CN108666743B - Orthogonal polarization plane array antenna designed by adopting cross polarization suppression method - Google Patents
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- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
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- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
Abstract
The invention discloses an orthogonal polarization plane array antenna designed by adopting a cross polarization suppression method. The antenna is mainly formed by arranging and connecting basic arrays, each basic array is formed by connecting radiation units in a 4 x 4 array, each radiation unit is provided with two orthogonal feed ports, the basic arrays and the radiation units in the basic arrays are connected through feed networks, and the radiation units and the orthogonal feed ports in each basic array are arranged in a horizontal or vertical mirror symmetry mode or in a horizontal and vertical simultaneous mirror symmetry mode. The method adopted by the invention is suitable for various centrosymmetric arrays such as circular arrays, square arrays, rectangular arrays and the like working in linear polarization and circular polarization modes, and can be widely used for plane array antennas working in orthogonal polarization, particularly electric large-aperture arrays.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a planar array antenna, in particular to an orthogonal polarization planar array antenna designed by adopting a cross polarization suppression method, and simultaneously, the feasibility is verified.
Background
Because the orthogonal polarization plane array antenna allows different information to be transmitted in the same bandwidth, the orthogonal polarization plane array antenna plays an important role in bandwidth-sensitive satellite communication at present, and the effective bandwidth of the antenna can be doubled by utilizing the orthogonal polarization plane array antenna. However, in this type of antenna, both circular and linear polarized antennas have high requirements for cross polarization. The technology of the incoming communication-in-motion antenna is rapidly developed, and the technology of suppressing cross polarization is very important in order to avoid potential interference generated in satellite communication. Meanwhile, in order to install a streamline antenna housing on a satellite antenna, a planar low-profile antenna needs to be designed to meet requirements, and a new technology for cross polarization suppression is urgently needed.
At present, various methods for suppressing cross polarization of multi-polarization antenna have been proposed in papers, one method is to reduce cross polarization of array elements by adjusting and changing the structure of radiation units, so as to reduce cross polarization of array structure, for example, cross polarization can be reduced more effectively by applying an orthogonal mode coupler; another method is to make adjacent array elements in the antenna array mirror-symmetrical and apply corresponding feeding phases, which has various modifications but makes the cross polarization components generated by the ports of the adjacent elements mutually suppress or cancel each other, so that the cross polarization performance is greatly improved, but when designing a large array, because each array element is symmetrical to the adjacent element, each symmetrical feeding may need to be reversed, and thus the design of the feeding network is more complicated compared with the proposed method. For example, the microstrip line feed inversion indicates that the electrical length of the microstrip line is increased, which causes the microstrip line to have longer space routing and even needs to route a broken line, because the array design may be more difficult due to factors such as limited space size.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention discloses a cross polarization suppression method of an orthogonal polarization plane array antenna.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the antenna is designed by the proposed cross polarization suppression method and is of an antenna structure which is mirror-symmetrical in the horizontal or vertical direction or mirror-symmetrical in the horizontal and vertical directions simultaneously.
The antenna is mainly formed by arranging and connecting basic arrays, the basic arrays are formed by connecting radiation units in a 4 x 4 array, each radiation unit is provided with two orthogonal feed ports, the basic arrays and the radiation units in the basic arrays are connected through feed networks, and the radiation units and the orthogonal feed ports in each basic array are arranged in a horizontal or vertical mirror symmetry mode or in a horizontal and vertical simultaneous mirror symmetry mode.
The antenna is mainly composed of a top layer, a bottom layer and a ground layer located between the top layer and the bottom layer, wherein the surface of the top layer is a radiation surface, the surface of the bottom layer is a back surface, and feed networks are uniformly distributed on the radiation surface and the back surface.
When the radiation surface is arranged in the horizontal mirror symmetry mode, the radiation surface adopts a constant-amplitude in-phase feed network, and the back surface adopts a constant-amplitude reverse-phase feed network; when the radiation surface is arranged in the vertical mirror symmetry mode, the radiation surface adopts a constant-amplitude reverse-phase feed network, and the back surface adopts a constant-amplitude in-phase feed network; when the feed lines are arranged in the horizontal and vertical mirror symmetry mode, the radiation surface and the back surface both adopt equal-amplitude reverse feed networks.
The specific arrangement structure of the constant-amplitude in-phase feed network is a multistage micro-strip power dividing network similar to a Wilkinson power divider, and the stage number of the power dividing network is one half of the total number of the antenna radiation units.
The specific arrangement structure of the constant-amplitude reverse phase feed network is different from that of the constant-amplitude in-phase feed network in that the difference of the line lengths of the micro-strip lines at the two output ends of the first-stage power divider is 180 degrees.
And the feed networks on the radiation surface and the back surface respectively correspond to two orthogonal polarizations of the antenna.
The ground layer material is pure copper, and the top layer and the bottom layer are both base plates made of FR 4.
The invention relates to an orthogonal polarization plane array antenna designed by adopting a cross polarization suppression method.
In the invention, the feed network can be integrally designed on the orthogonal polarization plane array antenna, and independent feed devices can be used for respectively feeding the antenna radiation units. For the mirror-symmetrical basic array, the attached feed network is mirror-symmetrical; for the basic arrays which are mirror symmetric with each other, the input ports of the auxiliary feed networks need to be fed by the feed networks which are output in a constant-amplitude and reverse phase manner.
The invention regards the aperture of the whole antenna as being composed of even or odd number of identical basic arrays fed by the same-phase feed network, so that the adjacent basic arrays are mirror symmetry.
The antenna basic array is subjected to mirror symmetry processing to form an antenna structure which is mirror symmetric in the horizontal or vertical direction or mirror symmetric in the horizontal and vertical directions simultaneously, so that the antenna can work in an orthogonal polarization mode.
The invention firstly obtains the orthogonal polarization plane array antenna with suppressed cross polarization by a mirror symmetry method of the basic array through a one-time symmetry or two-time symmetry mode. And designing corresponding constant-amplitude in-phase and constant-amplitude reverse-phase feed networks for the basic array to meet the requirement of constant-amplitude reverse-phase feeding between feed ports corresponding to all positions of the mirror-symmetric basic array. And the difference between the cross-polarization level and the main polarization level is specifically simulated or measured to obtain a specific cross-polarization isolation.
The invention can solve the problems of the existing cross polarization inhibition method, and has the advantages that:
1. the relatively complex radiation unit structure is not required to be designed to meet the cross polarization index, and the cross polarization tolerance of the unit is greatly improved.
2. The near-field coupling effect is slightly less affected in a tightly coupled array antenna than in a method where adjacent radiating elements are symmetric.
3. The adjustment of the basic array level ensures that the feed network only needs to consider the inverted structure design in the first power distribution, and compared with a symmetrical method of adjacent radiating units, the complexity of the antenna array is greatly reduced on the premise of ensuring the cross polarization isolation index.
4. The applicable antenna polarization forms are wider, and the shape of the basic array is not limited to square or rectangle.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the implementation process of the cross-polarization suppression method for the cross-polarization planar array antenna. In the figure: (a) the three orthogonal polarization plane array antennas are respectively represented by (b) and (c), the outer square frame in each subgraph represents a basic array, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 represent radiation elements of the plane array antenna, a solid triangle represents a 0-degree in-phase feed port, and a solid square represents a 180-degree pi-phase feed port.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of theoretical calculation results of horizontal polarization cross polarization isolation of three antennas (a), (b), and (c) corresponding to fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an evolution diagram of all possible structures of an orthogonal polarization planar array antenna designed by using a cross polarization suppression method.
Fig. 4 shows a basic array of antennas in embodiments 1 and 2. (a) The (b) and (c) are the orthogonal dipole antenna in the embodiment 1, and the 4 × 4 basic array radiation surface structure and the back surface structure in the embodiment 2. In the figure: 9. the antenna comprises an analog vertical polarization dipole antenna, 10 an analog horizontal polarization dipole antenna, 11 a feed port, 12 and a radiation unit.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of a plurality of basic arrays in example 2. In the figure: 13. the constant-amplitude in-phase feed network is used for connecting the radiating elements, and 14 the constant-amplitude reverse-phase feed network is used for connecting the radiating elements. In the figure, the left side is an antenna radiation surface feed network connection mode, and the right side is an antenna back surface feed network connection mode.
Fig. 6 is two sets of 8 × 4 and 8 × 8 orthogonal polarization plane array antennas applied in embodiment 2.
Fig. 6(a) is an 8 × 4 microstrip in-phase arrangement array diagram, in which the upper part shows an antenna radiation surface structure and the lower part shows an antenna back surface structure.
Fig. 6(b) is a diagram of an 8 × 4 microstrip pi-phase arrangement array, in which the upper part shows an antenna radiation surface structure and the lower part shows an antenna back surface structure.
Fig. 6(c) is an 8 × 8 microstrip in-phase arrangement array diagram, in which the upper part shows an antenna radiation surface structure and the lower part shows an antenna back surface structure.
Fig. 6(d) is a diagram of an 8 × 8 microstrip pi-phase arrangement array, in which the upper part shows an antenna radiation surface structure and the lower part shows an antenna back surface structure.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram comparing the mirror symmetry cross polarization suppression method of adjacent radiating elements with the suppression method proposed in the present invention. In the figure: 15. a planar array antenna feed port with symmetrical adjacent radiating elements, and 16 a planar array antenna feed port with basically symmetrical array.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a cross-polarization suppressing method according to the present invention.
In the figure, a subgraph at the upper left corner represents a circularly polarized planar array antenna, a subgraph at the upper right corner represents an irregular cross-shaped structure orthogonal polarized planar array antenna, and a subgraph at the lower part represents a basic array of the irregular cross-shaped structure orthogonal polarized planar array antenna.
In the figure: 17. a circularly polarized planar array antenna, 18 denotes a 0 ° feed port (for convenience of explanation), 19 denotes a 180 ° feed port, 20 denotes a 90 ° feed port, 21 denotes a 270 ° feed port, 22, an irregular cross-structure orthogonally polarized planar array antenna, and 23, a basic array of an irregular cross-structure orthogonally polarized planar array antenna, respectively.
Fig. 9 is a relationship between the cross polarization of the radiation element and the cross polarization isolation of the orthogonally polarized planar array antenna when θ is 0 ° calculated according to embodiment 1.
Fig. 10 is a diagram of the improvement effect of the axial ratio of the 8 × 8 circularly polarized planar array antenna in fig. 7.
FIG. 11 is a cross-shaped cross-structure cross-polarization orthogonal planar array antenna of FIG. 7
A planar horizontal polarization cross polarization isolation curve.
Fig. 12 is a graph of the results of a full-wave simulation of the antenna in example 2.
Fig. 13 is a graph showing the results of darkroom measurements of the antenna of example 2.
Fig. 14 is a diagram for analyzing an error due to asymmetry of the antenna in embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
The specific implementation of the invention adopts three antennas, such as three subgraphs (a), (b) and (c) shown in fig. 1, and the outer frame in each subgraph is a basic array in the antenna.
First antenna: the antenna is mainly formed by arranging and connecting basic arrays, each basic array is shown in fig. 1(a), the basic array is formed by connecting 16 radiation units in a 4 x 4 mode, each radiation unit is provided with two orthogonal feed ports, the basic arrays and the radiation units in the basic arrays are connected through a feed network, the radiation units and the orthogonal feed ports in the basic arrays are arranged in the same phase, namely the two orthogonal feed ports of the radiation units in the basic arrays are arranged in the same position as the radiation units, and the radiation units are in translation and duplication to form array arrangement.
The second antenna: the antenna is mainly formed by arranging and connecting basic arrays, each basic array is shown in fig. 1(b), the basic array is formed by connecting 16 radiation units in a 4 x 4 mode, each radiation unit is provided with two orthogonal feed ports, the radiation units in the basic arrays and the radiation units in the basic arrays are connected through a feed network, the radiation units and the orthogonal feed ports in each basic array are arranged in a horizontal mirror symmetry mode, namely all the orthogonal feed ports of the 16 radiation units in the basic array are arranged in the same position as the radiation units and are arranged in the horizontal mirror symmetry mode, and the radiation units in the basic arrays are horizontally mirror-symmetrical by taking a vertical central line as a symmetry axis to form array arrangement.
The third antenna: the antenna is mainly formed by arranging and connecting basic arrays, each basic array is shown in figure 1(c), the basic array is formed by connecting 16 radiation units in a 4 x 4 mode, each radiation unit is provided with two orthogonal feed ports, the radiation units in the basic arrays and the radiation units in the basic arrays are connected through a feed network, the radiation units in each basic array and the orthogonal feed ports thereof are arranged in a horizontal and vertical simultaneous mirror symmetry mode, that is, all the orthogonal feeding ports of the 16 radiation units in the basic array are arranged in the same position as the radiation units, and are arranged in a horizontal and vertical mirror symmetry manner, and each radiation unit of the basic array performs horizontal mirror symmetry with a vertical center line as a symmetry axis and then performs vertical mirror symmetry with a horizontal center line as a symmetry axis to form array arrangement.
Fig. 3 details the possible arrangement of the cross-polarization planar array antenna with various feed structures after the cross-polarization suppression method proposed by the present invention is adopted. For example, for the top left diagram of fig. 3, the antenna structure may suppress the cross polarization field of the antenna by performing mirror symmetry arrangement on the two sets of basic arrays of the right half and the bottom half, or may be implemented by performing mirror symmetry arrangement on the two sets of basic arrays of the left half and the bottom half.
The examples of the invention are as follows:
all the antenna working frequencies mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention are 5.8 GHz.
To quantitatively illustrate the suppression of cross polarization in the far-field range, example 1 represents the cross polarization isolation of the horizontal ports of three antennas by the following three formulas:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
，
i and j respectively represent ordinal numbers of the antenna units, i and j are positive integer sets from 1 to M and from 1 to N, XPD1、XPD2And XPD3Respectively showing the cross-polarization isolation of the three antennas,
and
respectively are a cross polarization field and a main polarization field of the radiation unit, M represents the number of antenna units in the horizontal direction, N represents the number of antenna units in the vertical direction, k is a wave vector, d is the distance between the radiation units, theta is a pitch angle when the center of the antenna is taken as an origin,
is the azimuth angle with the antenna center as the origin.
Example 1:
in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the radiating element is composed of a set of orthogonal dipole antennas, where one dipole antenna 10 simulates horizontal polarization and the other dipole antenna 9 simulates vertical polarization, so as to form an orthogonal dipole antenna radiating element, as shown in fig. 4 (a).
Assuming a cross-polarized field generated in the horizontal direction by vertical polarization
Main polarized field than horizontal polarization
Only 3dB lower, in this case the XPD is calculated1、XPD2And XPD3. As can be seen from the formula, in the ideal case of the second antenna, when θ is 0 °, the cross-polarization fields of the second and third antennas are cancelled.
The second antenna obtained through the first mirror symmetry step,
the cross polarization isolation of the horizontal polarization can be greatly improved. A third antenna obtained by the second mirror symmetry step,
the cross polarization isolation of the horizontal polarization at 90 degrees is greatly improved. Similar results are obtained when calculating cross polarization isolation for vertical polarization.
And
i.e. the E-plane and the H-plane of the antenna.
When the second dayWhen the lines are vertically rearranged by a basic array of antennas of the first type in the lower half,
a plane cross polarization isolation of 0 deg. is greatly improved.
The principle analysis shows that the basic array mirror symmetry enables cross polarization indexes of orthogonal polarization plane array antennas such as a communication-in-motion antenna to be greatly improved at the position where the maximum radiation direction theta is 0 deg.
Fig. 1 shows three antennas arranged in three ways, in which fig. 1(a) shows an in-phase arrangement array, and fig. 1(b) and fig. 1(c) both show a pi-phase arrangement array. ECAnd EPRespectively representing the cross-polarization field and the main polarization field.
Fig. 1(a) to 1(b) are the first steps, and in the first step, the feed ports of the radiation elements 1 and 2 are rearranged so as to be mirror-symmetrical to the feed ports of the radiation elements 3 and 4, so as to form fig. 1 (b).
Fig. 1(b) to 1(c) show a first step, and a second step is to rearrange the feeding ports of the radiating elements 6 and 8 so that they are mirror-symmetrical to the feeding ports of the radiating elements 5 and 7, to form fig. 1 (c).
By mirror symmetry at each step, cross-polarization is stepwise at a plurality of steps
The plane is improved, fig. 2 clearly illustrates the variation of the cross-polarization isolation of the array, the first step being to make
270 ° planar isolation improvement (b), the second step being such that
The isolation improves at 90 °, 180 °, 270 °.
Example 2:
example 2 the above method was demonstrated using two sets of 8 x 4 and 8 x 8 dual linearly polarized microstrip array antennas. Each group of antennas consists of a microstrip in-phase arrangement array and a microstrip pi-phase arrangement array.
As shown in fig. 4, the radiation surface of the basic array is structured as shown in fig. 4(b), and the radiation surfaces are connected by the respective radiation elements 12 through an electrode laying arrangement and connected to the output feed port 11 of the basic array. The back structure is as shown in fig. 4(c), and the back is formed by cascading a plurality of wilkinson microstrip power dividers and connecting the wilkinson microstrip power dividers with the radiation units.
The radiation surface and the back surface are both provided with feed networks, as shown in fig. 5, taking an 8 × 4 microstrip orthogonal polarization planar array antenna as an example, fig. 5(a) and 5(b) are respectively a constant-amplitude feed network 13 and a constant-amplitude reverse-phase feed network 14. Two coaxial lines are seen in the constant amplitude reverse feed network 14 and are connected to the wilkinson microstrip reverse power divider. The radiating elements and the feed network were printed on a three-layer FR4 substrate (dielectric constant 4.3, tangent loss 0.025), with a top layer thickness of 1.6mm, a bottom layer thickness of 0.5mm, and a ground layer in the middle, each radiating patch having dimensions of 11.4 x 11.6mm2。
As shown in fig. 6, in order to form dual polarization, feed networks are laid on both sides of the orthogonal polarization plane array, the constant-amplitude in-phase feed network employs single-port feed, the constant-amplitude reverse-phase feed network employs dual-port feed, the radiation plane feed excites a vertical polarization field on the antenna, and the back feed excites a horizontal polarization field on the antenna. The radiation surface and back surface structure of the 8 × 4 microstrip in-phase arranged orthogonal polarization planar array antenna is shown in fig. 6(a), and 32 radiation units are respectively connected with two groups of power distribution networks on the radiation surface and the back surface; the radiation surface and the back surface of the 8 × 4 microstrip pi-phase arranged orthogonal polarization plane array antenna are in the structure shown in fig. 6(b), 32 radiation units are connected with the power distribution network of the radiation surface, and because the antenna is basically in array mirror symmetry in the direction of the vertical polarization electric field, two groups of power distribution networks on the back surface are respectively connected with the radiation units; the radiation surface and back surface structure of the 8 × 8 microstrip in-phase arranged orthogonal polarization planar array antenna is shown in fig. 6(c), and 64 radiation units are respectively connected with two groups of power distribution networks on the radiation surface and the back surface; the radiation surface and back surface of the 8 × 8 microstrip pi-phase arranged orthogonal polarization plane array antenna are as shown in fig. 6(d), 64 radiation units are connected with the power distribution network of the radiation surface, and because the antenna is basically in array mirror symmetry in the horizontal and vertical polarization electric field directions, four groups of power distribution networks of the radiation surface and the back surface are required to be respectively connected with the radiation units.
The difference between 8 × 4 and 8 × 8 microstrip pi-phase arrangement arrays is that: the former comprises two 4 x 4 basic arrays and is mirror-symmetrical in the horizontal direction, and the latter four 4 x 4 basic arrays are mirror-symmetrical in the horizontal and vertical directions.
The difference between the microstrip in-phase and the pi-phase arrangement array in this embodiment is that, because each mirror symmetry of the basic array requires feeding and phase inversion, the designed microstrip phase-inversion power divider provides a differential phase for two mirror-symmetric ports of the antenna, so that the microstrip pi-phase arrangement array requires more than two (not two) feeding ports to feed horizontally polarized and vertically polarized feeds to the basic array which is mirror-symmetric to each other.
Obtained by simulation calculation
And
the cross polarization isolation of the planar antenna array is measured and calculated in a microwave darkroom by a vector network analyzer to obtain the cross polarization isolation of a real object.
The two microstrip pi-phase arrangement arrays achieve great improvement at the position of the maximum radiation direction theta being 0 degrees, and the 8 x 8 array obtains better cross polarization isolation degree in a larger radiation angle range.
FIGS. 12 and 13 compare the results of simulation and measurement of cross-polarization isolation for 8 × 4 and 8 × 8 microstrip in-phase and π -phase layout arrays, and FIG. 12 shows that the two arrays are respectively on
Results of cross-polarization isolation simulation for plane horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, FIG. 13 shows that the two arrays are respectively on
Cross polarization isolation measurement of planar horizontal and vertical polarization. The microstrip pi phase array corresponds to the planar array antenna (b) and the planar array antenna (c) obtained by mirror symmetry of the planar array antenna (a) in the figure 1 for one time and two times respectively, and the 8 multiplied by 4 microstrip pi phase array is an antenna with basic array symmetry in the horizontal direction. In the ideal case, the cross-polarization performance of the far field of the antenna is greatly improved in a large angular range. Compared with microstrip in-phase and pi-phase arrangement arrays, the cross polarization isolation is effectively improved, particularly, the maximum radiation direction theta is 0 degrees, the improvement effect obtained through simulation experiments is more than 60dB, and the improvement effect obtained through darkroom measurement is more than 10 dB.
The asymmetry of the basic array will affect the cross polarization isolation of the cross polarization planar array antenna to a certain extent, fig. 14 shows the relationship between the position error of the microstrip pi phase arrangement array with the basic array of 4 × 4 and the cross polarization isolation, and the cross polarization planar array antenna designed by the cross polarization suppression method has higher sensitivity to the asymmetry.
Based on the formula for calculating the cross polarization isolation of the three antennas in embodiment 1, the curve result shown in fig. 9 can be calculated, where the horizontal axis represents the horizontal polarization or vertical polarization cross polarization isolation of the radiation unit, and the vertical axis represents the cross polarization isolation of the planar array antenna. In an ideal case, the element cross polarization has no influence on the planar array antenna after mirror symmetry, and the planar array antenna cross polarization is completely suppressed when theta is equal to 0 deg. Therefore, the invention does not need to design a more complex radiation unit structure to meet the cross polarization index, and greatly improves the cross polarization tolerance of the unit.
Fig. 7 shows a tightly coupled planar array antenna with symmetrical adjacent radiating elements and a tightly coupled planar array antenna with symmetrical basic array, wherein the radiating elements are spaced by one third of a wavelength. In the method of symmetry between adjacent radiating elements, the energy coupling between the central two adjacent element ports 15 is about-18.3 dB for the same size and shape of the antenna. The suppression method is verified by simulation, for the tightly coupled planar array antenna, the energy coupling of the two adjacent unit ports 16 in the center is about-21.3 dB, and the near field coupling is slightly smaller. It can be seen that the near-field coupling effect in the tightly coupled array antenna is slightly less affected by the present invention compared to the symmetric approach of adjacent radiating elements.
As shown in fig. 7, since the adjacent radiating elements are symmetrical and also guarantee the opposite feeding phases, in the case of feeding by using the feeding microstrip line, the feeding microstrip line of the symmetrical radiating element changes due to the requirement of the electrical length, and therefore the physical size needs to be redesigned. In such a case, the feed microstrip line is often required to be lengthened, and designing a feed network under the condition of limited surface space of the antenna is a difficult point. Assuming that the complexity of one-time phase reversal is 1, the method provided by the invention only needs one-time phase reversal in horizontal polarization or vertical polarization, and the complexity is 2. And the method complexity of the symmetry of the adjacent radiating elements is n, wherein n is the total number of the radiating elements. Therefore, the adjustment of the basic array level of the invention ensures that the feed network only needs to consider the inverted structure design in the first power distribution, and compared with the symmetrical method of adjacent radiation units, the complexity of the antenna array is greatly reduced on the premise of ensuring the cross polarization isolation index.
Fig. 8 shows the mirror-symmetric circularly polarized planar array antenna 17 and the irregular cross-shaped orthogonal polarized planar array antenna 22. The 0 degree feeding port 18 and the 90 degree feeding port 20 of the circularly polarized planar array antenna are in mirror symmetry, and the 180 degree feeding port 19 and the 270 degree feeding port 21 of the circularly polarized planar array antenna are in mirror symmetry and have an irregular cross structure, and the orthogonally polarized planar array antenna is composed of a basic array 23 containing three radiating elements. As can be seen from fig. 10, the Axial Ratio (AR) of the circularly polarized planar array antenna in the maximum radiation direction can be improved by using the cross-polarization suppression method. And fig. 11 shows that the cross polarization isolation of the irregular cross structure orthogonal polarization plane array antenna can be greatly improved by adopting a cross polarization suppression method. It can be seen that the antenna polarization form to which the present invention is applied is wider, and the shape of the basic array is not limited to a square or rectangle.
Therefore, the invention adopts the mirror symmetry arrangement method of the radiation aperture surface basic arrays, the surface of the planar array antenna is regarded as being composed of even number or odd number basic arrays with the same number of radiation units, and the adjacent basic arrays can obtain good cross polarization suppression effect through mirror symmetry. For the basic arrays which are mirror symmetric to each other, the constant-amplitude reverse-phase feeding mode is adopted, and the symmetric characteristic of the antenna is utilized to ensure that the cross polarization fields radiated by the basic arrays are mutually inhibited in the far-field beam range, particularly in the normal radiation direction under the condition that the main polarization field is basically not influenced.
Claims (5)
1. An orthogonal polarization plane array antenna designed by adopting a cross polarization suppression method is characterized in that: the antenna structure is mirror-symmetrical in the horizontal or vertical direction or mirror-symmetrical in the horizontal and vertical directions simultaneously;
the antenna structure mainly comprises a top layer, a bottom layer and a ground layer positioned between the top layer and the bottom layer, wherein the surface of the top layer is a radiation surface, the surface of the bottom layer is a back surface, and feed networks are uniformly distributed on the radiation surface and the back surface;
the antenna comprises more than two basic arrays which are arranged and connected, wherein each basic array comprises a plurality of radiating elements with two orthogonal feed ports, the radiating elements between the basic arrays and among the basic arrays are connected through a feed network, the radiating elements and the orthogonal feed ports thereof between the adjacent basic arrays are arranged in a horizontal or vertical mirror symmetry mode or in a horizontal and vertical simultaneous mirror symmetry mode, and the antenna specifically comprises the following components:
when the antenna structures are arranged in the horizontal mirror symmetry mode, the radiation surface adopts a constant-amplitude in-phase feed network, the back surface adopts a constant-amplitude reverse-phase feed network, the adjacent basic arrays are in mirror symmetry along the horizontal direction, the horizontal ports and the vertical ports are in mirror symmetry along the horizontal direction, the radiation units of different basic arrays feed reverse phases through the horizontal ports, and the vertical ports feed in phase;
when the antenna structures are arranged in the vertical mirror symmetry mode, the radiation surface adopts a constant-amplitude reverse-phase feed network, the back surface adopts a constant-amplitude in-phase feed network, the adjacent basic arrays are in mirror symmetry along the vertical direction, the horizontal ports and the vertical ports are in mirror symmetry along the vertical direction, the vertical ports of the radiation units of different basic arrays are in phase opposition, and the horizontal ports are in phase;
when the antenna structures are arranged in the horizontal and vertical simultaneous mirror symmetry mode, equal-amplitude reverse feed networks are adopted on the radiation surfaces and the back surfaces, adjacent basic arrays are in simultaneous mirror symmetry along the horizontal and vertical directions, horizontal ports are in mirror symmetry along the horizontal direction, vertical ports are in mirror symmetry along the vertical direction, radiation units of different basic arrays are in reverse phase at the horizontal ports and in reverse phase at the vertical ports.
2. An orthogonal polarization planar array antenna designed by the cross polarization suppression method according to claim 1, wherein: the specific arrangement structure of the constant-amplitude in-phase feed network is a multistage micro-strip power dividing network of a Wilkinson power divider, and the stage number of the power dividing network is one half of the total number of the radiation units.
3. An orthogonal polarization planar array antenna designed by the cross polarization suppression method according to claim 1, wherein: the specific arrangement structure of the constant-amplitude reverse phase feed network is different from that of the constant-amplitude in-phase feed network in that the difference of the line lengths of the micro-strip lines at the two output ends of the first-stage power divider is 180 degrees.
4. An orthogonal polarization planar array antenna designed by the cross polarization suppression method according to claim 2, wherein: the ground layer material is pure copper, and the top layer and the bottom layer are both base plates made of FR 4.
5. A cross polarization suppression method of an orthogonal polarization plane array antenna is characterized in that: carrying out mirror symmetry processing on the antenna basic array to form an antenna structure which is mirror symmetric in the horizontal or vertical direction or mirror symmetric in the horizontal and vertical directions simultaneously, so that the antenna can work in an orthogonal polarization mode; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the antenna comprises more than two basic arrays which are arranged and connected, wherein each basic array comprises a plurality of radiating elements with two orthogonal feed ports, the radiating elements between the basic arrays and among the basic arrays are connected through a feed network, the radiating elements and the orthogonal feed ports thereof between the adjacent basic arrays are arranged in a horizontal or vertical mirror symmetry mode or in a horizontal and vertical simultaneous mirror symmetry mode, and the antenna specifically comprises the following components:
when the antenna structures are arranged in the horizontal mirror symmetry mode, the radiation surface adopts a constant-amplitude in-phase feed network, the back surface adopts a constant-amplitude reverse-phase feed network, the adjacent basic arrays are in mirror symmetry along the horizontal direction, the horizontal port and the vertical port are in mirror symmetry along the horizontal direction, the radiation units of different basic arrays are in feed reverse phase through the horizontal port, and the vertical ports are in feed in phase;
when the antenna structures are arranged in the vertical mirror symmetry mode, the radiation surface adopts a constant-amplitude reverse-phase feed network, the back surface adopts a constant-amplitude in-phase feed network, the adjacent basic arrays are in mirror symmetry along the vertical direction, the horizontal ports and the vertical ports are in mirror symmetry along the vertical direction, the vertical ports of the radiation units of different basic arrays are in phase opposition, and the horizontal ports are in phase;
when the antenna structures are arranged in the horizontal and vertical simultaneous mirror symmetry mode, equal-amplitude reverse feed networks are adopted on the radiation surfaces and the back surfaces, adjacent basic arrays are in simultaneous mirror symmetry along the horizontal and vertical directions, horizontal ports are in mirror symmetry along the horizontal direction, vertical ports are in mirror symmetry along the vertical direction, radiation units of different basic arrays are in reverse phase at the horizontal ports and in reverse phase at the vertical ports.
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| CN110854507B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-08-03 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Antenna packaging module and electronic equipment |
| CN111029791A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-17 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | Tightly coupled dipole reflection antenna array |
| CN111525280B (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-08-17 | 上海交通大学 | Circular polarization scanning array antenna based on Rotman lens |
| CN113540769A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-22 | 合肥若森智能科技有限公司 | Low-sidelobe high-cross-polarization luneberg lens array antenna |
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| CN113078461B (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2022-05-13 | 重庆邮电大学 | Reflection array antenna unit based on mirror symmetry method |
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