CN108696944B - Data transmission method based on rapid ACK (acknowledgement character) reply in wireless sensor network - Google Patents
Data transmission method based on rapid ACK (acknowledgement character) reply in wireless sensor network Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
- H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0078—Avoidance of errors by organising the transmitted data in a format specifically designed to deal with errors, e.g. location
- H04L1/0083—Formatting with frames or packets; Protocol or part of protocol for error control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
- H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using carrier sensing, e.g. as in CSMA
- H04W74/0816—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using carrier sensing, e.g. as in CSMA carrier sensing with collision avoidance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
- H04W76/28—Discontinuous transmission [DTX]; Discontinuous reception [DRX]
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and discloses a data transmission method based on quick response ACK in a wireless sensor network, wherein in an initialization stage, a node establishes an adjacent node information table; after initialization is finished, the node is in a sleep/wake-up duty ratio working mode, enters a network with the identity of a receiving party after each wake-up, turns on a wireless transceiver module and sends Beacon, and rapidly replies ACK when receiving a data frame within a specified time, or goes to sleep; when the node has data to send, the node enters the network by the identity of the sender, after receiving the Beacon of the target node, the node sends the data frame to the target node by CSMA back-off competition, and determines the mode of the self-competition channel according to whether the ACK of the target node is received and whether the ACK sent to the node is received. The invention reduces the possibility of packet collision during concurrent transmission in the network, thereby improving the channel utilization rate and increasing the network throughput.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a data transmission method based on quick response ACK in a wireless sensor network.
Background
Currently, the current state of the art commonly used in the industry is such that:the wireless sensor network is a multi-hop self-organizing network formed by a large number of sensor nodes in a wireless communication mode and is mainly used for monitoring a target area. In practical application, a sensor node needs to gather collected information to a data center, and therefore, a situation that a plurality of nodes compete to transmit a data frame to the same destination node may occur, which is called concurrent transmission. In concurrent transmission, the traditional channel competition adopts a CSMA mechanism, and in order to ensure reliable communication, the MAC layer of a receiver can reply ACK for confirmation after receiving the data frame of a sender. In the method for replying ACK, when a packet arrives, the destination node receives and analyzes the received data frame, and then notifies the M of the data frame receiving eventAnd the AC layer encapsulates the ACK frames layer by layer from the MAC layer through a software protocol stack of the sensor node, and the bottom layer can start to send the ACK only after the ACK frames are loaded into a sending buffer TXFIFO of the CC 2420. The common ACK replying method realized in a software mode can carry useful information in the replied ACK to control the communication among the nodes in the wireless sensor network. The sensor node also supports a method for replying the ACK by hardware, and after the target node analyzes the MAC frame head frame control field of the data frame, if the received data frame requires to reply the ACK, the ACK framing is realized by the hardware, and the ACK is sent out after the SFD falling edge of the data frame is received. The method for replying the ACK by the hardware saves the delay caused by software execution, has short ACK replying time, and can effectively avoid collision between the replied ACK and data frames sent by other competitors.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:
(1) in the common method for replying the ACK, due to software delay caused by analyzing the data frame, packaging the ACK frame and loading the ACK frame into TXFIFO of the CC2420, the replying time of the ACK is long, so that the ACK replied by a receiver is likely to collide with the data frames being sent by other competitors, all the competitor data frames are failed to be sent, and the delivery rate of the data packet is reduced; when a contender fails to send a data frame, if retransmission is performed subsequently, persistent collision in the network is likely to occur, and channel utilization rate and network throughput are reduced.
(2) In the method for hardware to reply the ACK, the ACK frame is automatically encapsulated by hardware, the ACK frame only contains the DSN serial number, but does not contain the source address information of the data frame received by the destination node, and further cannot carry other information in the ACK in a software manner, so that the communication between nodes in the wireless sensor network cannot be reasonably controlled by the ACK sent by the destination node, and further the problem of collision in the network cannot be solved.
The difficulty and significance for solving the technical problems are as follows:
in order to reduce packet collision during concurrent transmission in a network, the ACK reply time should be shortened as much as possible, so that software operations, such as software delay caused by parsing a data frame, encapsulating an ACK frame, and the like, should be reduced as much as possible; in the method for replying the ACK by the hardware, the ACK frame is encapsulated by the hardware, and the ACK frame is realized by a software mode if the ACK frame carries useful information, so that the replying time of the ACK frame is increased. Therefore, shortening the ACK reply time and carrying useful information in the ACK are not possible to achieve simultaneously.
The method for rapidly replying the ACK balances the contradiction between the ACK replying time and the useful information carried in the ACK, and realizes the ACK replying in a software mode by imitating a hardware ACK replying realization mechanism. The method for rapidly replying the ACK shortens the replying time of the ACK as much as possible, reduces the probability of packet collision in a network during concurrent transmission, and improves the utilization rate of a channel; meanwhile, useful information can be carried in the ACK, and the source address information carried in the ACK is utilized to schedule the competitor to participate in a competition mode from the perspective of the receiver, so that the conflict in the network is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a data transmission method based on quick ACK reply in a wireless sensor network.
The invention is realized in such a way that a data transmission method based on quick ACK reply in a wireless sensor network is provided, the data transmission method based on quick ACK reply in the wireless sensor network is characterized in that each node in the network passes through an initialization stage when being started, and an adjacent node information table is established; after initialization is finished, the node is in a sleep/wake-up duty ratio working mode, after each wake-up, the node enters a network with the identity of a receiver and sends Beacon, and if a data frame is received within a specified time, ACK is quickly replied, otherwise, the node sleeps; when the node has data to send, the node enters the network by the identity of the sender, after receiving the Beacon of the target node, the node sends the data frame to the target node by CSMA back-off competition, and determines the mode of the self-competition channel according to whether the ACK of the target node is received and whether the ACK sent to the node is received.
Further, the data transmission method based on the quick reply ACK in the wireless sensor network comprises the following steps:
step one, when each node in a network is started, establishing an adjacent node information table through an initialization stage;
after the initialization is finished, the node is in a sleep/wake duty ratio working mode; after each awakening, the node enters the network by the identity of the receiver, opens the wireless transceiving module and sends Beacon; then waiting for receiving data, if the node receives the data frame, quickly replying ACK, otherwise, turning to dormancy;
step three, when the node has data to send, the node enters the network by the identity of the sender, and after receiving the Beacon of the target node, the node sends a data frame to the target node through CSMA backoff competition; in a specified time, if the node receives the ACK replied to the node by the destination node, the node considers that the data transmission is successful, and the node sleeps; if the ACK of the destination node is received but not replied to the destination node, stopping the current competition, taking the ACK as a mark of a new round of competition, and restarting the competition; if the ACK of the destination node is not received within a period of time, the data transmission is considered to fail, and the node sleeps.
Further, in the first step, the nodes communicate by sending init _ beacon to establish an adjacent node information table; in the neighbor node information table, the attribute of each neighbor node includes a neighbor node number and its pseudo-random working parameter.
Further, in the second step, the node determines the self awakening time according to the self pseudo random working parameter, and sends Beacon after awakening so as to inform the potential sender that the node is in the working state and can receive the data frame; in the awakening time period, the node can quickly reply the ACK only after receiving the data frame, otherwise, if the Beacon sent by the adjacent node, the ACK replied by the adjacent node to other nodes and the data frame sent by the adjacent node to other nodes are received in the time period, the ACK does not need to be replied.
And further, the node in the third step is used as a sender, when sending data, the latest awakening time of the target node is predicted according to the pseudo-random working parameters of the target node in the established adjacent node information table, and the node wakes up at the predicted time to wait for receiving the Beacon of the target node.
Further, the method for quickly replying ACK in the second step specifically includes: the receiver analyzes two bits representing the packet type, namely 12 and 13, of a frame control field on the rising edge of the SFD of the received packet, and if the received packet is found to be a data frame, the source address information of the packet is obtained; on the SFD falling edge of the received data frame, the receiver addresses to the dest domain of the Beacon frame stored in the CC2420 sending buffer TXFIFO, and writes the source address information of the received data frame into the position of the dest domain through the SPI bus to finish the encapsulation of the ACK frame; triggering a gating command STXON by the node and sending ACK; and the receiving party continues to analyze the received data frame after sending the ACK.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a data transmission method based on fast reply ACK in the wireless sensor network.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are:
(1) compared with the common ACK replying method, the method for replying the ACK quickly reduces the ACK replying time from 2ms to 0.445ms, shortens the ACK replying time and reduces the packet collision during concurrent transmission.
(2) According to the data transmission method based on the quick response ACK, the source address information is carried in the ACK, extra communication overhead is not needed, the competition mode of a sender can be dispatched from the angle of a receiver, the delivery rate of the data packet is improved, and therefore the channel utilization rate is improved. Experiments on TELOSB sensor nodes show that compared with a common ACK reply mode, the data transmission method based on rapid ACK reply improves the data packet delivery rate from 67% to 94% under the scene of concurrent transmission of two nodes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting data based on fast reply ACK in a wireless sensor network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a load structure diagram of an init _ beacon frame sent by a node according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a neighbor node information table established by node No. 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a Beacon/ACK frame sent by a receiving side according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the payload content of the first Beacon sent when node 0 operates in the duty cycle mode according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a sub-flowchart of a sender in a data transmission process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a sub-flowchart of a receiving side in a data transmission process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a level change of an SFD pin when a CC2420 transceiver module receives a packet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a diagram of a frame control domain structure in a MAC frame header of an ieee802.15.4 standard frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 shows the payload content of the ACK frame from node 0 to node 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention aims to provide a data transmission method based on quick response ACK, which is used for reducing packet collision in a network, thereby improving the channel utilization rate and increasing the network throughput.
As shown in fig. 1, a data transmission method based on fast reply ACK in a wireless sensor network according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s101: when each node in the network is started, an adjacent node information table is established through an initialization stage;
s102: after the initialization is finished, the node is in a sleep/wake duty cycle working mode. After the node is awakened every time, the node is used as a receiving party, the wireless receiving and transmitting module is opened, and Beacon is sent immediately. Then waiting for receiving data, if the node receives a data frame within a period of time, quickly replying ACK, otherwise, turning to dormancy when the node arrives;
s103: when the node has data to send, the node is used as a sender, and after receiving the Beacon of the target node, the node sends a data frame to the target node through CSMA backoff competition. In a specified time, if the node receives the ACK replied to the node by the destination node, the node considers that the data transmission is successful, and the node sleeps; if the ACK of the destination node is received but not replied to the destination node, stopping the current competition, taking the ACK as a mark of a new round of competition, and restarting the competition; if the ACK of the destination node is not received within a period of time, the data transmission is considered to fail, and the node sleeps.
The application of the principles of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The data transmission method based on the quick response ACK in the wireless sensor network provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
1a) each node in the network, when started, goes through an initialization phase in which the node is always awake and sends an init _ beacon at each pseudo-random awake time. The structure of the init _ beacon frame load is shown in fig. 2, where lcg _ a, lcg _ c, and lcg _ m are respectively linear congruence multiple factors, an increment factor, and a modulus factor, random _ state is a current pseudo-random number seed of a node, that is, a current wake-up interval, nextWakeupTime is a current wake-up time of the node, and currentTime is a local time when the node sends an init _ beacon frame, and is used to calculate a local clock bias between nodes. In other time periods in the initialization phase, the node is in a listening state and is responsible for receiving init _ beacon of other nodes and establishing an adjacent node information table. The neighbor node information table includes information of all neighbor nodes of the node, as shown in fig. 3, which is a neighbor node information table established by the node No. 2 in a fully connected network with three nodes, where b is a local clock offset between the node No. 2 and the neighbor nodes. In this embodiment, the node 1 and the node 2 are two competing nodes participating in concurrent transmission, and the node 0 is a destination node.
2a) after each awakening, the node immediately sends Beacon to prepare for receiving data. Taking node 0 as an example, when node 0 enters the duty cycle operating mode, its pseudo-random operating parameters are lcg _ a ═ 1, lcg _ c ═ 7, lcg _ m ═ 1000, random _ state ═ 828, and nextWakeupTime ═ 4289. Based on these pseudo-random working parameters, the wakeup time of node 0 to the next time is 5624, at this time, random _ state of node 0 is 1335, and nextWakeupTime is 5624. After the node 0 wakes up at the time 5624, the wireless transceiver module is turned on to transmit a Beacon, for example, fig. 4 is a load structure diagram of the Beacon transmitted by the node, and fig. 5 is a load of the first Beacon transmitted when the node 0 operates in the duty cycle mode.
2b) As shown in fig. 6, after sending Beacon, node 0 waits for receiving a data frame and receives a packet within a specified time. The node No. 0 analyzes two bits representing packet types, namely 12 and 13, of a packet frame control field on the rising edge of the SFD of the received packet, finds that the received packet is a data frame, then obtains source address information, and finds that the received packet is the data frame sent by the node No. 1; the node 0 addresses the dest field of the Beacon frame stored in the CC2420 sending buffer TXFIFO when receiving the SFD falling edge of the node 1 data frame, writes the source address information of the received data frame into the position through the SPI bus, completes encapsulation of the ACK frame, the load content of the encapsulated ACK frame is as shown in fig. 10, and a dest field of 1 indicates that the ACK replied by the node 0 is a response to the data frame sent by the node 1.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a level change of an SFD pin when a CC2420 transceiver module receives a packet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a frame control domain in a MAC header of an ieee802.15.4 standard frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2c) After the ACK is replied to node 1, node 0 then parses the received data frame sent by node 1. After the analysis is finished, the data sent by the potential sender is continuously waited, at this time, a packet is received, and the data frame sent by the node 2 is found through the analysis, and then, as described in 2b), the ACK is quickly replied to the node 2.
2d) After the ACK is replied to node 2, node 0 then parses the received data frame sent by node 2. And continuing to wait for the data sent by the potential sender after the analysis is finished, wherein the node 0 is turned to be dormant after waiting for a period of time and turned to 2a) to wait for the next awakening because no node in the network needs to send the data to the node 0.
3a) when the node 1 and the node 2 have data frames to send to the node 0, firstly, the latest awakening time of the node 0 is predicted according to the pseudorandom working parameters of the node 0 in the adjacent node information table, and the node wakes up at the predicted time to wait for receiving the Beacon of the node 0. Taking node 2 as an example, node 2 wants to send data to node 0 at 5360, and calculates that node 0 wakes up at 6262 of its local clock according to the pseudo-random working parameters of node 0 and the local clock offset between node 0 and node 2 in the neighbor node information table established in fig. 3. Node 2 then wakes up at time 6262 of the local clock and waits to receive node 0's Beacon.
3b) As shown in fig. 7, after receiving the Beacon of node No. 0, node No. 1 and node No. 2 perform CSMA random back-off first, where the CSMA random back-off duration of node No. 1 is 3ms, and the CSMA random back-off duration of node No. 2 is 5 ms. After the node 1 retreats, the CCA detects that the channel is idle, data is sent to the node 0, the ACK replied to the node 0 is received, and the node 1 successfully transmits the data and turns to sleep. At this time, node 2 still performs CSMA backoff, and finds that the ACK replied from node 0 to node 1 is received, and then cancels the data transmission and restarts a new round of contention. At this time, only node 2 has one competition node in the network, so after node 2 sends data through CSMA backoff, it receives ACK replied by node 0, and the data transmission is successful and changes to dormancy.
Some of the terms above are explained as follows:
1) and (3) concurrent transmission: in the wireless sensor network, a plurality of nodes compete for transmitting data frames to the same destination node at the same time.
2) Competing nodes: and during concurrent transmission, all the sending nodes participating in competition.
3) ACK reply time: the receiving side receives the time required from the SFD falling edge of the data frame to the SFD rising edge of the ACK.
4) Neighbor node information table: the information set of all the adjacent nodes of one node is a two-dimensional table, and each row represents the information of one adjacent node.
5) Grouping: various types of data packets transmitted in the wireless sensor network include init _ Beacon, ACK, and data frames.
6) init _ beacon: the beacon frame which is sent by the node in the initialization stage and carries the self pseudo-random working parameters, and the control type information are sent in a broadcasting mode.
7) Beacon: when the node works in the duty ratio working mode, the transmitted beacon frame and the control type information are transmitted in a broadcasting mode.
8) And ACK: the acknowledgement frame and the control information are transmitted in a broadcast mode.
9) Data frame: the really useful information transmitted in the wireless sensor network is sent in a unicast way.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A data transmission method based on quick ACK reply in a wireless sensor network is characterized in that when each node in the network is started, an adjacent node information table is established through an initialization stage; after initialization is finished, the node is in a sleep/wake-up duty ratio working mode, after each wake-up, the node enters a network with the identity of a receiver and sends Beacon, and if a data frame is received within a specified time, ACK is quickly replied, otherwise, the node sleeps; when the node has data to send, the node enters the network by the identity of the sender, after receiving the Beacon of the target node, the node sends the data frame to the target node through CSMA backoff competition, and determines the mode of the self competition channel according to whether the ACK of the target node is received and whether the ACK sent to the node is received;
the data transmission method based on the quick response ACK in the wireless sensor network comprises the following steps:
step one, when each node in a network is started, establishing an adjacent node information table through an initialization stage;
after the initialization is finished, the node is in a sleep/wake duty ratio working mode; after each awakening, the node enters the network by the identity of the receiver, opens the wireless transceiving module and sends Beacon; then waiting for receiving data, if the node receives the data frame within the specified time, quickly replying ACK, otherwise, turning to dormancy when the node arrives;
step three, when the node has data to send, the node enters the network by the identity of the sender, and after receiving the Beacon of the target node, the node sends a data frame to the target node through CSMA backoff competition; in a specified time, if the node receives the ACK replied to the node by the destination node, the node considers that the data transmission is successful, and the node sleeps; if the ACK of the destination node is received but not replied to the destination node, stopping the current competition, taking the ACK as a mark of a new round of competition, and restarting the competition; if the ACK of the destination node is not received within a period of time, the data transmission is considered to fail, and the node sleeps;
in the second step, the node determines the awakening time of the node according to the pseudo-random working parameters of the node, and sends Beacon after awakening so as to inform a potential sender that the node is in a working state and can receive data frames; in the awakening time period, the node can quickly reply the ACK only after receiving the data frame, otherwise, if the Beacon sent by the adjacent node, the ACK replied by the adjacent node to other nodes and the data frame sent by the adjacent node to other nodes are received in the time period, the ACK does not need to be replied;
the method for rapidly replying the ACK specifically comprises the following steps: the receiver analyzes two bits representing the packet type, namely 12 and 13, of a frame control field on the rising edge of the SFD of the received packet, and if the received packet is found to be a data frame, the source address information of the packet is obtained; on the SFD falling edge of the received data frame, the receiver addresses to the dest domain of the Beacon frame stored in the CC2420 sending buffer TXFIFO, and writes the source address information of the received data frame into the position of the dest domain through the SPI bus to finish the encapsulation of the ACK frame; the receiving party triggers a gating command STXON and sends ACK; and the receiving party continues to analyze the received data frame after sending the ACK.
2. The method for data transmission based on quick reply ACK in wireless sensor network according to claim 1, wherein in the step one, the nodes communicate by sending init _ beacon to establish the neighbor node information table; in the neighbor node information table, the attribute of each neighbor node includes a neighbor node number and its pseudo-random working parameter.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the node in step three is used as a sender, and when sending data, the node predicts the latest wake-up time of the destination node according to the pseudo-random operating parameters of the destination node in the established neighbor node information table, wakes up at the predicted time, and waits for receiving the Beacon of the destination node.
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