CN108664754B - Method for calculating buffer layer elastic modulus from buffer layer compactness - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating the elastic modulus of a buffer layer by the compactness of the buffer layer, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: a. measuring and calculating to obtain characteristic parameters of the soil and stone buffer layer particles, wherein the characteristic parameters comprise the soil and stone median diameter D, the soil and stone particle non-uniformity coefficient Cu and the soil and stone compactness S, and the soil and stone particle non-uniformity coefficient Cu is calculated by a formula 1; the earth and stone particle non-uniformity coefficient Cu comprises three levels, namely a uniform level, a basic uniform level and a non-uniform level, and the level is judged through the earth and stone particle non-uniformity coefficient Cu calculated by the formula 1; b. calculating the density S of the earth and the stone by the formula 2; c. and calculating the earth-rock elastic modulus M according to the earth-rock density S. The method fully considers the influence of the concrete compactness of the soil and the rock on the elastic modulus, is suitable for the actual calculation of the large-scale thick rock buffer layer in the field, has accurate and reliable calculation result, and has higher disaster prevention applicability for the disaster prevention and reduction of collapse and rock fall.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of collapse and rockfall prevention engineering, in particular to a method for calculating the elastic modulus of a buffer layer according to the compactness of the buffer layer.
Background
Collapse, falling rocks are a natural phenomenon that occurs in mountainous areas or on highway slopes. After collapse and falling rocks occur, huge rocks fall down a hillside or a roadside, and great damage can be caused to building facilities such as nearby residential houses and factories or highways. In order to reduce the influence of impact force, an effective protection is carried out by adopting an earth and stone buffer layer, which is an economic and effective measure. The most economical and applicable buffer layer is composed of one or more of stones, gravels, earth and the like, so that different particle sizes of the earth and stone buffer layer have different buffer effects, and the buffer effect can be expressed by the elastic modulus of the buffer layer. At present, the research on the elastic modulus of the earth and rock buffer layer at home and abroad is relatively rough, and only the range of particle sizes of a plurality of particles, the hardness and the compactness are considered, and the corresponding elastic modulus range is provided. The particle size range of the particles is not only rough, but also the specific particle size range is not defined clearly, and the range is difficult to determine in practical application, so that the actual requirement cannot be met: when the usable earth stone material of the actual construction site is thicker, if larger stone blocks are larger than the particle size of pebbles, the elastic modulus given range of the current earth stone is exceeded, the value of the elastic modulus cannot be determined, and whether the requirement for reducing the impact force of the rock rolling can be met or the manpower and material resources are wasted cannot be judged.
Chinese patent document CN 104360389a, published 2015 at 02/18 discloses a method for calculating elastic modulus of tight sandstone reservoir rock, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: acquiring logging parameters and petrophysical parameters of a compact sandstone reservoir; according to the logging parameters and the rock physical property parameters, combining a pre-established pore fracture attenuation model to calculate the elastic modulus of the rock under high frequency; calculating the high-frequency matrix elastic modulus of the rock according to the rock elastic modulus at the high frequency by combining a pre-established self-consistent model; and calculating the elastic modulus of the saturated rock at any frequency by utilizing the high-frequency matrix elastic modulus of the rock and combining the pore fracture attenuation model.
The method for calculating the elastic modulus of the rock of the tight sandstone reservoir disclosed in the patent document utilizes the established petrophysical model suitable for the tight sandstone reservoir, such as: and analyzing the compact sandstone reservoir by the pore fracture attenuation model and the self-consistent model to obtain the rock elastic modulus of the compact sandstone reservoir. However, the influence of the specific compactness of the tight sandstone reservoir rock on the elastic modulus is not considered, so that the calculation method is not suitable for the actual calculation of a large-scale thick rock buffer layer in the field, and has poor disaster prevention and reduction applicability to collapse and rockfall.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for calculating the elastic modulus of the buffer layer according to the compactness of the buffer layer, which overcomes the defects of the prior art, fully considers the influence of the concrete compactness of soil and stones on the elastic modulus, is suitable for the actual calculation of the large-scale thick stone buffer layer in the field, has accurate and reliable calculation results, and has higher disaster prevention applicability for the disaster prevention and reduction of collapse and rockfall.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for calculating the elastic modulus of a buffer layer according to the compactness of the buffer layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. measuring and calculating to obtain characteristic parameters of the particles of the earth-rock buffer layer, wherein the characteristic parameters comprise the median diameter D of the earth-rock, the nonuniform coefficient Cu of the earth-rock particles and the compactness S of the earth-rock, and the median diameter D of the earth-rock refers to the particle diameter of 50% of the earth-rock particles in percentage by weight and is in unit mm; calculating the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles by using formula 1; the uneven coefficient Cu of the soil and stone particles comprises three levels, namely a uniform level, a basic uniform level and an uneven level, wherein the uneven coefficient Cu of the soil and stone particles is not more than 5 and is the uniform level; the uneven coefficient of the earth and stone particles is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, and the earth and stone particles are in a basic even level; the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles is more than 10, and the level is judged according to the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles calculated by the formula 1;
Cu＝D60/D10formula 1
In the formula, D60The particle size is 60 percent of the particle size of the earth and stone particles by weight, and the unit is mm; d10The particle size is 10 percent of the particle size of the earth and stone particles by weight, and the unit is mm;
b. calculating the density S of the earth and the stone by the formula 2;
S＝Vmv formula 2
In the formula, VmIs the minimum volume of earth and stone, unit m3(ii) a V is the actual volume of earth and stone in m3；
c. Calculating the earth-rock elastic modulus M according to the earth-rock density S;
when the median particle diameter D of the earth and stone is more than or equal to 2mm, the earth and stone is gravel, pebble or coarse earth and stone, and the calculation is carried out by the formula 3;
M＝C1S4.3formula 3
When the median particle diameter D of the earth and the stone is more than or equal to 0.02mm and less than 2mm, the earth and the stone are taken as sandstone and are calculated by the formula 4;
M＝C2S4.3formula 4
When the median particle diameter D of the earth and the stone is less than 0.02mm, the earth and the stone are sandy clay containing 10-50% of clay, and the calculation is carried out according to the formula 5;
M＝46.3S3.6formula 5
Wherein M is the earth and rock elastic modulus in MPa; s is the density of the earth and the stone; c1And C2Are all coefficients.
Said C is1And C2And determining through a value taking table according to the inhomogeneous coefficient Cu grade of the earth and stone particles and the median diameter D of the earth and stone particles.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows:
the elastic modulus of the earth and stone of the buffer layer is related to the particle size of the earth and stone particles and also related to the particle size distribution of the earth and stone particles and the compactness of the earth and stone buffer layer. The magnitude and the characteristics of the physical quantities determine the magnitude of the elastic modulus of the earth and stone buffer layer and also determine the impact force buffering capacity and characteristics of the earth and stone buffer layer.
According to the invention, the relationship between the particle size of the particles of the soil-rock buffer layer and the elastic modulus of the soil-rock buffer layer is researched through a large number of experimental researches and theoretical deductions. According to the research results at home and abroad: the impact force of the rolling stone is related to the mass, the moving speed, the elastic modulus, the moving direction of the impact object and the included angle of the plane of the impacted object, and is also related to the elastic modulus of the impacted object, and the physical quantities determine the impact force of the rolling stone.
When the impacted object is the soil-rock buffer layer, the magnitude order of the elastic modulus of the soil-rock buffer layer is 0.3-200MPa, which is far smaller than that of the rolling stone, and the magnitude order of the elastic modulus of the rolling stone is 5000-. The relational expression of the elastic modulus of the soil-rock buffer layer and the elastic modulus of the rolling stone is as follows:
wherein E is the comprehensive elastic modulus in MPa; e1Is the modulus of elasticity of the rolling stone in MPa; e2The elastic modulus of the earth and stone buffer layer is in MPa.
The elastic modulus that ultimately has an effect on the impact force is the overall elastic modulus E. When the elastic modulus of the rolling stones is far greater than that of the soil and stone buffer layer, the elastic modulus of the rolling stones can be ignored, the impact force of the rolling stones on the buffer layer and the building protected by the buffer layer can be calculated only by the elastic modulus of the soil and stone buffer layer, and the impact force is far smaller than the impact force of the rolling stones directly impacting the building without the buffer layer and is reduced along with the reduction of the elastic modulus of the buffer layer.
The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly shown in the following aspects:
firstly, the characteristic parameters of the particles of the earth and rock buffer layer are obtained by measuring and calculating, and comprise the median diameter D of the earth and rock, the nonuniform coefficient Cu of the earth and rock particles and the compactness S of the earth and rock, wherein the median diameter D of the earth and rock refers to the particle diameter of 50 percent of the earth and rock particles in percentage by weight, and the unit mm is obtained; calculating the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles by using formula 1; the uneven coefficient Cu of the soil and stone particles comprises three levels, namely a uniform level, a basic uniform level and an uneven level, wherein the uneven coefficient Cu of the soil and stone particles is not more than 5 and is the uniform level; the uneven coefficient of the earth and stone particles is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, and the earth and stone particles are in a basic even level; the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles is more than 10, and the level is judged according to the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles calculated by the formula 1; b. calculating the density S of the earth and the stone by the formula 2; c. the elastic modulus M of the earth and the stone is calculated according to the characteristic parameters of the earth and the stone, the influence of the specific compactness of the earth and the stone on the elastic modulus is fully considered, the calculation method is suitable for the actual calculation of the large-scale thick stone buffer layer in the field, the calculation result is accurate and reliable, and the method has higher disaster prevention applicability for the disaster prevention and reduction of collapse and rockfall.
According to the method, the influence of the concrete compactness of the earth and the stone on the elastic modulus is considered for the calculation of the elastic modulus of the earth and stone buffer layer, so that the calculation result is more accurate, and the method has better practical application significance for the disaster prevention and reduction of collapse and falling stones.
According to the invention, the calculation of the elastic modulus of the earth and stone buffer layer takes the earth and stone particle grading into consideration, namely the influence of the uniformity on the elastic modulus, so that the accuracy and reliability of the calculation result are further improved, and the method has better guiding significance for collapse, protection of falling rocks and disaster prevention and reduction in mountainous areas.
The method has different calculation methods for different soil and stone types in the soil and stone buffer layer, such as gravels and above coarse soil and stones, gravel type fine-grained soil and stones, and clay-containing soil and stones, so that the accuracy of calculating the elastic modulus of the soil and stone buffer layer is greatly improved, and a reliable basis can be provided for designing a defense impact force measure.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for calculating the elastic modulus of a buffer layer from the compactness of the buffer layer, comprising the following steps:
a. measuring and calculating to obtain characteristic parameters of the particles of the earth-rock buffer layer, wherein the characteristic parameters comprise the median diameter D of the earth-rock, the nonuniform coefficient Cu of the earth-rock particles and the compactness S of the earth-rock, and the median diameter D of the earth-rock refers to the particle diameter of 50% of the earth-rock particles in percentage by weight and is in unit mm; calculating the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles by using formula 1; the uneven coefficient Cu of the soil and stone particles comprises three levels, namely a uniform level, a basic uniform level and an uneven level, wherein the uneven coefficient Cu of the soil and stone particles is not more than 5 and is the uniform level; the uneven coefficient of the earth and stone particles is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, and the earth and stone particles are in a basic even level; the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles is more than 10, and the level is judged according to the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles calculated by the formula 1;
Cu＝D60/D10formula 1
In the formula, D60The particle size is 60 percent of the particle size of the earth and stone particles by weight, and the unit is mm; d10The particle size is 10 percent of the particle size of the earth and stone particles by weight, and the unit is mm;
b. calculating the density S of the earth and the stone by the formula 2;
S＝Vmv formula 2
In the formula, VmIs the minimum volume of earth and stone, unit m3(ii) a V is the actual volume of earth and stone in m3；
c. Calculating the earth-rock elastic modulus M according to the earth-rock density S;
when the median particle diameter D of the earth and stone is more than or equal to 2mm, the earth and stone is gravel, pebble or coarse earth and stone, and the calculation is carried out by the formula 3;
M＝C1S4.3formula 3
When the median particle diameter D of the earth and the stone is more than or equal to 0.02mm and less than 2mm, the earth and the stone are taken as sandstone and are calculated by the formula 4;
M＝C2S4.3formula 4
When the median particle diameter D of the earth and the stone is less than 0.02mm, the earth and the stone are sandy clay containing 10-50% of clay, and the calculation is carried out according to the formula 5;
M＝46.3S3.6formula 5
Wherein M is the earth and rock elastic modulus in MPa; s is the density of the earth and the stone; c1And C2Are all coefficients.
C1Determined by the value table of table 1:
| Cu | uniformity | Is substantially uniform | Unevenness of | Uniformity | Is substantially uniform | Unevenness of | Uniformity | Is substantially uniform | Unevenness of |
| D(mm) | 2-10 | 10-50 | 50-200 | 10-50 | 50-200 | 2-10 | 50-200 | 2-10 | 10-50 |
| C1 | 58.7 | 156.57 | 454.8 | 99.8 | 250.7 | 167.0 | 159.8 | 92.0 | 284.0 |
TABLE 1
C2Determined by the value-taking table of table 2:
TABLE 2
A, measuring and calculating to obtain characteristic parameters of the particles of the earth-rock buffer layer, wherein the characteristic parameters comprise the median diameter D of the earth and rock, the nonuniform coefficient Cu of the earth-rock particles and the compactness S of the earth and rock, and the median diameter D of the earth and rock refers to the particle diameter of 50 percent of the earth-rock particles in percentage by weight and is in unit mm; calculating the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles by using formula 1; the uneven coefficient Cu of the soil and stone particles comprises three levels, namely a uniform level, a basic uniform level and an uneven level, wherein the uneven coefficient Cu of the soil and stone particles is not more than 5 and is the uniform level; the uneven coefficient of the earth and stone particles is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, and the earth and stone particles are in a basic even level; the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles is more than 10, and the level is judged according to the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles calculated by the formula 1; b. calculating the density S of the earth and the stone by the formula 2; c. the elastic modulus M of the earth and the stone is calculated according to the characteristic parameters of the earth and the stone, the influence of the specific compactness of the earth and the stone on the elastic modulus is fully considered, the calculation method is suitable for the actual calculation of the large-scale thick stone buffer layer in the field, the calculation result is accurate and reliable, and the method has higher disaster prevention applicability for the disaster prevention and reduction of collapse and rockfall.
Example 2
A method for calculating the elastic modulus of a buffer layer from the compactness of the buffer layer, comprising the following steps:
a. measuring and calculating to obtain characteristic parameters of the particles of the earth-rock buffer layer, wherein the characteristic parameters comprise the median diameter D of the earth-rock, the nonuniform coefficient Cu of the earth-rock particles and the compactness S of the earth-rock, and the median diameter D of the earth-rock refers to the particle diameter of 50% of the earth-rock particles in percentage by weight and is in unit mm; calculating the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles by using formula 1; the uneven coefficient Cu of the soil and stone particles comprises three levels, namely a uniform level, a basic uniform level and an uneven level, wherein the uneven coefficient Cu of the soil and stone particles is not more than 5 and is the uniform level; the uneven coefficient of the earth and stone particles is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, and the earth and stone particles are in a basic even level; the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles is more than 10, and the level is judged according to the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles calculated by the formula 1;
Cu＝D60/D10formula 1
In the formula, D60The particle size is 60 percent of the particle size of the earth and stone particles by weight, and the unit is mm; d10The particle size is 10 percent of the particle size of the earth and stone particles by weight, and the unit is mm;
b. calculating the density S of the earth and the stone by the formula 2;
S＝Vmv formula 2
In the formula, VmIs the minimum volume of earth and stone, unit m3(ii) a V is the actual volume of earth and stone in m3；
c. Calculating the earth-rock elastic modulus M according to the earth-rock density S;
when the median particle diameter D of the earth and stone is more than or equal to 2mm, the earth and stone is gravel, pebble or coarse earth and stone, and the calculation is carried out by the formula 3;
M＝C1S4.3formula 3
When the median particle diameter D of the earth and the stone is more than or equal to 0.02mm and less than 2mm, the earth and the stone are taken as sandstone and are calculated by the formula 4;
M＝C2S4.3formula 4
When the median particle diameter D of the earth and the stone is less than 0.02mm, the earth and the stone are sandy clay containing 10-50% of clay, and the calculation is carried out according to the formula 5;
M＝46.3S3.6formula 5
Wherein M is the earth and rock elastic modulus in MPa; s is the density of the earth and the stone; c1And C2Are all coefficients.
Said C is1And C2According to the earth and stone particleThe grain nonuniformity factor Cu grade and the earth-rock median diameter D are determined by a value table.
The calculation of the elastic modulus of the earth and rock buffer layer considers the influence of the concrete compactness of the earth and rock on the elastic modulus, so that the calculation result is more accurate, and the method has better practical application significance for the disaster prevention and reduction of collapse and falling rocks.
The calculation of the elastic modulus of the earth and rock buffer layer takes the earth and rock particle grading into consideration, namely the influence of the uniformity on the elastic modulus, so that the accuracy and the reliability of the calculation result are further improved, and the method has better guiding significance for collapse, protection of falling rocks and disaster prevention and reduction in mountainous areas.
Different earth and stone types such as gravels and above coarse earth and stone, sand type fine-grained earth and stone and clay-containing earth and stone in the earth and stone buffer layer have different calculation methods, so that the accuracy of calculating the elastic modulus of the earth and stone buffer layer is greatly improved, and a reliable basis can be provided for designing a defense impact force measure.
Claims (1)
1. A method for calculating the elastic modulus of a buffer layer according to the compactness of the buffer layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. measuring and calculating to obtain characteristic parameters of the particles of the earth-rock buffer layer, wherein the characteristic parameters comprise the median diameter D of the earth-rock, the nonuniform coefficient Cu of the earth-rock particles and the compactness S of the earth-rock, and the median diameter D of the earth-rock refers to the particle diameter of 50% of the earth-rock particles in percentage by weight and is in unit mm; calculating the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles by using formula 1; the uneven coefficient Cu of the soil and stone particles comprises three levels, namely a uniform level, a basic uniform level and an uneven level, wherein the uneven coefficient Cu of the soil and stone particles is not more than 5 and is the uniform level; the uneven coefficient of the earth and stone particles is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, and the earth and stone particles are in a basic even level; the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles is more than 10, and the level is judged according to the uneven coefficient Cu of the earth and stone particles calculated by the formula 1;
Cu＝D60/D10formula 1
In the formula, D60The particle size is 60 percent of the particle size of the earth and stone particles by weight, and the unit is mm; d10The particle size is 10 percent of the particle size of the earth and stone particles by weight, and the unit is mm;
b. calculating the density S of the earth and the stone by the formula 2;
S＝Vmv formula 2
In the formula, VmIs the minimum volume of earth and stone, unit m3(ii) a V is the actual volume of earth and stone in m3；
c. Calculating the earth-rock elastic modulus M according to the earth-rock density S;
when the median particle diameter D of the earth and stone is more than or equal to 2mm, the earth and stone is gravel, pebble or coarse earth and stone, and the calculation is carried out by the formula 3;
M＝C1S4.3formula 3
When the median particle diameter D of the earth and the stone is more than or equal to 0.02mm and less than 2mm, the earth and the stone are taken as sandstone and are calculated by the formula 4;
M＝C2S4.3formula 4
When the median particle diameter D of the earth and the stone is less than 0.02mm, the earth and the stone are sandy clay containing 10-50% of clay, and the calculation is carried out according to the formula 5;
M＝46.3S3.6formula 5
Wherein M is the earth and rock elastic modulus in MPa; s is the density of the earth and the stone; c1And C2Are all coefficients;
said C is1And C2And determining through a value taking table according to the inhomogeneous coefficient Cu grade of the earth and stone particles and the median diameter D of the earth and stone particles.
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| CN104360389A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-02-18 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Tight sandstone reservoir rock elasticity modulus calculation method |
| CN105203416A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2015-12-30 | 卡特彼勒路面机械公司 | System and method for determining modulus of resilience of work material |
| CN107449828A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-12-08 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of rock-fill concrete structure space compactness inspection method and rock-fill concrete structure space compactness evaluation method |
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| KR101263989B1 (en) * | 2010-02-24 | 2013-05-13 | 에스트건설 주식회사 | Analysis method on load-settlement characteristics of a top-base foundation |
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| CN104360389A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-02-18 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Tight sandstone reservoir rock elasticity modulus calculation method |
| CN107449828A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-12-08 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of rock-fill concrete structure space compactness inspection method and rock-fill concrete structure space compactness evaluation method |
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