CN108686651B - Catalyst for simultaneously denitrifying and removing mercury from flue gas, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Catalyst for simultaneously denitrifying and removing mercury from flue gas, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN108686651B
CN108686651B CN201810535153.4A CN201810535153A CN108686651B CN 108686651 B CN108686651 B CN 108686651B CN 201810535153 A CN201810535153 A CN 201810535153A CN 108686651 B CN108686651 B CN 108686651B
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马宏卿
刘亭
田浩廷
姚燕
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Linyi University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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    • B01J23/34Manganese
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/8628Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8665Removing heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/74Iron group metals
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/60Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • B01D2257/602Mercury or mercury compounds
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
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    • B01D2258/0283Flue gases

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Abstract

The invention relates to a cheap catalyst for simultaneously denitrifying and removing mercury from flue gas, belongs to the technical field of air pollution control, and particularly relates to a vanadium-free catalyst recycled by wastes, and a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst comprises carrier red mud and a metal oxide part for modifying the red mud, wherein the metal oxide is one or more of manganese and cobalt. The invention discloses a method for preparing a catalyst carrier by using red mud, which is a waste in the aluminum production industry, and performing acidification dealkalization treatment on the catalyst carrier, aiming at solving the problems of high cost and toxicity of the existing denitration demercuration catalyst, and remarkably improving the specific surface area and the porosity of the carrier. The method applies the manganese or cobalt modified catalyst to simultaneously denitrate and remove mercury from HCl-free flue gas, the application temperature is higher than 180 ℃, and the airspeed is 50,000-‑1And the nitrogen oxide and the elemental mercury in the flue gas can be efficiently removed.

Description

Catalyst for simultaneously denitrifying and removing mercury from flue gas, and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cheap catalyst for simultaneously denitrifying and removing mercury from flue gas, belongs to the technical field of air pollution control, and particularly relates to a vanadium-free catalyst recycled by wastes, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Coal fired power plants produce various air pollutants, NOxAnd mercury are considered as important atmospheric pollutants, with the tightening of environmental standards, NO has been established in recent yearsxAnd mercury control and disposal have attracted considerable attention. NO in flue gasxConsists of more than 90% NO. It is well known that nitrogen oxides cause many environmental problems such as acid rain and photochemical smog. Mercury is one of the most dangerous environmental toxicants, threatening the ecological environment and human health due to extreme toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation. Mercury is typically expressed as elemental mercury (Hg)0) The particles adsorbing mercury(Hgp) And mercury oxide (Hg)2+) Three forms exist in flue gas. Generally, Hg0Hg is difficult to remove due to its high volatility and insolubility in waterpCan be captured by an electrostatic precipitator or a fabric filter, Hg2+Is water soluble and can be removed by Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization (WFGD). Therefore, how to remove NO and Hg0Conversion to N2And Hg2+Has become a key point in controlling NO and mercury emissions.
Currently, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology is the most effective method for fixed source NO treatment; activated carbon spray technology is a commonly used method for mercury removal. In practice, the two technologies are generally adopted to remove NO and mercury respectively, but the treatment mode causes the problems of large equipment and low utilization rate. Many studies have demonstrated that SCR catalysts are responsible for Hg0To form Hg2+Also effective, so that the SCR device can be used for simultaneously removing NO and Hg0. The current commercial SCR catalyst is V2O5-WO3(Mo)/TiO2Has better denitration and demercuration activity. However, V has toxicity, and meanwhile, the catalyst is complex to prepare, expensive to manufacture, and high in active temperature window (300-450 ℃). The use of Fe component catalysts for denitration and demercuration has been confirmed by many studies. The Si and Al oxides are also excellent components of the carrier in the field of denitration and demercuration.
Red Mud (Red Mud) is waste produced in the aluminum smelting industry, and the main components of the Red Mud comprise Fe, Si, Al, K, Ca and other element oxides. After acid modification, the specific surface area and the pore volume of the modified zeolite are remarkably increased, and the modified zeolite is widely applied to the fields of adsorption and catalysis. Co or Mn commonly used in SCR reaction and various catalytic oxidation reactions is adopted to further modify the catalyst so as to further obviously improve the SCR denitration performance and the catalytic oxygen demercuration performance of the catalyst, and the catalyst for simultaneously denitrating and demercuration flue gas is prepared. Compared with V-series catalyst, it has low cost, no obvious toxicity and simple preparation process. At present, the patents related to the catalyst for simultaneously denitrating and demercurating the flue gas are less. In the prior patent, (CN 102218266) is made of TiO2As a support, with V2O5Is an active component, has higher catalytic activity, but has the compositionThis is expensive and toxic. Therefore, the development of an environment-friendly and efficient catalyst is a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cheap catalyst for simultaneously denitrifying and removing mercury from flue gas, in particular to a catalyst mainly prepared from waste red mud. The catalyst comprises a red mud carrier with acidification and dealkalization and a metal oxide component loaded on the red mud for modifying the red mud, wherein the modified component element is selected from at least one of Mn and Co.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the catalyst for simultaneously denitrifying and demercurating flue gas comprises acidified and dealkalized red mud and a metal oxide component loaded on the acidified and dealkalized red mud, wherein the metal oxide is one or more of oxides of manganese and/or cobalt, and the mass fraction of the metal oxide is 3%.
The preparation method of the catalyst for simultaneously denitrifying and removing mercury from flue gas comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of dealkalized red mud
Sieving dried red mud with a 200-mesh sieve, transferring to a hydrothermal reaction kettle, adding a mixed acid solution of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid according to the amount of 1g of red mud per 10mL of acid solution, crystallizing the hydrothermal reaction kettle at a crystallization temperature of 60-120 ℃ for 12h, washing with deionized water for 3-5 times, filtering, and drying in an oven at 100 ℃;
(2) preparation of the catalyst
Soaking the dealkalized red mud in Mn (NO)3)2And/or Co (NO)3)3Stirring the solution at room temperature for 4 hours, drying the solution in an oven at 80 ℃ for 24 hours, roasting the solution at 500 ℃ for 4 hours, tabletting the powder catalyst, and grinding and screening the powder catalyst into particles of 40-60 meshes.
Further, the preparation method of the catalyst for simultaneously denitrifying and removing mercury from flue gas comprises the step of mixing 3mol/L hydrochloric acid and 3mol/L nitric acid according to a volume ratio of 1: 5.
Further, the preparation method of the catalyst for simultaneously denitrifying and removing mercury from flue gas comprises the step (2)The Mn (NO)3)2Or Co (NO)3)3The concentration of the solution is 0.5mol/L, Mn (NO)3)2And Co (NO)3)3The mixed solution is composed of 0.5mol/L Mn (NO)3)2And 0.5mol/L Co (NO)3)3And mixing the components in equal volume.
Further, in the preparation method of the catalyst for simultaneously denitrifying and removing mercury from flue gas, the drying temperature of the oven in the step (2) is 80 ℃, and the drying time is 24 hours.
Further, the preparation method of the catalyst for simultaneous denitration and demercuration of flue gas according to claim 2 is characterized in that the calcination temperature in the step (2) is 500 ℃ and the calcination time is 4 hours.
The application of the catalyst for simultaneously denitrifying and removing mercury from flue gas is to simultaneously denitrate and remove mercury from flue gas without HCl.
The application of the catalyst for simultaneously denitrating and removing mercury from flue gas is carried out at the application temperature of 180 ℃ and the space velocity of 50,000 ℃ for 100,000h-1And the catalyst can efficiently remove nitrogen oxides and elemental mercury in the flue gas.
The application of the catalyst for simultaneously denitrifying and removing mercury from flue gas is carried out at the application temperature of 200 ℃ and 230 ℃ and the space velocity of 80,000h-1And the catalyst can efficiently remove nitrogen oxides and elemental mercury in the flue gas.
Advantageous effects
The catalyst is mainly prepared from waste red mud, has larger specific surface area and pore structure, is modified by metal oxide (at least one of Co or Mn) to obtain the final catalyst material, and has better removal efficiency on NO and Hg at high airspeed. Compared with the conventional catalyst, the catalyst has the advantages of low cost, no obvious toxicity and simple preparation process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is XRD patterns of the catalysts prepared in example 1 of the present invention and comparative example 1.
Fig. 2 is an XRD spectrum of the catalysts prepared in example 4 of the present invention and comparative example 2.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the activity of catalysts of examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 and 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of dealkalized red mud
The method comprises the steps of screening dry red mud by a 200-mesh sieve, transferring the screened dry red mud into a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined hydrothermal reaction kettle, and adding the red mud into mixed acid solution according to the amount of 1g of red mud/10 mL of acid solution, wherein the mixed acid solution is prepared by mixing 3mol/L hydrochloric acid and nitric acid according to the volume ratio of 1: 5. And crystallizing the hydrothermal reaction kettle at 90 ℃ for 12 hours, washing the hydrothermal reaction kettle for 3-5 times by using deionized water, filtering the hydrothermal reaction kettle, and drying the hydrothermal reaction kettle in an oven at 100 ℃. Labeled as ARM-1.
(2) Preparation of the catalyst
Soaking acidified dealkalized red mud in Mn (NO)3)2Stirring the solution (0.5 mol/L) for 4h at room temperature, drying the solution in an oven at 80 ℃ for 24 h, and roasting the dried solution at 500 ℃ for 4h to obtain the 3wt% Mn-ARM-1 catalyst. Tabletting the powder catalyst, grinding and screening 40-60-mesh particles to obtain MnOxModified red mud catalyst.
(3) Evaluation of catalyst Activity
The evaluation reaction was carried out in a fixed bed continuous flow apparatus, 0.4g of catalyst was placed in a stainless steel reaction tube, the total flow of gas was 500 ml/min, the reaction was maintained at each temperature point for 0.5h, and the reactants and products were measured by a flue gas analyzer and a mercury analyzer. The results show that the catalyst prepared in example 1 had an NO concentration of 550ppm, Hg0Gas with a concentration of 50 mug/L (5% O of the remaining gas component)2、550ppmNH3And balance gas N2) When the reaction temperature is higher than 200 ℃, the reaction space velocity is 80,000h-1The NO removal efficiency is higher than 83%, the Hg oxidation removal efficiency is higher than 75%, wherein at 230 ℃, the NO removal efficiency is higher than 90%, and the Hg oxidation removal efficiency is higher than 82%. The space velocity reaches 100,000h-1At 230 ℃, the NO removal efficiency is 85%, and the Hg oxidation removal efficiency is over 80%.
Example 2
MnO preparation according to example 1xThe modified dealkalized red mud catalyst is characterized in that the hydrothermal crystallization temperature is changed to 60 ℃, and the obtained catalyst is marked as 3wt.% Mn-ARM-2.
The activity of the catalyst on the apparatus described in example 1 above was determined and the catalyst prepared in example 2 showed an NO concentration of 550ppm Hg0The concentration is 50 mu gL-1Gas (the remaining gas component is 5% O)2、550ppmNH3And balance gas N2) At 230 ℃ and at a reaction space velocity of 80,000h-1The NO removal efficiency is over 90%, and the Hg oxidation removal efficiency is over 80%.
Example 3
MnO preparation according to example 1xThe modified dealkalized red mud catalyst is characterized in that the hydrothermal crystallization temperature is changed to 120 ℃, and the obtained catalyst is marked as 3wt.% Mn-ARM-3.
The activity of the catalyst on the apparatus described in example 1 above was determined and the catalyst prepared in example 3 exhibited a NO concentration of 550ppm, Hg0The concentration is 50 mu gL-1Gas (the remaining gas component is 5% O)2、550ppmNH3And balance gas N2) At 230 ℃ and at a reaction space velocity of 80,000h-1The NO removal efficiency is over 84% and the Hg oxidation removal efficiency is over 75%.
Example 4
CoO was prepared according to the method of example 1xModified dealkalized red mud catalyst, except that the leaching solution is Co (NO)3)3The resulting catalyst was labeled 3wt.% Co-ARM-1.
The activity of the catalyst on the apparatus described in example 1 above was determined and the catalyst prepared in example 3 exhibited a NO concentration of 550ppm, Hg0The concentration is 50 mu gL-1Gas (the remaining gas component is 5% O)2、550ppmNH3And balance gas N2) At 250 ℃ and at a reaction space velocity of 80,000h-1The NO removal efficiency is over 88%, and the Hg oxidation removal efficiency is over 75%.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is a 3wt% Mn/RM catalyst prepared by using red mud without acidification and dealkalization as a carrier, and the Mn modification method is the same as that of example 1.
The catalyst activity measurements on the apparatus described in example 1 above indicated that the catalyst prepared in comparative example 1 had an NO concentration of 550ppm, Hg0The concentration is 50 mu gL-1Gas (the remaining gas component is 5% O)2、550ppmNH3And balance gas N2) At 230 ℃ and at a reaction space velocity of 80,000h-1The NO removal efficiency was 45% and the Hg oxidation removal efficiency was 50%.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is a 3wt% Co/RM catalyst prepared by using red mud without acidification and dealkalization as a carrier, and the Co modification method is the same as that of example 4.
The results show that the catalyst prepared in comparative example 2 has a NO concentration of 550ppm, Hg0The concentration is 50 mu gL-1Gas (the remaining gas component is 5% O)2、550ppmNH3And balance gas N2) At 230 ℃ and at a reaction space velocity of 80,000h-1The NO removal efficiency was 36% and the Hg oxidation removal efficiency was 52%.
TABLE 1 physical structural Properties of the supports in the examples and comparative examples
Figure 350125DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The data in table 1 show that the specific surface area of the catalyst obtained after hydrothermal acidification dealkalization treatment is obviously increased, the pore volume is increased, which is beneficial to uniform loading of active ingredients and improvement of catalytic activity of the catalyst. As shown in the XRD catalytic patterns of the catalysts in figures 1 and 2, no obvious corresponding peak is seen in the XRD patterns of the active components, which shows that the active components have better dispersibility. In addition, as can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, compared with the catalyst prepared from the original red mud, the catalyst prepared by hydrothermal acidification dealkalization treatment has a significantly changed structure, and the peaks at 14.2 ° and 24.3 ° disappear, which is caused by acidification dealkalization.
Fig. 3 is a graph comparing the activity of the catalysts of examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 with that of comparative examples 1 and 2, and it can be known that the catalyst prepared by the present invention has high removal efficiency for both NO and Hg. The activity of the catalyst which is not treated by acidification and dealkalization is far lower than that of the catalyst after acidification and dealkalization.
According to the experimental data of the examples 1 and 4 and the comparative examples 1 and 2, the Mn-Co modified catalyst prepared by the method of the example 1 and the Mn-Co modified catalyst prepared by the red mud which is not subjected to acidification and dealkalization treatment have similar structural characteristics and catalytic activity.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only some of the preferred modes for implementing the invention, and not all of them. Obviously, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The catalyst for simultaneously denitrifying and removing mercury from flue gas is characterized by comprising acidified and dealkalized red mud and a metal oxide component loaded on the acidified and dealkalized red mud, wherein the metal oxide is one or more of oxides of manganese and/or cobalt; the preparation method of the catalyst for simultaneously denitrifying and removing mercury from flue gas comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of acidified dealkalized red mud
Sieving dried red mud with a 200-mesh sieve, transferring the sieved dried red mud into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, adding a mixed acid solution of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid according to the amount of 1g of red mud per 10mL of acid solution, crystallizing the hydrothermal reaction kettle at a crystallization temperature of 60-120 ℃ for 12 hours, washing the crystallized product with deionized water, filtering the crystallized product, and drying the crystallized product in an oven;
(2) preparation of the catalyst
Soaking the acidified dealkalized red mud prepared in the step (1) in Mn (NO)3)2And/or Co (NO)3)3Stirring the solution at room temperature for 4 hours, drying the solution in an oven, roasting the dried solution to obtain a powder catalyst, tabletting the catalyst, and grinding and screening particles of 40-60 meshes;
the application of the catalyst for simultaneously denitrifying and removing mercury from flue gas comprises the step of simultaneously denitrifying and removing mercury from flue gas without HCl, wherein the application temperature is 180 ℃ and the airspeed is 50,000--1And the catalyst can efficiently remove nitrogen oxides and elemental mercury in the flue gas.
2. The catalyst for simultaneous denitration and demercuration of flue gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed acid solution in step (1) is prepared by mixing 3mol/L hydrochloric acid and 3mol/L nitric acid according to a volume ratio of 1: 5.
3. The catalyst for simultaneous denitration and demercuration of flue gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Mn (NO) in step (2)3)2Or Co (NO)3)3The concentration of the solution is 0.5mol/L, Mn (NO)3)2And Co (NO)3)3The mixed solution is composed of 0.5mol/L Mn (NO)3)2And 0.5mol/L Co (NO)3)3And mixing the components in equal volume.
4. The catalyst for simultaneous denitration and demercuration of flue gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying temperature of the oven in the step (2) is 80 ℃ and the drying time is 24 hours.
5. The catalyst for simultaneous denitration and demercuration of flue gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calcination temperature in step (2) is 500 ℃ and the calcination time is 4 hours.
6. The catalyst for simultaneously denitrating and removing mercury from flue gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application temperature is 200 ℃ and the space velocity is 80,000h-1And the catalyst can efficiently remove nitrogen oxides and elemental mercury in the flue gas.
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CN109382111B (en) * 2018-11-28 2021-09-28 泉州师范学院 Preparation method of cobaltosic oxide catalyst for catalytic oxidation of benzene
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