CN108676569B - Combined solid organic matter pyrolysis device - Google Patents
Combined solid organic matter pyrolysis device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108676569B CN108676569B CN201810527667.5A CN201810527667A CN108676569B CN 108676569 B CN108676569 B CN 108676569B CN 201810527667 A CN201810527667 A CN 201810527667A CN 108676569 B CN108676569 B CN 108676569B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/18—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with moving charge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/005—After-treatment of coke, e.g. calcination desulfurization
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/12—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices
- F26B11/14—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices the stirring device moving in a horizontal or slightly-inclined plane
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
Modular solid organic matter pyrolysis device, including vertical pyrolysis chamber and the heating chamber that the interval set up side by side in proper order in turn, the heating chamber is separated into a formula of turning back that turns back and rise in succession by baffle and baffling hole, be equipped with a stirrer in the vertical pyrolysis chamber, the communicating pipe of agitator tip is linked together with adjacent agitator with it, and form one through the agitator with turn back the formula of turning back that rises in succession and heat the passageway, the agitator middle part is the agitator tube, there are drum and bobbin at the agitator tube both ends respectively, be equipped with drive agitator pivoted gear on the one end bobbin, the rotation opposite direction of two adjacent agitators about in the same vertical pyrolysis chamber, vertical pyrolysis chamber top installation feed arrangement, bottom installation discharging device. The invention adopts the methods of heating by the transverse partition wall outside the heating chamber and heating and stirring by the horizontal partition wall inside the stirrer, has large heating area, small thermal resistance, good air permeability, uniform heating, high heat transfer efficiency and low energy consumption, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a combined type solid organic matter pyrolysis device, belongs to the field of solid organic matter pyrolysis, and is used for pyrolysis of solid organic matters and drying of the solid organic matters.
Background
China has a large amount of solid organic matters to be treated every year, the waste solid organic matters generally comprise waste plastics, waste rubber, residual oil, oil shale, coal dust, straws, wood chips and the like, particularly the waste plastics and the waste rubber solid organic matters contained in the growing urban garbage, and the common method for treating the waste solid organic matters comprises landfill, incineration and cracking.
(1) Burying: the landfill needs to occupy a large amount of land and farmland, and simultaneously pollutes underground water, and because the waste plastics and the waste tires are solid organic matters which are difficult to degrade by high molecules, the natural degradation can be carried out in 500 to 1000 years after the landfill.
(2) And (3) incineration: dioxin is generated by burning, and both waste plastics and waste tires contain C, H, O, Cl elements, and when the burning smoke temperature is reversible at 400-600 ℃, the dioxin is generated, is a serious carcinogen, is difficult to select sites of general burning plants, and is often strongly resisted and objected by nearby residents. The waste plastics and the waste tires are precious raw materials rather than fuels, and the useful chemical raw materials are recycled firstly, and then the residual carbon is combusted to be economical and environment-friendly.
(3) Cracking: cracking is an effective recycling method, a horizontal rotary kiln is generally adopted to intermittently operate pyrolysis equipment at present, and the production method has serious pollution, high energy consumption, high labor intensity, unsafety and low productivity, so the method is strictly limited by national and local government policies. And so-called new technologies such as: light wave cracking, plasma cracking, electromagnetic pyrolysis, intermediate frequency pyrolysis and the like cannot be applied due to high power consumption and high production cost.
Pyrolysis is a process of anaerobic cracking using thermal energy. In order to solve the environmental protection problem caused by the increasing waste solid organic matters and avoid the problems of high pollution, high energy consumption, multiple potential safety hazards, high labor intensity and the like caused by the utilization of intermittent pyrolysis equipment, several companies develop horizontal continuous pyrolysis production equipment in China, and the horizontal continuous pyrolysis production equipment cannot be popularized and applied due to the problems of structure, sealing, low capacity and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention develops a combined type solid organic matter pyrolysis device which is formed by alternately combining a plurality of vertical pyrolysis chambers and heating chambers at intervals, has large heating area and high production capacity, is continuously fed and continuously discharged, is suitable for large-scale industrial production, is safe, environment-friendly and energy-saving in the production process, pyrolysis products comprise pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas and carbon residues, the pyrolysis gas is purified and then is returned to a furnace for combustion and heating, the residual gas is used for power generation or boiler burning to produce steam, and combustion smoke (mainly CO2) is pollution-free; recycling the pyrolysis oil; the char residue may be further produced into carbon black or a doped-doped boiler.
The invention aims to solve the problems of serious pollution, high energy consumption, multiple potential safety hazards, high production cost, low capacity and the like of the traditional domestic solid organic matter pyrolysis device and provide a combined solid organic matter pyrolysis device. The combined solid organic matter pyrolysis device is formed by alternately combining a plurality of vertical pyrolysis chambers and heating chambers at intervals, the external partition walls on the left side and the right side of each vertical pyrolysis chamber are used for heating, a plurality of stirrers are longitudinally arranged in each vertical pyrolysis chamber, and the stirrers are used for stirring and heating. The device has the advantages of large heating area, small thermal resistance, good air permeability, reproducible combination of units, high productivity, continuous feeding and continuous slag discharging, oxygen insulation and continuity in the whole production process, no pollution in the process, low energy consumption, safety and reliability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the combined type solid organic matter pyrolysis device is developed and consists of a plurality of vertical pyrolysis chambers and heating chambers which are alternately connected in parallel. Each vertical pyrolysis chamber is a rectangular cavity, heating chambers are arranged on the left side and the right side of each vertical pyrolysis chamber at intervals, and the heating chambers play a role in external heating; the vertical pyrolysis chamber is provided with a front stirring wall and a rear stirring wall, a plurality of stirrers are horizontally arranged on the stirring wall of the vertical pyrolysis chamber from top to bottom, and the stirrers play a role in internally heating and stirring materials. A plurality of feeding devices are arranged on each vertical pyrolysis chamber, and 1 pyrolysis gas outlet pipe is respectively arranged on two sides of each feeding device; several discharging devices are respectively arranged below each vertical pyrolysis chamber, and the feeding device and the discharging devices respectively play a role in continuous feeding, discharging and sealing. The whole structure of each heating chamber is a rectangular cavity, a plurality of horizontal flues are arranged above and below the heating chamber, and heating gas passes through the horizontal flues to release heat to the partition wall to heat materials in the vertical pyrolysis chamber.
The stirrer consists of stirring shaft cylinders at two ends, shaft drums and a plurality of stirring pipes in the middle, wherein the plurality of stirring pipes in the middle are communicated with the stirring shaft cylinders at two ends through the shaft drums at two sides. The shaft drum is a short cylinder body with two ports provided with drum surfaces and is horizontally arranged. A shaft drum is arranged on the left side, a disc with a shaft hole in the center is welded at the outer side port, and a disc with a plurality of airflow holes is welded at the inner side port; and a disk with a plurality of airflow holes is welded at the inner side port of the shaft drum on the right, and a disk with a shaft hole in the center is welded at the outer side port of the shaft drum. The central positions of the discs with the airflow holes at the inner sides of the left and the right shaft drums are provided with central airflow holes, the periphery of the central airflow holes is provided with a plurality of airflow holes in a mode of surrounding the central airflow holes, the ports at the two ends of the central stirring pipe are welded with the left and the right central airflow holes, and the ports at the two ends of the stirring pipes are welded with the peripheral airflow holes. A stirring shaft cylinder is coaxially welded with the central stirring pipe at the central position of the disc with the shaft hole at the outer side of the left shaft drum; and a stirring shaft cylinder is coaxially welded with the central stirring pipe at the central position of the disk with the shaft hole on the outer side of the shaft drum on the right side, two bearing bushes are respectively arranged on the two stirring shaft cylinders, and the stirrer is arranged on a shaft sleeve of the stirring wall through the bearing bushes of the two stirring shaft cylinders. The heated gas can enter a plurality of stirring pipes in the middle through the left stirring shaft cylinder and the shaft drum and then is discharged through the right shaft drum and the stirring shaft cylinder, so that a horizontal heating channel is formed. In the vertical pyrolysis chamber, the stirrer not only can stir materials, reduce thermal resistance, increase air permeability, heat uniformly and increase heat transfer effect, but also can greatly increase heating area, play a role in internal heating, and solve the problems of large thermal resistance, long heating time and low heat transfer efficiency of static indirect heating materials.
The vertical pyrolysis chamber and the heating chamber are alternately and parallelly combined to form a set of rapid pyrolysis device. The left side and the right side of each vertical pyrolysis chamber are respectively provided with a heating chamber; the front end and the rear end of each vertical pyrolysis chamber are respectively provided with a stirring wall, and the stirrer is arranged on the stirring wall through a sealing shaft sleeve.
Therein is provided withThe vertical pyrolysis chamber is provided with a plurality of stirrers which are horizontally arranged from top to bottom, a communicating pipe outside the stirring wall is arranged between the upper stirrer and the lower stirrer, the stirring shaft cylinders of the stirrers are connected in series, a snake-shaped channel is formed from top to bottom, the stirrers rotate to heat and stir materials in the vertical pyrolysis chamber, and one communicating pipe is 180 DEG0The diameter of the reducing elbow of the angle is large at one end and small at the other end.
For example: a plurality of stirrers are horizontally arranged up and down on the front stirring wall and the rear stirring wall of one of the vertical pyrolysis chambers, wherein the stirrer at the lowest position is a No. 1 stirrer, and the stirrers from bottom to top are No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 … to the uppermost stirrer in sequence. At the front end of the stirring shaft cylinder of the No. 1 stirrer, heated gas enters the stirring shaft cylinder, passes through the shaft drum and the gas distribution plate, passes through the stirring pipe, and is discharged from the rear gas distribution plate, the shaft drum and the stirring shaft cylinder. At the rear end of a mixing shaft cylinder, the outlet of the mixing shaft cylinder is inserted into the big end of a communicating pipe, the small end of the communicating pipe is inserted into the mixing shaft cylinder at the rear end of a 2# stirrer, the big end and the small end of the communicating pipe are connected with the 1# stirrer and the mixing shaft cylinder at the rear end of the 2# stirrer, heating gas enters the mixing shaft cylinder at the rear end of the 2# stirrer through the big end and the small end of the communicating pipe, passes through a shaft drum and an airflow distribution plate, passes through a mixing pipe, and is discharged from the airflow distribution plate at the front end of the 2# stirrer, the shaft drum and the mixing shaft cylinder. Similarly, the stirring shaft cylinders at the front ends of the 3# stirrer and the 4# stirrer are also communicated by the large head and the small head of the communicating pipe, and the heating gas enters the stirring shaft cylinder at the front end of the 4# stirrer through the communicating pipe, passes through the shaft drum and the airflow distribution plate, passes through the horizontal stirring pipe, enters the airflow distribution plate and the shaft drum at the rear end of the 4# stirrer and is discharged by the stirring shaft cylinders. And so on. A rotating gear is arranged on the stirring shaft barrel at the heating gas discharge end of each stirrer, the gears of the stirrers with even numbers at the front end are driven by a motor to rotate through a chain, and the gears of the stirrers with odd numbers at the rear end are driven by the motor to rotate in the opposite direction through the chain, so that the function of stirring materials is achieved. And sealing is realized by filling materials at the inlet and the outlet of each communicating pipe and the upper and lower shaft cylinders, and each communicating pipe is fixed by a fixed bracket.
The stirrer in other vertical pyrolysis chambers and the communication and fixing method thereof are similar. The heating gas emits heat through the stirrer, the material is heated and pyrolyzed, the heating gas continuously rises and flows, the reverse dividing wall heats the descending material of the vertical pyrolysis chamber, and the material is heated uniformly with large temperature difference. Meanwhile, the stirrer rotates to stir and turn over the materials, so that the thermal resistance of the materials is reduced, the materials are heated uniformly, the heat transfer efficiency is improved, and the pyrolysis gas can escape.
The left side and the right side of the vertical pyrolysis chamber are respectively provided with a heating chamber, each heating chamber is a rectangular cavity, the upper part and the lower part of the heating chamber are divided into a plurality of layers of horizontal flues by partition plates, and the front end or the rear end of each partition plate is respectively provided with a baffling hole which is communicated with the upper layer of horizontal flues and the lower layer of horizontal flues, so that a snake-shaped heating channel which turns back and rises through the horizontal flues and the baffling holes is formed in the heating chamber.
For example: in the heating chamber on the left side of the 1 st vertical pyrolysis chamber, the horizontal flue at the lowest part of the heating chamber is the 1 st horizontal flue, and the horizontal flues from the bottom to the top are the 2 nd, the 3 rd, the 4 th … layers to the uppermost horizontal flue in sequence. From bottom to top, the baffle that is located between 1 st, 2 nd layer horizontal flue is close to the position of front end, leaves the baffling hole, is located the baffle that is located between 2 nd, 3 rd layer horizontal flue and is close to the position of rear end, leaves the baffling hole to analogize … in this way. The rear end of the 1 st layer of horizontal flue is provided with a heating gas inlet, and the rear end of the uppermost horizontal flue is provided with a heating gas outlet.
The horizontal flues, the partition plates and the baffling holes of other heating chambers have the same structure as that of the heating chamber. Through the design, in order to heat the continuous ascending flow of gas, the reverse partition wall heats the descending material of the vertical pyrolysis chamber, and the material is uniformly heated with large temperature difference. The stirrer and the heating chamber are arranged to heat the material uniformly, with the heating gases flowing substantially in opposite directions.
The top of each vertical pyrolysis chamber is connected with a plurality of feeding devices, the feeding devices are connected by feed hoppers and star-shaped valve bodies, and the bottoms of the star-shaped valve bodies of the feeding devices are arranged on the top of the vertical pyrolysis chamber along the front-back direction. The feeding hopper is an inverted trapezoidal cylinder with a cover, the star-shaped valve body is a rectangular cylinder body in which a star-shaped valve is installed, the rectangular cylinder body is formed by welding and enclosing a pair of rectangular plates which are arc-shaped up and down and a pair of rectangular plates, a shaft sleeve is installed at the center of each rectangular plate and used for installing a valve shaft of the star-shaped valve, and the center of the other pair of rectangular plates is arc-shaped and suitable for rotation of the star-shaped valve. The star valve is composed of a valve shaft and a valve tooth plate, wherein the valve tooth plate is generally provided with 3-6 blocks which are equidistantly welded on the valve shaft along the axial direction and in the radiation direction, the valve shaft is arranged on the wall of the rectangular cylinder body through a shaft sleeve, and the valve tooth plate is arranged between the two rectangular circular arc plates. The star valve plays a role in continuous feeding and sealing, is similar to a revolving door of an office building, and plays a role in continuous entering and exiting and sealing. And a pyrolysis gas outlet pipe is respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the feeding device at the top of each vertical pyrolysis chamber.
The bottom of each vertical pyrolysis chamber is connected with a plurality of discharging devices, the discharging devices are also connected by discharging hoppers and star-shaped valve bodies, and the tops of the discharging hoppers of the discharging devices are arranged at the bottom of the vertical pyrolysis chamber along the front-back direction. The discharge hopper is also an inverted trapezoidal cylinder, and the star-shaped valve body is a star-shaped valve arranged in the rectangular cylinder and plays a role in continuous closed discharging. And a cooling water coil is arranged outside the discharge hopper and used for cooling the carbon residue.
Obviously, the combined solid organic matter pyrolysis device provided by the invention adopts a method of heating by the transverse partition wall outside the heating chamber and heating and stirring by the horizontal partition wall inside the stirrer, and has the advantages of large heating area, small thermal resistance, good air permeability, uniform heating, high heat transfer efficiency, reproducible unit, large production capacity and low energy consumption, thereby being suitable for large-scale industrial production. The continuous, stable and safe production process is ensured by the sealing action of the star-shaped valve on the feeding hopper and the star-shaped valve on the discharging device. The combination of internal and external heating and dynamic and static of the device well solves the problems of the domestic intermittent and continuous operation pyrolysis device for solid organic matters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a combined solid organic matter pyrolysis apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line a-a of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken at a position B-B of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken at the position C-C of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken at the position D-D of fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of two agitators adjacent one another.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a series of agitators connected in series with each other in a vertical pyrolysis chamber.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a shaft drum at each end of a mixer.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the communicating tubes at both ends of the agitator.
Wherein: 1. heating chamber, 2, vertical pyrolysis chamber, 3, agitator, 4, feed arrangement, 5, discharging device, 6, pyrolysis gas outlet duct
11. A clapboard, 12, a horizontal flue, 13, a baffling hole, 14, an air inlet, 15 and an air outlet,
21. a stirring wall 22, a stirring air inlet 23, a stirring air outlet 24, a communicating pipe 25, a big end 26 and a small end,
31. a stirring shaft cylinder 32, a shaft drum 33, a stirring pipe 34, a gear 35 and a stirring column,
41. a feed hopper, 42, a feed hopper cover, 43, a rectangular cylinder, 44 a star-shaped valve,
51. a discharge hopper 52 and a cooling water coil pipe.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1-9, the combined pyrolysis apparatus for solid organic matter is characterized in that the apparatus comprises a plurality of vertical pyrolysis chambers 2 and a plurality of heating chambers 1, the vertical pyrolysis chambers 2 and the heating chambers 1 are alternately arranged side by side in sequence at intervals, the left side and the right side of each vertical pyrolysis chamber 2 are respectively provided with one heating chamber 1, each vertical pyrolysis chamber 2 is a rectangular cavity, the front side and the back side of each vertical pyrolysis chamber 2 are provided with stirring walls 21, and a row of horizontally arranged stirrers 3 is arranged in each vertical pyrolysis chamber 2 from top to bottom;
each heating chamber 1 is a rectangular cavity, each heating chamber 1 is vertically divided into a plurality of horizontal flues 12 by partition plates 11, a baffling hole 13 is reserved at the front end or the rear end of each partition plate 11, the baffling holes 13 are communicated with the two adjacent horizontal flues 12 up and down, one end of the horizontal flue 12 at the lowest layer is provided with a heating air inlet 14, the baffling hole 13 of the partition plate 11 at the lowest layer is arranged at one end far away from the heating air inlet 14, the baffling holes 13 of the two adjacent partition plates 11 are respectively arranged at two ends of the heating chamber 1, one end of the horizontal flue 12 at the uppermost layer far away from the baffling hole 13 of the partition plate 11 at the uppermost layer is provided with a heating air outlet 15, and therefore a continuous and turn-back type heating channel which turns back and rises through the horizontal flues 12 and the baffling holes;
each stirrer 3 comprises a plurality of stirring pipes 33 positioned in the middle of the stirrer 3, two ends of each stirring pipe 33 are respectively communicated with the shaft drums 32, the outer sides of the two shaft drums 32 are respectively communicated with the shaft barrel 31, each shaft barrel 31 is provided with a bearing bush, the stirring wall 21 is provided with a shaft sleeve, the bearing bushes on the shaft barrels 31 at the front end and the rear end of each stirrer 3 are respectively arranged in the shaft sleeves of the stirring walls 21 at the front side and the rear side, and the outer side surfaces of the stirring walls 21 at the front side and the rear side are respectively provided with outer ports of the shaft barrels 31 at the front side and the rear side;
the shaft drum 32 is a hollow oblate cylinder with a horizontal axis, the center of the outer side of the shaft drum 32 is a shaft hole, and a plurality of airflow holes are formed in the inner side of the shaft drum; the heated gas enters one end of the stirring pipe 33 through the shaft barrel 31 and the shaft drum 32 at one end of the stirrer 3, and is discharged from the other end of the stirring pipe 33 after sequentially passing through the shaft drum 32 and the shaft barrel 31 at the end, so that a horizontal heating channel is formed;
a stirring air inlet 22 is arranged at the outer port of the shaft barrel 31 at one end of each lowest stirrer 3 far away from the heating air inlet 14, a stirring air outlet 23 is arranged at one end of each uppermost stirrer 3, a plurality of communicating pipes 24 for communicating two adjacent outer ports are arranged above the stirring air inlet 22, a plurality of communicating pipes 24 for connecting two adjacent outer ports are also arranged at one end of each stirrer 3 close to the heating air inlet pipe 14, and each layer of stirrer 3 is communicated with the adjacent stirrer 3 through the communicating pipes 24 at the two ends of the stirrer 3; the stirrers 3 are connected in series through the communicating pipes 24 at the two ends of the stirrer 3, the heated gas entering the vertical pyrolysis chamber 2 firstly enters the stirrer 3 at the lowest layer through the stirring gas inlet 22 and is discharged from the other end of the stirrer 3 at the lowest layer, and then repeatedly turns back through the communicating pipes 24 at the two ends of the stirrer 3 to enter the stirrer 3 at the upper layer until the heated gas is discharged from the stirring gas outlet 23 at one end of the stirrer 3 at the uppermost layer, so that a turn-back type stirring/heating channel which continuously turns back and rises through the stirrer 3 and the communicating pipes 24 is formed in the vertical pyrolysis chamber 2;
the heating gas of the stirrer 3 and the heating gas of the heating chamber 1 flow in opposite directions, so as to heat the materials uniformly;
a gear 34 is further arranged on the shaft barrel 31 at one end of each stirrer 3, the stirrer 3 is rotated by external power through the drive gear 34, and the rotating directions of two adjacent stirrers 3 up and down in one pyrolysis chamber 2 are opposite;
one or more feeding devices 4 are arranged at the top of each vertical pyrolysis chamber 2, and pyrolysis gas outlet pipes 6 are arranged at two sides of each feeding device 4; one or more discharging devices 5 are arranged at the bottom of each vertical pyrolysis chamber 2.
2-4, 6, and 7, the low-rank coal fast pyrolysis apparatus is characterized in that the stirring pipe 33 is installed between two shaft drums 32 in a horizontally arranged manner. Obviously, the horizontal arrangement facilitates uniform stirring.
The combined type solid organic matter pyrolysis device is characterized in that the stirring pipe 33 is arranged between the two shaft drums 32 in a mode of inclining relative to a horizontal plane.
The combined type solid organic matter pyrolysis device is characterized in that the stirring pipe 33 further comprises a central stirring pipe, the central stirring pipe is arranged on an axis between the two shaft drums 32, and two ends of the central stirring pipe are respectively communicated with the central positions of the inner side surfaces of the two shaft drums 32.
Referring to fig. 6, the combined pyrolysis apparatus for solid organic matter is characterized in that each stirring pipe 33 is further provided with a stirring column 35, and the axis of the stirring column 35 is perpendicular to the axis of the stirring pipe 33 where the stirring column is located.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the combined type solid organic matter pyrolysis device is characterized in that the feeding device 4 comprises a feeding hopper 41, a hopper cover 42 is arranged at the top of the feeding hopper 41, a rectangular cylinder 43 is connected to the lower part of the feeding hopper 41, a star-shaped valve 44 is arranged in the rectangular cylinder 43, and the axial direction of the star-shaped valve 44 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the stirrer 3.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the combined pyrolysis device for solid organic matter is characterized in that the discharging device 5 comprises a discharging hopper 51, the discharging hopper 51 is an inverted trapezoidal cylinder, the lower part of the discharging hopper 51 is connected with a rectangular cylinder 43, a star valve 44 is arranged in the rectangular cylinder 43, and the axial direction of the star valve 44 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the stirrer 3, so as to perform continuous closed blanking.
Referring to fig. 4, 7 and 9, the combined type solid organic matter pyrolysis device is characterized in that the communicating pipe 24 is a 180-degree communicating pipe0The reducing elbow has a large end 25 at the large end and a small end 26 at the small end, the small end 26 is arranged below the upper large end 25, the small end 26 is used for inserting into the outer port of the stirrer 3 at the upper layer, and the outer port of the stirrer 3 at the lower layer is inserted into the large end 25.
Referring to fig. 4, the combined pyrolysis apparatus for solid organic materials is characterized in that the star valve 44 is composed of a valve shaft and a valve tooth plate, and the valve tooth plate is generally 3-6 pieces, equally spaced, in a radial direction, and axially welded on the valve shaft.
The star valve plays a role in continuous feeding and sealing, is similar to a revolving door of an office building, and plays a role in continuous entering and exiting and sealing. And a pyrolysis gas outlet pipe is respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the feeding device at the top of each vertical pyrolysis chamber.
Referring to fig. 4, the combined pyrolysis apparatus for solid organic matter is characterized in that a cooling water coil 52 is arranged outside the discharge hopper 51 for cooling the carbon residue.
Method of use of the invention
Firstly, opening a feed hopper cover, adding a small amount of carbon black base material in each pyrolysis to fill the discharging device, and then starting a motor and a speed reducer of a stirrer in the pyrolysis chamber to enable the stirrer to be in a rotary stirring state.
The hot blast stove is started, heating gas (hot flue gas) is adjusted to a proper temperature, the hot flue gas enters the pyrolysis device in two ways, the first way of hot flue gas enters from the lower part of each heating chamber in the lateral direction and releases heat through a heating channel of the heating chamber to form an external heat source of the pyrolysis device, and cold flue gas is discharged from the upper part of each heating chamber in the lateral direction. The second path of hot flue gas enters from the shaft cylinder of the stirrer at the bottom of each pyrolysis chamber, and the hot flue gas releases heat in the stirrer to form an internal heat source of the pyrolysis device. When the temperature of the pyrolysis device reaches 80-100 ℃, the materials can be fed formally.
Due to the different pyrolysis of solid organic matters, the temperature of hot flue gas from the hot blast stove is different, generally speaking, the suitable temperature for pyrolysis of waste plastics is 280-300 ℃, the pyrolysis temperature of waste tires is 430-450 ℃, and the temperature of hot flue gas entering the pyrolysis device is higher than the pyrolysis temperature by about 150 ℃. The cold flue gas releasing heat is sucked by the induced draft fan and discharged from the high altitude of the chimney, and the other part of the cold flue gas returns to the hot blast stove to be used for adjusting the temperature of the hot flue gas and realizing low-nitrogen combustion. The induced draft fan can also make the heating flue gas negative pressure of pyrolysis device flow, is favorable to sealing.
Generally, solid organics are mostly poor thermal conductors, and the smaller the particle size, the more stirring is necessary for pyrolysis. When the pyrolysis device reaches a proper temperature, the material to be pyrolyzed is added into the feeding device, the star-shaped valve of the feeding device is opened, and the material falls into the pyrolysis device.
After the material enters the pyrolysis device, the material absorbs heat of an inner heat source and an outer heat source to generate pyrolysis, and is stirred by the stirrer, so that the material is heated uniformly, thermal resistance is reduced, and pyrolysis is accelerated. Gas separated out by pyrolysis is discharged from an air outlet pipe on the pyrolysis chamber, the air outlet pipe is communicated with a draught fan outside the pyrolysis device through a closed pipeline and recovery and purification equipment, materials are pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis device under the micro negative pressure, pyrolysis gas outside the pyrolysis device is condensed and cooled to recover pyrolysis oil, and the pyrolysis oil is further processed into fuel oil; the non-condensable gas is purified to remove harmful substances, one part of gas enters the hot blast stove to be combusted, hot flue gas is generated to be used for heating in a return furnace, and the other part of gas can be used for industrial and civil gas.
After the material reaches a certain height and stays for a certain time in the pyrolysis device, hydrocarbon is heated to be fully pyrolyzed and separated out, carbon residue which cannot be pyrolyzed, namely crude carbon black, is continuously reduced under the action of gravity and stirring, enters the discharging device and is discharged outside after being cooled. If the scrap tire fragments are pyrolyzed, a water bath type separating device is horizontally arranged below the rectangular barrel of the discharging device along the direction of the pyrolysis chamber and is specially used for separating steel wires and carbon black. The rectangular cylinder body of the discharging device is inserted below a horizontal plane, the steel wire and the carbon black discharged from the discharging device fall into the water bath type separating device for cooling, wherein the steel wire is sunk to the bottom under the action of gravity, the carbon black floats on the water surface, and then the steel wire sunk to the bottom and the carbon black floating on the water surface are respectively scraped by a scraper.
Claims (10)
1. The combined type solid organic matter pyrolysis device is characterized by comprising a plurality of vertical pyrolysis chambers (2) and a plurality of heating chambers (1), wherein the vertical pyrolysis chambers (2) and the heating chambers (1) are alternately arranged side by side in sequence at intervals, the left side and the right side of each vertical pyrolysis chamber (2) are respectively provided with one heating chamber (1), each vertical pyrolysis chamber (2) is a rectangular cavity, the front side and the rear side of each vertical pyrolysis chamber (2) are provided with stirring walls (21), and a row of horizontally arranged stirrers (3) is arranged in each vertical pyrolysis chamber (2) from top to bottom;
each heating chamber (1) is a rectangular cavity, each heating chamber (1) is vertically divided into a plurality of horizontal flues (12) by partition boards (11), each partition board (11) is provided with a baffling hole (13) at the front end or the rear end, the baffling holes (13) are communicated with two adjacent layers of horizontal flues (12) up and down, one end of the horizontal flue (12) at the lowest layer is provided with a heating air inlet (14), while the baffle hole (13) of the lowest layer of the baffle plate (11) is arranged at one end far away from the heating air inlet (14), and the baffling holes (13) of two adjacent clapboards (11) are respectively positioned at the two ends of the heating chamber (1), a heating air outlet hole (15) is arranged at one end of the deflection hole (13) of the uppermost horizontal flue (12) far away from the uppermost partition plate (12), thereby forming a reentrant heating channel which is continuously and reversely raised through the horizontal flue (12) and the baffling hole (13) in the heating chamber (1);
each stirrer (3) comprises a plurality of stirring pipes (33) positioned in the middle of the stirrer (3), two ends of each stirring pipe (33) are respectively communicated with the shaft drums (32), the outer sides of the two shaft drums (32) are respectively communicated with the shaft drums (31), the shaft drums (31) are respectively provided with a bearing bush, the stirring walls (21) are provided with shaft sleeves, the bearing bushes on the shaft drums (31) at the front and rear ends of the stirrer (3) are respectively arranged in the shaft sleeves of the front and rear stirring walls (21), and the outer side surfaces of the front and rear stirring walls (21) are respectively provided with outer ports of the shaft drums (31) at the front and rear sides;
the shaft drum (32) is a hollow oblate cylinder with a horizontal axis, the center of the outer side of the shaft drum (32) is a shaft hole, and a plurality of airflow holes are formed in the inner side of the shaft drum; the heated gas enters one end of the middle stirring pipe (33) through the shaft barrel (31) and the shaft drum (32) at one end of the stirrer (3), and is discharged from the other end of the stirring pipe (33) after sequentially passing through the shaft drum (32) and the shaft barrel (31) at the end, so that a horizontal heating channel is formed;
a stirring air inlet (22) is arranged on the outer port of the shaft barrel (31) at one end of each lowest stirrer (3) far away from the heating air inlet (14), a stirring air outlet (23) is arranged at one end of each uppermost stirrer (3), a plurality of communicating pipes (24) used for communicating two adjacent outer ports are arranged above the stirring air inlet (22), a plurality of communicating pipes (24) used for connecting two adjacent outer ports are also arranged at one end of each stirrer (3) near the heating air inlet pipe (14), and each layer of stirrer (3) is communicated with the adjacent stirrer (3) through the communicating pipes (24) at the two ends of each layer of stirrer; the stirrers (3) are connected in series through the communicating pipes (24) at the two ends of the stirrer (3), the heated gas entering the vertical pyrolysis chamber (2) firstly enters the stirrer (3) at the lowest layer through the stirring gas inlet (22) and is discharged from the other end of the stirrer (3) at the lowest layer, and then repeatedly turns back through the communicating pipes (24) at the two ends of the stirrer (3) to enter the stirrer (3) at the upper layer until the heated gas is discharged from the stirring gas outlet (23) at one end of the stirrer (3) at the uppermost layer, so that a turn-back stirring/heating channel which continuously turns back and rises through the stirrer (3) and the communicating pipes (24) is formed in the vertical pyrolysis chamber (2);
the heating gas of the stirrer (3) can form reverse flow, and the heating gas of the heating chamber (1) can also form reverse flow, so that the materials can be uniformly heated;
a gear (34) is further arranged on a shaft barrel (31) at one end of each stirrer (3), the stirrer (3) is rotated by external power through the driving gear (34), and the rotating directions of two adjacent stirrers (3) up and down in one pyrolysis chamber (2) are opposite;
one or more feeding devices 4 are arranged at the top of each vertical pyrolysis chamber (2), and pyrolysis gas outlet pipes (6) are arranged at two sides of each feeding device 4; one or more discharging devices (5) are arranged at the bottom of each vertical pyrolysis chamber (2).
2. The combined solid organic pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that the agitation pipe (33) is installed between two shaft drums (32) in a horizontally arranged manner.
3. The combined solid organic pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, wherein the agitating pipe (23) is installed between two shaft drums (32) in a manner inclined to a horizontal plane.
4. The combined type solid organic matter pyrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein the stirring pipe (23) further comprises a central stirring pipe, the central stirring pipe is arranged on the axis between the two shaft drums (32), and two ends of the central stirring pipe are respectively communicated with the central positions of the inner sides of the two shaft drums (32).
5. The combined solid organic pyrolysis device of claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein each stirring pipe (33) is further provided with a stirring column (35), and the axis of the stirring column (35) is perpendicular to the axis of the stirring pipe (33) on which the stirring column is arranged.
6. The combined type solid organic matter pyrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein the feeding device 4 comprises a feeding hopper (41), a hopper cover (42) is arranged at the top of the feeding hopper (41), a rectangular cylinder (43) is connected at the lower part of the feeding hopper, a star-shaped valve (44) is arranged in the rectangular cylinder (43), and the axial direction of the star-shaped valve (44) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the stirrer (3).
7. The combined type solid organic matter pyrolysis device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the discharging device (5) comprises a discharging hopper (51), the discharging hopper (51) is an inverted trapezoid cylinder, the lower part of the discharging hopper (51) is connected with a rectangular cylinder (43), a star valve (44) is arranged in the rectangular cylinder (43), and the axial direction of the star valve (44) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the stirrer (3) to perform continuous closed discharging.
8. The combined type solid organic matter pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the communicating pipe (24) is a 180 ° communicating pipe0The reducing elbow is provided with a large end (25) at the large end and a small end (26) at the small end, the small end (26) is arranged below the upper large end (25), the small end (26) is used for being inserted into the outer port of the stirrer (3) at the upper layer, and the outer port of the stirrer (3) at the lower layer is inserted into the large end (25).
9. The combined solid organic pyrolysis device of claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the star-shaped valve (44) is formed by a valve shaft and a valve tooth plate, the valve tooth plate having generally 3-6 pieces, being equally spaced, in radial direction, axially welded to the valve shaft.
10. The combined type solid organic matter pyrolysis device according to claim 7, wherein a cooling water coil (52) is arranged outside the discharge hopper (51) and used for cooling the carbon residue.
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| CN109974002A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-07-05 | 张波 | A kind of garbage treating process of townhouse formula refuse pyrolysis gasification furnace |
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