CN108682412A - Noise amplifies adjustable feedback active guidance system adaptive design method - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
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- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
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- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1787—General system configurations
- G10K11/17875—General system configurations using an error signal without a reference signal, e.g. pure feedback
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
Description
一、技术领域1. Technical field
本发明涉及反馈有源控制系统的自适应设计方法，该方法可对水床效应导致的噪声放大现象进行有效的调节。The invention relates to an adaptive design method of a feedback active control system, which can effectively adjust the noise amplification phenomenon caused by the water bed effect.
二、背景技术2. Background technology
为了应对日益严重的噪声污染，有源控制已被公认为与传统无源控制方法相并列的一项技术。反馈有源控制系统的自适应设计方法如图1所示，其中n是时间序号，e(n)是误差信号，d(n)是初级噪声信号，x(n)是参考信号，s(n)是次级路径，是s(n)的估计值，x′(n)是x(n)经滤波后得到的滤波参考信号，w(n)是待设计的反馈有源控制系统的控制器系数，也是反馈有源控制系统设计的目标参数。In order to cope with the increasingly serious noise pollution, active control has been recognized as a technology alongside traditional passive control methods. The adaptive design method of the feedback active control system is shown in Figure 1, where n is the time sequence number, e(n) is the error signal, d(n) is the primary noise signal, x(n) is the reference signal, s(n ) is the secondary path, is the estimated value of s(n), and x′(n) is the The filtered reference signal obtained after filtering, w(n) is the controller coefficient of the feedback active control system to be designed, and is also the target parameter of the feedback active control system design.
目前，设计反馈系统控制器系数的方法可分为两类，一类是离线设计方法，例如，Bai等运用H∞的鲁棒控制理论设计反馈系统(M.Bai，D.Lee，Implementation of an activeheadset by using the H∞ robust control theory，Journal of the AcousticalSociety of America 102(1997)2184-2190)；Rafaely等提出了H2/H∞的优化方法设计反馈系统(B.Rafaely，S.J.Elliott，H2/H∞ active control of sound in a headrest：designand implementation，IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 7(1999)79-84)；Zhang等采用最小二乘的优化方法对水床效应中的噪声放大进行展平来设计反馈控制系统(L.Zhang，L.Wu，X.Qiu，An intuitive approach for feedback active noisecontroller design，Applied Acoustics 74(2013)160-168)；相关的专利主要有：专利200510033638.6采用二阶低通滤波器、放大器和全通移相器实现反馈闭环消噪。专利200710001442.8采用二阶低通滤波和放大电路实现有源降噪。专利200910238545.5采用一阶电阻电容滤波和反馈回路增益单元实现主动消噪。专利200910253182.2采用两级陷波和放大电路实现反馈消噪。上述专利中均未给出如何得到优化的控制器频率特性和所采用电路中的参数是如何设计的。离线设计方法的主要不足有：一是w(n)一旦事先设计完成就不能随着环境的变化而自适应调整。二是这类方法的主要思想是构造一个和系统降噪性能有关的代价函数与约束条件，然后根据此代价函数，通过某种优化算法计算出控制器w(n)。然而，这些设计中采用的优化算法通常都不能保证寻找到的就是最优解，此外，一般来说优化算法对初始值的选择都较为敏感，实际设计中通常需要足够的经验和多次尝试才能获得满意的控制器参数。At present, the methods for designing the controller coefficients of the feedback system can be divided into two categories, one is the off-line design method, for example, Bai et al. use H ∞ robust control theory to design the feedback system (M.Bai, D.Lee, Implementation of an activeheadset by using the H ∞ robust control theory, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102(1997) 2184-2190); Rafaely et al proposed H 2 /H ∞ optimization method to design feedback system (B.Rafaely, SJElliott, H 2 / H ∞ active control of sound in a headrest: design and implementation, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 7(1999)79-84); Zhang et al. used the least squares optimization method to flatten the noise amplification in the water bed effect to design Feedback control system (L. Zhang, L. Wu, X. Qiu, An intuitive approach for feedback active noise controller design, Applied Acoustics 74(2013) 160-168); related patents mainly include: patent 200510033638.6 using second-order low-pass filter amplifiers, and all-pass phase shifters to achieve feedback closed-loop noise cancellation. Patent 200710001442.8 uses a second-order low-pass filter and amplifier circuit to achieve active noise reduction. Patent 200910238545.5 adopts first-order resistor-capacitor filter and feedback loop gain unit to realize active noise cancellation. Patent 200910253182.2 adopts two-stage notch wave and amplifier circuit to realize feedback noise elimination. None of the above patents gives how to obtain the optimized controller frequency characteristics and how to design the parameters in the adopted circuit. The main disadvantages of the off-line design method are as follows: First, once w(n) is designed in advance, it cannot be adjusted adaptively as the environment changes. Second, the main idea of this type of method is to construct a cost function and constraints related to the noise reduction performance of the system, and then calculate the controller w(n) through an optimization algorithm according to the cost function. However, the optimization algorithms used in these designs usually cannot guarantee that the optimal solution is found. In addition, the optimization algorithms are generally sensitive to the selection of initial values. In actual design, sufficient experience and multiple attempts are usually required to obtain the optimal solution. Obtain satisfactory controller parameters.
另一类是在线设计方法，例如，Luo等采用小波包分解噪声信号的方法调整反馈控制系统的控制器(L.Luo，J.Sun，B.Huang，A novel feedback active noise control forbroadband chaotic noise and random noise，Applied Acoustics 116(2017)229-237)；Wu等提出了一种简化的自适应反馈控制系统(L.Wu，X.Qiu，Y.Guo，A simplified adaptivefeedback active noise control system，Applied Acoustics 81(2014)40-46)。这些方法虽然可以根据环境的变化而自适应调整w(n)，但是他们都没有明确考虑反馈系统中的噪声放大现象，噪声放大是由反馈系统自身固有的水床效应引起的。目前国内针对水床效应的相关专利不多，专利201010144284.3公布了一种反馈有源噪声控制系统水床效应的改善方法，但是属于离线设计类方法，且该方法不能有效调节噪声放大的频带。The other is the online design method. For example, Luo et al. adopt the method of wavelet packet decomposition noise signal to adjust the controller of the feedback control system (L.Luo, J.Sun, B.Huang, A novel feedback active noise control for broadband chaotic noise and random noise, Applied Acoustics 116(2017) 229-237); Wu et al. proposed a simplified adaptive feedback control system (L.Wu, X.Qiu, Y.Guo, A simplified adaptive feedback active noise control system, Applied Acoustics 81(2014) 40-46). Although these methods can adaptively adjust w(n) according to environmental changes, they do not explicitly consider the noise amplification phenomenon in the feedback system, which is caused by the inherent water bed effect of the feedback system itself. At present, there are not many related patents on water bed effect in China. Patent 201010144284.3 discloses a method for improving water bed effect of feedback active noise control system, but it belongs to the offline design method, and this method cannot effectively adjust the frequency band of noise amplification.
三、发明内容3. Contents of the invention
1、发明目的：为了克服前述离线设计方法的不足，同时考虑噪声放大现象，本发明的目的在于提供一种反馈有源控制系统的自适应设计方法，该方法在获取降噪性能的同时，能有效调节水床效应引起的噪声放大。1. Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies of the aforementioned off-line design method and consider the phenomenon of noise amplification, the purpose of the invention is to provide an adaptive design method for a feedback active control system, which can achieve noise reduction performance while obtaining Effectively adjust the noise amplification caused by the water bed effect.
2、技术方案：2. Technical solution:
为了达到上述目的，本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
(1)定义目标函数为：J(w)＝e2(n)+γwT(n)A w(n)(1) Define the objective function as: J(w)=e 2 (n)+γw T (n)A w(n)
其中n是时间序号，e(n)是误差信号，γ是大于0小于1的常数，w(n)是待设计的反馈有源控制系统的控制器系数，A是一个实对称托普利兹正定矩阵。该目标函数不仅考虑了e2(n)，同时加入了惩罚项γwT(n)A w(n)。where n is the time sequence number, e(n) is the error signal, γ is a constant greater than 0 and less than 1, w(n) is the controller coefficient of the feedback active control system to be designed, and A is a real symmetric Toeplitz positive definite matrix. The objective function not only considers e 2 (n), but also adds a penalty term γw T (n)A w(n).
(2)根据(1)中的目标函数，依据梯度下降法得到的w(n)自适应迭代方式为：(2) According to the objective function in (1), the adaptive iterative method of w(n) obtained by the gradient descent method is:
w(n+1)＝(I-μγA)w(n)-μe(n)x′(n)，w(n+1)=(I-μγA)w(n)-μe(n)x'(n),
其中I为单位矩阵，μ是大于0小于1的常数，x′(n)是滤波后的参考信号。该迭代方式表明，w(n)更新到w(n+1)时，不仅由μe(n)x′(n)决定，同时还要乘以(1)中惩罚项引出的(I-μγA)。Where I is an identity matrix, μ is a constant greater than 0 and less than 1, and x'(n) is a filtered reference signal. This iterative method shows that when w(n) is updated to w(n+1), it is not only determined by μe(n)x′(n), but also multiplied by (I-μγA) derived from the penalty term in (1) .
(3)在(2)的自适应迭代方式中，矩阵A中第i行第j列的元素定义为：(3) In the adaptive iterative method of (2), the element of row i and column j in matrix A is defined as:
其中，0＜ω1＜ω2＜ω3＜ω4＜π，0＜q1＜q2＜1。数学上可以证明，由a(i，j)定义的矩阵A在[ω2，ω3]频段内具有较大的权重q2，而在[ω2，ω3]频段外具有较小的权重q1，这种设置限制了(2)中w(n)在[ω2，ω3]频段内的幅频响应，从而可以有效降低[ω2，ω3]频段内反馈控制系统的噪声放大。Wherein, 0<ω 1 <ω 2 <ω 3 <ω 4 <π, 0<q 1 <q 2 <1. Mathematically, it can be proved that the matrix A defined by a(i, j) has a larger weight q 2 in the [ω 2 , ω 3 ] frequency band, and a smaller weight outside the [ω 2 , ω 3 ] frequency band q 1 , this setting limits the amplitude-frequency response of w(n) in (2) in the [ω 2 , ω 3 ] frequency band, thus effectively reducing the noise amplification of the feedback control system in the [ω 2 , ω 3 ] frequency band .
3、有益效果：本发明的显著特点是技术方案(1)中定义的目标函数既考虑了反馈有源控制系统的降噪性能(由e2(n)决定)，又加入了与噪声放大相关的约束(由γwT(n)Aw(n)决定)。与现有技术相比，本发明既是一种自适应的方法，可以根据环境的变化而自适应调整w(n)，又能对反馈系统中的噪声放大现象进行调节。因而本发明既可以克服离线设计方法对初始值敏感等不足，又可以直接运用到在线的反馈有源控制系统中。3. Beneficial effects: the notable feature of the present invention is that the objective function defined in the technical solution (1) has not only considered the noise reduction performance of the feedback active control system (determined by e 2 (n)), but also added the Constraints (determined by γw T (n)Aw(n)). Compared with the prior art, the present invention is not only an adaptive method, which can adjust w(n) adaptively according to the change of the environment, but also can adjust the noise amplification phenomenon in the feedback system. Therefore, the present invention can not only overcome the shortcomings of the off-line design method being sensitive to the initial value, but also can be directly applied to the on-line feedback active control system.
四、附图说明4. Description of drawings
图1是反馈有源控制系统的自适应设计方法。Figure 1 is an adaptive design method for feedback active control systems.
图2是有源降噪耳机实验示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an active noise reduction headset experiment.
图3是本发明与两种现有方法的实验对比结果Fig. 3 is the experimental contrast result of the present invention and two kinds of existing methods
五、具体实施方式5. Specific implementation
下面以单通道有源降噪耳机的实验对本发明做详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below with the experiment of a single-channel active noise reduction earphone.
1.实验条件1. Experimental conditions
在消声室中搭建图2所示的有源降噪耳机实验装置，选取基于H2/H∞的离线设计方法(B.Rafaely，S.J.Elliott，H2/H∞ active control of sound in a headrest：designand implementation，IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 7(1999)79-84)和基于FxLMS的在线设计方法(L.Wu，X.Qiu，Y.Guo，A simplified adaptive feedbackactive noise control system，Applied Acoustics 81(2014)40-46)与本发明所提出的设计方法进行比较，来验证本发明所提方法的有效性，其中本发明的目标是限制2400-4000Hz内的噪声发大。The active noise-canceling headphone experimental device shown in Figure 2 was built in the anechoic chamber, and the off-line design method based on H 2 /H ∞ was selected (B.Rafaely, SJ Elliott, H 2 /H ∞ active control of sound in a headrest: design and implementation, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 7(1999)79-84) and FxLMS-based online design method (L.Wu, X.Qiu, Y.Guo, A simplified adaptive feedbackactive noise control system, Applied Acoustics 81(2014 ) 40-46) are compared with the design method proposed in the present invention to verify the effectiveness of the method proposed in the present invention, wherein the goal of the present invention is to limit the noise within 2400-4000Hz.
2.实验结果2. Experimental results
实验结果如图3所示，对比图中虚线方框内的结果可以看出，“H2/H∞”有约6dB的噪声放大，“FxLMS”方法有约13dB的噪声放大，而本发明所提的方法几乎没有噪声放大。The experimental results are shown in Fig. 3, compared with the results in the dotted line box in the figure, it can be seen that "H 2 /H ∞ " has a noise amplification of about 6dB, and the "FxLMS" method has a noise amplification of about 13dB, while the present invention The proposed method has almost no noise amplification.
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| CN101887718A (en) * | 2010-04-12 | 2010-11-17 | 南京大学 | Improvement Method of Water Bed Effect in Feedback Active Noise Control System |
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| CN101887718A (en) * | 2010-04-12 | 2010-11-17 | 南京大学 | Improvement Method of Water Bed Effect in Feedback Active Noise Control System |
| CN103780522A (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-05-07 | 西安电子科技大学 | Non-orthogonal joint diagonalization instantaneous blind source separation method based on double iteration |
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Application publication date: 20181019 |