CN108707058A - A kind of two-step method inverting biological grease is the method for linear alpha-alkene - Google Patents
A kind of two-step method inverting biological grease is the method for linear alpha-alkene Download PDFInfo
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- C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
- C07C1/24—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms by elimination of water
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
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- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/147—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
- C07C29/149—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
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- C07C2523/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- C07C2523/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
Abstract
A kind of two-step method inverting biological grease is the method for linear alpha-alkene, including：Raw material, selective hydrocatalyst, solvent are added in reaction kettle；Under hydrogen atmosphere, the temperature of reaction kettle is warming up to 200-300 DEG C, 1-5h is reacted, obtains reaction solution, separated from reaction solution by centrifuging hydrogenation catalyst；Dehydration catalyst is added in the reaction solution of removal hydrogenation catalyst, the dehydration catalyst is metal oxide catalyst；The temperature of reaction kettle is risen to 300-450 DEG C, sustained response 1-24 hours obtains reaction product；Reaction product is detached with rectifying by being fractionated, obtains linear long-chain alpha-olefin.The raw material that the present invention uses contains the aliphatic acid and/or aliphatic ester of C8-C18, using simple two step then aliphatic acid/aliphatic ester selective hydrogenation is dehydrated and obtains linear long-chain alpha-olefin, in addition to by-product water, without others waste discharge, raw material greatly reduces cost, process is simple, step is few, easily operated, environmentally protective.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to grease transformation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of two-step method inverting biological grease is linear alpha-alkene
Method.
Background technology
Linear alpha-alkene refers to that molecular end only has the carbon number of single double bond to be more than 4 straight chain alkene, is preparing advanced lubrication
The fields such as oil, detergent, surfactant and oil dope have a wide range of applications, and are a kind of important Organic Chemicals
And intermediate.Wherein, the poly alpha olefin synthesized by the alpha-olefin of C8-C12 is a kind of synthetic lubricant fluid of high comprehensive performance；Rule
The molecular structure of long chain alkane then make poly alpha olefin have liquid range is wide, pour point is low, Viscosity Index is high, evaporation loss is small,
The features such as thermostability is good, good and nontoxic to additive response.The alpha-olefin of C12-C18 is sulfonated, neutralize, hydrolysis generates
Alpha-alkene sulfonate is a kind of excellent anion synthetic detergent, has good dissolubility, foaming characteristic and biodegradation
Property.In addition to this, linear alpha-alkene can also be used as plasticising intermediate at straight chain alcohol by carbonyl compound and produce detergent
Raw material.
In order to meet the development of petrochemical industry, the production technology of linear alpha-alkene is widely studied always, at present line
The production method of property alpha-olefin has ethylene oligomerization method, paraffin oil cracking process, fatty alcohol evaporation etc..Ethylene oligomerization method uses
Homogeneous metallic catalyst, catalyst are difficult to detach；Reaction condition is typically to be carried out under high temperature or high pressure, to equipment
It is required that it is high, huge investment is needed in actual production process.Paraffin oil cracking process can obtain the long alkene that carbon number is more than 8
Hydrocarbon, but the product that this method obtains contains more alkane, diolefin and internal olefin, and more complicated separation is subsequently needed to walk
Suddenly, obtained long-chain alpha-olefin product is unable to reach the standard of polymerisation, that is, is unable to reach the mark for generating synthetic lubricant fluid
It is accurate.
Raw material needed for above method both is from non-renewable fossil resource, therefore utilizes the reproducible biomass of green
Carry out production of linear alpha-olefins to start to be studied.Patent CN103333038 discloses one kind and being converted into long-chain alpha-alkene from Long-chain primary alcohols
Metal oxide catalyst, is specially first packed into reactor by the method for hydrocarbon, is heated to 200-400 DEG C, with certain stream
The primary alconol of C8-C14 is flowed through reactor by amount, is carried out dehydration, is handled to obtain long-chain alpha-olefin through collection.This method is simple,
The step for operability is strong, but raw material primary alconol used needs to first pass through grease selective hydrogenation just can be obtained, this is undoubtedly
Increase the cost of linear long-chain alpha-olefin product.
Invention content
It is linear It is an object of the present invention to solve the deficiency of the existing technology and provide a kind of two-step method inverting biological grease
The method of alpha-olefin, raw material is environmentally protective, simple for process flexible, prepares alpha-olefin high income.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of two-step method inverting biological grease is the method for linear alpha-alkene, is included the following steps：
Step 1, raw material, selective hydrocatalyst, solvent are added in reaction kettle, the mass ratio of the raw material and solvent
Example is 1: 100-100: 0；The raw material be selected from C8-C18 aliphatic acid and/or aliphatic ester, the aliphatic acid containing C8-C18 and/or
One or more combinations in the grease of aliphatic ester；The selective hydrocatalyst is load type metal catalyst, described
Load type metal catalyst includes active metal and carrier, and the active metal quality accounts for the 1-15% of carrier quality；The original
The mass ratio of material and hydrogenation catalyst is 1:1-500:1；
Step 2, reaction kettle is sealed, is passed through N2Air in replacement reaction kettle；0.1-5.0MPa is passed through into reaction kettle
Hydrogen, the temperature of reaction kettle is warming up to 200-300 DEG C, 1-5h is reacted, obtains reaction solution；After reaction, it waits reacting
Hydrogen is discharged after kettle cooling, and is separated from reaction solution by centrifuging hydrogenation catalyst；
Step 3, dehydration catalyst is added in the reaction solution of removal hydrogenation catalyst, the dehydration catalyst is metal
Oxide catalyst；0.1-4.0MPaN is passed through into reaction kettle2, and the temperature of reaction kettle is risen to 300-450 DEG C, continue anti-
It answers 1-24 hours, obtains reaction product；The mass ratio of the raw material and dehydration catalyst is 1:5-100:1, the hydrogenation catalyst
The mass ratio of agent and dehydration catalyst is 1:50–50:1；
Step 4, after reaction kettle is cooled to room temperature, reaction product is detached with rectifying by being fractionated, obtains linear long-chain alpha-
Alkene.
Above-mentioned method, wherein the aliphatic acid of the C8-C18 is the linear chain saturated fatty acids of C8-C18, described
The aliphatic ester of C8-C18 is monoesters, dibasic acid esters or three esters being made of the linear chain saturated fatty acids of C8-C18, the grease
For vegetable fat, animal fat or the compound lard of straight chain fatty acid and/or aliphatic ester containing C8-C18.
Above-mentioned method, wherein the carrier is neutral carrier, selected from activated carbon, carbon nano-fiber, silica, pure
One or more of si molecular sieves combine.
Above-mentioned method, wherein the one kind of the active metal in Sn, Pt, Co, Pd, Ru, Ni, Fe, Cu, it is described
Selective hydrocatalyst has one or more combinations in the load type metal catalyst of above-mentioned metal selected from load.
Above-mentioned method, wherein the dehydration catalyst be selected from iron oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesia,
One or more combinations in aluminium oxide, lanthana, samarium oxide, cerium oxide, thorium oxide, niobium pentaoxide.
Above-mentioned method, wherein the solvent is alkane and water, and the alkane is selected from the linear paraffin or ring of C6-C16
One or more combinations in alkane.
In conclusion by the above method, compared with prior art, the present invention having the advantage that and advantageous effect：
The raw material that the present invention uses contains the aliphatic acid and/or aliphatic ester of C8-C18, will using the simple technique of two steps
Then grease, aliphatic acid/aliphatic ester selective hydrogenation are dehydrated and obtain linear long-chain alpha-olefin.Present invention process simple and flexible,
The raw material of selection greatly reduces cost, and the alpha-olefin produced can meet after distilation and further be polymerized to advanced lubrication
The purity requirement of oil.
The present invention uses the reproducible aliphatic acid of green or aliphatic ester for raw material, avoids the use of fossil energy, accords with
Close the theory of Green Sustainable.Simple two-step method is used to convert raw material as linear alpha-alkene, yield and high selectivity remove pair
Without other waste discharges other than product water, meeting the requirement of Atom economy, process is simple, step is few, easily operated,
It is environmentally protective.
The present invention selects the metallic catalyst loaded alternatively property hydrogenation catalyst, and metal oxide catalyst is selected to make
For dehydration catalyst, the effect of the metallic catalyst and metal oxide catalyst of load is to make the raw material selective hydrogenation be respectively
Fatty alcohol and make fatty dehydration of alcohols be long-chain alpha-olefin.The raw material of the present invention is under the atmosphere of hydrogen, and first chosen property adds hydrogen extremely
The straight chain fatty primary alconol of corresponding corresponding carbon number；After removing hydrogenation catalyst and hydrogen, gained primary aliphatic alcohols in the reaction kettle,
It is dehydrated to obtain corresponding carbon through metal oxide catalyst under similar reaction condition (condition containing same solvent) and condition of nitrogen gas
Several linear alpha-alkenes.
Method using the present invention can make the conversion ratio of aliphatic acid or aliphatic ester reach 100%, and the alkene of preparation is made to contain
Amount reaches 90-99%, and wherein the content of linear alpha-alkene is up to 90-96%.
Therefore, the present invention is compared to ethylene oligomerization method, and simple for process, low to equipment investment, yield is changeable, production
Flexibly.The technique of alpha-olefin is obtained through dehydration using fatty alcohol as raw material compared to above-mentioned, the raw materials used in the present invention source is more
Extensively, cost of material is lower, and selective hydrogenation and dehydration are carried out in similar reaction condition, through simple two-step method
Production routine is simplified, the cost in production process is reduced, meets Chemical Manufacture demand, there is wide prospect of production.
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
(1) hydrogenation catalyst is prepared using infusion process,
Step 1.1, with molar ratio Pt:Sn is 1：6 ratio is by the presoma PtCl of Pt4With the presoma SnCl of Sn4It is molten
Solution, obtains metal mixed solution.By SiO2Powder is added in metal mixed solution, and total metal mass accounts for SiO2The 10% of quality mixes
Stirring after being dried overnight under the conditions of 80 DEG C, is ground into powder to doing after closing uniformly.
Step 1.2, by powder at a temperature of 350 DEG C air calcination, then at identical temperature use hydrogen reducing, obtain
Hydrogenation catalyst.
(2) linear alpha-alkene is prepared
The present embodiment using aluminium oxide as dehydration catalyst, before use, aluminium oxide in advance in Muffle furnace with 500 DEG C of temperature
Calcine 3h.The present embodiment is using stearic acid as raw material.
Step 2.1, by 0.2g hydrogenation catalysts PtSn/SiO2It is added in reaction kettle, 1g stearic acids is added, add 80ml
Dodecane is as solvent.Reaction kettle is sealed, N is passed through2Air in replacement reaction kettle；The hydrogen of 4.0MPa is passed through into reaction kettle
The temperature of reaction kettle is warming up to 250 DEG C, reacts 5h by gas.It cools down after reaction, discharges hydrogen, and add by centrifuging
Hydrogen catalyst.
Step 2.2,0.2g dehydration catalysts Al is added2O3, after reaction kettle is sealed, first use N2In replacement reaction kettle
Air is re-filled with 1MPa nitrogen.Reaction kettle is warming up to 300 DEG C, reacts 3h.Reaction terminates, after autoclave body is cooled to room temperature, mistake
Filter separating and dehydrating catalyst and liquid product.
With gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) quantitative analysis liquid product.Chromatography column information：Rtx-5Sil MS(30m×
0.25mm×0.25μm)；Chromatographic program is set：After 100 degrees Celsius are warming up to 280 degrees Celsius with 10 degrees/min, kept for 20 points
Clock.Chromatography result shows that the conversion ratio of stearic acid reaches 100%, and olefin yields reach 99%, and wherein alpha-olefin yield reaches
To 94%.
Embodiment 2
(1) hydrogenation catalyst is prepared using infusion process
Step 1.1, with molar ratio Pd:Sn:Pt is 1.5：7:1.0 ratio is by the presoma PdCl of Pd2With the forerunner of Sn
Body SnCl4With the presoma H of Pt2PtCl6Dissolving, obtains metal mixed solution.Metal mixed is added in pure silicon ZSM-5 molecular sieve
In solution, total metal content accounts for the 10% of pure silicon ZSM-5 molecular sieve quality.It is stirred after mixing to doing, is done under the conditions of 80 DEG C
It is dry overnight after, be ground into powder.
Step 1.2, by powder at a temperature of 350 DEG C air calcination, then at identical temperature use hydrogen reducing, obtain
Hydrogenation catalyst.
(2) linear alpha-alkene is prepared
The present embodiment using the mixture of aluminium oxide and lanthana as dehydration catalyst, before use, aluminium oxide in advance in horse
Not with 500 DEG C of temperature calcination 3h in stove.The present embodiment is using glyceryl tristearate as raw material.
Step 2.1,0.2g hydrogenation catalysts PdPtSn/HZSM-5 is added in reaction kettle, tri- glycerol stearates of 1g is added
Ester adds 80ml dodecanes as solvent.Reaction kettle is sealed, N is passed through2Air in replacement reaction kettle；Into reaction kettle
It is passed through the hydrogen of 2.0MPa, the temperature of reaction kettle is warming up to 280 DEG C, reacts 5h.It cools down after reaction, discharges hydrogen, and
By centrifuging hydrogenation catalyst.
Step 2.2,0.2g dehydration catalysts Al is added2O3And La2O3, after reaction kettle is sealed, first use N2Displacement reaction
Air in kettle is re-filled with 1MPa nitrogen.Reaction kettle is warming up to 300 DEG C, reacts 3h.Reaction terminates, and waits for that autoclave body is cooled to room
Wen Hou is separated by filtration catalyst and liquid product.
With gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) quantitative analysis liquid product.Chromatography column information：Rtx-5Sil MS(30m×
0.25mm×0.25μm).Chromatographic program is set：After 100 degrees Celsius are warming up to 280 degrees Celsius with 10 degrees/min, kept for 20 points
Clock.Chromatography is the results show that the conversion ratio of glyceryl tristearate reaches 100%, and olefin yields reach 96%, wherein α-alkene
Hydrocarbon yield reaches 92%.
Embodiment 3
(1) hydrogenation catalyst is prepared using infusion process
Step 1.1, with molar ratio Ru:Sn is 1：8 ratio is by the presoma RuCl of Ru3With the presoma SnCl of Sn4It is molten
Solution, obtains metal mixed solution.Active carbon powder is added in metal mixed solution, total metal mass accounts for quality of activated carbon
10%, it is stirred after mixing to doing, after being dried overnight under the conditions of 80 DEG C, is ground into powder.
Step 1.2, by powder, nitrogen is calcined at a temperature of 350 DEG C, and hydrogen reducing is then used at identical temperature, is added
Hydrogen catalyst.
(2) linear alpha-alkene is prepared
The present embodiment using the mixture of aluminium oxide and niobium oxide as dehydration catalyst, before use, aluminium oxide in advance in horse
Not with 500 DEG C of temperature calcination 3h in stove.The present embodiment is using lauric acid as raw material.
Step 2.1,0.2g hydrogenation catalysts RuSn/C is added in reaction kettle, 1.0g lauric acid is added, adds 80ml
Dodecane is as solvent.Reaction kettle is sealed, N is passed through2Air in replacement reaction kettle；The hydrogen of 2.0MPa is passed through into reaction kettle
The temperature of reaction kettle is warming up to 300 DEG C, reacts 5h by gas.It cools down after reaction, discharges hydrogen, and add by centrifuging
Hydrogen catalyst.
Step 2.2,0.2g dehydration catalysts Al is added2O3And Nb2O5, after reaction kettle is sealed, first use N2Displacement reaction
Air in kettle is re-filled with 1MPa nitrogen.Reaction kettle is warming up to 300 DEG C, reacts 3h.Reaction terminates, and waits for that autoclave body is cooled to room
Wen Hou is separated by filtration catalyst and liquid product.
With gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) quantitative analysis liquid product.Chromatography column information：Rtx-5Sil MS(30m×
0.25mm×0.25μm).Chromatographic program is set：After 100 degrees Celsius are warming up to 280 degrees Celsius with 10 degrees/min, kept for 20 points
Clock.Chromatography is the results show that lauric conversion ratio reaches 100%, and olefin yields reach 95%, and wherein alpha-olefin yield reaches
To 94%.
Embodiment described above is merely to illustrate the technological thought and feature of the present invention, in the art its object is to make
Technical staff can understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, cannot only with the present embodiment come limit the present invention patent model
It encloses, i.e., it is all according to same changes or modifications made by disclosed spirit, it still falls in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of two-step method inverting biological grease is the method for linear alpha-alkene, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1, raw material, selective hydrocatalyst, solvent are added in reaction kettle, the mass ratio of the raw material and solvent is
1:100-100:0；The raw material is selected from the aliphatic acid and/or aliphatic ester, aliphatic acid and/or fat containing C8-C18 of C8-C18
One or more combinations in the grease of acid esters；The selective hydrocatalyst is load type metal catalyst, the load
Type metallic catalyst includes active metal and carrier, and the active metal quality accounts for the 1-15% of carrier quality；The raw material with
The mass ratio of hydrogenation catalyst is 1:1-500:1；
Step 2, reaction kettle is sealed, is passed through N2Air in replacement reaction kettle；The hydrogen of 0.1-5.0MPa is passed through into reaction kettle
The temperature of reaction kettle is warming up to 200-300 DEG C, reacts 1-5h, obtain reaction solution by gas；After reaction, wait for that reaction kettle is cold
But it discharges hydrogen afterwards, and is separated from reaction solution by centrifuging hydrogenation catalyst；
Step 3, dehydration catalyst is added in the reaction solution of removal hydrogenation catalyst, the dehydration catalyst aoxidizes for metal
Object catalyst；0.1-4.0MPa N are passed through into reaction kettle2, and the temperature of reaction kettle is risen to 300-450 DEG C, sustained response 1-
24 hours, obtain reaction product；The mass ratio of the raw material and dehydration catalyst is 1:5-100:1, the hydrogenation catalyst with
The mass ratio of dehydration catalyst is 1:50–50:1；
Step 4, after reaction kettle is cooled to room temperature, reaction product is detached with rectifying by being fractionated, obtains linear long-chain alpha-olefin.
2. a kind of two-step method inverting biological grease according to claim 1 is the method for linear alpha-alkene, which is characterized in that
The aliphatic acid of the C8-C18 is the linear chain saturated fatty acids of C8-C18, and the aliphatic ester of the C8-C18 is by C8-C18
Linear chain saturated fatty acids composition monoesters, dibasic acid esters or three esters, the grease be straight chain fatty acid containing C8-C18 and/or
Vegetable fat, animal fat or the compound lard of aliphatic ester.
3. a kind of two-step method inverting biological grease according to claim 1 is the method for linear alpha-alkene, which is characterized in that
The carrier is neutral carrier, selected from one or more of activated carbon, carbon nano-fiber, silica, pure silicon molecular sieve
Combination.
4. a kind of two-step method inverting biological grease according to claim 3 is the method for linear alpha-alkene, which is characterized in that
The one kind of the active metal in Sn, Pt, Co, Pd, Ru, Ni, Fe, Cu, the selective hydrocatalyst are selected from load
There are one or more combinations in the load type metal catalyst of above-mentioned metal.
5. a kind of two-step method inverting biological grease according to claim 1 is the method for linear alpha-alkene, which is characterized in that
The dehydration catalyst is selected from iron oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesia, aluminium oxide, lanthana, samarium oxide, oxygen
Change one or more combinations in cerium, thorium oxide, niobium pentaoxide.
6. a kind of two-step method inverting biological grease according to claim 1 is the method for linear alpha-alkene, which is characterized in that
The solvent is alkane and water, one or more combinations in linear paraffin or cycloalkane of the alkane selected from C6-C16.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111302879A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-06-19 | 华东师范大学 | Synthesis method of biomass-based low-viscosity lubricating oil |
| CN111675595A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-18 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Process and system for preparing alpha-olefin by catalytic conversion of fatty acid ester |
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