CN108672671B - A kind of metal 3D printing equipment based on semi-solid forming technology - Google Patents
A kind of metal 3D printing equipment based on semi-solid forming technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN108672671B CN108672671B CN201810492254.8A CN201810492254A CN108672671B CN 108672671 B CN108672671 B CN 108672671B CN 201810492254 A CN201810492254 A CN 201810492254A CN 108672671 B CN108672671 B CN 108672671B
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- extrusion cylinder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of metal 3D printing equipment based on semi-solid forming technology, including pedestal, organic frame is connected above pedestal, vacuum tank is connected on the pedestal of machine frame inside, the bottom of vacuum tank connects three coordinate workbenches, and the top of three coordinate workbenches, which is equipped with, squeezes elbow, and the side for squeezing elbow is equipped with servo pressure roller, servo pressure roller connects on a rotary disc, and rotating circular disk is formed with vacuum upper box part, and there is the revolute of air-tightness to connect；The upper end for squeezing elbow is connected by screw thread with the bottom end of lower extrusion cylinder, the upper end of lower extrusion cylinder is connected with the lower end of upper extrusion cylinder, the top of upper extrusion cylinder is connected with hydraulic cylinder, and lower extrusion cylinder is connect by deep-groove ball thrust bearing with rack, and lower extrusion cylinder central flange is connect with rotating circular disk；3D printing is realized by squeezing semi-solid-state metal, operating efficiency is improved, improves the uniform and compactness of tissue, avoid the generation of secondary oxidation, reduces oxide for tissue bring negative effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal 3D printing technique fields, and in particular to a kind of metal 3D based on semi-solid forming technology is beaten
Printing apparatus.
Background technique
Currently, metal 3D printing equipment is made of laser generator, powder feeding mechanism, cooling body and workbench, mainly
Fusion of metal powder is manufactured according to the method that the heap of projected route in layer comes by laser irradiation metal powder
Part.But this kind of method manufacture efficiency is low, at high cost, is generally only applicable to the trial-production of product, can not apply in large volume zero
In the batch production of part；Due to by fusion of metal powder, it is necessary to pass through the superlaser that laser generator generates and heat
It can be achieved, increase equipment energy consumption；The microstructure of metals printed simultaneously is unevenly distributed, and reduces part fatigue behaviour.
Another metal 3D printing equipment is realized by way of melting filament and molten metal bonds together again increases material system
It makes, this equipment disadvantage is also fairly obvious, METAL HEATING PROCESS to molten state will be consumed into a large amount of energy, on the other hand, melting gold
Metal surface ingress of air will generate oxide skin, and the inside parts for being doped into printing will affect formation of parts performance.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the above prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide one kind to be based on semi-solid-state shaping skill
The metal 3D printing equipment of art realizes 3D printing by squeezing semi-solid-state metal, substantially increases operating efficiency；Due to only need by
Blank heating has saved the energy compared to laser sintered to semi-solid temperature section；Billet exit nearby places ultrasonic activation
Roller improves the uniform and compactness of tissue；Combine included peeling system that can make blank in vacuum tank internal shaping part
Oxide skin has just been sloughed when entering extrusion cylinder lower part while having avoided the generation of secondary oxidation, reduces oxide for tissue
Bring negative effect.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the used technical solution of the present invention are as follows:
A kind of metal 3D printing equipment based on semi-solid forming technology, including pedestal 8 connect organic frame above pedestal 8
6, vacuum tank 5 is connected on pedestal 8, the bottom of vacuum tank 5 connects three coordinate workbenches 7, the side of three coordinate workbenches 7
Equipped with extrusional slug laydown platform 13, the top of three coordinate workbenches 7, which is equipped with, squeezes elbow 12, and the side for squeezing elbow 12 is equipped with
Servo pressure roller 9, servo pressure roller 9 are connected on rotating circular disk 10, and rotating circular disk 10 and 5 top of vacuum tank are formed with air-tightness
Revolute connection；
The upper end of the extruding elbow 12 connect with the bottom end of lower extrusion cylinder 4 by screw thread, the upper end of lower extrusion cylinder 4 with
The lower end of upper extrusion cylinder 2 connects, and the top of upper extrusion cylinder 2 and hydraulic cylinder 1 connect, and the hydraulic piston of hydraulic cylinder 1 is in upper extrusion cylinder
2, vertical movement up and down is done in the inner cavity of lower extrusion cylinder 4；
The lower extrusion cylinder 4 is connect by deep-groove ball thrust bearing 15 with rack 6, lower 4 central flange of extrusion cylinder and rotation
Turn the connection of disk 10.
The upper extrusion cylinder 2 is connected by connection sheet 2-3 with lower 4 upper end of extrusion cylinder, and upper and lower extrusion cylinder junction is diameter
Contracting circumferential groove 2-2 is provided with continuous feed mouth 2-1 in the side of upper extrusion cylinder 2；Lower extrusion cylinder 4 is outer at diameter contracting circumferential groove 2-2
Side is connected with belt wheel 4-2, and belt wheel 4-2 is connected by transmission belt 14 with servo motor 11, and servo motor 11 is fixed in rack 6；
The lower end belt wheel 4-2 and the upper circle of deep-groove ball thrust bearing 15 are fixed together, and the lower circle of thrust bearing 15 is fixed in one with rack 6
It rises.
Medium-frequency heating coil 4-1 is equipped in the interlayer of 4 lower part of lower extrusion cylinder and extruding elbow 12.
The servo pressure roller 9 includes pressure roller 9-3, and pressure roller 9-3 is connected by revolute and the lower end ultrasonic variable amplitude bar 9-2
It connects, can freely be rolled along ultrasonic variable amplitude bar 9-2 short transverse；The upper end 9-2 and supersonic generator 9-1 on ultrasonic variable amplitude bar
Lower end is fixed together；The upper end supersonic generator 9-1 is equipped with adjusting nut 9-4, supersonic generator 9-1 central flange and rotation
Turn the connection of disk 10.
A kind of Method of printing of the metal 3D printing equipment based on semi-solid forming technology, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, deformation strain is heated to semisolid temperature using electromagnetic induction heating furnace for 0.2~0.6 aluminium alloy bar
Section is spent, 5-20min is kept the temperature, obtains semi-solid blank 3, and it is put into rapidly to the upper extruding with medium-frequency heating coil 4-1
In the continuous feed mouth 2-1 of cylinder 2, extrusion cylinder temperature is consistent with semi-solid heat treatment temperature, makes semi-solid blank 3 and upper extrusion cylinder
2 with one heart；
Step 2,1 hydraulic piston of hydraulic cylinder drives semi-solid blank 3 to move down, and semi-solid blank 3 passes through diameter contracting circumference
When slot 2-2, since diameter is greater than lower circumferential diameter, surface scale is cut by slot during extruding；
Step 3, new semisolid is put into the continuous feed mouth of upper extrusion cylinder 2 immediately after the completion of the peeling of semi-solid blank 3
Blank 3 is realized continuously extruded；
Step 4, semi-solid blank 3 is heated to semisolid by medium-frequency heating coil 4-1 at 4 middle part of lower extrusion cylinder, finally by
Elbow 12 is squeezed to squeeze out；
Step 5, it squeezes the semi-solid blank 3 that elbow 12 squeezes out and is attached to three coordinate workbenches 7 or preceding layer forming
On blank, then by the compacting semi-solid blank 3 of pressure roller 9, while crystal grain is refined using ultrasonic wave；
Step 6, it is realized by the movement of three coordinate workbenches 7 and the rotation of upper extrusion cylinder 2, lower extrusion cylinder 4 itself multiple
The feed speed of 1 piston of hydraulic cylinder and the drafts of pressure roller 9 are coordinated in the forming of miscellaneous part, adjust the thickness in monolayer of 3D printing with
Width；
Step 7, after part forming, vacuum tank 5 is opened, part is taken out.
The semi-solid blank 3 is aluminium alloy or magnesium alloy.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows carry out what extruding was combined with ultrasonic activation by using semi-solid metal
Mode, the heating efficiency for avoiding conventional metals 3D printing technique is low, equipment cost is high, the non-uniform disadvantage of microstructure,
Advantage is summarized as follows: being realized 3D printing by squeezing semi-solid-state metal, is substantially increased operating efficiency；Since only blank need to be added
Heat has saved the energy compared to laser sintered to semi-solid temperature section；Billet exit nearby places ultrasonic activation roller, greatly
The uniform and compactness of tissue is improved greatly；Vacuum tank internal shaping part combine included peeling system can make blank into
Oxide skin has just been sloughed when entering extrusion cylinder lower part while having avoided the generation of secondary oxidation, reduces oxide and taeniae telarum is come
Negative effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is overall structure diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is extrusion cylinder partial structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is ultrasonic activation pressure roller partial structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is diameter contracting circumferential groove 2-2 structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is present invention control print thickness and width diagram.
Fig. 6 is the microstructure of 6061 aluminium alloy semi-solid state blanks of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to Fig.1, a kind of metal 3D printing equipment based on semi-solid forming technology, including pedestal 8 connect above pedestal 8
It is connected to rack 6, rack 6 is C-form stand, and rack 6 is connected by 4 screws with pedestal 8；It is connected on pedestal 8 inside rack 6
Vacuum tank 5, vacuum tank 5 are connect by screw with pedestal 8, and three coordinate workbenches 7 are bolted in the bottom of vacuum tank 5,
The side of three coordinate workbenches 7 is equipped with extrusional slug laydown platform 13, and the top of three coordinate workbenches 7, which is equipped with, squeezes elbow
12, the side for squeezing elbow 12 is equipped with servo pressure roller 9, and servo pressure roller 9 is connected on rotating circular disk 10, rotating circular disk 10 and vacuum
5 top of case is formed, and there is the revolute of air-tightness to connect；
The upper end of the extruding elbow 12 connect with the bottom end of lower extrusion cylinder 4 by screw thread, the upper end of lower extrusion cylinder 4 with
The lower end of upper extrusion cylinder 2 connects, and the top of upper extrusion cylinder 2 and hydraulic cylinder 1 connect, and the hydraulic piston of hydraulic cylinder 1 is in upper extrusion cylinder
2, vertical movement up and down is done in the inner cavity of lower extrusion cylinder 4；
The lower extrusion cylinder 4 is connect by deep-groove ball thrust bearing 15 with rack 6, lower 4 central flange of extrusion cylinder and rotation
Turn disk 10 to be bolted.
Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, the upper extrusion cylinder 2 is connected by connection sheet 2-3 with lower 4 upper end of extrusion cylinder, is squeezed up and down
Cylinder junction is diameter contracting circumferential groove 2-2, is provided with continuous feed mouth 2-1 in the side of upper extrusion cylinder 2；Lower extrusion cylinder 4 contracts close to diameter
Outside is connected with belt wheel 4-2 at circumferential groove 2-2, and belt wheel 4-2 is connected by transmission belt 14 with servo motor 11, and servo motor 11 is logical
Bolt is crossed to be fixed in rack 6；The lower end belt wheel 4-2 and the upper circle of deep-groove ball thrust bearing 15 are fixed together, thrust bearing 15
Lower circle is fixed together with rack 6.
Medium-frequency heating coil 4-1 is equipped in the interlayer of 4 lower part of lower extrusion cylinder and extruding elbow 12.
Referring to Fig. 3, the servo pressure roller 9 includes pressure roller 9-3, and pressure roller 9-3 passes through revolute and ultrasonic variable amplitude bar 9-2
Lower end connection, can freely roll along ultrasonic variable amplitude bar 9-2 short transverse；The upper end 9-2 and ultrasonic wave are sent out on ultrasonic variable amplitude bar
The raw lower end device 9-1 is fixed together；The upper end supersonic generator 9-1 is equipped with adjusting nut 9-4, the middle part supersonic generator 9-1
Flange is connected by screw to rotating circular disk 10.
Method of printing of the invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiment.
A kind of Method of printing of the metal 3D printing equipment based on semi-solid forming technology, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, the 6061 aluminium alloy bars that deformation strain is 0.2~0.6 are heated to 579 using electromagnetic induction heating furnace
~658 DEG C of semi-solid temperature sections, liquid phase fraction is 0.15~0.45, and keeps the temperature 5~15min, and the spheric grain of acquisition is put down
The semi-solid blank 3 that equal equivalent diameter is 50~80 μm is put into rapidly the continuous of the upper extrusion cylinder 2 with medium-frequency heating coil 4-1
In feed inlet 2-1, extrusion cylinder temperature is consistent with semi-solid heat treatment temperature, and keeps semi-solid blank 3 and upper extrusion cylinder 2 concentric；
Step 2,1 hydraulic piston of hydraulic cylinder drives blank 3 to move down, when blank 3 is by diameter contracting circumferential groove 2-2, due to
Diameter (50mm) is greater than lower circumferential diameter (48mm), and surface scale cuts 1mm thickness by slot during extruding, reaches
Bark effect；
Step 3, new semisolid is put into the continuous feed mouth of upper extrusion cylinder 2 immediately after the completion of the peeling of semi-solid blank 3
Blank 3 is realized continuously extruded；
Step 4, semi-solid blank 3 is heated to semi-solid temperature area by medium-frequency heating coil 4-1 at lower 4 middle part of extrusion cylinder
Between, finally squeezed out by extruding elbow 12；
Step 5, it squeezes the semi-solid blank 3 that elbow 12 squeezes out and is attached to three coordinate workbenches 7 or preceding layer forming
On blank, then by pressure roller 9-3 compacting semi-solid blank 3, while crystal grain is refined using ultrasonic wave；
Step 6, it is realized by the movement of three coordinate workbenches 7 and the rotation of upper extrusion cylinder 2, lower extrusion cylinder 4 itself multiple
The forming of miscellaneous part coordinates the feed speed of 1 piston of hydraulic cylinder and the drafts of servo pressure roller 9, adjusts the single monolayer thick of 3D printing
Degree and width, as shown in figure 5, pressure roller 9-3 is set apart from table plane original distance as h1, the 3 width side of blank squeezed out at this time
To having a size of d1；After Δ h is lowered in the position of pressure roller 9-3, pressure roller 9-3 is h2 apart from table plane distance, squeezes out base
Expect that 3 width by from becoming d2 from original d1, realize the control to print span and thickness, while effectively reducing width direction folding
Folded phenomenon；
Step 7, after part forming, vacuum tank 5 is opened, part is taken out.
It is the microstructure of 6061 aluminium alloy semi-solid state blanks of the present embodiment referring to Fig. 6, Fig. 6, it can be seen from the figure that
When blank keeps the temperature 5min, liquid phase fraction is 0.2~0.45, the average equivalent diameter of semisolid spheric grain is with liquid phase fraction
Increase and increase, average equivalent diameter be 50 μm~80 μm.Should the result shows that, 3D printing obtain semi-solid-state metal part
Microstructure be form and spheric grain of uniform size, and size is tiny.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of metal 3D printing equipment based on semi-solid forming technology, including pedestal (8), the connection of pedestal (8) top is organic
Frame (6), it is characterised in that: be connected with vacuum tank (5) on the internal pedestal (8) of rack (6), the bottom connection three of vacuum tank (5)
The side of coordinate workbench (7), three coordinate workbenches (7) is equipped with extrusional slug laydown platform (13), three coordinate workbenches
(7) top, which is equipped with, squeezes elbow (12), and the side for squeezing elbow (12) is equipped with servo pressure roller (9), and servo pressure roller (9) is connected to
On rotating circular disk (10), rotating circular disk (10) is formed with vacuum tank (5) top, and there is the revolute of air-tightness to connect；
The upper end of the extruding elbow (12) is connected by screw thread with the bottom end of lower extrusion cylinder (4), the upper end of lower extrusion cylinder (4)
It is connected with the lower end of upper extrusion cylinder (2), the top of upper extrusion cylinder (2) and hydraulic cylinder (1) connection, the hydraulic piston of hydraulic cylinder (1)
Vertical movement up and down is done in the inner cavity of upper extrusion cylinder (2), lower extrusion cylinder (4)；
The lower extrusion cylinder (4) is connect by deep-groove ball thrust bearing (15) with rack (6), lower extrusion cylinder (4) central flange
It is connect with rotating circular disk (10)；
The upper extrusion cylinder (2) is connected by connection sheet (2-3) with lower extrusion cylinder (4) upper end, and upper and lower extrusion cylinder junction is
Diameter contracting circumferential groove (2-2) is provided with continuous feed mouth (2-1) in the side of upper extrusion cylinder (2)；Lower extrusion cylinder (4) is close to diameter contracting circle
Outside is connected with belt wheel (4-2) at circumferential groove (2-2), and belt wheel (4-2) is connected by transmission belt (14) with servo motor (11), servo
Motor (11) is fixed on rack (6)；The belt wheel lower end (4-2) and the upper circle of deep-groove ball thrust bearing (15) are fixed together, and push away
Circle is fixed together with rack (6) under power bearing (15).
2. a kind of metal 3D printing equipment based on semi-solid forming technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
Medium-frequency heating coil (4-1) is equipped in the interlayer of lower extrusion cylinder (4) lower part and extruding elbow (12) stated.
3. a kind of metal 3D printing equipment based on semi-solid forming technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
The servo pressure roller (9) stated includes pressure roller (9-3), and pressure roller (9-3) is connect by revolute with the lower end ultrasonic variable amplitude bar (9-2),
It can freely be rolled along ultrasonic variable amplitude bar (9-2) short transverse；The upper end (9-2) and supersonic generator on ultrasonic variable amplitude bar
The lower end (9-1) is fixed together；The supersonic generator upper end (9-1) is equipped with adjusting nut (9-4), supersonic generator (9-1)
Central flange is connect with rotating circular disk (10).
4. a kind of Method of printing of the metal 3D printing equipment based on semi-solid forming technology, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1, semi-solid blank (3) is put into the continuous feed mouth (2-1) of upper extrusion cylinder (2), make semi-solid blank (3) with
Upper extrusion cylinder (2) is concentric；
Step 2, hydraulic cylinder (1) hydraulic piston drives semi-solid blank (3) to move down, and semi-solid blank (3) is contracted by diameter to be justified
When circumferential groove (2-2), since diameter is greater than lower circumferential diameter, surface scale is cut by slot during extruding；
Step 3, new semisolid is put into the continuous feed mouth of upper extrusion cylinder (2) immediately after the completion of semi-solid blank (3) peeling
Blank (3) is realized continuously extruded；
Step 4, semi-solid blank (3) is heated to semisolid by medium-frequency heating coil (4-1) in the middle part of lower extrusion cylinder (4), finally
It is squeezed out by extruding elbow (12)；
Step 5, squeeze elbow (12) squeeze out semi-solid blank (3) be attached to three coordinate workbenches (7) or preceding layer at
On shape blank, then by pressure roller (9) compacting semi-solid blank (3), while utilizing ultrasonic wave refinement crystal grain；
Step 6, it is realized by the movement of three coordinate workbenches (7) and the rotation of upper extrusion cylinder (2), lower extrusion cylinder (4) itself
The forming of complex parts coordinates the feed speed of hydraulic cylinder (1) piston and the drafts of pressure roller (9), adjusts the single layer of 3D printing
Thickness and width；
Step 7, it after part forming, opens vacuum tank (5), part is taken out.
5. a kind of Method of printing of metal 3D printing equipment based on semi-solid forming technology according to claim 4,
Be characterized in that: the semi-solid blank (3) is aluminium alloy or magnesium alloy.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110202139B (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-07-03 | 西安交通大学 | Semi-solid metal additive manufacturing equipment and process based on direct resistance heating technology |
| CN111408721A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-14 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | Aluminum alloy semi-solid state melting three-dimensional direct-writing forming method |
| CN111922655B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2021-10-22 | 南京尚吉增材制造研究院有限公司 | Continuous wire feeding induction heating composite rolling semi-solid additive manufacturing system and method |
| CN113084119B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-05-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Use method of light alloy vacuum high-pressure casting flexible loading casting-forging composite forming device |
| CN114985769B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-04-07 | 西安交通大学 | Full-process ultrasonic-assisted semi-solid additive manufacturing device and process |
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