CN108700016A

CN108700016A - Catheter type fuel injection with igniting auxiliary

Info

Publication number: CN108700016A
Application number: CN201780012522.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: C·J·穆勒
Original assignee: Sandy Asia National Technology And Engineering Solutions Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sandy Asia National Technology And Engineering Solutions Co Ltd; National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia LLC
Priority date: 2016-03-22
Filing date: 2017-01-12
Publication date: 2018-10-23
Also published as: KR20180132615A; WO2017164964A1; EP3433485A1; JP2019510157A; EP3433485A4

Abstract

Multiple technologies proposed in this paper are related to the indoor mixing of strengthen burning, to form the one or more part premixed mixtures for including fuel and unstripped gas so that can be generated during the igniting and subsequent burning of local premixed mixture minimal amount of or not generate soot and other undesirable emissions.In order to realize being sufficiently mixed for fuel and unstripped gas, bootable fuel jet passes through the pore of conduit, to make unstripped gas be inhaled into pore, and then generates turbulent flow with the unstripped gas of fuel combination and sucking.Conduit can be located proximate to the opening in the top end of fuel injector.Igniting accessory can be positioned at the downstream of conduit to help to light fuel/material gas mixture.

Description

Catheter type fuel injection with igniting auxiliary

Related application

This application claims entitled " the catheter type fuel injections with igniting auxiliary submitted on November 29th, 2016 The U.S. Patent Application No. 15/364,002 of (DUCTED FUEL INJECTION WITH IGNITION ASSIST) " it is excellent First weigh, and above-mentioned U.S. Patent Application No. 15/364, No. 002 entitled " the catalysis conduit for requiring to submit on March 22nd, 2016 The U.S. Provisional Patent Application the 62/311,753rd of formula fuel injection (CATALYTIC DUCTED FUEL INJECTION) " Priority.Entitled " catheter type fuel injection (the DUCTED FUEL that the application or on July 1st, 2015 submit INJECTION the part continuation application of U.S. Patent Application No. 14/789,782) ", and part continuation application require in Entitled " catheter type fuel injection (DUCTED FUEL the INJECTION) " US provisional patent submitted on October 1st, 2014 Apply for No. 62/058,613 priority.Contents of these applications are incorporated herein by reference.

GOVERNMENT INTERESTS is stated

The present invention is according to No. DE-AC04-94AL85000 conjunction between Sandia Corporation and U.S. Department of Energy With exploitation.U.S. government has certain rights in the invention.

Background technology

Many Modern Engines are designed so that each deflagrating jar of engine includes being configured to directly spray fuel The special fuel injector being mapped in combustion chamber." direct injection " engine of even now represents engine technology and designed more in the past The improvement of (such as vaporizer) in terms of improving engine efficiency and reducing emission, but direct injection ic engine may will produce Relatively high-caliber certain undesirable emissions.

Emissions from engines may include the soot generated by the burning of the mixture of fuel-rich and oxygen deprivation fuel.Soot packet It includes by the small carbon particle of the fuel-rich region generation of diffusion flame, and the fuel-rich region of diffusion flame generally arises from and can be born to high in In the combustion chamber of the engine run under lotus.Soot endangers environment, is by one kind of US Gov Env Protection Agency (EPA) management and control Emission, and be the second important Climate forcing substance (carbon dioxide is most important).Currently, by exhaust system Larger and costly particulate filter removes soot from the exhaust gas of diesel engine.It it may also be necessary to utilize other burnings Post-processing, such as NOx selective catalytic reduction system, NOx trap, oxidation catalyst etc..It must be to these after-treatment systems It is safeguarded, so as to continue and efficiently reduce soot/particle and other undesirable emissions, and is therefore initially being set It is that combustion system increases additional cost in terms of standby cost and follow-up maintenance.

The focus of combustion technology is that fuel is made to burn in leaner mixture, because such mixture is intended to produce Raw less soot, NOx and it is potential other by the emission of management and control, such as hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO).One Combustion strategies as kind are to praise flame lean-burn (leaner lifted-flame combustion) (LLFC).LLFC is not The combustion strategies of soot are generated, because burning occurs under the equivalent proportion for being generally less than or equal to 2.Equivalent proportion is fuel and oxidation The stoichiometric ratio of the effective rate divided by fuel and oxidant quality of agent quality.LLFC can pass through fuel in strengthen burning room It is realized with the local mixing of unstripped gas (i.e. with or without the air of additional gas phase compounds).

Invention content

It is the brief overview for the theme to be more fully described herein below.This part of the disclosure is not intended to limit power The range that profit requires.

This document describes be designed as improving in combustion chamber relative to the mixing occurred in conventional combustion room configuration/arrangement The multiple technologies of the local mixing rate in portion.The mixing rate of raising is used to form one or more including fuel and unstripped gas Local premixed mixture so that during the igniting and subsequent burning of local premixed mixture, be formed by mixture Minimal amount of soot and/or other undesirable emissions are generated in a combustion chamber or do not generate soot and/or other not phases The emission of prestige.In order to make the mixing of fuel and unstripped gas that can generate with this improved fuel-unstripped gas distribution ratio Local premixed mixture, it is to pass it through the pore of conduit (such as along tube body, hollow circle that can guide fuel jet Cylinder), wherein fuel by making unstripped gas be inhaled into pore, to generate turbulent flow in pore, and then enhance fuel With the mixing of the unstripped gas of sucking.The indoor unstripped gas that burns may include the sky with or without additional gas phase compounds Gas.

The burning of local premixed mixture can occur in the combustion chamber, and wherein fuel can be any suitable flammable Or inflammable liquid or steam.For example, combustion chamber can be by wall (such as the cylinder being formed in engine cylinder body including cylinder holes Hole), multiple surfaces of the piston top of the flame plate surface of cylinder head and the piston to move back and forth in cylinder holes are formed.Combustion Material ejector can be mounted in cylinder head, and wherein fuel is ejected into combustion via at least one of top end of fuel injector opening It burns in room.For each of fuel injector top end opening, conduit can be calibrated to it so that by fuel injector The fuel of injection can pass through the pore of conduit.High-speed fuel jet due to flowing through pore leads to original in the low pressure locally generated Material gas is inhaled into the pore of conduit.Due to being generated by the larger velocity gradient between tube body wall and fuel jet center line Great turbulence level, this unstripped gas mixes rapidly with fuel, result in leave conduit, with certain fuel-unstripped gas The local premixed mixture of distribution ratio, shape during the subsequent igniting and burning of the part premixed mixture in a combustion chamber Soot and/or other undesirable emissions are not formed at minimal amount of soot and/or other undesirable emissions or.

In one embodiment, conduit can be formed with multiple holes or slit along its length, to be furthermore enable to Fuel will be in the pore of unstripped gas suction lead by period along pore.

In another embodiment, conduit can be formed by tube body, and the wall of middle tube body parallel to each other (such as is hollow Cylinder), therefore the diameter of pore (such as entrance) at the first end of conduit and the pore (example at the second end of conduit As outlet) diameter it is identical.In another embodiment, the wall of tube body can be not parallel, so that at the first end of conduit Pore diameter be different from conduit the second end at pore diameter.

Conduit can be formed by any material suitable for applying in a combustion chamber, such as such as steel, inconel (INCONEL), the metal-containing material of Hastelloy (HASTELLOY) etc., containing ceramic material etc..

In another embodiment, conduit can just be attached to fuel injection before fuel injector is inserted into combustion chamber Device a so that part for combustion chamber is shaped as including the positioning of the component of fuel injector and conduit.In another embodiment, it fires Material ejector can be located in combustion chamber, and conduit is subsequently attached to fuel injector or cylinder head.

During the operation of engine, the temperature on the inside of the pore of conduit can be less than indoor environment temperature of burning, and make The ignition delay time for obtaining mixture increases, and the mixing of fuel and unstripped gas before automatic ignition is directly sprayed with by fuel It is mapped to compare in combustion chamber and has obtained further improvement.

It can make the igniting of fuel/material gas mixture using the operation of the engine of various embodiments proposed in this paper Delay time increases.It, can in order to promote the igniting of fuel/material gas mixture in the case where not making ignition delay time long To light fuel/material gas mixture using one or more igniting accessory.Igniting accessory can be glow plug, The laser etc. of plasma flare, transmitting focusing laser beam.Further, igniting accessory, which can manufacture, is positioned at it On cati material, wherein igniting accessory can relative to fuel/material gas mixture from conduit (for example, fuel/ In the flow path of material gas mixture) discharge and position, wherein the fuel/unstripped gas being easily achieved by catalysis material The reaction of mixture promotes the igniting of fuel/material gas mixture.

Foregoing invention content provides simple general introduction, in order to provide to some of system as described herein and/or method The basic comprehension of aspect.The Summary is not the view for being system as described herein and/or method.It is not It is intended to determine key/main element or defines the range of such system and or method.Its unique purpose is with simplified shape Preamble of some concepts as the more detailed description presented later is presented in formula.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the sectional view of exemplary combustion chamber equipment.

Fig. 2 is the signal for showing the flame board to form exemplary combustion chamber equipment, valve, fuel injector and conduit Figure.

Fig. 3 is the close up view for including fuel injector and the exemplary combustion chamber device of conduit arrangement.

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the conduit with cylindrical configuration.

Fig. 5 A are the schematic diagram of the conduit with non-parallel sides.

Fig. 5 B are the schematic diagram of the conduit with hourglass-shaped profile.

Fig. 5 C are the schematic diagram of the conduit with infundibulate profile.

Fig. 6 A to Fig. 6 C show the conduit for including multiple holes along its length.

Fig. 7 A and Fig. 7 B are the schematic diagram for showing the component being made of fuel injector and conduit in combustion chamber.

Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B show the exemplary arrangement for including three conduits and thread attachment part.

Fig. 8 C are the schematic diagram for the conduit tube component for being attached to fuel injector assembly.

Fig. 8 D are the schematic diagram for the conduit tube component for being attached to flame board, and the attachment contributes to conduit tube component to be sprayed about fuel The positioning of emitter assemblies.

Fig. 9 A and Fig. 9 B are shown guides the opening in the top end to form fuel injector using conduit.

Figure 10 is the example shown for generating the local premixed mixture with certain fuel-unstripped gas distribution ratio The flow chart of property method, the part premixed mixture form minimal amount of soot and/or other undesirable in a combustion chamber Emission or do not form soot and/or other undesirable emissions.

Figure 11 is to show that the component for that will include fuel injector and at least one conduit positions in a combustion chamber The flow chart of illustrative methods.

Figure 12 is to show at least one conduit to be positioned to the exemplary side at fuel injector in a combustion chamber The flow chart of method.

Figure 13 is to show the flow chart that the illustrative methods of the formation of top end split shed are guided using conduit.

Figure 14 is that fuel/unstripped gas mixing is lighted in the catheter type fuel configuration shown in exemplary combustion chamber equipment The schematic diagram of object.

Figure 15 is to show to be lighted by the catalysis material in the discharge end portion of conduit in exemplary combustion chamber equipment The schematic diagram of fuel/material gas mixture.

Figure 16 is to show to light fuel/raw material by the catalysis material on ring bodies in exemplary combustion chamber equipment The schematic diagram of gas mixture.

Figure 17 is to show to light fuel/raw material by the multiple bars covered by catalysis material in exemplary combustion chamber equipment The schematic diagram of gas mixture.

Figure 18 is the signal for showing the glow plug that fuel/material gas mixture is lighted in exemplary combustion chamber equipment Figure.

Figure 19 is the signal for showing the laser beam that fuel/material gas mixture is lighted in exemplary combustion chamber equipment Figure.

Figure 20 is the stream for showing the illustrative methods for lighting fuel/material gas mixture using igniting accessory Cheng Tu.

Specific implementation mode

This paper presents multiple technologies, relate to the use of one or more conduits to generate the fuel and raw material that are locally pre-mixed The mixture of gas, the mixture form minimal amount of soot and/or other undesirable emissions, or not shape during burning At soot and/or other undesirable emissions.Similar reference numeral is used to refer to for similar element in all technologies.With In lower description, for illustrative purposes, numerous specific details are set forth, in order to provide the thorough reason to one or more aspects Solution.It may be evident, however, that such aspect can be put into practice without these specific details.At other In example, well known construction and device is shown in block diagram form, to facilitate description one or more aspects.

Further, term "or" is intended to mean the "or" of inclusive rather than exclusive "or".That is, unless It is otherwise noted or can define from the context, otherwise phrase " X uses A or B " is intended to mean any natural inclusive displacement. That is, any one in following instance is satisfied by phrase " X uses A or B ":X uses A;X uses B;Or X uses A and B both. In addition, in the application and appended claims in use, article " one " and "one" should be typically interpreted to mean " one Or multiple ", can clearly refer to unless otherwise indicated or from the context singulative.In addition, as used herein, term " exemplary " is intended to mean serving as the explanation of something or other or example, it is not intended that indicates preferred embodiment.

Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 illustrate the illustrative configuration for catheter type fuel injection system.Fig. 1 is combustion-chamber assembly 100 viewgraph of cross-section, the wherein viewgraph of cross-section are intercepted along the X-X lines of Fig. 2.Fig. 2 illustrates configuration 200, is combustion Burn plan view of the chamber component 100 in the Y-direction of Fig. 1.Fig. 3 shows configuration 300, is the fuel illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 The enlarged view of ejection assemblies.

Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 collectively illustrates multiple common components, they are combined to form combustion chamber 105.In an embodiment In, there is the general cylindrical shape shape being limited in cylinder holes 110, cylinder holes 110 to form (such as being machined into) and exist for combustion chamber 105 In the crankcase or engine cylinder body 115 of engine (not showing completely).Further (the first end at one end of combustion chamber 105 Portion) limited by the flame plate surface 120 of cylinder head 125, and the other end (the second end) from can be carried out in cylinder holes 110 toward The piston top 130 of the piston 135 moved again limits.Fuel injector 140 is mounted in cylinder head 125.Injector 140 has the tip End 145, top end 145 is protruded into across flame plate surface 120 in combustion chamber 105 so that it can inject fuel directly into combustion It burns in room 105.Injector top end 145 may include 146 (apertures) of multiple openings, and fuel is injected into combustion across the opening 146 It burns in room 105.Each opening 146 can have specific shape, such as circular open, and further, each opening 146 To have specific opening diameter, D3.

Further, combustion chamber 105 has the one or more conduits 150 being located therein, and can utilize this or more A conduit 150 guides the opening 146 (being discussed further below) via injector 140 to be ejected into the fuel in combustion chamber 105. According to the routine operation of internal combustion engine, inlet valve 160 is for enabling unstripped gas to enter in combustion chamber 105, and exhaust valve 165 is used In making to be formed in the arbitrary combustion product in combustion chamber 105 (such as gas, soot according to the combustion process occurred in combustion chamber Deng) can be discharged.Unstripped gas in combustion chamber 105 may include the air with or without additional gas phase compounds.

Fig. 2 illustrates the multiple inlet valves 160 and multiple exhaust valves 165 that can be coupled in combustion chamber 105.Moreover, such as Fig. 2 Shown, one or more conduits 150 can surround top end 145 and arrange, wherein according to the configuration 400 of Fig. 4, conduit 150 can be Tube body or hollow cylindrical body comprising the inner orifice 153 of the outer wall 152 with outer diameter D 1 and the length across conduit 150, wherein Inner orifice 153 has diameter D2.As shown in figure 4, conduit 150 can be formed as cylindrical shape so that the inner surface 154 of outer wall 152 It is parallel with the outer surface 155 of outer wall 152, and therefore the first opening 157 and conduit 150 at the first end of conduit 150 The second 158 diameters having the same of opening at the second end the, for example, diameter=D2=of first 157 (such as entrances) of opening The diameter of second opening 158 (such as outlet).The first end of conduit 150 can be positioned closest to (close, neighbouring, adjacent) Opening 146, and the second end of conduit 150 is positioned as the position relative to the first end of conduit 150 far from opening 146. In one embodiment, as further described herein, the thickness of outer wall 152 can change along the length of conduit 150 so that Although the outer surface 155 of outer wall 152 is cylindrical shape, inner surface 154 can be tapered and/or be in cone shape.Another In embodiment, the length L of conduit 150 can be the length of any desired.For example, the length L of conduit 150 can be between opening Between about 30 to about 300 times of 146 nominal diameter D3, for example, about 30 × D3 to about 300 × D3.

Fig. 3 is gone to, as previously mentioned, top end 145 may include multiple openings 146, so that fuel 180 can pass through (such as fuel injection).When passing through each opening 146 with initial fuel 180, according to the opening 146 at top end 145 Quantity and size can form multiply fuel jet 185 by the fuel 180 for flowing through the initial volume of injector 140.The combustion of injection The center line that the injection direction of material 185 can illustrate according to fig. 3To describe.Therefore, conduit 150 can be with fuel jet 185 Center line be mutually aligned (such as coaxial) so that fuel jet 185 leaves from opening 146 and across the pore of conduit 150 153.According to fig. 3 with 4, first (proximal end) end 157 of conduit 150 may be positioned such that close to corresponding opening 146, wherein first End 157 can be positioned so that there are clearance Gs between the first end and opening 146 of conduit 150.The second of conduit 150 (distal end) end 158 can be positioned in combustion chamber 105 so that conduit 150 extends from top end 145 and enters in combustion chamber 105.

As previously mentioned, in the case where the fuel-rich mixture of fuel and unstripped gas undergoes and burns, there may be soots, this is It is undesirable.Therefore, it is desirable to which the equivalent proportion of fuel/material gas mixture is generally less than or equal to 2.With each stock fuel jet 185 travel across the pore 153 of each conduit 150, generate pressure difference inside conduit 150 so that the raw material in combustion chamber 105 Gas is also drawn into conduit 150.Due to the center line of conduit pore 153 (fluid velocity is zero at this) and fuel jet 185 The great turbulence level that fair speed gradient between (fluid velocity is larger at this) generates, unstripped gas mix rapidly with fuel 185. Turbulent-flow conditions can improve the rate of the mixing between fuel jet 185 and the unstripped gas being inhaled into, wherein fuel 185 and raw material The degree of mixing of the gas in pore 153 can be more than the mixability that will occur in conventional configuration, wherein in conventional structure In type, fuel jet 185 is directly sprayed into the combustion chamber 105 filled with unstripped gas and is not passed through conduit.For conventional configuration For, with according to configuration 100, by making fuel jet 185 across compared with conduit 150 is realized, fuel jet 185 will It is subjected to the less amount of turbulent flow for causing to be mixed with unstripped gas.

According to fig. 3, at the region of fuel jet 185 186, fuel jet 185 includes the fuel-rich mixture of large volume, and At the region of fuel jet 185 187, fuel jet 185 is mixed with the unstripped gas of sucking, so as to cause with region Fuel-rich mixture at 186 is compared, generates the more premixed mixtures in part at region 187.Therefore, according to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 Shown in configuration 100, height occurs in conduit 150 with unstripped gas and mix, generates with fuel and unstripped gas fuel 185 Fuel/the material gas mixture of ratio distribution being locally pre-mixed, this is being lighted with ignition mixture (such as by piston 135 Compression heating caused by movement) when, cause the soot generated and/or other undesirable emissions to be obtained than conventional equipment Amount is less.The equivalent proportion of the mixture of " thin enough " at region 187 can be between 0 and 2, the and " mistake at region 186 It is dense " mixture be equivalent proportion be more than 2 mixture.

In one embodiment, the diameter D2 of the pore 153 of conduit 150 can be more than the first end 157 of conduit 150 The diameter D3 of close corresponding opening 146.For example, D2 can be about 2 times of D3 big, D2 can be the about 50 times big of D3, D2's Diameter can arbitrary number magnitude bigger than D3, for example for 2 times of about D3 greatly to the 50 of D3 times of big values in the range of select Order of magnitude etc..

As shown in figure 3, conduit 150 can be calibrated relative to flame plate surface 120, and so that conduit 150 and flame It is calibrated in a manner of θ ° between plate surface 120.θ can be random desired value, and (such as conduit 150 is calibrated to range from 0 ° It is parallel to the plane P-P formed by flame plate surface 120) to random desired value, the wherein calibration of conduit 150 can be according to fuel The traveling center line of jet stream 185Calibration.Fuel jet 185 be calibrated to along be arranged essentially parallel to flame plate surface 120, The direction of plane P-P is left in the embodiment of corresponding opening 146 of fuel injector 140, and conduit 150 can also be calibrated to It is arranged essentially parallel to plane P-P.For conduit 150 calibration the considerations of factor be prevent interference piston 135 reciprocating motion, into Valve 160 and exhaust valve 165, for example, conduit 150 should be calibrated to so that its not with piston top 130, inlet valve 160 or exhaust Door 165 contacts.

It is parallel to inner surface 154 although conduit 150 is illustrated as the outer surface 155 in wall 152 by Fig. 4 (such as pore 153 begins There is constant diameter D2 eventually) columnar form, but conduit 150 could be formed with any desired section.For example, In configuration 500, if Fig. 5 A are illustrated, conduit 510 can be formed to have tapered outer wall 515 so that the first of conduit 500 At the second end of the diameter D4 and conduit 510 of first 520 (such as entrances) of opening of end the second opening 530 (such as Outlet) diameter D5 it is different.Configuration 500 is considered the hollow frustum of positive round cone.In another configuration 550, If Fig. 5 B are illustrated, conduit 560 can be formed to have the outer wall 565 in " hourglass " shape profile, and wherein center portion can be with The diameter D8 (the second opening) of diameter D7 (the first opening) and the second end with the first end than conduit 560 are narrower Diameter D6.It should be appreciated that the diameter D7 of the first opening can be identical diameter or D7&gt with the diameter D8 of the second opening;D8, or D7<D8.In addition, though to simplify the explanation, catheter wall profile shown in Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 C includes straight line, but it is to be understood that These wall profiles can also be formed by the curve being segmented.In another configuration 570, if Fig. 5 C are illustrated, conduit 580 can be with shape As with the outer wall 585 in " infundibulate " profile, wherein the first of the first end of the diameter D9 and conduit 580 of center portion The diameter D10 of opening is identical, and diameter D9 is less than the diameter D11 of the second opening at the second end of conduit 580.It is alternative Ground, conduit 580 can turn direction relative to opening 146 so that the opening with diameter D11 can be positioned at opening 146 Place, to from a diameter of D10 opening project before fuel 185 by being restricted.Although not described herein, It should be understood that other conduit profiles can be utilized according to one or more embodiments shown in this article.

Further, as shown in Fig. 6 A to Fig. 6 C, the tubular wall of conduit can have at least one hole formed therein (perforation, hole, opening, aperture, slit), so that unstripped gas can enter conduit through conduit in fuel by period.According to The configuration 600 of Fig. 6 A, it is illustrated that conduit 610, wherein conduit 610 have manufactured multiple hole H₁-H_n, multiple hole, which is formed in, leads The side of pipe 610 simultaneously extends through wall 620 and enters inner orifice 630, and wherein n is positive integer.It should be appreciated that although Fig. 6 A are shown Five hole H being formed in the wall 620 of conduit 610₁-H_n, but be available with any number of hole and arrange to come in fact accordingly The sucking of existing unstripped gas and the mixing of subsequent unstripped gas and the fuel across conduit 610.Any suitable system can be passed through It makes technology and forms hole H₁-H_n, such as conventional drilling, laser drill, electrical discharge machining (EDM) etc..

The configuration 601 of Fig. 6 B is the section view of conduit 610, and which illustrates fuel jets 685 from injector top end 145 Opening 146 in eject, and across conduit 610 pore 630.Fuel jet 685 includes initially fuel rich area 687.However, as unstripped gas is inhaled into pore 630, fuel 685 is mixed (as previously described) with unstripped gas so that region 688 include the local premixed mixture with certain fuel-unstripped gas distribution ratio, wherein in subsequent combustion process, The mixture of " thin enough " burns, and generates minimal amount of soot and/or other undesirable emissions or do not produce Raw soot and/or other undesirable emissions.As shown, for configuration 601, the first end 611 and top end of conduit 610 Separation (such as G very close to each other) is had no between 145;611 abutment openings 146 of first end of conduit 610.For configuration 601, when When preventing unstripped gas from entering in pore 630 because lacking gap between the first end 611 of conduit 610 and top end 145, by hole H₁-H_nBeing attached in conduit 610 can make unstripped gas through hole H₁-H_nAnd be inhaled into pore 630, so as to form part The jet stream 685 of premixing.It (such as is parallel to although conduit 610 is illustrated as vertically calibrating with top end 145), but conduit 610 can relative to top end 145 (and opening 146) with positioned at arbitrary angles at enabling fuel jet 685 to flow through conduit 630。

Fig. 6 C show that alternate configuration 602, the first end 611 of wherein conduit 610 are located proximate to top end 145 and opening 146, which has the clearance G for separating the first end 611 of conduit 610 and top end 145.Clearance G makes more originals Material gas is inhaled into conduit 610, to supplement via hole H₁-H_nThe unstripped gas being inhaled into pore 630.

According to each embodiment of this paper, multiple conduits can be located proximate to injector top end 145, thus can be led multiple Pipe is attached to injector top end 145, and can the component that formed by injector top end 145 and conduit be positioned at cylinder head 125/ To form combustion chamber in flame plate surface 120.Such as according to configuration 700 shown in Fig. 7 A and Fig. 7 B, conduit 150 can be attached To sleeve 710 (shield) or the similar structures that can be together bound to injector 140 in supporting block 720.Cylinder head 125 may include Opening 730, wherein according to Fig. 7 B, supporting block 720, injector 140, sleeve 710 and conduit 150 are relative to flame plate surface 120 (such as plane P-P) is located so that injector 140 and conduit 150 are positioned to form combustion chamber 105, wherein can be relative to The 146 corresponding conduit 150 of positioning of corresponding opening of injector 140, to make fuel jet (such as fuel jet 185) can Across pore 153.

In another embodiment, injector top end can be positioned at flame board, and conduit can be then attached It is connected to injector top end.As shown in the configuration 800 of Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B, locating ring 810 has the multiple conduits being attached to thereon 150.Locating ring 810 may include that the device for being attached locating ring 810, such as the inner surface 815 of locating ring 810 can have spiral shell Line so that conduit 150 is attached by connector 817 respectively.As shown in the configuration 850 of Fig. 8 C, locating ring 810 and conduit 150 It can be assembled with injector 140.It is wherein combined with the sleeve 820 of injector 140 or similar structures may also include and locating ring 810 The matched attached device of attachment mechanism.Such as sleeve 820 may include the end of thread 825, locating ring 810 can be screwed onto the screw thread On end 825, wherein corresponding conduit 150 can be positioned relative to the corresponding opening 146 of syringe 140, to make fuel jet (such as fuel jet 185) can pass through pore 153.

It should be appreciated that the quantity for surrounding the conduit 150 that injector top end 145 is arranged can be the quantity N (examples of any desired It is such as consistent with the quantity of opening 146 in top end 145), wherein N is positive integer.Therefore, although Fig. 2 shows configuration 200 include Six conduits 150, but the configuration 800 shown in Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B includes relative to three openings 146 at injector top end 145 And three conduits 150 positioned.

In another embodiment, conduit can be either directly or via locating ring or other mechanisms for being used to be attached It is attached to flame board.As shown in the configuration 860 of Fig. 8 D, locating ring 870 has the multiple conduits 150 being attached to thereon.Locating ring 870 may include the device for being attached locating ring 870;Such as the outer surface of locating ring 870 can have screw thread so that conduit 150 are attached by connector 817 respectively.Have threaded outer surface and can be attached to extension (such as at position 875) and arrives Screw thread in flame plate surface 120, to contribute to corresponding conduit 150 relative to accordingly opening in the top end 145 of injector 140 The positioning of mouth 146.It should be understood that the other methods that conduit 150 is attached to flame board can be used.In one example, Conduit 150 can for example be each attached to flame board 120 by using screw.In another example, locating ring 180 can example Flame board 120 is such as attached at position 875 by weldment.

On the one hand, in order to make the mixing in conduit pore of fuel and unstripped gas maximize, can advantageously, make fuel from The center line in the direction and pore that are emitted in the opening of fuel injector is accurately mutually aligned.It is this accurate in order to realize Be mutually aligned, can help to be formed opening using pore.This method is shown in Fig. 9 A and Fig. 9 B.Such as Fig. 9 A institutes Show, conduit 150 is positioned to (such as with reference to described in Fig. 7 A, Fig. 7 B, Fig. 8 A, Fig. 8 B, Fig. 8 C) so that conduit 150 First end 157 abuts (such as there is no clearance Gs) injector top end 145.Conduit 150 is so that flame plate surface 120 is put down Face P-P and desired traveling center lineIt is calibrated in desired angle, θ °, wherein fuel jet (such as fuel 185,685) It will be along the desired traveling center lineIt advances.

In the case where conduit 150 positions as needed, opening 146 can be formed at top end 145.In an embodiment In, opening 146 can be formed by electrical discharge machining (EDM), it being understood, however, that be available with any suitable system Technology is made to form opening 146.As shown, can enable to execute EDM behaviour with desired angle using conduit 150 Make, such as blade member (such as EDM electrode) can be guided at a certain angle using conduit 150, is aligned to so as to be formed Enable fuel jet along traveling center lineDirection flowing opening 146.It will be appreciated that though Fig. 9 A and Fig. 9 B are shown Conduit 150 abuts injector top end 145, and the length of this outer conduit 150 is not open, it is also possible to use other to arrange (example Any one in a variety of configurations as shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 8 C).Such as the first end 157 of conduit 150 can be positioned to connect Nearly injector top end 145, such as make there is clearance G between them.In another example, conduit 150 can wrap along its length Include one or more holes (such as hole H₁-H_n).It in another example, can be according to any one of configuration 700 or 850 by conduit 150 It is attached as close to injector top end 145.

Conduit 150 can be formed by any material being suitable for the application of in combustion chamber, for example, such as steel, INCONEL, The metal-containing material of HASTELLOY etc., containing ceramic material etc..

It should be appreciated that numerous embodiments proposed in this paper are suitable for any kind of fuel and oxidant (such as oxygen Gas), wherein such fuel may include diesel oil, jet fuel, gasoline, crude oil or refining petroleum, petroleum distillate, hydrocarbon (example Such as straight-chain hydrocarbons, branched-chain hydrocarbons or cycloalkane, aromatic hydrocarbons), oxygenatedchemicals (such as alcohols, esters, ethers, ketone), compression it is natural Air-liquid liquefied oil gas, bio-fuel, biodiesel, bio-ethanol, synthetic fuel, hydrogen, ammonia etc. or their mixture.

In addition, with reference to compression ignition engine (such as diesel engine) to numerous embodiments proposed in this paper into Description is gone, however, these embodiments can be applied to any combustion technology, such as direct injection ic engine, other compression ignitions Engine, spark ignition engine, gas-turbine unit, Industrial Boiler, any burning drive system etc..

In addition, other than reducing the generation of soot, numerous embodiments proposed in this paper can also reduce other not phases The discharge of the combustion product of prestige.For example, if during burning going out at the pore of conduit (such as pore 153 of conduit 150) At mouthful or place gets out the local premixed mixture with correct fuel-unstripped gas distribution ratio downstream, then can reduce Nitric oxide (NO), other compounds comprising nitrogen and oxygen, unburned hydrocarbon (HC) and/or carbon monoxide (CO) Discharge.

Figure 10 to Figure 13 and Figure 20 shows the part premix being related to being formed with certain fuel-unstripped gas distribution ratio Mixture is closed to reduce the Soot Formation object and/or other undesirable emissions that are formed in combustion to the maximum extent Illustrative methods.Although this method is shown and described as a series of actions executed in order it should be appreciated that and consciousness It is not limited to this method by generic sequence.Such as some action can according to order different described herein into Row.In addition, an action can be carried out at the same time with another action.In addition, in some cases, it may not be necessary to everything To realize approach described herein.

Figure 10 shows the method 1000 of the mixing for improving fuel before combustion.At 1010, conduit is positioned And/or it is calibrated to close to the aperture in the top end of fuel injector.Conduit can be hollow tube, with what is formed by outer wall Inner orifice.As previously mentioned, by guiding fuel that the inner orifice of conduit, unstripped gas is passed through to be inhaled into conduit while turbulent flow occurs Mixing, to generate the local premixed mixture for leaving conduit, which forms minimum during burning Soot and/or undesirable emission or do not form soot and/or undesirable emission.As above it is further described that Several holes can be formed in the outer wall, to help to suck more unstripped gas from combustion chamber, changed to contribute to form to have Into fuel-unstripped gas distribution ratio local premixed mixture.

At 1020, fuel can be sprayed by fuel injector, and wherein fuel passes through aperture and enters the pipe of conduit Kong Zhong.Fuel passes through conduit that fuel is caused to be mixed with the unstripped gas being inhaled into pore, so that mixed-level can form institute Local premixed mixture needing, with improved fuel-unstripped gas distribution ratio.

At 1030, leave conduit, local premixed mixture with improved fuel-unstripped gas distribution ratio can be with It is lighted a fire according to the operation of internal combustion engine.With the burning of the mixture by " overrich " used in general internal combustion engine or burner The a greater amount of undesirable emissions formed are compared, the lighting of the mixture being locally pre-mixed result in micro soot or Do not form soot.

Figure 11 is shown at least one conduit to be positioned at fuel injector to be attached to the method in combustion chamber 1100.At 1110, the opening that at least one conduit can be positioned proximate at the top end of fuel injector.In an embodiment In, fuel injector can be placed in sleeve to form component so that first end of the top end of fuel injector from sleeve It is prominent.Above-mentioned at least one conduit can be attached to the first end of sleeve so that at least one catheter calibration is to work as Fuel jet passes through the pore in conduit when fuel jet passes through the corresponding opening in fuel injector.At least one conduit can It is attached to the end of the first sleeve with (such as welding, mechanical attachment etc.) by any suitable technology.

At 1120, the component including fuel injector, sleeve and at least one conduit can be placed on opening for cylinder head In mouthful, plane P-P as desired relative to the flame plate surface of cylinder head is enable to by the top end of fuel injector It is positioned to be further formed a part for combustion chamber at least one conduit.

Figure 12 shows the method for being positioned at least one conduit on the fuel injector being incorporated in combustion chamber 1200.At 1210, fuel injector can be placed in the opening of cylinder head, be enable to as desired relative to gas The plane P-P of the flame plate surface of cylinder cap positions the top end of fuel injector.Cylinder head, in conjunction with piston top and cylinder holes Wall forms combustion chamber.

At 1220, at least one conduit can be attached to the top end of fuel injector or make at least one conduit close to combustion The top end of material ejector, so as to the fuel relative to the opening injection of each of top end from fuel injector about each school The direction of travel of accurate conduit positions and/or calibrates at least one conduit.

Figure 13 shows the method 1300 for guiding the formation of fuel injector top end split shed using conduit. At 1310, conduit is located at the top end of fuel injector, wherein conduit can be positioned so that abutting top end, or be positioned in First (proximal end) of conduit has clearance G between end and top end.Conduit can be waited for spraying from fuel injector according to fuel into Enter into combustion chamber the direction and calibrate, such as conduit is in θ ° with the plane P-P of the flame plate surface relative to combustion chamber Angle and calibrate.

At 1320, opening can be formed in the top end of fuel injector.As previously mentioned, conduit can be used for guide opening Formation.For example, if opening waits for being formed by EDM, the pore of conduit can be used for EDM electrode being directed to fuel injection The point to be formed for having opening on the top end of device.It can then be formed and be open according to standard EDM processes.Therefore, opening is formed in At desired position, for example, relative to formed conduit pore profile circle center and be placed in center.In addition, the wall of opening It can for example be calibrated to and be parallel to center lineSo that can be in the pore along the fuel jet that the pore of conduit sprays It is inside centrally located, to make fuel and be maximized from the mixing between the unstripped gas that combustion chamber sucks.

It carries out about the experiment for measuring the vehement light of soot, the vehement light representations of soot are worked as injects fuel into combustion chamber using conduit Whether LLFC is realized when middle.In an experiment, LLFC is achieved, such as does not form the chemical reaction of soot in entirely burning thing Continued in part.Using OH* chemiluminescences come measure flame praise length (such as fuel injector openings (aperture) and from Axial distance between dynamic ignition zone).OH* is generated when high-temperature chemical reaction occurs for engine interior, and it is most Upstream position indicates the axial distance of burning place from injector to fuel, such as praises length.

The condition during experiment is shown in table 1.

Table 1:The operating condition of combustion chamber

Free propagation jet stream (" free jet ") flame of benchmark to showing the vehement optical signal saturation degree of high soot carries out Observation, to show to produce a large amount of soot in the case where conduit is not placed in position.Next, being penetrated to what is conveyed with conduit The burning of stream is studied.A variety of conduit diameters and catheter length are tested, including about 3mm, about 5mm and about 7mm are led Bore, and about 7mm, about 14mm and about 21mm catheter length.

Then using with above in relation to described in free jet identical image-forming condition and similar operating condition carry out this The jet stream that kind conduit conveys is tested, and the wherein non-tapered steel conduit of 3mm internal diameters × 14mm long is positioned in injector downstream At about 2mm (such as clearance G=about 2mm).The vehement optical signal of soot shows almost unsaturation, this shows to produce minimum soot (if any).When being moved axially across combustion chamber using Postductal flame, it is unfolded simultaneously using Postductal flame It is wide unlike the free jet flame in benchmarks.Combustion flame is around center lineBetween two parties, this is because being caused by conduit Mixing (as previously described) with further conduit heat transmit generate effect be combined caused by.Conduit is less than burning It is run at a temperature of environmental condition (such as 950K) in room, therefore, conduit enables the fuel of injection than free jet (such as in pore of conduit) advances in the case where will being undergone in flame lower temperature environment.

The turbulivity generated during fuel flows through conduit is by determining the thunder for the condition in the pore of conduit Promise number (Re) calculates.According to equation 1:

Wherein ρ is ambient density, and V is speed, and L is conduit diameter, and μ is Dynamic Viscosity.Speed V is according to equation Formula 2 calculates:

Wherein p_injFor fueling injection pressure, p_ambFor environmental pressure, and ρ_fFor the density of fuel.By operating condition application In equation 1 and equation 2, generated Reynolds number is at least 1 × 10⁴, to show that there are turbulence states in conduit.

As previously mentioned, for example due to office that the fuel jet 185 of the high speed by injection creates near duct entry Portion's low pressure, turbulent flow of the fuel jet 185 through conduit 150 make fuel jet 185 and from the outside of conduit 150 (such as by Gap G and/or hole H₁-H_n) be inhaled into unstripped gas mixing.The turbulent closure scheme rate generated in conduit 150, which is considered, to be led The function of velocity gradient in pipe, by the center line fluid velocity divided by given axial positions with given axial positions Conduit diameter is generally proportionate.

Numerous embodiments proposed in this paper can be used in a variety of burner applications, and wherein burner may include pressure Point reduction fire (CI) reciprocating engine, spark ignition (SI) reciprocating engine, gas turbine (GT) engine, burner and pot Stove, well head/refinery's flare system etc..

Figure 14 shows the schematic diagram 1400 that the mixture by fuel and unstripped gas is lighted.As shown in figure 14, fuel injection Device 1410 is axially aligned with conduit 1420 along axis 1415, and wherein fuel 1430 is mixed with unstripped gas CG to form fuel/original Expect gas mixture 1440.The first end (proximal end) 1450 of conduit 1420 is positioned proximate to fuel injector 1410, and The second end (distal end) 1460 of conduit 1420 is positioned far from 1410 ground of fuel injector.Then fuel/unstripped gas is mixed Object 1440 is closed to be discharged into combustion chamber (according to numerous embodiments given herein) from distal end 1460.Fuel/unstripped gas Mixture is lighted a fire at position 1470 to form flame 1480, and the wherein positioning of position 1470 depends on where such as conduit The configuration of combustion chamber, fuel type, used firing technique (such as based on glow plug, spark plug, compression igniting) etc. The 1460 distance D12 of distal end of factor, wherein position 1470 and conduit 1420.As previously mentioned, conduit 1420 is in fuel Placement around 1430 jet stream can be used for improving and optimizing before ignition the degree of fuel/oxidant mixing, to generate Less emission, higher efficiency of combustion and improved flame holding.In one aspect, fuel/material gas mixture At the time of 1440 igniting is likely to occur in needed for the operation of the specific engines than using catheter type fuel injection techniques later At the time of.In an illustrative embodiments, late ignition may lead to the harmful operational effect in engine, for example, with not Using the engine increased noise in comparison of catheter type fuel injection techniques.Flame holder 1475 may be used as Figure 14 Shown in system a part.

As previously mentioned, numerous embodiments proposed in this paper can be used for CI reciprocating engines, wherein conduit (such as is led 1420) pipe 150 can be positioned/be calibrated to so that realizing Dang Liangbi &lt in igniting;2 fuel-material gas mixture, to prevent The formation of soot.In addition, for fuel/unstripped gas Hun Hebi <1 catheter configuration can also reduce the row of nitrogen oxides (NOx) Object is put, and reaches the side for making conduit (such as conduit 150,1420) prevent fuel jet (such as fuel jet 185,1430) The degree that over-mixed occurs, can also reduce HC and CO emissions.Less soot, HC and CO emissions correspond to higher Efficiency of combustion.As previously described (such as according to fig. 2), one or more fuel conductors can be set in the combustion chamber to improve CI hairs Motivation performance and the demand for reducing the exhaust gas secondary treatment system to costliness.Numerous embodiments can be applied to by such as a kind of or Multi liquid fuel, one or more gaseous fuels or both liquid fuel and gaseous fuel provide all size grades of fuel CI engines.

For SI reciprocating engines, in illustrative configuration, conduit (such as conduit 150,1420) can be arranged to make It obtains the fuel jet (such as fuel jet 185,1430) directly sprayed and first passes through conduit, and the then fuel at downstream Pass through above igniter so that the Dang Liangbi &lt for the fuel/material gas mixture lighted a fire;2, to prevent the formation of blocking cigarette.Such as Tab phenolphthaleinum pipe can be configured such that the Dang Liangbi &lt for the fuel/material gas mixture lighted a fire;1, then it can also reduce NO_XDischarge Object, and reach the degree that over-mixed occurs for the side for making conduit prevent fuel jet, it will equally reduce HC and CO emissions. Less soot, HC and CO emissions correspond to higher efficiency of combustion, and passively or actively adjustment catheter configuration with The best equivalent proportion for generating narrower range at igniter is set to reduce the changeability of burn cycle.It can be arranged in the combustion chamber One or more conduits are to improve SI engine performance and reduce the demand to expensive exhaust gas secondary treatment system.This configuration can To be applied to be carried by such as one or more liquid fuels, one or more gaseous fuels or both liquid fuel and gaseous fuel For the SI engines of all size grades of fuel.

For GT reciprocating engines, in illustrative configuration, conduit (such as conduit 150,1420) can be arranged to make The fuel jet (such as fuel jet 185,1430) that directly spray first passes through conduit, and then downstream (such as 1475) pass through above the igniter and/or flame holder at place so that the equivalent for the fuel/material gas mixture lighted a fire $ <1, to prevent the formation of blocking cigarette, reduction NOx emission and prevent the over-mixed for leading to HC and CO emissions.It is less Soot, HC and CO emissions correspond to higher efficiency of combustion, and passively or actively adjustment catheter configuration can be used for Enhance flame holding.One or more conduits can be set in the combustion chamber to improve GT engine performance and reduce exhaust gas row Put object.This configuration can be applied to by such as one or more liquid fuels, one or more gaseous fuels or liquid fuel The movable type of all size grades of fuel and fixed GT engines are provided with both gaseous fuels.

Application for burner and/or boiler, in illustrative configuration, conduit (such as conduit 150,1420) can be set It is set to so that the fuel jet (such as fuel jet 185,1430) directly sprayed first passes through conduit, and then in downstream Pass through above igniter and/or flame holder at (such as 1475) so that the fuel/air mixture lighted a fire has Required equivalent proportion.Passively or actively adjustment catheter configuration can be used for improving performance and flame holding.Narrow meter Fuel-rich mixture in amount range can be used for maximizing radiant heat transfer without generating excessive soot emissions object, and lean combustion mixes Object can be used for eliminating the formation of soot, reduce NOx emission, and reaches the both sides for making conduit prevent fuel jet and occur excessively Mixed degree can equally reduce HC and CO emissions.Less soot, HC and CO emissions are imitated corresponding to higher burning Rate.One or more conduits can be set in buner system to improve performance and reduce to expensive exhaust gas secondary treatment system Demand.This configuration can be applied to be fired by such as one or more liquid fuels, one or more gaseous fuels or liquid Both material and gaseous fuel provide the industrial burner and boiler of all size grades of fuel.

Catheter type ignition part can form a part for following burners, and the burner is flammable for being configured to make In the equipment that gas and other materials burn in gas torch operation (such as well head gas torch, refinery's gas torch). For well head/refinery's flare system application, in illustrative configuration, conduit (such as conduit 150,1420), which may be positioned so that, to be made The torch gas jet stream (such as fuel jet 185,1430) that directly spray first passes through conduit, and then downstream (such as 1475) pass through above the igniter and/or flame holder at place so that the Dang Liangbi &lt for the fuel/air mixture lighted a fire; 1, to prevent the formation of blocking cigarette, reduction NOx emission and prevent the over-mixed for leading to HC and CO emissions.It is passively or main Catheter configuration is adjusted dynamicly to can be used for enhancing flame holding.This configuration can be applied to the flare system behaviour of all sizes Make.

As described herein, catheter type fuel injection (DFI) can effectively enhance the point in the fuel jet directly sprayed The degree of fuel/unstripped gas premixing before fire.In one embodiment, catalysis material can be applied to one of conduit Or on multiple surfaces (such as inner surface) and/or could attach to conduit and/or be positioned at conduit upstream or downstream it is another In one feature (such as ring or bar).Catalysis material can be structured as shortening the partial pre-mix that in conduit and catheter downstream is formed The ignition delay time of mixture, to reduce the heat discharged during initially premixing automatic ignition event, to reduce it The noise that the middle CI engines (or other burners) using conduit generate.For some applications and/or operating condition, conduit The mixture of end (such as opening 158 at) vicinity igniting auxiliary may be needed to obtain best combustion system Energy.For example, if cycle changeability in the case of no igniting auxiliary under specified criteria is too big or if automatic Ignition delay time is long, then possible this thing happens.It can be combined with DFI and assist skill to propose high performance possible igniting Art include catalysis material, hot surface (such as glow plug), spark, plasma (hot plasma or nonequilibrium plasma), Laser ignition etc., wherein igniting accessory can be glow plug, spark plug, plasma torch, transmitting focusing laser beam swash Light device etc..Further, igniting accessory can manufacture the cati material of positioning thereon, wherein accessory of lighting a fire It can be relative to fuel/material gas mixture from the row of (for example, in the flow path of fuel/material gas mixture) of conduit It puts and positions, wherein the reaction by fuel/material gas mixture that catalysis material is easily achieved promotes fuel/unstripped gas The igniting of mixture.

In one embodiment, igniting accessory may include the material assisted for catalytic ignition, wherein catalytic site Fire auxiliary can be direct implementation, especially even more so with multiple conduits.Catalytic ignition assists Can be promote complete, passive solution catalysis material, such as catalytic ignition auxiliary need not to combustion system into Modification of the row in addition to installing catalytic member itself.These it is non-essential modification may include electrical system, cable distribution and/or Window, and these modification be affixed to ignition-assist apparatus itself (such as glow plug, spark plug, plasma generator or Laser).Including the component of catalysis material can be placed near the end of multiple conduits, and using multiple in combustion system Hot surface ignitor auxiliary device, spark ignition auxiliary device, plasma igniting auxiliary device or laser ignition auxiliary device can It can be extremely complex and/or expensive in itself.

In one embodiment, one layer of catalysis material (coat of catalysis material) can be applied to one or more of conduit A surface (such as inside diameter surface of conduit).The configuration 1500 of Figure 15 shows illustrative configuration, wherein this layer of catalysis material 1510 have been applied to conduit 1520 (for example, it is similar to conduit 1420).In one embodiment, this layer of catalysis material 1510 is applied It is added on downstream (distal end) end 1525 of conduit 1520.Catalysis material 1510 may include in the form of pure or be retained in Any suitable material in adhesive or other matrix, such as platinum metal, igniting promote material.Catalysis material 1510 can be with Be attached to during manufacture in conduit 1520 or its can after the fabrication, for example by plasma spray deposition, be used as painting Layer (washcoat) etc. is applied to conduit 1520.The interaction of fuel/material gas mixture 1440 and catalysis material 1510 can For shortening the firing delay of fuel/material gas mixture 1440, this is because catalysis material 1510 causes to lead to fuel/original The chemical reaction that the igniting ratio of material gas mixture 1440 occurs earlier in the system that catalytic ignition auxiliary is not used, such as schemed Shown in 15, wherein being happened at region 1530 (the distal end 1525 with conduit 1520 by means of the igniting that catalytic ignition assists Distance D13), then generate flame 1540, and without catalytic ignition auxiliary system in igniting at position 1470 (with lead The 1525 distance D12 of distal end of pipe 1520) (it is delayed by) occurs, and flame 1480 is generated, shown in dotted line.It urges Change coat 1510 may also help in and prevent from forming carbonaceous deposit on any component having been coated with and/or in the component having been coated with Object, because catalytic coated layer 1510 can help to burn up these deposits.

The configuration 1600 of Figure 16 shows another embodiment of the system assisted using catalytic ignition, wherein ring bodies 1610-- is formed with the radial symmetric axis and conduit that one layer of catalysis material 1615-- is positioned so that ring bodies 1610 thereon 1620 axis collinear, as shown in line 1630.In one embodiment, the layer of this layer of catalysis material 1615 can be located at inner surface On (surface of concentric surface, the inner ring of formation ring bodies 1610 in such as) so that when fuel/material gas mixture 1440 passes through When inner ring, catalysis material 1615 promotes the reaction in fuel/material gas mixture 1440.As shown in figure 16, ring bodies 1610 can Be placed on at 1625 distance D14 of the downstream of conduit 1620, wherein due to light a fire by being located on ring bodies 1610 Cati material 1615 and be promoted, so the igniting of fuel/material gas mixture 1440 is happened at region 1530, region The position 1470 that 1530 igniting than the system that no catalytic ignition assists occurs is closer to conduit 1620, such as by distance D15 and D12 Difference shown in, D15<D12.Ring bodies 1610 can by steel, INCONEL, HASTELLOY etc. metal-containing material, contain Ceramic material etc. is made.

The configuration 1700 of Figure 17 shows another embodiment of the system assisted using catalytic ignition, wherein one or Multiple bar 1710a-n-- are formed with one layer of catalysis material thereon -- it is placed on conduit 1720, such as bar 1710a-n is located at conduit 1720 downstream end (distal end) 1725 (to be protruded from this).Bar 1710a-n passes through the first proximal end respectively 1712a-n is attached to the downstream end 1725 of conduit 1720, and the second distal end 1714a-n of each bar 1710a-n is remote Downstream end 1725 from conduit 1720 and position.The phase of fuel/material gas mixture 1440 and the catalysis material of bar 1710a-n Interaction causes the igniting of fuel/material gas mixture 1440.With with Figure 15 and igniting similar mode depicted in figure 16, Ignition zone 1530 be located at the 1725 distance D16 of downstream end of conduit 1720 at, wherein distance D16 be less than away from generation it is non- It is catalyzed the distance D12 of the ignition zone 1470 of the igniting of assist type.

Another form of igniting auxiliary is hot surface ignitor auxiliary.In one embodiment, one or more hot surfaces Ignition-assist apparatus (such as glow plug) can be located in combustion chamber (such as combustion chamber 105) to promote by means of DFI configurations Thus igniting shortens firing delay and/or reduces the degree etc. of the Combustion fluctuation occurred in cycle of engine operation.Figure 18 Show that configuration 1800, wherein glow plug 1810 are located at the downstream of conduit 1820, such as the downstream end positioned at conduit 1820 At 1825.As shown, the heating top end 1830 of glow plug 1810 is located at the flow path of fuel/material gas mixture 1440 In so that the main shaft PA of glow plug 1810 intersects with the axis 1630 of conduit 1820, wherein hot glow plug end 1830 is used Make blunt body to stablize flame 1540.With with the discribed igniting similar modes of Figure 15 to Figure 17, ignition zone 1530 occur At the 1825 distance D17 of downstream end with conduit 1820, wherein distance D17 is less than away from the point that non-catalytic assist type occurs The distance D12 of the ignition zone 1470 of fire.Glow plug 1810 and associated control electronics can be finished product CI engines In to assisted engine cold start-up any kind of electronic equipment, or can further combined with design strengthen to improve The performance of glow plug in DFI applications.

In another embodiment, one or more spark plugs may be mounted in combustion system to promote DFI configurations In igniting (such as spark ignition auxiliary).In this embodiment, spark plug can be in a manner of similar to glow plug 1810 It places, wherein the spark plug gap of spark plug is set relative to the conduit outlet in the downstream stream of the pre-mixed gas sent out from conduit It is set to so that pre-mixed gas passes through spark gap and can be appropriate fixed by the one or more occurred at spark gap When spark discharge light a fire.Spark plug gap can be located at similar to the heating top end 1830 of glow plug shown in Figure 18 1810 Position at, thereby assist in and light fuel/unstripped gas at the 1825 distance D17 of downstream end with conduit 1820 and mix Object 1440, wherein D17<D12.Spark plug and associated control electronics can be any to be used in finished product SI engines The electronic equipment of type, or can strengthen further combined with design to improve the performance of the spark plug in DFI applications.

In another embodiment, one or more plasmatorch may be mounted in combustion system to promote DFI configurations In igniting (such as plasma igniting auxiliary), the wherein first end transmitting plasma jet stream of plasmatorch.In the reality It applies in mode, plasmatorch can be placed in a manner of similar to glow plug 1810, and the first end of wherein plasmatorch is opposite The downstream end 1825 of conduit 1820 in being flowed in the downstream of fuel/material gas mixture 1440 is positioned to so that fuel/original Expect that gas mixture 1440 passes through plasma jet and by one or more properly timed plasma jet emissions It lights.The first end of plasmatorch can be located at position identical with the heating top end 1830 of glow plug 1810, thus have Help light fuel/material gas mixture 1440 at the 1825 distance D17 of downstream end with conduit 1820.Plasma Jet stream can be any suitable technology, such as hot plasma or nonequilibrium plasma.

In another embodiment, it focuses laser beam and may be mounted in combustion system the igniting promoted in DFI configurations (such as laser ignition auxiliary).Figure 19 is shown lights the configuration 1900 of fuel/material gas mixture using laser beam is focused. Laser 1910 can be located at behind window 1912, and wherein window 1912 is located in side wall 115 or the cylinder head 125 of combustion chamber. Laser 1910 it is so structured that transmitting with enough energy focusing pulse laser beam 1915 (such as laser beam of convergence) with Spark is generated at the focus 1918 (also referred to as stage casing) of laser, can promote fuel/material gas mixture to generate The ion and free radical of 1440 igniting.As shown in figure 19, pulse laser beam 1915 will be located at the axis of conduit 1820 at it 1630 nearby and at the stage casing 1918 of the downstream end 1825 of conduit 1820 located slightly downstream generate spark.One or more A laser pulse 1915 will be relative to fuel injection event timing, to promote to light a fire.The focus 1918 of laser beam 1915 can be with Be configured to generate at the position similar with the heating top end 1830 of glow plug 1810, thereby assist in under conduit 1820 Fuel/material gas mixture 1440 is lighted at trip 1825 distance D18 of end.Laser beam 1915 can be any suitable skill Art, such as laser diode, neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser.Timing controlled component 1950 can be used for controlling combustion The operation of material ejector driver 1960, and the operation of control laser 1910 can be further configured for so that pulse swashs Light beam 1915 can be controlled as with 1960 simultaneously operating of fuel injector driver to contribute to fuel/raw material as needed The igniting of gas mixture 1440, such as igniting is made to be happened at position 1530.Although it should be appreciated that be not shown in Figure 18, The operation that fuel flow rate and accessory of lighting a fire can be controlled using timing part, to help to assist by corresponding igniting Component (such as glow plug 1810, spark plug etc.) lights corresponding fuel/material gas mixture in desired locations.

1510/ downstream end 1525 of cati material, ring bodies 1610 and the catalysis material disposed thereon of conduit 1520, The focus etc. of the corresponding distal end 1714a-n of bar 1710a-n, the heating top end 1830 of glow plug 1810, laser beam 1918 Respective positions, such as position D13, D14, D15, D16, D17 and D18, it is so structured that help to realize corresponding igniting The required position in region 1530.These distances usually by fall diameter D2 in conduit 150 at end 158 downstream ten/ In the range of one to five times.

Figure 20 is shown for being lighted after fuel/material gas mixture the conduit discharge from positioned at combustion chamber The method 2000 of fuel/material gas mixture.At 2010, igniting accessory is positioned about the discharge end portion of conduit, wherein The conduit is located at fuel jet opening nearby and is directed at fuel jet opening.It is penetrated as previously mentioned, fuel is guided through fuel Stream opening, and mixed in the catheter with unstripped gas, then fuel/material gas mixture is discharged from the discharge end portion of conduit.Igniting Accessory may include any of the igniting for the fuel/material gas mixture for helping to be discharged from the discharge end portion of conduit Suitable device, material etc., such as glow plug, spark plug, equipped with the laser of the optical device to generate focusing laser beam Deng.In addition, the component that is formed by catalysis material or component with cati material disposed thereon can be about fuel/originals Material gas mixture is positioned from the discharge of conduit, wherein the fuel/material gas mixture being easily achieved by catalysis material Reaction promotes the igniting of fuel/material gas mixture.The component can detach (such as the ring-type including catalysis material with conduit Body), or one layer of catalysis material can be applied to conduit.

At 2020, the operation of igniting accessory can be controlled, with the discharge in fuel/material gas mixture from conduit End is easily achieved the igniting of fuel/material gas mixture when being discharged.For example, when igniting accessory is equipped with for generating When focusing the laser of the optical device of laser beam, can control laser makes it be run as pulse laser, to basis Following timing scheme emission energy pulse strings, wherein fuel/material gas mixture is discharged with the timing scheme from conduit.Another In one embodiment, when accessory of lighting a fire is plasma torch, operation can be controlled so that plasma torch is sequentially sent out Penetrate the plasma pulse string with the timing synchronization for the fuel/material gas mixture being discharged from conduit.In another embodiment, When accessory of lighting a fire is glow plug, glow plug can be controlled, glow plug is constantly generated heat and in fuel/unstripped gas Mixture is lighted when being discharged from conduit.In another embodiment, igniting accessory can be formed by catalysis material, should The reaction that catalysis material contributes in fuel/material gas mixture is to promote its igniting.As previously mentioned, can be by catalysis material knot It closes in conduit (such as being attached on conduit as material layer or by bar) or catalysis material and can be located at and detached with conduit On the component of ground positioning, on such as ring bodies, wherein fuel/material gas mixture is discharged from conduit and passes through the center of ring bodies Hole, and centre bore has the catalysis material being located therein.

Content already described above includes the example of one or more embodiments.It is, of course, not possible in order to describe State aspect and to each of above structure or method it is contemplated that modification and alternative solution be described, but the common skill in this field Art personnel will recognize that many other modifications and displacement of various aspects are possible.Therefore, described aspect is intended to Including falling into all such alternative solutions, modification and remodeling in the spirit and scope of appended claims.In addition, when detailed When using term " comprising " in thin explanation or claims, the term with term "comprising" similar mode to mean to include Property, as being explained when being used as transitional word in the claims such as "comprising".

Claims

1. a kind of fuel injection system, including:

Fuel injector, the fuel injector include the first opening, and wherein fuel is injected through first opening and enters In combustion chamber;

The conduit formed by hollow tube, wherein the conduit is calibrated to so that leaving described the first of the fuel injector The fuel of opening is injected through the hollow tube and enters in the combustion chamber;And

Igniting accessory, the igniting accessory are positioned at the discharge end portion of the conduit, wherein the igniting assists Component is configured for lighting the fuel for leaving the conduit.

2. fuel injection system according to claim 1, wherein the igniting accessory includes catalysis material, described Catalysis material is configured to light the fuel for leaving the conduit.

3. fuel injection system according to claim 2, wherein the igniting accessory be include the catalysis material Ring bodies, the ring bodies is aligned with the discharge end portion of the conduit so that fuel leaves the conduit and passes through The ring bodies.

4. fuel injection system according to claim 2, wherein the catalysis material is positioned at the inner surface of the conduit On.

5. fuel injection system according to claim 2 further comprises the discharge end portion for being connected to the conduit Bar, the bar be coated with the catalysis material.

6. fuel injection system according to claim 1, wherein the igniting accessory is laser, the laser Device is configured to radiating laser beams to leaving in the path of the fuel of the conduit.

7. fuel injection system according to claim 1, wherein the igniting accessory is glow plug, the electric heating Plug includes heating top end, wherein the heating top end is positioned away from the path of the fuel of the conduit.

8. fuel injection system according to claim 1, wherein the igniting accessory is spark plug, the spark Plug includes spark plug gap, wherein the spark plug gap is positioned away from the path of the fuel of the conduit.

9. fuel injection system according to claim 1, wherein the igniting accessory is positioned at and the conduit The discharge end portion is at desired distance, to help to light fuel in desired locations.

10. a kind of method for lighting the mixture including fuel and unstripped gas, the method includes:

Opening of the fuel in fuel injector is sprayed, the opening is positioned in combustion chamber;

So that sprayed fuel is mixed in the catheter with unstripped gas, wherein the conduit include hollow tube and be calibrated to so that The fuel sprayed travels across the hollow tube, and fuel passes through the hollow tube to make the combustion in the hollow tube The mixture of material and unstripped gas generates turbulent flow and the unstripped gas being present in the combustion chamber is made to be inhaled into the hollow tube In, to make sprayed fuel be mixed with the unstripped gas;And

By lighting a fire, accessory lights the mixture including fuel and unstripped gas.

11. according to the method described in claim 10, wherein, the igniting accessory includes catalysis material, the catalysis material Material is configured to light the fuel for leaving the conduit.

12. according to the method for claim 11, wherein the igniting accessory is the ring-type for including the catalysis material Body, the ring bodies are aligned with the discharge end portion of the conduit so that fuel leaves the conduit and passes through the ring bodies.

13. according to the method for claim 11, wherein the catalysis material is positioned on the inner surface of the conduit.

14. according to the method for claim 11, further comprising the bar for the discharge end portion for being connected to the conduit, institute It states bar and is coated with the catalysis material.

15. according to the method for claim 11, wherein the igniting accessory is laser, the laser configuration For will be in radiating laser beams to the path for the fuel for leaving the conduit.

16. according to the method for claim 11, wherein the igniting accessory is glow plug, and the glow plug includes Top end is heated, wherein in the path for the fuel that the heating top end is positioned away from the conduit.

17. according to the method for claim 11, wherein the igniting accessory is spark plug, and the spark plug includes Spark plug gap, wherein the spark plug gap is positioned away from the path of the fuel of the conduit.

18. a kind of fuel injection system, including:

Fuel injector, the fuel injector includes the first opening and the second opening, wherein the first fuel jet is sprayed and worn It crosses first opening to enter in combustion chamber, and the second fuel jet is injected through second opening and enters the burning In room;

First conduit, first conduit are formed by the first hollow tube, wherein first catheter calibration is to leave institute First fuel jet for stating the first opening is injected through first hollow tube and enters in the combustion chamber;

Second conduit, second conduit are formed by the second hollow tube, wherein second catheter calibration is to leave institute Second fuel jet for stating the second opening is injected through second hollow tube and enters in the combustion chamber;

First igniting accessory, the first igniting accessory are positioned at the discharge end portion of first conduit, wherein The first igniting accessory is configured to light the fuel for leaving first conduit;And

Second igniting accessory, the second igniting accessory are positioned at the discharge end portion of second conduit, wherein The second igniting accessory is configured to light the fuel for leaving second conduit.

19. fuel injection system according to claim 18, wherein the first igniting accessory includes the first catalysis Material part, first catalysis material part are configured to light the fuel left described in first conduit;And

The second igniting accessory includes the second catalysis material part, second catalysis material part be configured to light from Open the fuel of second conduit.

20. fuel injection system according to claim 18, wherein first conduit and second conduit with it is described Fuel injector is integral.