillation period number D (T) recorded in the first counter and the sensing temperature of the equipment are in a positive correlation dependency relationship;
the temperature hashing stage specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, initializing an N-bit LFSR through random excitation;
s2, the N-bit LFSR generates a vector { C0-CN-1 }';
s3, inputting the vector { C0-CN-1 }' into the configurable RO to reselect the RO path;
s4, after the RO is enabled, the RO path is reselected to generate oscillation with the oscillation frequency f';
s5, the second counter counts the oscillation of the reconfigurable RO output in the time interval t, and counts the number of oscillation cycles up to D (T)';
s6, D (T) recorded in the first counter shifts the LFSR by D (T) bits to generate a second vector { C0-CN-1 } ";
s7, after the RO is enabled, the RO path is reselected to generate oscillation with the oscillation frequency f';
s8: the second counter counts the oscillation of the reconfigurable RO output in a time interval t and counts the number D (T) of oscillation cycles downwards;
s9, determining the difference between d (t) 'and d (t) ", and if d (t)' -d (t) '-1, the output response bit is 1, and if d (t)' -0, the output response bit is 0;
s10, the first counter generates n excitations by n LFSR shifts D (T) bit; the second counter generates n independent response bits after undergoing an n × d (t) cyclic shift of the LFSR;
the registration phase algorithm is used to perform a registration to collect necessary information of the device for authentication before deploying the temperature sensor;
the excitation of the reconfigurable RO is denoted as ai(ii) a At different temperatures TjUnder the condition, measuring the temperature through the reconfigurable RO; d (T)j) Outputting the digital temperature for the reconfigurable RO; generating a set of random numbers as an expected incentive for device authentication; excitation of reconfigurable RO aiAt different temperatures TjThe following applies to all PUF-based temperature sensors, yielding a unique response rij(ii) a Anticipated incentives for device authentication [ a ]i,D(Tj),rij]All mappings of (a) are stored in a trusted server database; a isiAn ith excitation representing a reconfigurable RO; t isjRepresents the jth operating temperature; r isijRepresenting the response generated by the PUF temperature sensor under the ith excitation and the jth working temperature condition; [ a ] Ai，D(Tj)，rij]Output temperature and resulting response for desired excitationThe functional relationship between them.
2. The temperature sensor based on the all-digital physical unclonable technology of claim 1, wherein:
the N-bit reconfigurable RO is used for temperature sensing and generating a digital tag for the device;
the reconfigurable RO comprises a NAND gate and N/2 inverter stages, wherein one inverter stage comprises two inverters, the number of the inverters is N, i is 0,1,2. After the RO is enabled, the NAND gate is equivalent to an inverter to generate an N + 1-level RO; generation of 2 by different N-bit vectors { C0-CN-1 }NAn oscillation path.
3. The temperature sensor based on the all-digital physical unclonable technology of claim 1, wherein:
the counting lengths of the first counter and the second counter are both greater than the quotient of the counting time t divided by the frequency of the N-bit reconfigurable RO;
the second counter is a two-way counter that counts up or down.
4. The temperature sensor based on the all-digital physical unclonable technology of claim 1, wherein:
the verification phase algorithm is used for verifying the trust sensor after deployment;
user gets registration entry of device from server [ a ]i，D(Tj)，rij](ii) a Input stimulus aiSent to a temperature sensor to sense the temperature, TjMeasured by a temperature sensor and recorded in a first counter, marked D (T)j) (ii) a Randomly selected excitation aiIs sent to reconfigurable RO, response r'ijBy applied stimulus aiAnd sensing temperature D (T)j) Obtained from a PUF of r'ijAnd D (T)j) Is sent back to the server; r 'if server received'ijAnd r stored in the databaseijMatch, thenThe temperature sensor and its sensed temperature are verified; otherwise, telemetry may be denied due to untrue equipment or untrusted telemetry; the used stimulus sequence will be deleted from the server.
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