CN108670318B

CN108670318B - Craniotome

Info

Publication number: CN108670318B
Application number: CN201810504597.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张瑜; 张红艳; 丁少华; 吕海生; 戴辉; 刘卫; 黄迂秋; 梅冬伟; 张威武; 关天庆
Original assignee: North University of China
Current assignee: North University of China
Priority date: 2018-05-24
Filing date: 2018-05-24
Publication date: 2020-11-13
Anticipated expiration: 2038-05-24
Also published as: CN108670318A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to a craniotome. A craniotome comprises a longitude motor, a cutter bracket, a latitude motor supporting slide block, a latitude motor, a rod-shaped milling cutter and a fixed screw rod assembly. The cadaver skull is fixed through 4 fixing screw assemblies of the craniotome, the latitude support is driven to rotate through the longitude motor, and the rod-shaped milling cutter is driven to rotate through the latitude motor, so that the function of sectioning the cadaver skull is achieved. The position of the sliding block is supported by the dimension motor, so that the skull can be cut at different dimension lines. The craniotome can fix the head of a corpse, realize craniotomy with fixed circle and fixed depth, realize on-site craniotomy, reduce the damage of artificial craniotomy to important parts in the cranium, better serve forensics and have good application and popularization prospects in various criminal policemen.

Description

Craniotome

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to a craniotome, which is characterized in that a cadaver head is fixed through 4 fixing screw components of the craniotome, a latitude bracket is driven to rotate through a longitude motor, and a rod-shaped milling cutter is driven to rotate through a latitude motor, so that the function of cutting the cadaver head is realized. The position of the sliding block is supported by the dimension motor, so that the skull can be cut at different dimension lines.

Background

In the process of detecting corpses by a forensic doctor, the brains of the dead people are detected sometimes, and particularly, craniotomy is performed on the corpses. Most cadavers are craniotomed in the field, usually with a craniotome or high frequency cutter. The cutter of the cutting machine is a saw blade, the manual craniotomy is difficult to cut regularly, the cutting depth is difficult to control, and the intracerebral tissue is easy to damage. The high-frequency cutters are basically imported from Germany, are high in cost and difficult to distribute to county-level criminal police teams, are manually operated by legal medical experts, and have the advantages that the cutting depth is controlled by experience, and the cuts are irregular. Therefore, the invention provides a craniotome. The cutting tool has the advantages of low cost, fixed depth and fixed circle cutting, and can realize full-automatic cutting and fixed size craniotomy when being provided with a handheld remote controller.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is: provides a craniotome for a legal medical expert.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a craniotome comprises a longitude motor, a cutter bracket, a latitude motor and a fixed screw component; the cutter bracket is a supporting frame with a supporting leg, a fixed screw guide groove is formed in the supporting leg, and a longitude motor is fixed at the top end of the supporting frame; the dimension support comprises a dimension support rotating shaft, a dimension motor supporting slide block and an arc support, the arc support is a body generated by stretching an arc surface, the arc support is positioned below the supporting frame, the arc support is provided with an adjusting groove and a milling cutter groove which have the same radius of curvature as the arc surface, a mounting and fixing hole in the dimension motor supporting slide block can be used for fixing and adjusting the dimension position of the dimension motor supporting slide block through the adjusting groove, and the dimension motor is fixed on the dimension motor supporting slide block; the width of the milling cutter groove is larger than the diameter of the rod-shaped milling cutter, the dimensional motor is connected with the rod-shaped milling cutter penetrating through the milling cutter groove, a rotating shaft of the dimensional support is vertically fixed on the upper part of the arc-shaped support, and the rotating shaft of the dimensional support is also connected with the longitude motor; the fixed screw assembly comprises a screw and a rubber sleeve, the screw is movably fixed on a supporting leg fixed screw guide groove of the supporting frame, and the rubber sleeve is fixed at one end of the screw.

A fixed screw component of the craniotome fixes the cadaver skull, the longitude motor drives the dimensional support to rotate, and the dimensional motor drives the rod-shaped milling cutter to rotate, so that the function of sectioning the cadaver skull is realized. The position of the sliding block is supported by the dimension motor, so that the skull can be cut at different dimension lines.

In the craniotome, the cutter support further comprises a longitude motor support and a rolling bearing, the support frame consists of four inverted L-shaped rigid support frames, the longitude motor support is a pipe body, one end of the pipe body is provided with a flange connected with a longitude motor, a step hole is formed in the pipe body, the rolling bearing is placed in the step hole, and the outer part of the pipe body is welded with the four rigid support frames which are symmetrically arranged; one end of the inner ring of the rolling bearing is connected with the longitude motor, and the other end of the inner ring of the rolling bearing is connected with the rotating shaft of the latitude support.

The fixed screw component of the craniotome further comprises a handle, a nut and a sleeve, the nut is a three-step trapezoidal columnar part, an axial threaded hole is formed in the nut, the screw thread of the screw and the nut are connected together through a thread pair, an axle pin hole is formed in the stepped cylinder with the minimum nut diameter along the radial direction of the cylinder, the sleeve is installed on the stepped cylinder with the minimum nut diameter through an axle pin, the stepped cylinder in the middle of the nut is clamped in a guide groove of the fixed screw, and the handle is fixed at the end of the other end of the screw.

In the craniotome, the stepped cylinder in the middle of the nut is provided with the symmetrical rotation stopping surfaces, and the distance between the two rotation stopping surfaces is consistent with the groove width of the guide groove of the fixing screw rod.

The craniotome can fix the head of a corpse, realize craniotomy with fixed circle and fixed depth, realize on-site craniotomy, reduce the damage of artificial craniotomy to important parts in the cranium, better serve forensics and have good application and popularization prospects in various criminal policemen.

Drawings

The attached figures of the description of the invention are 4 in total:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a craniotome;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cutter support structure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a dimensional scaffold structure;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the fixing screw assembly.

The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicates identical items being referred to by the same reference symbols in the various drawings. In each figure: 1-longitude motor; 2-a cutter holder; a 3-dimensional scaffold; a 4-dimensional motor support slide; a 5-dimensional motor; 6-rod milling cutter; 7-fixing the screw assembly; 8-longitude motor support; 9-rolling bearings; 10-a rigid support frame; 11-fixing the screw rod guide groove; a 12-dimensional support spindle; 13-arc support; 14-an adjustment groove; 15-milling flutes; 16-a handle; 17-a nut; 18-pin; 19-a sleeve; 20-screw flights; 21-screw rod; 22-rubber sleeve, 23-rotation stopping surface.

Detailed Description

The invention is further explained with reference to the drawings.

A craniotome comprises a longitude motor 1, a cutter bracket 2, a dimensional bracket 3, a dimensional motor supporting slide block 4, a dimensional motor 5, a rod-shaped milling cutter 6 and a fixed screw assembly 7.

As shown in fig. 2, the cutter support 2 is composed of a longitude motor support 8, a rolling bearing 9 and a rigid support frame 10; the longitude motor mount 8 is characterized in that: the longitude motor is a metal pipe body, one end of the pipe body is provided with a flange connected with the longitude motor 1, a step hole is formed in the pipe body, and a rolling bearing 9 is placed in the step hole; the output shaft of the longitude motor 1 is connected with the inner ring of the rolling bearing. The longitude motor mount is externally welded to 4 identical rigid frame brackets 10. The rolling bearing 9 is characterized in that: the inner ring of the rolling bearing is longer than the outer ring and one end of the inner ring is connected to the longitude motor and the other end is connected to the latitude support shaft 12 (the inner ring of the rolling bearing is longer than the outer ring to rigidly mount the two shafts). An outer ring of the rolling bearing is fixed in an inner hole of the longitude motor support 8, a rolling body is arranged between an inner ring and an outer ring of the rolling bearing 9, the inner ring of the rolling bearing 9 rotates when the bearing works, and the outer ring is static. The rigid support frame 10 is characterized in that: the material is metal material, and its shape is the shape of "L" of falling, and one end is in the same place with longitude motor support welding, and the other end is opened has fixed screw rod guide way 11, and this groove can make fixed screw rod subassembly 7 transfer the position from top to bottom.

As shown in fig. 3, the dimension support 3 is composed of a dimension support spindle 12 and an arc support 13. The dimension support 3 is characterized in that: the dimension support rotating shaft 12 and the arc-shaped support 13 are rigidly connected together. The arc support 13 is characterized in that: the arc-shaped bracket 13 is a body generated by stretching an arc-shaped surface; the arc-shaped bracket is provided with grooves with the same radius of curvature as the arc, the grooves are 3 in total, the grooves on the two sides are position adjusting grooves 14, and the dimension position of the dimension motor supporting slide block 4 can be fixed and adjusted through the mounting and fixing holes on the dimension motor supporting slide block 4; the middle groove is a milling cutter groove 15, the width of which is greater than the diameter of the bar mill 6.

The dimension motor supporting slide block 4 is a body generated by stretching an arc surface, and the curvature radius of the inner surface is the same as that of the outer surface of the arc support 13. Dimension motor 5 installs on dimension motor support slider 4, has the through-hole that links to each other with arc support 13 on the dimension motor support slider 4, and accessible bolt links together both.

As shown in fig. 4, the fixing screw assembly 7 is composed of a handle 16, a nut 17, a sleeve 19, a screw 21 and a rubber boot 22. The nut 17 is characterized in that: the nut is a three-step trapezoidal columnar part, the stepped cylinders are arranged in a stepped mode from small to large, an axial threaded hole is formed in the nut 17, and the nominal size of the thread is consistent with that of the screw thread 20. The screw thread 20 of the screw 21 and the nut 17 are connected together by a thread pair. The stepped cylinder in the middle of the nut 17 is provided with symmetrical rotation stopping surfaces 23, the distance between the two rotation stopping surfaces 23 is consistent with the groove width of the fixing screw guide groove 11, and the two rotation stopping surfaces 23 ensure that the nut 17 only slides in the fixing screw guide groove 11 and cannot rotate relatively. An axial pin hole is formed in the stepped cylinder with the smallest diameter of the nut 17 along the radial direction of the cylinder, the nominal size of the axial pin hole is consistent with the diameter of a pin 18 on a sleeve 19, the inner hole of the sleeve 19 is the same as the smallest diameter of the nut 17, the sleeve 19 is installed on the stepped cylinder with the smallest diameter of the nut 17 and is connected with the stepped cylinder with the smallest diameter of the nut 17 through the pin 18, the middle stepped cylinder of the nut 17 is clamped in the fixing screw guide groove 11, and the nut 17 is assembled with the fixing screw guide groove 11 through the sleeve 19. One end of the threaded section of the screw 21, which is close to the screw 21, is provided with a radial through hole, and the size of the through hole is consistent with the outer diameter of the handle 16. Through which the handle 16 is mounted on the screw 21. The other end of the screw 21 is provided with a rubber sleeve 22.

Claims

1. A craniotome is characterized by comprising a longitude motor (1), a cutter bracket (2), a latitude bracket (3), a latitude motor (5) and a fixed screw assembly (7); the cutter bracket (2) is a supporting frame with a supporting leg, a fixed screw guide groove (11) is formed in the supporting leg, and a longitude motor (1) is fixed at the top end of the supporting frame; the dimension support (3) comprises a dimension support rotating shaft (12), a dimension motor supporting slide block (4) and an arc support (13), the arc support (13) is a body generated by stretching an arc surface, the arc support (13) is positioned below the supporting frame, the arc support (13) is provided with an adjusting groove (14) and a milling cutter groove (15) which are the same as the arc curvature radius of the arc support, a mounting and fixing hole in the dimension motor supporting slide block (4) can fix and adjust the dimension position of the dimension motor supporting slide block (4) through the adjusting groove (14), and the dimension motor (5) is fixed on the dimension motor supporting slide block (4); the width of the milling cutter groove (15) is larger than the diameter of the rod-shaped milling cutter (6), the dimensional motor (5) is connected with the rod-shaped milling cutter (6) penetrating through the milling cutter groove (15), the dimensional support rotating shaft (12) is vertically fixed on the upper part of the arc-shaped support (13), and the dimensional support rotating shaft (12) is also connected with the longitude motor (1); the fixed screw assembly (7) comprises a screw (21) and a rubber sleeve (22), the screw (21) is movably fixed on a supporting leg fixed screw guide groove (11) of the supporting frame, and the rubber sleeve (22) is fixed at one end of the screw (21).

2. The craniotome according to claim 1, wherein the cutter bracket (2) further comprises a longitude motor support (8) and a rolling bearing (9), the support frame is composed of four rigid bracket frames (10) in an inverted L shape, the longitude motor support (8) is a pipe body, one end of the pipe body is provided with a flange connected with the longitude motor, a stepped hole is formed inside the pipe body, the rolling bearing (9) is placed in the stepped hole, and the outside of the pipe body is welded with the four rigid bracket frames (10) which are symmetrically arranged; one end of the inner ring of the rolling bearing (9) is connected with a longitude motor, and the other end of the inner ring of the rolling bearing is connected with a rotating shaft (12) of the latitude support.

3. The craniotome according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fixed screw assembly (7) further comprises a handle (16), a nut (17) and a sleeve (19), the nut (17) is a columnar part with a three-step trapezoid, an axial threaded hole is formed in the nut (17), a screw thread (20) of the screw (21) and the nut (17) are connected together through a thread pair, an axial pin hole is formed in the stepped cylinder with the smallest diameter of the nut (17) along the radial direction of the cylinder, the sleeve (19) is installed on the stepped cylinder with the smallest diameter of the nut (17) through a pin (18), the middle stepped cylinder of the nut (17) is clamped in the fixed screw guide groove (11), and the handle (16) is fixed at the other end part of the screw (21).

4. A craniotome according to claim 3 characterized in that the stepped cylinder in the middle of the nut (17) has symmetrical anti-rotation surfaces (23), the distance between the two anti-rotation surfaces (23) being the same as the width of the lead groove (11) of the fixation screw.