CN108688792A - A kind of foldable propeller, power plant and unmanned plane - Google Patents

A kind of foldable propeller, power plant and unmanned plane Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108688792A
CN108688792A CN201810858052.0A CN201810858052A CN108688792A CN 108688792 A CN108688792 A CN 108688792A CN 201810858052 A CN201810858052 A CN 201810858052A CN 108688792 A CN108688792 A CN 108688792A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
blade
propeller
paddle seat
unmanned plane
power plant
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Pending
Application number
CN201810858052.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王利光
田裕夫
付鹏
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China Chengdu Dapeng Uav Technology Co Ltd
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China Chengdu Dapeng Uav Technology Co Ltd
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Application filed by China Chengdu Dapeng Uav Technology Co Ltd filed Critical China Chengdu Dapeng Uav Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN201810858052.0A priority Critical patent/CN108688792A/en
Publication of CN108688792A publication Critical patent/CN108688792A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/30Parts of fuselage relatively movable to reduce overall dimensions of aircraft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/04Helicopters
    • B64C27/08Helicopters with two or more rotors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/04Helicopters
    • B64C27/12Rotor drives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/32Rotors

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of foldable propeller, power plant and unmanned plane, the foldable propeller includes paddle seat and the blade that is installed on paddle seat, further includes axis pin and elastic component, and one end of the blade passes through axis pin and is articulated and connected with paddle seat;The both ends of the elastic component are respectively acting on paddle seat and blade.The foldable propeller is used for the power plant, and the power plant is used for the unmanned plane, and the structure design of the propeller can voluntarily recycle blade after revolution speed of propeller reduction, not only be conducive to the safety of propeller when unmanned plane landing in this way;The recycling of blade is inputted independent of external energy simultaneously;This propeller arrangement is simple simultaneously, light weight, reliability are high.

Description

A kind of foldable propeller, power plant and unmanned plane
Technical field
The present invention relates to aviation flight apparatus field, more particularly to a kind of foldable propeller, power plant and nobody Machine.
Background technology
In the prior art, the application field of unmanned plane is extremely extensive, is such as widely used in monitoring, investigation and survey field. Unmanned plane can substantially be divided into fixed-wing unmanned plane, unmanned helicopter, multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle and composite wing unmanned plane at present.Gu Determine wing unmanned plane and composite wing unmanned plane by wing generate aerodynamic lift, on voyage, speed, ceiling better than rotor class nobody Machine is more suitable for completing the tasks such as monitoring, investigation, mapping.
The power arrangement of fixed-wing unmanned plane and composite wing unmanned plane can be divided into:Preceding drawing, waist are pushed away and are pushed away with tail.Preceding granny rag office Limit very much the arrangement of task device:Preceding end spaces passive Force systems occupies and propeller rotational scope limitation photographic equipment regards Angle, tail feeding office will produce the excess weight of carrier.Waist motive force is it is possible to prevente effectively from the above problem, therefore in the prior art, waist Motive force distribution form is the preferred power arrangement form for completing the tasks unmanned planes such as monitoring, investigation, mapping.
And for the Design of Propeller of unmanned plane, winged propeller (horizontal power propeller) is especially put down, in the prior art, Thrust or direction of pull to make propeller generate can be changed, reduces the resistance etc. that propeller generates unmanned plane, the prior art In there is folding propeller.90 ° of progress on the basis of propeller Plane of rotation is realized as folded propeller in the prior art Rotary folding for rotor wing unmanned aerial vehicle portable;Screw blade is fixed on paddle folder, rotation realization up and down folding is pressed from both sides by paddle Overturning etc..
The structure design for advanced optimizing the propeller for unmanned plane is those skilled in the art's skill urgently to be resolved hurrily Art problem.
Invention content
It is those skilled in the art for the structure design for advanced optimizing the propeller for unmanned plane set forth above Technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily the problem of, it is described the present invention provides a kind of foldable propeller, power plant and unmanned plane Foldable propeller is used for the power plant, and the power plant is used for the unmanned plane, the structure design of the propeller Blade can be voluntarily recycled after revolution speed of propeller reduction, be not only conducive to the safety of propeller when unmanned plane landing in this way;Simultaneously The recycling of blade is inputted independent of external energy;This propeller arrangement is simple simultaneously, light weight, reliability are high.
The technological means of this programme is as follows, a kind of foldable propeller, including paddle seat and the blade that is installed on paddle seat, also Including axis pin and elastic component, one end of the blade is articulated and connected by axis pin and paddle seat;
And paddle seat, in rotation, the direction of motion of the installation point of paddle seat upper pin is conllinear with the axial direction of axis pin;
The both ends of the elastic component are respectively acting on paddle seat and blade, and the elastic component is by elastic-restoring force to blade Apply torque, the torque using axis pin is that shaft rotates for forcing blade, and rotation direction is to make the free end of blade to spiral shell Revolve the axis rotation of paddle.
Specifically, in the present solution, the installation point of the paddle seat upper pin is for installing the installation point of axis pin on paddle seat, As those skilled in the art, when propeller rotates, if define the above installation point be paddle seat on A points, cross A points do perpendicular to The cross section of propeller axis, using propeller axis position on cross section as the center of circle, distance is between the center of circle and A points Radius does circle, and gained circle is consistent with the direction of motion of A points this moment in the tangential direction of A points.
Meanwhile after the axis direction by limiting the axis pin, while the elastic component is set in this programme, this Sample, in propeller rotary course, with the raising of revolution speed of propeller, blade can overcome the elastic force of elastic component under centrifugal force and It is rotated around axis pin, if remaining 0 ° of folder when propeller is static between blade and propeller shaft under the action of the elastic member Angle, with the raising of revolution speed of propeller, the above angle constantly can be extended to 90 ° by 0 ° and be maintained at 90 ° of state, above procedure In, propeller can provide thrust or pulling force for unmanned plane.
And after cutting off to the input of the power of propeller, revolution speed of propeller constantly declines, and blade is in windage and elastic component It is rotated by shaft of axis pin under elastic-restoring force, rotates above the axis for making the free end direction of motion of blade towards propeller Line, in this way so that blade is recycled in the form of folding.
In this way, this programme is when applying on unmanned plane, voluntarily putting away the oars for blade on propeller can be realized by elastic component, The above resilient property put away the oars dependent on elastic component itself simultaneously, does not need other energy inputs, while as art technology Personnel, spring or air spring for either using spring steel to prepare in the prior art etc., all have simple in structure, light-weight The characteristics of, therefore the recyclable scheme of the above blade is not only simple in structure, at the same it is light-weight, and more simple structure is conducive to reduce spiral shell The failure rate of paddle is revolved, therefore present solution provides the high propeller schemes of a kind of simple in structure, light weight, reliability;Meanwhile especially It is the especially horizontal power propeller when unmanned plane lands, blade may be caused to contact to earth since the diameter of blade is excessive, in this way It is unfavorable for the propeller even safety of unmanned plane, periphery personnel, article when unmanned plane landing.Therefore it is directed to spiral in the prior art The size design of paddle needs to consider the installation site of the efficiency and propeller of propeller on unmanned plane.Using this programme, in nothing The deceleration of reduction propeller can be passed through before man-machine landing so that blade reduces the space ruler that blade is influenced during putting away the oars It is very little, reach conducive in unmanned plane descent safety, in design by increasing the length of blade improve propeller The purpose of efficiency.So that this propeller scheme especially suitable for fixed-wing unmanned plane, composite wing unmanned plane etc. using as press horizontal mobile Wrench of a force system paddle.
As a kind of above-described further technical solution of foldable propeller:The paddle seat is described in annular shape The piece number of blade is multi-disc, and blade annular is distributed on paddle seat;
Each blade is articulated and connected by an axis pin and paddle seat, and an elastic component is both provided between each blade and paddle seat.It adopts With this programme, avoidable propeller generates eccentric force during the work time and influences the stabilized flight of unmanned plane.Meanwhile with top Case makes each blade that can put away the oars by corresponding elastic component realization when revolution speed of propeller reduces.
Specific setting form as propeller:The paddle seat includes the pedestal in annulus and is arranged on pedestal multiple For realizing the mounting portion of blade installation, the quantity of the mounting portion is equal with the quantity of blade, and each mounting portion is used to install A piece of blade;
Multiple mounting portion annulars are distributed on pedestal;
The mounting portion includes two panels journal stirrup, and each journal stirrup is fixedly connected with pedestal, the two panels branch that each mounting portion includes Ear is in face relationship, and the pin hole for wearing axis pin is both provided on each journal stirrup, and two pin holes that each mounting portion includes are in face Relationship;
There is the clamping gap for accommodating blade tips between the two panels journal stirrup that each mounting portion includes;
After each blade is embedded in the clamping gap by one end for being connect with paddle seat, corresponding axis pin is inserted into pin Hole, and corresponding axis pin realizes the articulated connection blade and paddle seat across blade.In the present solution, passing through two on each mounting portion Pin hole on ear realizes the support to axis pin both ends, in this way, can optimize the stress of axis pin in use;Above scheme simultaneously Each component assembling of the propeller arrangement design composition propeller of offer is convenient.
Specific setting form and assembling form as elastic component:The elastic component is overall U-shaped torque spring, The torque spring includes the bottom edge as middle part and two sides as side section, is all had positioned at place on each side Helical ring between the both ends of side, and helical ring is coaxial on two sides;
The free end of the torque spring side is fixed on paddle seat, and the axis pin on each mounting portion is by torsion on each mounting portion Passed through in two helical rings of spring, on each mounting portion two helical rings of torque spring be respectively positioned on the clamping gap of each mounting portion with It is interior;
Holding tank is additionally provided on the inside of each mounting portion upper journal, the holding tank is for accommodating torque spring insertion clamping The paragraph in gap;
The bottom edge and corresponding blade phase separation.Using this programme, it is equivalent to one end of elastic component and the effect of paddle seat about Beam is in the clamping gap, while by the connection of helical ring and the fiting constraint elastic component and paddle seat of axis pin, in this way, reachable To the purpose conducive to elastic component assembly reliability in this programme;As those skilled in the art, the inside of the journal stirrup is The positive offside of two journal stirrups included by arbitrary mounting portion, while by being arranged holding tank in the inside of journal stirrup, while elastic component The paragraph for being installed as torque spring insertion clamping gap is embedded in the holding tank, in this way, can avoid the thickness shadow of torque spring Effective gripping width in clamping gap is rung in favor of the thickness of torque spring is rotated, can weakened in blade installation and the course of work It spends to the influence of gap width is clamped and reaches conducive to weakening torque spring to rotating institute in blade installation and the course of work Caused by influence;Meanwhile using torque spring as the elastic component, have be easy to materials, the cost of material is low, reliability is high, The characteristics of being easily installed and safeguarding.
As those skilled in the art, since this programme realizes that purpose is rotated dependent on blade by shaft of axis pin, simultaneously Resets of putting away the oars that blade is realized by elastic component is pretended as those skilled in the art, mounting portion provided above and blade and The fit form of mounting portion, the fit form actually only preferred embodiment, while above-described bullet of elastic component and mounting portion The both ends of property part, which are respectively acting on paddle seat and blade, can be divided into the effect of being in direct contact or indirectly-acting, such as be set as axis pin and paddle Leaf is fixedly connected, and one end of elastic component is directly connected on paddle seat, and it is the two of elastic component that the other end, which is directly connected on axis pin also, End is respectively acting on paddle seat and blade, i.e., actually blade be articulated and connected by axis pin and paddle seat be not limited to it is mentioned above The preferred embodiment of confession;And elastic component is normal spiral spring, above-mentioned mesh can be achieved in torque spring provided above, scroll spring 's.
Meanwhile this programme also discloses a kind of power plant, including driving portion and the spiral that is connected with driving portion output end Paddle, the foldable propeller that the propeller is provided by any one as above.To sum up, present solution provides a kind of propellers to turn The power plant that blade can be recycled voluntarily after speed reduces, this power plant are not only conducive to the safety of propeller when unmanned plane landing Property;The recycling of blade is inputted independent of external energy simultaneously;Simultaneously because propeller arrangement has simple, light weight, reliable Property high feature, also have the characteristics that the characteristics of simple, light weight, high reliability using the power plant of the propeller.
As the further technical solution of above-described power plant, the power part includes stator and rotor, described Stator and rotor are annular in shape;
Rotor is set in the outside of stator;
Paddle seat is fixed on rotor.
In the prior art, relative to drawing before unmanned plane and tail motive force layout, waist motive force is laid out it is possible to prevente effectively from such as The problems such as propeller rotational scope limitation photographic equipment visual angle, tail feeding office will produce the excess weight of carrier.But conventional waist Motive force is to avoid propeller rotational from interfering with each other mostly height with tail pipe to set, therefore propeller size is restricted, and can only be used The smaller propeller of paddle diameter, reduces the efficiency of propeller;And set because of power height and increase additional weight, lead to unmanned mechanomotive force Efficiency reduces;As shown in the patent of invention application No. is 201410771974.X, in the prior art, part waist pushes power apparatus will Propeller is placed on tail pipe, although this set-up mode solves the problems, such as that propeller size is restricted, but the specific shape of motor Although motor power is transmitted in such a way that gear transmits torque in formula and selection toothed belt transmission, other realization methods Propeller is so that propeller is rotated around tail pipe, but meeting off-energy, reduction are imitated during gear drive, toothed belt transmission Rate, at the same the connecting component between motor and motor and propeller to entire unmanned plane in weight vertically and horizontally Heart position is affected.
Specifically, in the present solution, the stator and rotor are the important component of motor:The stator and rotor structure As the power plant of electric drive.It is annular in shape to be set as the stator, when this programme applies on unmanned plane, stator is arranged And be fixed on the tail pipe of unmanned plane, rotor be set in the axis on stator and around stator rotation, propeller be connected with rotor and Rotor is servo-actuated, is passed through in this way, being equivalent in centre bore of the tail pipe by both stator and rotor, blade is along tail pipe on propeller Circumferential direction is distributed, and propeller provides thrust in rotation process, for unmanned plane.
Present solution provides a kind of power plants providing waist motive force layout for unmanned plane, before facilitating airborne task device It sets to obtain optimal field angle and installation site;This programme applies to unmanned plane and is produced to unmanned plane with waist pushing-type power plant The small feature of raw supernumerary structure weight;In powerplant configuration design, when using propeller size not by placement constraint, this Sample facilitates increase propeller efficiency;Powerplant configuration design in, it can be achieved that the installation form on tail pipe will not be because of nobody Mechanomotive force height sets generation thrust line and center of gravity line is staggered, and to generate nose-down pitching moment, avoids the need for increasing the wing angle of attack or liter Rudder pull rod is dropped to offset the torque, generates more air drag;This programme is easy to implement stationary part, rotor portion center is fallen Center smaller at a distance from tail pipe axis on the axis of tail pipe or more is easy to implement and reduces power plant to unmanned plane perpendicular The influence of the upward center of histogram so that the structure design of power plant has the spy for facilitating unmanned plane overall construction design Point.
To sum up, the space profit that this programme can effectively solve existing unmanned plane form installation power plant and task device is brought With defect, transmission efficiency is low the problems such as, ensure that on unmanned plane as detect camera system preposition installation site, increase power The efficiency of system ensure that the reasonability of mounting arrangement, therefore, can be obtained using the unmanned plane of this kind of waist pushing-type power plant The longer cruise time and cruising range.
As the specific implementation form of the power plant, it is set as:The stator, rotor, paddle seat are in annular shape, and Stator, rotor, paddle seat three axis collinear;
The blade is a plurality of, and a plurality of blade annular is distributed on paddle seat;
Further include second bearing, the second bearing connects for realizing bearing between paddle seat and tail pipe;
Further include first bearing, the first bearing is for realizing bearing connection between rotor and stator or rotor and tail pipe Between bearing connect.Using this programme, facilitates and realize that stator, rotor, paddle seat three coaxially assemble with tail pipe, facilitate realization paddle Leaf is uniformly distributed relative to the axis annular of tail pipe, in this way, the conjunction of thrust produced by can making this power plant at work as far as possible Power fall on the axis of this power plant and direction along tail pipe axis so that the center of gravity of this power plant falls the axis in tail pipe On line so that the center of gravity for the blade entirety being made of a plurality of blade is fallen on the axis of tail pipe.The first bearing of arrangement above and The reliability that second bearing is conducive to rotor, paddle seat is connect with tail pipe is conducive to the concentricity of rotor, paddle seat, stator, tail pipe.
Preferably, it is deep groove ball bearing to be set as the first bearing and second bearing, to utilize deep groove ball bearing body Product is small, light-weight, can bear axial force and radial load, advantage at low cost, reliability is high;Preferably, for convenience by stator sleeve It is connected on tail pipe, while facilitating and realizing being co-axially mounted for stator and tail pipe, be set as:Further include the mounting base in hoop-like, institute Stator is stated to be fixedly connected with mounting base, the centre bore in mounting base is communicated with the centre bore on stator, in mounting base centre bore with The axis of both centre bores is parallel on stator;Preferably, further include for realizing second bearing inner ring and tail pipe tight fit and/or The support ring of second bearing outer ring and paddle seat tight fit, in annular shape, support ring is used to be mounted on second bearing the support ring In gap in gap between inner ring and tail pipe or between second bearing outer ring and paddle seat.In the present solution, the branch Pushing out ring can be one or multiple, when such as using one, may be provided between second bearing inner ring and tail pipe, may be provided at the Between two bearing outer rings and paddle seat, the close-fitting between tight fit or second bearing outer ring and paddle seat between inner ring and tail pipe is realized It closes, specific tight fit mode, which can be used, to be embedded in using support ring in the gap between second bearing inner ring and tail pipe or second bearing In gap between outer ring and paddle seat, swelling is carried out using the wall thickness of support ring, is also embedded in the gap using support ring Progress part is filled up, then injection tight fit as described in being used as the colloid of solidifiable and fill up agent realization.In the quantity of support ring When being two, different support rings can be embedded in gap by the different ends in same gap and be provided commonly for second bearing and tail pipe or second The tight fit of bearing and paddle seat, different support rings can also be respectively used to realize second bearing and tail pipe, second bearing and paddle seat Tight fit;When the quantity of support ring is more than two, the tight of second bearing and tail pipe, second bearing and paddle seat can be respectively used to Cooperation;Preferably, for the benefit of concentricity of rotor, also can be between first bearing and rotor, first bearing and tail pipe or stator Between the support ring is set.
Meanwhile this programme also discloses a kind of unmanned plane, including fuselage, the tail pipe that is extended back by afterbody, also wrap The power plant described in provided any one is included, the stator sleeve of the power plant is set on tail pipe, and stator and tail Pipe is fixedly connected.To sum up, this unmanned plane uses the above power plant, and the structure design of propeller can after revolution speed of propeller reduction Blade is voluntarily recycled, is not only conducive to the safety of propeller when unmanned plane landing in this way;The recycling of blade is independent of outer simultaneously Portion's energy input;This propeller arrangement is simple simultaneously, light weight, reliability are high;This programme can effectively solve existing unmanned plane shape The problems such as formula installs the space utilization defect that power plant and task device bring, transmission efficiency is low, ensure that on unmanned plane such as The preposition installation site for detecting camera system, increases the efficiency of dynamical system, ensure that the reasonability of mounting arrangement, therefore, Longer cruise time and cruising range can be obtained using the unmanned plane of this kind of waist pushing-type power plant.
To make high-speed flight ability and long boat ability and multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle of this unmanned plane with fixed-wing unmanned plane VTOL ability, widened the application range of industrial unmanned plane, be as the further technical solution of the unmanned plane, The unmanned plane is composite wing unmanned plane.As those skilled in the art, realize that this programme can install use on the wing of fuselage In the Vertical Dynamic propeller for realizing VTOL.
Further include being installed on front fuselage to make this unmanned plane can operate with monitoring, investigation or survey field field Airborne equipment, the airborne equipment are one or more of monitoring, investigation, mapping equipment.The monitoring, investigation, mapping are set Standby as monitoring device, such as video camera, mapping radar.
Preferably, the controllability that blade is put away the oars when for the benefit of unmanned plane lands, is set as:Blade under the action of the centrifugal force around Axis pin rotates and rotation direction of the rotation direction of opening with blade around axis pin rotation under air drag is opposite.Such as use power Device waist pushing-type is laid out, when blade is in and puts away the oars state, the empennage of the free end of blade towards unmanned plane.
The invention has the advantages that:
The propeller that this programme provides when applying on unmanned plane, by elastic component can realize blade on propeller from Row is put away the oars, while the above resilient property put away the oars dependent on elastic component itself, does not need other energy inputs, while as ability Field technique personnel, the spring or air spring etc. for either using spring steel to prepare in the prior art, all have it is simple in structure, Light-weight feature, therefore the recyclable scheme of the above blade is not only simple in structure, and meanwhile it is light-weight, and more simple structure is conducive to The failure rate of propeller is reduced, therefore present solution provides the high propeller schemes of a kind of simple in structure, light weight, reliability;Together When, especially when unmanned plane lands, especially horizontal power propeller may cause blade to touch since the diameter of blade is excessive Ground is unfavorable for the propeller even safety of unmanned plane, periphery personnel, article when unmanned plane landing in this way.Therefore in the prior art The installation site of the efficiency and propeller of consideration propeller on unmanned plane is needed for the size design of propeller.Using we Case can pass through the deceleration of reduction propeller before unmanned plane landing so that blade reduces blade during putting away the oars to be influenced Bulk, reach conducive in unmanned plane descent safety, improved by increasing the length of blade in design The purpose of efficiency of propeller.Make this propeller scheme especially suitable for fixed-wing unmanned plane, composite wing unmanned plane etc. to make For horizontal power propeller.
The power plant of waist motive force layout is provided for unmanned plane present solution provides a kind of, while being provided one kind and being included The unmanned plane of the power plant facilitates airborne task device preposition to obtain optimal field angle using the above power plant And installation site;The above power plant, which applies to unmanned plane, has the characteristics that the supernumerary structure weight generated to unmanned plane is small;It is dynamic In power apparatus structure design, when using, propeller size is not by placement constraint, in this way, facilitating increase propeller efficiency;Power In apparatus structure design, it can be achieved that the installation form on tail pipe will not be set because of unmanned mechanomotive force height and generate thrust line and center of gravity Line is staggered, and to generate nose-down pitching moment, avoids the need for increasing the wing angle of attack or elevator pull rod to offset the torque, generate compared with More air drag;This programme is easy to implement stationary part, rotor portion center all fall on the axis of tail pipe or more center with Tail pipe axis apart from smaller, be easy to implement the influence for reducing power plant to unmanned plane center in the vertical direction, make The structure design for obtaining power plant has the characteristics that facilitate unmanned plane overall construction design.
To sum up, the space profit that this programme can effectively solve existing unmanned plane form installation power plant and task device is brought With defect, transmission efficiency is low the problems such as, ensure that on unmanned plane as detect camera system preposition installation site, increase power The efficiency of system ensure that the reasonability of mounting arrangement, therefore, can be obtained using the unmanned plane of this kind of waist pushing-type power plant The longer cruise time and cruising range.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the specific state diagram for using embodiment of a kind of foldable propeller one of the present invention, the state diagram Reflection blade put away the oars state and propeller structure, propeller and unmanned aerial vehicle tail pipe assembly method;
Fig. 2 is the specific state diagram for using embodiment of a kind of foldable propeller one of the present invention, the state diagram Reflect structure, the assembly method of propeller and unmanned aerial vehicle tail pipe of blade open configuration and propeller;
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of elastic component in one specific embodiment of a kind of foldable propeller of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a kind of partial structural diagram of one specific embodiment of power plant of the present invention, the schematic diagram Reflect the structure of paddle seat and the connection relation of paddle seat and rotor;
Fig. 5 is a kind of partial structural diagram of one specific embodiment of power plant of the present invention, the schematic diagram Reflect the assembly method of the structure of paddle seat, the connection relation of paddle seat and rotor, elastic component and axis pin on paddle seat;
Fig. 6 is a kind of partial structural diagram of one specific embodiment of unmanned plane of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a kind of partial structural diagram of one specific embodiment of unmanned plane of the present invention, and the schematic diagram is anti- The structure of power plant and the matching relationship of power plant and tail pipe are reflected, which is explosive view.
Reference numeral in figure is respectively:1, mounting base, 2, stator, 3, first bearing, 4, rotor, 5, second bearing, 6, Support ring, 7, paddle seat, 8, blade, 9, tail pipe, 10, power plant, 11, fuselage, 12, airborne equipment, 13, elastic component, 14, pin Axis, 15, side, 16, bottom edge, 17, helical ring, 18, holding tank.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but the present invention structure be not limited only to it is following Embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figures 1 to 7, a kind of foldable propeller, including paddle seat 7 and the blade 8 that is installed on paddle seat 7, are also wrapped Axis pin 14 and elastic component 13 are included, one end of the blade 8 is articulated and connected by axis pin 14 and paddle seat 7;
And paddle seat 7, in rotation, the direction of motion of the installation point of 7 upper pin 14 of paddle seat is total with the axial direction of axis pin 14 Line;
The both ends of the elastic component 13 are respectively acting on paddle seat 7 and blade 8, and the elastic component 13 passes through elastic-restoring force Apply torque to blade 8, for forcing blade 8 to be rotated for shaft with axis pin 14, rotation direction is so that blade 8 for the torque Free end is rotated to the axis of propeller.
Specifically, in the present solution, the installation point of 7 upper pin 14 of the paddle seat is to be used to install axis pin 14 on paddle seat 7 Installation point, when propeller rotates, if it is the A points on paddle seat 7 to define the above installation point, crosses A points as those skilled in the art Do perpendicular to the cross section of propeller axis, using propeller axis position on cross section as the center of circle, the center of circle and A points it Between distance be that radius does circle, it is consistent with the direction of motion of A points this moment that gained, which justifies the tangential direction in A points,.
Meanwhile after the axis direction by limiting the axis pin 14, while the elastic component 13 is set in this programme, In this way, in propeller rotary course, with the raising of revolution speed of propeller, blade 8 can overcome elastic component 13 under centrifugal force Elastic force and around axis pin 14 rotate, if being protected between blade 8 and propeller shaft under the action of elastic component 13 when propeller is static The angle for 0 ° is held, with the raising of revolution speed of propeller, the above angle constantly can be extended to 90 ° by 0 ° and be maintained at 90 ° of shape State, in above procedure, propeller can provide thrust or pulling force for unmanned plane.
And after cutting off to the power input of propeller, revolution speed of propeller constantly declines, and blade 8 is in windage and elastic component 13 Elastic-restoring force under with axis pin 14 be that shaft rotates, rotate above so that the free end direction of motion of blade 8 is towards propeller Axis, in this way so that blade 8 is recycled in the form of folding.
In this way, when applying on unmanned plane, the voluntarily receipts of blade 8 on propeller can be realized by elastic component 13 for this programme Paddle, while putting away the oars above dependent on the resilient property of itself of elastic component 13, other energy inputs are not needed, while as this field Technical staff, the spring or air spring etc. for either using spring steel to prepare in the prior art all have simple in structure, again Light feature is measured, therefore 8 recyclable scheme of the above blade is not only simple in structure, and meanwhile it is light-weight, and more simple structure is conducive to The failure rate of propeller is reduced, therefore present solution provides the high propeller schemes of a kind of simple in structure, light weight, reliability;Together When, especially when unmanned plane lands, especially horizontal power propeller may cause blade 8 since the diameter of blade 8 is excessive It contacts to earth, is unfavorable for the propeller even safety of unmanned plane, periphery personnel, article when unmanned plane landing in this way.Therefore the prior art In need to consider the installation site on unmanned plane of efficiency and propeller of propeller for the size design of propeller.Using this Scheme can pass through the deceleration of reduction propeller so that blade 8 reduces 8 institute of blade during putting away the oars before unmanned plane landing The bulk of influence, reach conducive in unmanned plane descent safety, design when by increase blade 8 length come The purpose of improving the efficiency of propeller.So that this propeller scheme is especially suitable for fixed-wing unmanned plane, composite wing unmanned plane etc. Using as horizontal power propeller.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figures 1 to 7, the present embodiment is further qualified on the basis of embodiment 1:As above-described one The kind further technical solution of foldable propeller:The paddle seat 7 is in annular shape, and the piece number of the blade 8 is multi-disc, and blade 8 annulars are distributed on paddle seat 7;
Each blade 8 is articulated and connected by an axis pin 14 with paddle seat 7, and an elasticity is both provided between each blade 8 and paddle seat 7 Part 13.Using this programme, avoidable propeller generates eccentric force during the work time and influences the stabilized flight of unmanned plane.Together When, above scheme makes each blade 8 that can put away the oars by the corresponding realization of elastic component 13 when revolution speed of propeller reduces.
Specific setting form as propeller:The paddle seat 7 includes the pedestal in annulus and is arranged on pedestal more A mounting portion installed for realizing blade 8, the quantity of the mounting portion is equal with the quantity of blade 8, and each mounting portion is used to A piece of blade 8 is installed;
Multiple mounting portion annulars are distributed on pedestal;
The mounting portion includes two panels journal stirrup, and each journal stirrup is fixedly connected with pedestal, the two panels branch that each mounting portion includes Ear is in face relationship, the pin hole for wearing axis pin 14 is both provided on each journal stirrup, two pin holes that each mounting portion includes are in just To relationship;
There is the clamping gap for accommodating 8 end of blade between the two panels journal stirrup that each mounting portion includes;
After each blade 8 is embedded in the clamping gap by one end for being connect with paddle seat 7, corresponding axis pin 14 is inserted into Pin hole, and corresponding axis pin 14 realizes the articulated connection blade 8 and paddle seat 7 across blade 8.In the present solution, passing through each installation Pin hole in portion on two journal stirrups realizes the support to 14 both ends of axis pin, in this way, can optimize the stress of axis pin 14 in use; Each component assembling for the propeller arrangement design composition propeller that above scheme provides simultaneously is convenient.
Specific setting form and assembling form as elastic component 13:The elastic component 13 is overall U-shaped torsion Spring, the torque spring include the bottom edge 16 as middle part and two sides 15 as side section, on each side 15 With the helical ring 17 between 15 both ends of place side, and helical ring 17 is coaxial on two sides 15;
The free end of the torque spring side 15 is fixed on paddle seat 7, and the axis pin 14 on each mounting portion is by each mounting portion It is passed through in two helical rings 17 of upper torque spring, two helical rings 17 of torque spring are respectively positioned on the folder of each mounting portion on each mounting portion It holds within gap;
Holding tank 18 is additionally provided on the inside of each mounting portion upper journal, the holding tank 18 is for accommodating torque spring insertion The paragraph in gap is clamped;
The bottom edge 16 and 8 phase separation of corresponding blade.Using this programme, it is equivalent to and acts on elastic component 13 and paddle seat 7 One end constrains in the clamping gap, while passing through the fiting constraint elastic component 13 of helical ring 17 and axis pin 14 and paddle seat 7 Connection, in this way, can reach conducive to the purpose of the assembly reliability in this programme of elastic component 13;As those skilled in the art, institute The inside for stating journal stirrup is the positive offside of two journal stirrups included by arbitrary mounting portion, while being accommodated by being arranged in the inside of journal stirrup Slot 18, while the paragraph for being installed as torque spring insertion clamping gap of elastic component 13 is embedded in the holding tank 18, in this way, can Avoid the thickness effect of torque spring that effective gripping width in gap is clamped in favor of being revolved in the installation of blade 8 and the course of work Turn, the thickness of torque spring can be weakened reach and blade 8 is installed conducive to weakening torque spring to the influence of gap width is clamped With caused influence is rotated in the course of work;Meanwhile having as the elastic component 13 using torque spring and being easy to take Material, the cost of material is low, reliability is high, the characteristics of being easily installed and safeguarding.
As those skilled in the art, since this programme realizes that purpose is rotated with axis pin 14 for shaft dependent on blade 8, together When by elastic component 13 realize blade 8 reset of putting away the oars, pretend as those skilled in the art, mounting portion and paddle provided above Leaf 8 and the fit form of mounting portion, the fit form actually only preferred embodiment, while the above institute of elastic component 13 and mounting portion The both ends for the elastic component 13 stated, which are respectively acting on paddle seat 7 and blade 8, can be divided into the effect of being in direct contact or indirectly-acting, such as be arranged It is fixedly connected with blade 8 for axis pin 14, one end of elastic component 13 is directly connected on paddle seat 7, and the other end is directly connected in axis pin Both ends on 14 also for elastic component 13 are respectively acting on paddle seat 7 and blade 8, i.e., actually blade 8 passes through axis pin 14 and paddle seat 7 Articulated connection is not limited to preferred embodiment presented above;And elastic component 13 is normal spiral spring, torsion provided above Above-mentioned purpose can be achieved in power spring, scroll spring.
Embodiment 3:
As shown in Figures 1 to 7, it present embodiments provides a kind of power plant 10, including driving portion and is exported with driving portion The connected propeller in end, any one foldable propeller that the propeller is provided for any one embodiment as above.It is comprehensive On, the power plant 10 that blade 8 can be recycled voluntarily after being reduced present solution provides a kind of revolution speed of propeller, this power plant 10 is not Only it is conducive to the safety of propeller when unmanned plane landing;The recycling of blade 8 is inputted independent of external energy simultaneously;Simultaneously because Propeller arrangement has the characteristics that simple, light weight, reliability are high, also has letter using the power plant 10 of the propeller The characteristics of list, light weight, reliability high feature.
Embodiment 4:
As shown in Figures 1 to 7, the present embodiment is further qualified on the basis of embodiment 3, and the power part includes fixed Son 2 and rotor 4, the stator 2 and rotor 4 are annular in shape;
Rotor 4 is set in the outside of stator 2;
Paddle seat 7 is fixed on rotor 4.
In the prior art, relative to drawing before unmanned plane and tail motive force layout, waist motive force is laid out it is possible to prevente effectively from such as The problems such as propeller rotational scope limitation photographic equipment visual angle, tail feeding office will produce the excess weight of carrier.But conventional waist Motive force is to avoid propeller rotational from interfering with each other mostly height with tail pipe 9 to set, therefore propeller size is restricted, and can only be used The smaller propeller of paddle diameter, reduces the efficiency of propeller;And set because of power height and increase additional weight, lead to unmanned mechanomotive force Efficiency reduces;As shown in the patent of invention application No. is 201410771974.X, in the prior art, part waist pushes power apparatus will Propeller is placed on tail pipe 9, although this set-up mode solves the problems, such as that propeller size is restricted, but the specific shape of motor Although motor power is transmitted in such a way that gear transmits torque in formula and selection toothed belt transmission, other realization methods Propeller is so that propeller is rotated around tail pipe 9, but meeting off-energy, reduction are imitated during gear drive, toothed belt transmission Rate, at the same the connecting component between motor and motor and propeller to entire unmanned plane in weight vertically and horizontally Heart position is affected.
Specifically, in the present solution, the stator 2 and rotor 4 are the important component of motor:The stator 2 and turn Son 4 is configured to the power plant 10 of electric drive.It is annular in shape to be set as the stator 2, when this programme applies on unmanned plane, Stator 2 is arranged and is fixed on the tail pipe 9 of unmanned plane, and rotor 4 is arranged on the stator 2 and is rotated around the axis of stator 2, propeller It is connected with rotor 4 servo-actuated with rotor 4, is passed through in this way, being equivalent in centre bore of the tail pipe 9 by both stator 2 and rotor 4, spiral Blade 8 is distributed along the circumferential direction of tail pipe 9 on paddle, and propeller provides thrust in rotation process, for unmanned plane.
Present solution provides a kind of power plants 10 providing waist motive force layout for unmanned plane, facilitate airborne task device It is preposition to obtain optimal field angle and installation site;This programme applies to unmanned plane with waist pushing-type power plant 10 to nobody The small feature of supernumerary structure weight that machine generates;In 10 structure design of power plant, when using, propeller size is not laid out Limitation, in this way, facilitating increase propeller efficiency;In 10 structure design of power plant, it can be achieved that the installation form on tail pipe 9 Generation thrust line will not be set because of unmanned mechanomotive force height and center of gravity line is staggered, and to generate nose-down pitching moment, avoid the need for increasing wing The angle of attack or elevator pull rod offset the torque, generate more air drag;This programme is easy to implement 2 part of stator, rotor 4 Portion centers all fall on the axis of tail pipe 9 or more center smaller at a distance from 9 axis of tail pipe, are easy to implement and reduce power dress Set the influence of 10 pairs of unmanned planes center in the vertical direction so that the structure design of power plant 10, which has, facilitates unmanned plane The characteristics of overall construction design.
To sum up, the space that this programme can effectively solve existing unmanned plane form installation power plant 10 and task device is brought Using defect, transmission efficiency is low the problems such as, ensure that on unmanned plane as detect camera system preposition installation site, increase dynamic The efficiency of Force system ensure that the reasonability of mounting arrangement, therefore, can be with using the unmanned plane of this kind of waist pushing-type power plant 10 Obtain longer cruise time and cruising range.
As the specific implementation form of the power plant 10, it is set as:The stator 2, rotor 4, paddle seat 7 are in annulus Shape, and stator 2, rotor 4,7 three of paddle seat axis collinear;
The blade 8 is a plurality of, and 8 annular of a plurality of blade is distributed on paddle seat 7;
Further include second bearing 5, the second bearing 5 connects for realizing bearing between paddle seat 7 and tail pipe 9;
Further include first bearing 3, the first bearing 3 is for realizing bearing connection or rotor 4 between rotor 4 and stator 2 Bearing is connect between tail pipe 9.Using this programme, facilitate realize stator 2, rotor 4,7 three of paddle seat with the coaxial dress of tail pipe 9 Match, facilitate and realize that blade 8 is uniformly distributed relative to the axis annular of tail pipe 9, in this way, can be as far as possible so that this power plant 10 is working When produced thrust resultant force fall on the axis of this power plant 10 and direction along tail pipe 9 axis so that this power fills It sets 10 center of gravity to fall on the axis of tail pipe 9 so that the center of gravity for the blade entirety being made of a plurality of blade 8 falls the axis in tail pipe 9 On line.The reliability that the first bearing 3 and second bearing 5 of arrangement above are conducive to rotor 4, paddle seat 7 is connect with tail pipe 9 is conducive to turn The concentricity of son 4, paddle seat 7, stator 2, tail pipe 9 four.
Preferably, it is deep groove ball bearing to be set as the first bearing 3 and second bearing 5, to utilize deep groove ball bearing It is small, light-weight, axial force and radial load, advantage at low cost, reliability is high can be born;Preferably, for convenience by stator 2 It is socketed on tail pipe 9, while facilitating and realizing being co-axially mounted for stator 2 and tail pipe 9, be set as:It further include the installation in hoop-like Seat 1, the stator 2 is fixedly connected with mounting base 1, and the centre bore in mounting base 1 is communicated with the centre bore on stator 2, mounting base 1 Upper centre bore is parallel with the axis of both centre bores on stator 2;Preferably, further include for realizing 5 inner ring of second bearing and tail 9 tight fit of pipe and/or the support ring 6 of 5 outer ring of second bearing and 7 tight fit of paddle seat, the support ring 6 is in annular shape, support ring 6 For in the gap between 5 inner ring of second bearing and tail pipe 9 or between 5 outer ring of second bearing and paddle seat 7 In gap.In the present solution, the support ring 6 can be for one or multiple, when such as using one, second bearing 5 may be provided at Between inner ring and tail pipe 9, may be provided between 5 outer ring of second bearing and paddle seat 7, realize between inner ring and tail pipe 9 tight fit or Tight fit between 5 outer ring of second bearing and paddle seat 7, specific tight fit mode can be used is embedded in second bearing 5 using support ring 6 In gap in gap between inner ring and tail pipe 9 or between 5 outer ring of second bearing and paddle seat 7, using support ring 6 wall thickness into Row swelling is also embedded in the gap using support ring 6 and partly fill up, then injection such as the colloid conduct for solidifiable It fills up agent and realizes the tight fit.When the quantity of support ring 6 is two, different support rings 6 can be by the different ends in same gap Second bearing 5 is provided commonly in embedded gap with tail pipe 9 or the tight fit of second bearing 5 and paddle seat 7, different support rings 6 also may be used It is respectively used to realize second bearing 5 and tail pipe 9, the tight fit of second bearing 5 and paddle seat 7;Support ring 6 quantity be two with When upper, second bearing 5 and tail pipe 9, the tight fit of second bearing 5 and paddle seat 7 can be respectively used to;Preferably, for the benefit of rotor 4 Also the support ring 6 can be arranged between first bearing 3 and rotor 4, between first bearing 3 and tail pipe 9 or stator 2 in concentricity.
Embodiment 5:
As shown in Figures 1 to 7, the present embodiment also discloses a kind of unmanned plane, including fuselage 11, by 11 tail portion of fuselage backward The tail pipe 9 of extension, further include on power plant 10 described in any one that is provided of any one embodiment, the power The stator 2 of device 10 is sheathed on tail pipe 9, and stator 2 is fixedly connected with tail pipe 9.To sum up, this unmanned plane is filled using the above power 10 are set, the structure design of propeller can voluntarily recycle blade 8 after revolution speed of propeller reduction, be not only conducive to unmanned plane in this way and land When propeller safety;The recycling of blade 8 is inputted independent of external energy simultaneously;While this propeller arrangement is simple, matter Amount is light, reliability is high;The sky that this programme can effectively solve existing unmanned plane form installation power plant 10 and task device is brought Between using defect, transmission efficiency is low the problems such as, ensure that on unmanned plane as detect camera system preposition installation site, increase The efficiency of dynamical system ensure that the reasonability of mounting arrangement, therefore, can using the unmanned plane of this kind of waist pushing-type power plant 10 To obtain longer cruise time and cruising range.
To make high-speed flight ability and long boat ability and multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle of this unmanned plane with fixed-wing unmanned plane VTOL ability, widened the application range of industrial unmanned plane, be as the further technical solution of the unmanned plane, The unmanned plane is composite wing unmanned plane.As those skilled in the art, realize that this programme can be installed on the wing of fuselage 11 For realizing the Vertical Dynamic propeller of VTOL.
Further include being installed on 11 front end of fuselage to make this unmanned plane can operate with monitoring, investigation or survey field field Airborne equipment 12, the airborne equipment 12 is monitoring, investigation, one or more of mapping equipment.It is described monitoring, investigation, Mapping equipment is monitoring device, such as video camera, mapping radar.
Preferably, the controllability that blade 8 is put away the oars when for the benefit of unmanned plane lands, is set as:Blade 8 is under the action of the centrifugal force The rotation direction that the rotation direction opened around the rotation of axis pin 14 is rotated under air drag around axis pin 14 with blade 8 is opposite.Such as It is laid out using 10 waist pushing-type of power plant, when blade 8 is in and puts away the oars state, the empennage of the free end of blade 8 towards unmanned plane.
The above content is combine specific preferred embodiment to the further description of the invention made, and it cannot be said that originally The specific implementation mode of invention is confined to these explanations.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, The other embodiment obtained in the case where not departing from technical scheme of the present invention should be included in the protection domain of corresponding invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of foldable propeller, including paddle seat (7) and the blade (8) that is installed on paddle seat (7), which is characterized in that also wrap Axis pin (14) and elastic component (13) are included, one end of the blade (8) is articulated and connected by axis pin (14) and paddle seat (7);
And paddle seat (7) rotation when, the axial direction of the direction of motion and axis pin (14) of the installation point of paddle seat (7) upper pin (14) Collinearly;
The both ends of the elastic component (13) are respectively acting on paddle seat (7) and blade (8), and the elastic component (13) is returned by elasticity Multiple power applies torque to blade (8), and for forcing blade (8) to be rotated for shaft with axis pin (14), rotation direction is for the torque So that the free end of blade (8) is rotated to the axis of propeller.
2. a kind of foldable propeller according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the paddle seat (7) is described in annular shape The piece number of blade (8) is multi-disc, and blade (8) annular is distributed on paddle seat (7);
Each blade (8) is articulated and connected by an axis pin (14) and paddle seat (7), is both provided between each blade (8) and paddle seat (7) One elastic component (13).
3. a kind of foldable propeller according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the paddle seat (7) includes in annulus Pedestal and the multiple mounting portions installed for realizing blade (8) being arranged on pedestal, quantity and the blade (8) of the mounting portion Quantity it is equal, each mounting portion is used to install a piece of blade (8);
Multiple mounting portion annulars are distributed on pedestal;
The mounting portion includes two panels journal stirrup, and each journal stirrup is fixedly connected with pedestal, and the two panels journal stirrup that each mounting portion includes is in Face relationship, the pin hole for wearing axis pin (14) is both provided on each journal stirrup, and two pin holes that each mounting portion includes are in face Relationship;
There is the clamping gap for accommodating blade (8) end between the two panels journal stirrup that each mounting portion includes;
After each blade (8) is embedded in the clamping gap by the one end for being used to connect with paddle seat (7), corresponding axis pin (14) is inserted Enter pin hole, and corresponding axis pin (14) realizes the articulated connection blade (8) and paddle seat (7) across blade (8).
4. a kind of foldable propeller according to claim 3, which is characterized in that it is in U that the elastic component (13), which is whole, The torque spring of shape, the torque spring include the bottom edge (16) as middle part and two sides (15) as side section, The helical ring (17) between place side (15) both ends, and helical ring on two sides (15) are all had on each side (15) (17) coaxial;
The free end of the torque spring side (15) is fixed on paddle seat (7), and the axis pin (14) on each mounting portion is by each installation It is passed through in two helical rings (17) of torque spring in portion, two helical rings (17) of torque spring are respectively positioned on each installation on each mounting portion Within the clamping gap in portion;
Holding tank (18) is additionally provided on the inside of each mounting portion upper journal, the holding tank (18) is for accommodating torque spring insertion The paragraph in gap is clamped;
The bottom edge (16) and corresponding blade (8) phase separation.
5. a kind of power plant, including driving portion and the propeller that is connected with driving portion output end, which is characterized in that the spiral The foldable propeller that paddle is provided by any one of Claims 1-4.
6. power plant according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the power part includes stator (2) and rotor (4), The stator (2) and rotor (4) are annular in shape;
Rotor (4) is set in the outside of stator (2);
Paddle seat (7) is fixed on rotor (2).
7. power plant according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the stator (2), rotor (4), paddle seat (7) are in Annular shape, and stator (2), rotor (4), paddle seat (7) three axis collinear;
The blade (8) is a plurality of, and a plurality of blade (8) annular is distributed on paddle seat (7);
Further include second bearing (5), the second bearing (5) connect for realizing bearing between paddle seat (7) and tail pipe (9);
Further include first bearing (3), the first bearing (3) connect or turns for realizing bearing between rotor (4) and stator (2) Bearing is connect between sub (4) and tail pipe (9).
8. a kind of unmanned plane, including fuselage (11), the tail pipe (9) that is extended back by fuselage (11) tail portion, which is characterized in that also wrap The power plant (10) as described in any one of claim 5 to 7 is included, the stator (2) of the power plant (10) is sheathed on On tail pipe (9), and stator (2) is fixedly connected with tail pipe (9).
9. a kind of unmanned plane according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the unmanned plane is composite wing unmanned plane.
10. a kind of unmanned plane according to claim 8, which is characterized in that further include the machine for being installed on fuselage (11) front end Equipment (12) is carried, the airborne equipment (12) is one or more of monitoring, investigation, mapping equipment.
CN201810858052.0A 2018-07-31 2018-07-31 A kind of foldable propeller, power plant and unmanned plane Pending CN108688792A (en)

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