CN108680359A - Air-flow momentum gain measurement system and its application method and application - Google Patents
Air-flow momentum gain measurement system and its application method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108680359A CN108680359A CN201810649225.8A CN201810649225A CN108680359A CN 108680359 A CN108680359 A CN 108680359A CN 201810649225 A CN201810649225 A CN 201810649225A CN 108680359 A CN108680359 A CN 108680359A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/042—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring a single specific parameter not covered by groups G01M15/06 - G01M15/12
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Abstract
This application discloses a kind of air-flow momentum gain measurement systems, the system comprises pulsed laser light sources, light-conducting arm, beam splitter, front window observes camera, rear window observes camera, preceding window light conversion lens, window light conversion lens afterwards, combustion chamber and control computer, wherein, the pulsed laser light source emission pulse laser, the pulse laser is guided by light-conducting arm to the preceding window light conversion lens and rear window light conversion lens, the preceding window light conversion lens and rear window light conversion lens, the front window observation camera and rear window observation camera are arranged the horizontal position in the combustion chamber and are used to shoot window before and after the combustion chamber respectively, the control computer acquires and records data and controls the operating of the system.The assay method of air-flow momentum gain and the application of the system and the assay method are carried out disclosed herein as well is the air-flow momentum gain measurement system is used.
Description
Technical field
This application involves a kind of air-flow momentum gain measurement system and its application method and applications, belong to punching engine
Performance Evaluation and test measurement field.
Background technology
Punching engine includes sub- burning ramjet, scramjet engine and combinations thereof form, is that air suction type starts
One kind of machine is reacted using the oxygen in air as all or part of oxidant with self-contained fuel.With
Turbo charged aero-engine is different, it using impact supercharging principle, by fixed structure member come to high-speed flow into
Row compression and acceleration.Basic punching engine is made of air intake duct, diffuser, combustion chamber and jet pipe.Air intake duct captures simultaneously
Compressed air, then introduced gas into combustion chamber by diffuser.Air is chemically reacted with fuel in the combustion chamber, is led to
Cross the interior energy that chemical energy is changed into gas by burning.Gas accelerates by nozzle expansion, is ultimately discharged into air, jet pipe goes out at this time
The gas velocity of mouth is higher than the speed into before air intake duct, therefore just produces forward thrust.Thrust is that punching press is started
The Specifeca tion speeification of machine, it is a parameter for characterizing punching engine ability to work size.
Calculation formula is as follows：
F=meVe-ma Va+Ae(Pe-Pa)
Wherein, F：Motor power
Ve：The exhaust velocity of outside nozzle
Air quality flow in the unit interval of engine jet pipe exit
Va：Engine intake air velocity
Air quality flow in the engine intake unit interval
Pe：The combustion gas pressure of outside nozzle
Pa：Atmospheric pressure at engine working depth
Ae：The cross-sectional area of jet pipe deflation area
In thrust forms each section,It is net thrust, it is closely related with the flox condition of chamber performance and jet pipe；
maVaIt is ram drag, for scramjet engine, this accounts for prodigious ratio；Ae(Pe-Pa) it is pressure correction item,
The very little compared with first item.As the key index of engine, thrust is to assess the key parameter of function of the engine, number
Value depends mainly on the size of the momentum difference of inlet and outlet air-flowSize, also referred to as momentum yield value.This value
It is the most crucial index parameter of engine.This value is not measured directly in current engine test, and is pushed away by interior
Power, test bed thrust, thrust gain, cold thrust, picking power etc., various measurement results carry out comprehensive consideration.About scramjet engine
Thrust Performance Evaluation, reference can be made to National University of Defense technology's Master's thesis (《Investigation of Scramjet Engine Performance study on assessing method》Make
Person：Wang Fang, 2005) in be discussed in detail.In direct-connected engineering test parameter measured directly be thrust, pressure the two
Macroparameter, by the size and chamber wall surface pressure integrated value of the thrust gain value after obtaining combustion chamber before ignition come between
Connect the size for assessing the numerical value.The size of gas velocity angle value measures, and traditionally uses the contacts methods such as hot line instrument and pitot,
But these methods are only adapted to low speeds flow.For the punching press air-flow of high speed, conventional method can not use, and especially burn
In the case of, the value for obtaining air velocity is difficult.PIV methods are a kind of non-intrusion type flow field measurement methods, can be obtained
Two-dimensional flow field velocity magnitude, the one point data obtained compared to Doppler frequency shift method are compared, the data information that PIV methods measure
Measure bigger.The velocity amplitude in section is flowed to by PIV measurements, can extrapolate acceleration situation of air-flow during combustion flows,
So as to more clearly reflect the interior microscopic information of combustion chamber operational process.During motor power generates, jet pipe
VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION is interfered by various complicated wave systems.Therefore plane information data acquisition for velocity flow profile it is non-uniform in the case of
The assessment of air-flow accelerated condition be of great significance, especially scramjet engine, internal fluidal texture is extremely complex,
VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION inhomogeneities is more obvious.Obtain air-flow momentum gain need simultaneously measure engine import and export speed it is big
It is small.What existing PIV technologies mostly used is single sheet laser, is influenced by sheet laser irradiated area and uniform intensity distribution,
The region area of measurement is limited.It is worked at the same time according to more PIV systems, synchronous sequence control and sheet laser strength consistency control
That makes is difficult.Therefore, PIV technologies are measured applied to the Performance Evaluation of engine at present, are only limitted to fire under laboratory condition
The measurement of some indoor Complex Flows region local flow states is burnt, and fails thus to convert and obtains macroscopical thrust of engine
Performance.
Invention content
According to the one side of the application, a kind of air-flow momentum gain measurement system is provided, the system comprises pulses
Laser light source, light-conducting arm, beam splitter, front window observe camera, and rear window observes camera, preceding window light conversion lens, and rear window light turns
Change camera lens, combustion chamber and control computer, wherein the pulsed laser light source emission pulse laser, the pulse laser is by leaded light
Arm is guided to the preceding window light conversion lens and rear window light conversion lens, the preceding window light conversion lens and rear window light
Conversion lens, the front window observation camera and rear window observation camera are arranged the horizontal position in the combustion chamber and for clapping respectively
The front and back window of the combustion chamber is taken the photograph, the control computer acquires and records data and controls the operating of the system.
Observation camera in the present invention is disposed perpendicular to the direction of planar chip light, corresponds respectively to the front and back of combustion chamber
Window.
Preferably, the front window observation camera and rear window observation camera are CCD cameras.
CCD camera camera lens in the present invention preferably uses microspur tight shot, has added optical filter before camera lens, has filtered out background
The influence of light, when experiment, ambient light was isolated with experimental section as possible.In a preferred embodiment, camera is most short across frame time
200ns。
Camera lens preferably uses microspur tight shot, has added optical filter before camera lens, filters out the influence of bias light, and when experiment is most
Amount is isolated by ambient light with experimental section.
Preferably, the optical maser wavelength that the pulsed laser light source generates is 532nm, and the pulse duration is the point of 6ns
Shape laser.
Laser light source used in the present invention can have a variety of different wavelength and one pulse time, select above-mentioned ginseng
The reason of several lasers, is that the laser is the mainstream type selecting parameter of current such experiment, at low cost, is derived from a wealth of sources, property
It can stablize.
Preferably, the preceding window light conversion lens and rear window light conversion lens are made of convex lens and cylindrical lens, institute
It is 10-15m, preferably 12.5mm, focal length of convex lens 800-1200mm, preferably 1000mm to state cylindrical lens focal length.
Preferably, the distance between the preceding window light conversion lens and rear window light conversion lens is 0.2-2m.
Preferably, the system also includes isochronous controller, the isochronous controller respectively with the pulse in the system
Laser light source, front window observation camera, rear window observation camera are connected with control computer, for coordinating the synchronization work between each component
Make.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the system is operating, isochronous controller sends out signal triggering camera,
Camera can pass feedback signal back synchronizer after receiving trigger signal, and at the same time, the first frame of CCD camera starts to expose.
After pulse delay by the laser of setting, laser sends out the first beam pulse and illuminates stream in the first exposed frame of camera
Nano-particle in completes the capture of the first width particle picture.Then, the second frames of CCD start to expose, while storing first frame
Image, the second beam laser pulse is sent out in the exposure time interval, realizes the second width particle figure in a given time interval
The capture and storage of picture.The KPT Scatter image of acquisition is to being used to calculate flow field velocity.
Preferably, the system also wrap be arranged between preceding window light conversion lens and rear window light conversion lens it is N number of
Piece light conversion lens；
And it is correspondingly disposed in N number of window on combustion chamber, wherein each piece light conversion lens correspond to a window；
And it is correspondingly disposed in N number of observation camera of each window level position, wherein each observation camera is for clapping
Take the photograph the window of its corresponding position.
The principle of PIV particle image velocimetries is to calculate each position for interrogating interior particle in area using cross correlation algorithm first
Move, later according to across frame time the speed interrogated in area is calculated, also using calculated velocity field can calculate vorticity,
The flow field parameters such as streamline.The core of PIV speed field computations is the calculating of displacement vector.When the calculating speed fields PIV, by entire image
It is divided into several and interrogates area, interrogates area's point for what is given in the first image, the second width image of traversal each interrogates area, when two width
When gray value is multiplied maximum in image, two lines interrogated between area are the direction of displacement vector, according to it is across frame when
Between, you can to calculate the speed for interrogating area, and so on, the speed in entire flow field can be calculated.
Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, by biplate radiant and then can be extended to using multi-disc
Light PIV light sources, with formed it is multiple interrogate area, obtain abundanter parameter.And monolithic light PIV systems are used in the prior art
Flow field regions are limited by the size of piece light irradiated area, can only obtain the velocity field of a certain regional area in flow field.The local message
The thrust macro property of engine can not be obtained.
According to another aspect of the present invention, it provides and carries out air-flow momentum using the air-flow momentum gain measurement system
The method of gain measurement, the method includes：
1) high-speed flow containing trace particle is introduced into combustion chamber, and carries out spray and combustion process in the combustion chamber；
2) by the single beam laser beam splitting of pulsed laser light source, and sheet laser is obtained by conversion lens；
3) it observes camera using front window and rear window observation camera obtains combustion chamber inlet and outlet areas adjacent and flows to section simultaneously
Speed field distribution；
4) air-flow momentum yield value is obtained by extracting the inlet and outlet speed difference of relevant position and being multiplied with mass flow.
Preferably, the yield value of the air-flow momentum is calculated by following formula：
I=me Ve-ma Va
Wherein, I is the yield value of air-flow momentum,
VeIt is the exhaust velocity at combustor exit,
It is the gas mass flow at combustor exit in the unit interval,
VaIt is combustion chamber inlet air speed,
It is the gas mass flow in the combustion chamber import entity time.
The air-flow momentum gain measurement system and the air-flow momentum are provided according to another aspect of the present invention
Application of the gain measuring method in measuring engine inlet and outlet air-flow momentum yield value.
The advantageous effect that the application can generate includes：
1) the momentum yield value of air-flow accelerator is directly measured, can directly assesses the production of engine net thrust
Raw process；
2) the thrust forming process that air-flow accelerates in engine combustion room is directly measured, combustion chamber and spray can be intuitively reproduced
The heat to power output process of pipe enriches all kinds of thrust data information in experiment；
3) optical method for measuring engine is used to flow to the two-dimension speed field information in section, not to the interior flow field of engine
It will produce directly flowing interference；
4) non-uniform in disengaging/mouth air velocity, compared to one-dimensional speed measurement method, speed can be improved
The measurement accuracy of momentum, especially nozzle exit and super burn combustion chamber are by various wave system disturbance velocity situations unevenly distributed；
5) two beams or multi beam piece light derive from same pulse laser, solve intensity distribution between each sheet laser and
Synchronousness problem, avoids the test error thus brought, and the light channel structure of simultaneity factor is fairly simple.
Description of the drawings
The view constituted part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
Example and its explanation are applied for explaining the present invention, does not constitute inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the system principle schematic diagram of monolithic light PIV systems；
Fig. 2 is the air-flow momentum gain measurement system schematic diagram based on biplate light PIV；
Fig. 3 is the fore-and-aft observing window PIV image calculation results that the biplate light PIV systematic surveys described in Fig. 2 obtain；
Fig. 4 is that air-flow momentum gain measuring method is applied to sub- burning ramjet schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is that air-flow momentum gain measuring method is applied to scramjet engine schematic diagram.
The meaning represented by reference numerals in figure is as follows：
1 is pulsed laser light source, and 2 be laser guide arm, and 3 be the spacing distance of biplate light, and 4 be front window observation camera, 5
It is rear window observation camera, 6 be preceding window light, and 7 be rear window light, and 8 be preceding window light conversion lens, and 9 be rear window light conversion mirror
Head, 10 be the combustion chamber of front and back windowing, and 11 be the beam splitter of light-conducting arm, and 12 be data acquisition and control computer, and 13 be synchronous control
Device processed, 14 be ICCD cameras.
Specific implementation mode
The system and method for the application are further described below in conjunction with attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is the system principle schematic diagram of monolithic light PIV systems.PIV systems are by computer (12), isochronous controller
(13), CCD camera (14) and pulsed laser light source 1 form.Computer is used for controlling sequential, acquisition and the guarantor of PIV systems
Deposit picture.Isochronous controller is controlled to the laser and CCD camera for generating pulsed laser light source from computer and sends out instruction；CCD
The time for exposure of camera, pulse laser can be adjusted across frame time by computer software.Background laser light beam is using double
Chamber frequency multiplication Nd:YAG laser generation wavelength is the point-like laser of 532nm, and the pulse duration is as short as 6ns, pulse highest
Energy is up to 500mJ, and energy of lasers is adjustable in 200mJ or so when experiment.Point-like laser becomes by convex lens and cylindrical lens
Planar chip light.According to the test condition of laboratory, cylindrical lens focal length is 12.5mm used in preference, and focal length of convex lens is
1000mm, the piece optical thickness verified are 0.5mm.Acquire KPT Scatter image using interline transfer type CCD, camera it is most short across
Frame time 200ns.CCD camera is disposed perpendicular to the direction of planar chip light, and camera lens preferably uses microspur tight shot, before camera lens
Optical filter is added, has filtered out the influence of bias light, when experiment, ambient light was isolated with experimental section as possible.When work, synchronous control
Device sends out signal triggering camera, and camera can pass feedback signal back synchronizer after receiving trigger signal, at the same time, CCD phases
The first frame of machine starts to expose.After pulse delay by the laser of setting, laser sends out the first beam pulse in camera
The first exposed frame when illumination flow field in nano-particle, complete the first width particle picture capture.Then, the second frames of CCD are opened
Begin to expose, while storing the image of first frame, the second beam laser pulse is sent out in the exposure time interval, is realized to timing
Between be spaced in the second width particle picture capture and storage.The KPT Scatter image of acquisition is to being used to calculate flow field velocity.PIV
The principle that subgraph tests the speed is to calculate each displacement for interrogating interior particle in area using cross correlation algorithm first, later according to across
Frame time calculates the speed interrogated in area, can also calculate the flow fields such as vorticity, streamline ginseng using calculated velocity field
Number.The core of PIV speed field computations is the calculating of displacement vector.When the calculating speed fields PIV, entire image is divided into several and is looked into
It asks area, interrogates area's point for what is given in the first image, the second width image of traversal each interrogates area, when gray value in two images
When being multiplied maximum, two lines interrogated between area are the direction of displacement vector, according to across frame time, you can to calculate
This interrogates the speed in area, and so on, the speed in entire flow field can be calculated.The flow field regions of monolithic light PIV systems by
The size of piece light irradiated area limits, and can only obtain the velocity field of a certain regional area in flow field.The local message can not be sent out
The thrust macro property of motivation.
On the basis of monolithic light PIV systems obtain flow field and flow to section speed Flow Field Numerical, the present invention proposes to be based on biplate
The PIV systems of light or multi-disc light can obtain the velocity field letter of multiple flow field sectional positions under the conditions of single laser light source
Breath.Fig. 2 show biplate light PIV system schematics.Selected example is direct-connect test situation, the high speed gas containing trace particle
Stream enters the combustion chamber (10) of front and back windowing.Spray and the combustion process for carrying out fuel in the combustion chamber, complete heat to power output mistake
Journey.After pulsed laser light source (1) generates, transmitted through laser guide arm (2).Light beam is equal when by the beam splitter of light-conducting arm
Even to be separated out two strands of consistent light beams of intensity, each light velocity continuation is transmitted along the respective light-conducting arm of person.Linear laser quilt later
Respective preceding window light conversion lens (8) and rear window light conversion lens (9) are converted into sheet laser, so far form certain intervals
Two beam sheet lasers.The spacing distance (3) of biplate light can be adjusted according to the demand of testing ground.Preceding window light (6) spoke
It is recorded by front window observation camera (4) according to the dispersion image that flow field generates；The dispersion image quilt that window light (7) irradiation flow field generates afterwards
Rear window is observed camera (5) and is recorded.Isochronous controller (13) is used to coordinate the synchronous working between each component.
Fig. 3 is the fore-and-aft observing window PIV image calculation results that the biplate light PIV systematic surveys described in Fig. 2 obtain.According to
PIV calculation results can obtain the different velocity product score value size u flowed on section respectively1、u2、u3、u4。
(i=1,2,3,4, h：Runner height)
Speed gain value u on same section2–u1, u4–u3It can be used for assessing local air flow gain, the difference on different cross section
Value can assess the speed difference of inlet port, and be converted into air-flow momentum yield value.
Fig. 4 air-flow momentum gain measuring methods are applied to sub- burning ramjet schematic diagram.Biplate light is respectively placed in air inlet
Road entrance and nozzle exit obtain air-flow momentum yield value.
Fig. 5 air-flow momentum gain measuring methods are applied to scramjet engine schematic diagram.Biplate light is respectively placed in air inlet
Road entrance and nozzle exit obtain air-flow momentum yield value.Or multi-disc light is located in super burn combustion chamber, obtains air-flow momentum gain
Propagation process.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiment of the present invention, are not used in the limitation present invention.All spirit and original in the present invention
Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements, reduced scale or amplification for being done within then etc., should be included in protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of air-flow momentum gain measurement system, which is characterized in that the system comprises pulsed laser light source, light-conducting arm, divide
Beam device, front window observation camera, rear window observation camera, preceding window light conversion lens, rear window light conversion lens, combustion chamber and control
Computer；
Wherein, the pulsed laser light source emission pulse laser, the pulse laser are guided by light-conducting arm to the preceding window light
Conversion lens and rear window light conversion lens, the preceding window light conversion lens and rear window light conversion lens, the front window are seen
It surveys camera and horizontal position in the combustion chamber is arranged and for before and after respectively shooting the combustion chamber in rear window observation camera
Window, the control computer acquire and record data and control the operating of the system.
2. air-flow momentum gain measurement system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the front window observation camera is with after
It is CCD camera that window, which observes camera,.
3. air-flow momentum gain measurement system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pulsed laser light source generates
Optical maser wavelength be 532nm, the pulse duration be 6ns point-like laser.
4. air-flow momentum gain measurement system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the preceding window light conversion lens
It is made of convex lens and cylindrical lens with rear window light conversion lens, the cylindrical lens focal length is 10-15mm, and focal length of convex lens is
800-1200mm。
5. air-flow momentum gain measurement system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the preceding window light conversion lens
Distance between rear window light conversion lens is 0.2-2m.
6. air-flow momentum gain measurement system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that controlled the system also includes synchronous
Device processed, the isochronous controller respectively in the system pulsed laser light source, front window observation camera, rear window observation camera and
Computer connection is controlled, for coordinating the synchronous working between each component.
7. air-flow momentum gain measurement system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the system, which is also wrapped, to be arranged preceding
N number of light conversion lens between window light conversion lens and rear window light conversion lens；
And it is correspondingly disposed in N number of window on combustion chamber, wherein each piece light conversion lens correspond to a window；
And it is correspondingly disposed in N number of observation camera of each window level position, wherein each observation camera is for shooting it
The window of corresponding position.
8. a kind of air-flow momentum gain measurement system using described in any one of claim 1-7 carries out air-flow momentum gain
The method of measurement, which is characterized in that the method includes：
1) high-speed flow containing trace particle is introduced into combustion chamber, and carries out spray and combustion process in the combustion chamber；
2) by the single beam laser beam splitting of pulsed laser light source, and sheet laser is obtained by conversion lens；
3) it observes camera using front window and rear window observation camera obtains combustion chamber and imports and exports the speed that areas adjacent flows to section simultaneously
Spend field distribution；
4) air-flow momentum yield value is obtained by extracting the inlet and outlet speed difference of relevant position and being multiplied with mass flow.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the yield value of the air-flow momentum is calculated by following formula：
Wherein, I is the yield value of air-flow momentum,
VeIt is the exhaust velocity at combustor exit,
It is the gas mass flow at combustor exit in the unit interval,
VaIt is combustion chamber inlet air speed,
It is the gas mass flow in the combustion chamber import entity time.
10. any one of air-flow momentum gain measurement system and claim 8-9 described in any one of claim 1-7
Application of the air-flow momentum gain measuring method in measuring engine inlet and outlet air-flow momentum yield value.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111473943A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-07-31 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | PIV near-wall data processing method and device and storage medium |
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| 席文雄: ""冲压发动机凹腔燃烧室试验研究与数值模拟"", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅱ辑》 * |
| 李志平: ""激光粒子图像测量中示踪粒子特性及实验方法研究"", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库基础科技辑》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111473943A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-07-31 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | PIV near-wall data processing method and device and storage medium |
| CN111473943B (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2022-02-22 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | PIV near-wall data processing method and device and storage medium |
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| CN108680359B (en) | 2021-01-01 |
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