Distributed control method for seamless connection of alternating current-direct current hybrid system
Technical Field
The invention relates to an operation and control method of an alternating current and direct current hybrid system, and belongs to the technical field of new energy power generation alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution.
Background
The direct current distributed power generation system gets more and more attention due to the characteristics of high efficiency, convenient control and the like, and is the direction of future development. However, at present, an alternating current power supply and a load in the whole power distribution system still occupy the dominant position, so that direct current power distribution cannot completely replace alternating current power distribution at a fast speed, and an alternating current and direct current hybrid power supply mode is realized for a long time. The AC/DC hybrid systems are usually interconnected by bidirectional AC/DC converters, power electronic transformers, etc., so the control method and mode thereof are very critical.
The control technology of the current alternating current-direct current interconnected bidirectional AC/DC converter or the AC/DC conversion module in the power supply field mainly adopts current type control and voltage type control, proportion PQ control, VF control and the like, wherein the voltage type control is more widely applied. The voltage type control method of the AC/DC converter takes one end voltage as a control target, and can realize bidirectional flow and bidirectional support of energy on an alternating current side and a direct current side. In general, the voltage control mode is to control the dc voltage stabilization or the ac frequency stabilization. The DC side voltage is supported by using the AC side resource when the DC voltage is stabilized as a control target, and the AC frequency is supported by using the DC side resource when the AC frequency is used as a control target, wherein the control targets are different under the two control modes. The control mode of the bidirectional AC/DC must be switched when reverse support is realized, so that for an alternating current and direct current hybrid power supply system which is complex in structure and is connected with a high-density distributed power supply, the operation scene and the control mode are changeable, direct control on each distributed power supply cannot be realized in an active centralized control mode, distributed control needs to be adopted, alternating current and direct current interconnection mainly adopts distributed control inside an alternating current area or distributed control of a direct current area at present, energy interaction can only be realized between the alternating current and direct current areas through the interconnected AC/DC, the alternating current and direct current areas are also divided into two independent areas, the control mode of the whole system is more complex, the operation scene is diversified, and the application of alternating current and direct current hybrid power supply is greatly limited. Related distributed control results are mainly concentrated in an alternating current micro-grid or a direct current micro-grid layer or a multi-end direct current distribution network, and alternating current and direct current hybrid power supply in a large range, such as alternating current and direct current hybrid micro-grids, alternating current and direct current hybrid distribution networks and the like, needs to be controlled independently. Aiming at the problem, the invention provides a constant V/F ratio control method of an interconnected AC/DC converter of an AC/DC hybrid system connected with a distributed power supply and a distributed control strategy of the AC/DC hybrid system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and provides a distributed control method for seamless connection of an alternating current-direct current hybrid system.
In order to solve the technical problem, the solution of the invention is as follows:
the method comprises the steps that a distributed control method for seamless connection of an alternating current-direct current hybrid system is provided, wherein the alternating current-direct current hybrid system comprises at least one direct current power supply area and at least one alternating current power supply area, and a distributed power supply, a load and energy storage device which are matched with respective operation characteristics are respectively accessed; the distributed power supply, the load and the energy storage equipment in the direct current power supply area are connected to the direct current bus, and the distributed power supply, the load and the energy storage equipment in the alternating current power supply area are connected to the alternating current bus; the alternating current bus and the direct current bus are interconnected through a bidirectional AC/DC converter, so that voltage conversion and energy bidirectional flow between alternating current and direct current power supply areas are realized;
the distributed control method is a control method of alternating current-direct current interconnection bidirectional AC/DC constant voltage frequency ratio (constant V/F ratio): assuming that the rated voltage frequency of the AC side of the bidirectional AC/DC converter is f0The actual frequency is f, the rated voltage of the DC side is V0When the actual voltage is V and the rated dc voltage to ac frequency ratio is k, k is V0/f0;
After the ratio of the actual direct current voltage V to the actual alternating current frequency f is obtained through calculation, the deviation E is obtained through calculation by utilizing the ratio k of the rated direct current voltage to the rated alternating current frequency, and then the PWM control output U of the IGBT in the bidirectional AC/DC converter is controlled through PID:
E=k-V/f=V0/f0-V/f (1)
U=E×(KP+KI/s)=(k-V/f)×(KP+KI/s) (2)
wherein KPFor PID control of the proportionality coefficient, KIThe integration coefficient is controlled for PID, and s is the integration factor.
The distributed control method comprises two modes of distributed control and master-slave control;
(1) under the distributed control mode, the operation control strategy of each device in the alternating current-direct current hybrid system is as follows:
(1.1) the bidirectional AC/DC converter is controlled in a constant voltage frequency ratio (constant V/F ratio) control mode, so that constant proportion control between the frequency of an interconnected alternating current region and the direct current voltage of a direct current region is realized, and the constant voltage frequency ratio of the bidirectional AC/DC converter is the ratio of the rated voltage frequency of the interconnected alternating current region and the rated direct current voltage of the direct current region;
(1.2) distributed power supplies, loads and energy storage equipment in a direct current power supply area and an alternating current power supply area which are interconnected by a bidirectional AC/DC converter work in a droop control mode, so that load fluctuation stabilization and power balance in an alternating current and direct current hybrid system are realized; the distributed power supply between the alternating current and direct current areas realizes integral energy exchange through the constant voltage frequency ratio control of the bidirectional AC/DC converter;
(1.3) when the voltage of one side area of the alternating current-direct current hybrid system changes, the voltage of the other side correspondingly changes due to the constant voltage-frequency ratio control of the bidirectional AC/DC converter; at the moment, the distributed power supplies or the energy storage devices on the two sides realize the balance control of power through droop control, and the change of the load on the side or the other side or the change of the output of the distributed power supplies is restrained;
(2) when constant control of direct-current voltage or constant voltage frequency of an alternating-current area needs to be achieved, the whole alternating-current and direct-current hybrid system is switched to a master-slave control mode, and the operation control strategy of each device in the alternating-current and direct-current hybrid system in the master-slave control mode is as follows:
(2.1) the bidirectional AC/DC converter still keeps constant voltage frequency ratio control;
(2.2) taking a certain distributed power supply or energy storage equipment connected to an alternating current bus in an alternating current area as a main power supply, enabling the distributed power supply or energy storage equipment to work in an alternating current voltage frequency and amplitude control mode, and being used for realizing rated alternating current voltage control and stabilizing the voltage of the alternating current area; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
a certain distributed power supply or energy storage equipment connected to a direct current bus in a direct current area is used as a main power supply, so that the distributed power supply or energy storage equipment works in a direct current voltage constant control mode to stabilize the direct current voltage of the direct current area;
because the alternating current-direct current bus in the alternating current-direct current region is controlled by the constant voltage-frequency ratio under the action of bidirectional AC/DC control, the voltage on the other side is also a rated constant value;
(2.3) simultaneously, operating other distributed power supplies in a maximum power tracking mode, a PQ mode or a droop control mode;
(2.4) the energy storage device not acting as a main power source operates in the PQ mode or the droop mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, when the distributed power supply or load conversion and the distributed power supply are used in a plug-and-play manner, through droop control of a plurality of distributed power supplies and constant voltage frequency ratio control of the alternating current-direct current region interconnected bidirectional AC/DC converter, seamless bidirectional flow of energy in the whole alternating current-direct current hybrid power supply system and mutual support of the alternating current region and the alternating current region are realized without switching a control mode.
2. When the hybrid power supply system works in a master-slave control mode, the voltage of the whole alternating current-direct current hybrid power supply system can be constant only by a voltage supporting source arranged on one side of an alternating current area or a direct current area, the control mode of an alternating current-direct current bidirectional AC/DC converter does not need to be changed when the power in the whole alternating current-direct current hybrid power supply system flows and the control mode is changed, the integrated control of the alternating current-direct current hybrid power supply system is realized, the control difficulty of the alternating current-direct current hybrid power supply system is greatly reduced, and the hybrid power supply system can be continuously expanded to multi-area hybrid power supply without changing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a DC/AC hybrid power supply system with interconnected DC and AC/DC;
fig. 2 is a constant voltage to frequency ratio control block diagram for a bidirectional AC/DC converter.
The reference numerals in fig. 1 are: 1, a distributed power supply; 2, loading; 3, an energy storage device; 4, a distributed power supply; 5, loading; 6, energy storage equipment; 7 a bidirectional AC/DC converter; 8 alternating current bus; 9 dc bus.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show a typical implementation method, and the implementation example takes a dc-ac hybrid power supply system of a dc region and an ac region as an example, and other similar structures and systems and methods for interconnecting a plurality of ac-dc regions are within the scope of the present invention according to the basic principle of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a distributed control method for an AC/DC hybrid power supply system based on interconnection of bidirectional AC/DC converters and access to a distributed power supply is provided. The alternating current-direct current hybrid system comprises a direct current power supply area and an alternating current power supply area, wherein a distributed power supply 1, a load 2 and an energy storage device 3 which are matched with the running characteristics of an alternating current bus 8 of the alternating current power supply area are connected to the alternating current bus 8 of the alternating current power supply area; a distributed power supply 4, a load 5 and an energy storage device 6 which are matched with the running characteristics of the direct current bus 9 in the direct current power supply area are connected; the alternating current bus 8 and the direct current bus 9 are interconnected through the bidirectional AC/DC converter 7, and voltage conversion and energy bidirectional flow between alternating current and direct current areas are achieved. A large number of ac distributed power sources 1, energy storage devices 3, and various ac loads 2 can be connected to the ac bus 8. A large number of dc distributed power sources 4, energy storage devices 6, and various dc loads 5 may also be connected to the dc bus 9.
The invention provides a novel control mode and a novel control method for alternating current-direct current interconnected bidirectional AC/DC constant V/F ratio (constant voltage-frequency ratio). Assuming that the rated voltage frequency at the AC side of the AC-DC interconnected bidirectional AC/DC converter is f0The actual frequency is f, the rated voltage of the DC side is V0When the actual voltage is V and the rated dc voltage to ac frequency ratio is k, k is V0/f0. The control algorithm calculates the deviation E of the ratio of the actual direct current voltage V to the actual alternating current frequency f to the rated ratio k, and controls the PWM control output U of the bidirectional AC/DC converter IGBT through PID. The whole control algorithm framework is shown in figure 2.
E=k-V/f=V0/f0-V/f (1)
U=E×(KP+KI/s)=(k-V/f)×(KP+KI/s) (2)
Wherein KPFor PID control of the proportionality coefficient, KIThe integration coefficient is controlled for PID, and s is the integration factor.
In this example, assume the nominal AC frequency f050Hz, and rated voltage of DC side is V0At 400V, the rated ratio of dc voltage to ac frequency is 400/50 to 8. And calculating the control output quantity U of the bidirectional AC/DC converter according to the formulas (1) and (2). PID control proportionality coefficient KPAnd PID control integral coefficient KIThe method can be set by a critical proportion method, a Ziegler-Nichols method and the like.
Based on the fact that the alternating current-direct current interconnected bidirectional AC/DC converter is in a constant V/F ratio (constant voltage-frequency ratio) control mode, the distributed control method for seamless connection of the alternating current-direct current hybrid system comprises a distributed control mode and a master-slave control mode;
(1) under the distributed control mode, the operation control strategy of each device in the alternating current-direct current hybrid system is as follows:
(1.1) the bidirectional AC/DC converter 7 is controlled in a constant V/F ratio (constant voltage-frequency ratio) control mode to realize constant proportion control between the frequency of an alternating current bus in an alternating current region and the direct current voltage in a direct current region which are interconnected, and the constant voltage-frequency ratio of the bidirectional AC/DC converter is the ratio between the rated voltage frequency of the alternating current region and the rated direct current voltage of the direct current region which are interconnected; for example, the nominal AC frequency f in this example050Hz, and rated voltage of DC side is V0At 400V, the rated ratio of dc voltage to ac frequency is 400/50 to 8.
(1.2) the direct-current power supply area alternating-current bus 9 and the distributed power supplies 1 and 4, the loads 2 and 5 and the energy storage 3 and 6 in the alternating-current power supply area direct-current bus 8 which are interconnected by the bidirectional AC/DC converter 7 work in a droop control mode, so that the load fluctuation stabilization and the power balance in an alternating-current and direct-current hybrid system are realized; the distributed power supply between the alternating current and direct current areas realizes integral energy exchange through constant voltage frequency ratio control of the interconnected bidirectional AC/DC converter 7;
(1.3) due to the constant voltage frequency ratio control of the bidirectional AC/DC converter 7, when the voltage of one side area of the alternating current-direct current hybrid system changes, the voltage of the other side correspondingly changes; at the moment, the distributed power supplies or the energy storage devices on the two sides realize the balance control of power through droop control, and the change of the load on the side or the other side or the change of the output of the distributed power supplies is restrained;
(2) when constant control of direct-current voltage or constant voltage frequency of an alternating-current area needs to be achieved, the whole alternating-current and direct-current hybrid system is switched to a master-slave control mode, and the operation control strategy of each device in the alternating-current and direct-current hybrid system in the master-slave control mode is as follows:
(2.1) the bidirectional AC/DC converter 7 interconnected with the AC/DC bus in the AC/DC hybrid system still keeps constant voltage frequency ratio control;
(2.2) using a certain distributed power supply 1 or energy storage 3 device connected to an alternating current bus 8 in an alternating current region as a main power supply, enabling the distributed power supply to work in an alternating current voltage frequency and amplitude control mode, and being used for realizing rated alternating current voltage control and stabilizing the voltage of the alternating current region; or, a certain distributed power supply 4 or energy storage 6 device connected to a dc bus 9 in the dc region is used as a main power supply, so that the distributed power supply works in a dc voltage constant control mode to stabilize the dc voltage in the dc region;
because the alternating current-direct current bus in the alternating current-direct current region is controlled by the bidirectional AC/DC converter 7 controlled by the constant voltage-frequency ratio, the voltage on the other side is also a rated constant value;
for example, in this embodiment, the energy storage 6 on the dc bus 9 may be selected as a main control voltage, and operate in a voltage control mode to provide voltage support for the entire system.
(2.3) simultaneously, the other distributed power supplies 1 and 4 work in a maximum power tracking mode, a PQ mode or a droop control mode;
(2.4) the energy storage 3 device not acting as a main power source operates in the PQ mode or the droop mode.