CN108699940A - 确定scr还原剂添加装置的操作的方法 - Google Patents

确定scr还原剂添加装置的操作的方法 Download PDF

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CN108699940A
CN108699940A CN201680071352.3A CN201680071352A CN108699940A CN 108699940 A CN108699940 A CN 108699940A CN 201680071352 A CN201680071352 A CN 201680071352A CN 108699940 A CN108699940 A CN 108699940A
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temperature
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CN108699940B (zh
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M·A·P·赛克斯
S·R·潘特尼
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Delphi International Operations Luxembourg SARL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
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    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/05—Systems for adding substances into exhaust
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F01N2610/146—Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/18—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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Abstract

一种在包括适于向排气管线中喷射液态还原剂的还原剂喷射器的选择性催化还原添加系统中分析通过喷射器的还原剂流量的方法，该方法包括：i)确定在激活所述喷射器之前喷射器的温度的量度；ii)激活所述喷射器；iii)确定在所述激活之后喷射器的温度的量度；iv)通过分析在所确定的温度量度的变化或变化率或曲线，分析随着所述激活而产生的通过所述喷射器的还原剂的流量。

Description

确定SCR还原剂添加装置的操作的方法
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于向内燃发动机的废气流中添加反应物(通常是还原剂，诸如尿素)的系统，具体地，涉及一种车辆(诸如柴油车)中的选择性催化还原添加(dosing)系统。该系统在确定反应物添加中的问题方面有特别的应用(例如尿素喷射器)。
背景技术
在车辆中使用诸如选择性催化还原(SCR)添加系统的反应物添加系统以减少废气流中的诸如氮氧化物(NOx)的排放物。
已知的SCR添加系统将诸如尿素的反应物(还原剂)添加到废气流中。尿素转化为有助于转化NOx气体的氨。该系统包含尿素容器、尿素输送模块(UDM)和将尿素供给到尿素喷射器的供给管线。UDM可以与尿素容器相邻或安装在尿素容器上。尿素喷射器用于将尿素喷射至排气管线中。UDM可以集成各种组件和传感器，泵、过滤器、加热器、温度传感器、质量传感器以及尿素液位传感器。通常，喷射器经由冷却液所经过的冷却系统冷却，例如，在喷射器周围的套管(jacket)中。因此，尿素从尿素容器经由UDM和供给管线输送至包含螺线管喷射器的添加喷射器模块。
通常，尿素(添加)喷射器包含螺线管操作的尿素喷射器，该喷射器包括致动器线圈；这种喷射器通常按照与燃料喷射器类似的方式工作。
喷射器可以具有冷却系统，即，通过使邻近于喷射器的冷却液(诸如水)流过，例如经由冷却套管。因此，在已知的SCR添加系统中，加压的尿素被供应至可被液体(例如水)冷却的(添加)喷射器。
还原剂(尿素)喷射器可能会堵塞。因此，由于喷射器形成堵塞的喷嘴孔而存在故障的可能性，例如由于在喷嘴孔上形成的尿素结晶沉淀或排气沉淀。在这种情况下，因为喷射器阀以通常方式移动，所以喷射器的电流曲线，也就是通过尿素喷射器线圈端子的电流不受影响。因此，当试图确定喷射器喷嘴是否堵塞时，不能依赖经由检测阀的移动来对此检测。
一些尿素/还原剂供应系统也许能够检测通过的流量不足；然而大多数系统不能检测由于堵塞的喷嘴/孔造成的流量不足。
本发明的目的是确定还原剂(例如尿素)喷射的问题。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种对还原剂(尿素)喷射器中的堵塞的喷嘴的指示。
发明内容
在本发明的一个方面中，提供了一种在包括还原剂喷射器的选择性催化还原添加系统中分析通过喷射器的还原剂流量的方法，所述还原剂喷射器适于向排气管线中喷射液态还原剂，该方法包括：
i)确定在激活所述喷射器之前所述喷射器的温度的量度；
ii)激活所述喷射器；
iii)确定在所述激活之后所述喷射器的温度的量度；
iv)通过分析所述确定的温度的量度的变化，分析随着所述激活而产生的通过所述喷射器的还原剂的流量。
在步骤iv)中，可以通过比较所述变化与所述激活之后喷射器温度的所述量度的预期变化，对流量进行分析
步骤iv)可以包括比较激活喷射器之后确定的温度量度的曲线与激活之后的喷射器的温度量度的预期或已知曲线。
在步骤iv)中，优选地确定激活之前和之后的时间点处的温度量度的变化。将温度量度的所述变化与激活之后所述温度的量度的预期变化进行比较。
温度量度的所述变化可以根据量度的最大值与最小值之间的差来确定。
从步骤i)和iii)中可以确定喷射器温度量度对时间的变化率。
所述变化率可以与预期变化率进行比较。
所述变化率可以在所述时间周期内根据温度量度的最大值和最小值确定，反之亦然。
喷射器可以由冷却系统冷却，该冷却系统包含邻近于喷射器流过的冷却液。
喷射器温度的量度可以由与喷射器、喷射器线圈相邻的温度传感器或冷却剂的温度确定。
附图说明
现在将通过示例的方式并参考以下附图对本发明进行描述，其中：
图1示出在喷射事件期间，跨螺线管致动的尿素喷射器的线圈的电压和通过的电流的图；
图2示出关于尿素喷射事件的尿素喷射器线圈随时间的温度曲线(顶部)，并且底部的图示出来自/经过喷射器的尿素流量曲线；
图3比较了在工作循环期间堵塞的和正常运行的还原剂喷射器的温度曲线；
图4比较了正常运行的和部分堵塞的喷射器的线圈温度曲线；以及
图5比较了在喷射循环期间正常运行的喷射器和堵塞的喷射器的温度曲线的温度斜率(变化率)。
现有技术
已知在喷射事件期间，利用反馈电流信号来检测和分析SCR喷射器的喷射操作。这可以通过查看流经喷射器的螺线管致动器线圈的电流以检测阀的移动来执行。例如，喷射器螺线管驱动波形中的弯折点将给出阀的事件的信息。
还已知在喷射事件期间，可以利用来自喷射器线圈端子的反馈电流来检测SCR喷射器线圈的温度。此方法通过分析流经喷射器线圈的电流来估算线圈电阻。基于电阻的变化计算出所述温度。通常，后一种方法的电流在最大电流点处确定。图1示出了跨螺线管致动的尿素喷射器线圈的电压和通过的电流的图。
具体实施方式
在根据本发明一个方面的简单示例中，对通过尿素喷射器的还原剂(诸如尿素)的流量的诊断是通过获得SCR线圈或喷射器的温度(或温度曲线)的量度，或分析SCR线圈或喷射器的温度(或温度曲线)变化来确定的，该温度(或温度曲线)是还原剂(诸如尿素)流经喷射器(例如，在喷射事件期间)的冷却效果的结果，并且将该温度(或温度曲线)与已知或预期的线圈温度(或喷射事件期间的温度曲线)进行比较。
温度可以通过设置位于喷射器上或邻近喷射器(尤其是喷射器线圈)的温度传感器来确定。另选地，可以通过测量在喷射器冷却系统中流动(例如，在冷却套管中流动)的冷却剂的温度来提供估计。
图1示出跨螺线管致动的尿素喷射器的线圈的电压和通过的电流的图。
图2示出关于尿素喷射事件的尿素喷射器线圈随时间的温度曲线(顶部)，并且底部的图示出来自/经过喷射器的尿素流量曲线；如图所示，当尿素喷射时，尿素流经喷射器，从而使线圈冷却。
喷射器可以通过流经冷却剂套管的冷却剂冷却。当喷射器中没有尿素流动时，喷射器线圈被加热至在冷却剂套管中流动的冷却剂的温度。
应注意，向喷射器供应还原剂(诸如尿素)的温度(即，流入尿素温度)通常不同于(通常低于)线圈或冷却剂的温度。
图3比较了在工作循环(即，喷射事件)期间，堵塞(例如，具有堵塞的喷嘴)的喷射器和正常运行的喷射器的温度曲线。
可以看出，假设供应给喷射器的尿素/还原剂比喷射器的温度低，在该喷射器的情况下，观察不到冷却效果。
进一步地，也可以凭借降低的尿素冷却流来检测部分堵塞的喷嘴。图4比较了正常运行的喷射器和部分堵塞的喷射器的喷射器线圈的温度曲线(在喷射循环期间)。可以看出，在存在堵塞的喷嘴处，尿素/还原剂流的冷却效果降低。
本领域技术人员应理解，有各种方式可以利用线圈温度曲线来确定是否存在流的阻抗。
一种措施可以是确定两点(诸如最高温度与最低温度)之间的绝对温降；这在图5中针对两种情况示出，B)正常运行的喷射器以及A)具有(部分/完全)堵塞的喷嘴的喷射器。两种情况下在喷射事件(或喷射激活，因为完全阻塞的喷嘴不能喷射尿素)之后的绝对温降分别由箭头B和A示出。
在另选方法中，确定喷射器温度随时间的变化(即，斜率)。该方法可以在选择的或合适的时间点执行，并且优选地在喷射/激活循环期间从最高温度到最低温度的点执行，即，查看图5所示在喷射循环中从最高温度到最低温度的斜率；未堵塞或部分堵塞的喷射器温度的斜率分别由B’和A’示出。
在另选方法中，可以使用基于进出线圈的热流的建模线圈温度，并且将该温度与来自喷射器中电流的测得线圈温度进行比较。

Claims (11)

1.一种在包括还原剂喷射器的选择性催化还原添加系统中分析通过所述喷射器的还原剂流量的方法，所述还原剂喷射器适于向排气管线中喷射液态还原剂，所述方法包括：
i)确定在激活所述喷射器之前所述喷射器的温度的量度；
ii)激活所述喷射器；
iii)确定在所述激活之后所述喷射器的温度的量度；
iv)通过分析所述确定的温度量度的变化，分析随着所述激活而产生的通过所述喷射器的还原剂的流量。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在步骤iv)中，通过对所述变化与所述激活之后所述喷射器温度量度的预期变化进行比较，对所述流量进行分析。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，步骤iv)包括对激活所述喷射器之后确定的温度量度的曲线与激活之后的喷射器温度量度的预期或已知曲线进行比较。
4.如权利要求1至3所述的方法，其中，在步骤iv)中，确定激活之前和激活之后的时间点处的温度量度的变化。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中，将温度量度的所述变化与激活之后的所述温度的量度的预期变化进行比较。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中，根据所述量度的最大值与最小值之间的差来确定温度量度的所述变化。
7.如权利要求1至6所述的方法，其中，根据步骤i)和iii)确定喷射器温度量度相对于时间的变化率。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，将所述变化率与预期变化率进行比较。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的方法，其中，在所述时间周期内根据温度量度的最大值和最小值确定所述变化率，或者反之亦然。
10.如权利要求1至9所述的方法，其中，所述喷射器由冷却系统冷却，所述冷却系统包含邻近所述喷射器流过的冷却液。
11.如权利要求1至10所述的方法，其中，所述喷射器的温度量度由与所述喷射器、喷射器线圈相邻的温度传感器或冷却剂的温度确定。
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