CN108664745A - A kind of large welded structures part fatigue load equivalent conversion method - Google Patents
A kind of large welded structures part fatigue load equivalent conversion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108664745A CN108664745A CN201810468092.4A CN201810468092A CN108664745A CN 108664745 A CN108664745 A CN 108664745A CN 201810468092 A CN201810468092 A CN 201810468092A CN 108664745 A CN108664745 A CN 108664745A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/04—Ageing analysis or optimisation against ageing
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of large welded structures part fatigue load equivalent conversion methods, are determined according to large welded structures part operating condition and relevant criterion and need equivalent load information；Calculate the lower large welded structures part stress concentration position of theoretical load effect and its stress state；Multiple load of equivalent conversion will be needed to synthesize a load, primarily determine the size and Orientation of equivalent load；Determine that the load for needing to convert for the size of structural member central point resultant moment, calculates and determines equivalent load active position；Calculate structural member original stress concentration position stress state；Compare the fatigue life for calculating determining identical stress concentration position in Fatigue Limit figure；If the error result of load-transfer mechanism conversion front and back stress concentration position fatigue life meets engine request, it is determined that the equivalent load of the structural member fatigue test.The present invention reduces load number under the premise of ensureing that structural member fatigue life is constant, and short form test scheme saves experimentation cost, shortens the test period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of structural member fatigue load experimental technique, specially a kind of large welded structures part fatigue load
Equivalent conversion method.
Background technology
With the continuous development of mechanical equipment, size is increasing, and structure becomes increasingly complex, and function is more and more complete.
For such size big (size in any one direction is more than 2m), complicated equipment, can not be added by traditional machinery
Prepared by work means, and weld and operate flexible feature with it, becomes the molding first choice of this kind of mechanical structure, therefore large complicated knot
Component is mostly welding structure, such as automobile frame used in everyday, train body.Again since the function of Large Complicated Structural Component is wanted
It asks higher, often bears the effect of multiple and different load simultaneously, by taking train body as an example, in train operation, car body will be held
By vehicle body and the gravity of passenger, tractive force, brake force, lateral backstop power etc., wherein gravity is mainly distributed on car body floor,
Tractive force and brake force are concentrated mainly on coupler seat and sleeper beam centrepin, and lateral backstop power then concentrates on sleeper beam centrepin.
For large welded structures part, weld defect is inevitable, and welding material Local Property is uneven, welding
Heat affected area can cause local be deformed to leave residual stress, these are all that the safety military service of large welded structures part is buried
Therefore hidden danger before the manufacture of large welded structures part is come into operation, necessary, example assess to its service safety
Before dispatching from the factory such as train body, need, according to Europe or Nippon Standard, fatigue behaviour assessment to be carried out to it.
The service safety of large welded structures part is assessed at present, fatigue test is generally carried out using vehicle, in this way
Test period it is long, equipment is complicated, somewhat expensive.And for vehicle, since stress distribution is uneven and different parts material
Performance is different, and the position that vehicle is easiest to failure often only concentrates on certain components of vehicle, for example, for train body and
The position of speech, relative risk is car body sleeper beam.Therefore carrying out safety evaluation to hazardous components not only can be to a certain extent
Achieve the purpose that vehicle security is assessed, and experimentation cost can be substantially reduced, shorten the test period.
Vehicle assessment result is replaced with the safety evaluation of hazardous components, is needed carload conversion to danger reasonably
On dangerous component, therefore, multiple load effects are often born on hazardous components simultaneously, the site of action of these load is possible to meeting
Same position is concentrated on, such as train sleeper beam is converted according to rational mechanics from vehicle there are three types of the load obtained：Transverse load is indulged
To load and air spring load, and transverse load and longitudinal loading act on centrepin different height simultaneously.
In practical large welded structures part fatigue test, load applies often through hydraulic actuator, a position
When applying multiple load simultaneously, multiple hydraulic actuator reasonable installations and coordinated are needed, experiment complexity, examination can be caused in this way
Testing the period greatly prolongs, so if the effect of multiple load while effect can be replaced using a load, then can obviously carry
The efficiency of high such experiment.
Currently, the technical solution of above-mentioned technical problem can be solved, there is not been reported.
Invention content
For bear simultaneously in the prior art the large welded structures parts of multiple load when carrying out fatigue test experiment at
The deficiencies of this height, long test period, the problem to be solved in the present invention be to provide one kind can short form test scheme, save experiment at
Originally, shorten the large welded structures part fatigue load equivalent conversion method of test period.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of large welded structures part fatigue load equivalent conversion method of the present invention, includes the following steps：
1) it according to large welded structures part operating condition and relevant criterion, determines and needs equivalent load information；
2) finite element method is utilized, is calculated under theoretical load effect, large welded structures part stress concentration position and its is answered
Power state；
3) synthetic method of power is utilized, it would be desirable to which multiple load of equivalent conversion synthesize a load, primarily determine
Imitate the size and Orientation of load；
4) torque synthetic method is utilized, determines the size for needing the load that converts for structural member central point resultant moment,
And using the equivalent load primarily determined in step 3), calculate the active position for determining equivalent load；
5) under the effect of preliminary equivalent load, pass through the stress state of FEM calculation structural member original stress concentration position；
6) utilize Fatigue Limit figure, comparison step 2) and step 5) calculate determination identical stress concentration position in fatigue
Fatigue life in equivalent life figure, and judge load-transfer mechanism conversion before and after, the fatigue life error of stress concentration position；
7) judgment step 6) determine whether the error result of load-transfer mechanism conversion front and back stress concentration position fatigue life is full
Sufficient engine request, if satisfied, then determining the equivalent load of the structural member fatigue test.
In step 7), if the error result of load-transfer mechanism conversion front and back stress concentration position fatigue life is unsatisfactory for engineering
It is required that then adjusting the size of equivalent load, the stress state of former stress concentration position on structural member is recalculated, then succeeds step
6) judged.
When adjusting the size of equivalent load, the 20% of the ranging from former equivalent load of load change adjusted for the first time, then again
According to the comparing result of step 6), equivalent load, the wherein tired longevity of stress concentration position are adjusted using binary search algorithm
Life and the negatively correlated relationship of equivalent load size increase the fatigue life that equivalent load will reduce stress concentration position, reduce etc.
Load is imitated by the fatigue life of increasing stress concentrated position.
In step 6), when using the determination of Goodman equivalent lifes figure and comparing stress concentration position fatigue life, carried with theory
Based on the stress state of the lower stress concentration position obtained of lotus effect, and it is depicted in the coordinate system of Goodman equivalent life figures,
It is then connect and extends to ordinate with the coordinate points of expression material strength limit on abscissa, the straight line so obtained is certain
The equivalent life straight line of one stress concentration position；The stress state that equivalent load is acted on to the lower stress concentration position obtained is painted into
In same Goodman equivalent lifes figure, if on fixed equivalent life straight line, then it represents that in the case where two kinds of load act on respectively,
The fatigue life of same stress concentration position is identical；If above fixed equivalent life straight line, then it represents that equivalent load is made
Used time, the fatigue life when fatigue life ratio theory load of the stress concentration position acts on are short；If being located at the fixed equal longevity
It orders below straight line, then it represents that tired when the fatigue life ratio theory load of the stress concentration position acts on when equivalent load acts on
Labor long lifespan.
In step 6), utilize Goodman equivalent life figures, comparison step 2) and step 5) calculate 10 determining stress concentrations
When the fatigue life value of position as, large welded structures part is regarded to the train being made of this 10 stress concentration positions,
Fatigue failure occurs for any one stress concentration position, and large welded structures part fails, in other words, 10 stress concentration positions
In, shortest fatigue life is the fatigue life of large welded structures part；Before and after the conversion of relatively load-transfer mechanism, stress concentration
When the fatigue life error of position, using service life shortest stress concentration position as Primary Reference, other positions auxiliary is sentenced
It is disconnected, it is desirable that under equivalent load effect, the error of fatigue life when life value is acted on theory load is less than for the position
2%.
In step 1), it includes load number, size, direction and active position to need equivalent load information.
The invention has the advantages that and advantage：
1. for the purpose for large welded structures part fatigue load equivalent-simplification, the present invention provides a kind of large-scale welderings
Binding component fatigue load-transfer mechanism method for transformation, be for and meanwhile bear multiple load large welded structures part fatigue test carry
The determination method of lotus, this method reduce load number, simplify under the premise of ensureing that structural member fatigue life is basically unchanged
Testing program saves experimentation cost, shortens the test period.
2. the method for the present invention is before and after ensureing load conversion, premise that large welded structures part fatigue life is basically unchanged
Under, it can simultaneously be acted on instead of multiple load using the synthesis of power, torque synthesis, finite element method and Fatigue Limit figure, acquisition
A Fatigue Testing Loads.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the method for the present invention flow chart；
Fig. 2 is that load when being calculated stress in the method for the present invention using finite element method is illustrated with constraint applying mode；
Fig. 3 is that load-transfer mechanism converts stress concentration position diagram in the method for the present invention；
Fig. 4 is to illustrate the fatigue life of the stress concentration position calculated using the method for the present invention；
Fig. 5 is to be illustrated using the sleeper beam Fatigue Testing Loads scheme that the method for the present invention obtains.
Fig. 6 is to carry out certain city's subway train sleeper beam fatigue test using the method for the present invention to illustrate.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is further elaborated with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.
The method of the present invention is before and after ensureing load-transfer mechanism conversion, premise that large welded structures part fatigue life is basically unchanged
Under, it can simultaneously be acted on instead of multiple load using the synthesis of power, torque synthesis, finite element method and Fatigue Limit figure, acquisition
A Fatigue Testing Loads.Specific equivalent process, which can be sketched, is：Large welded structures part load information is determined first, and
The structural member is analyzed using finite element method, identified sign concentrated position；The synthesis and torque for then utilizing power synthesize,
Primarily determine theoretical equivalent load information；Finite element method and Fatigue Limit figure are finally utilized, is existed to stress concentrated position
Service life under equivalent load effect is assessed, and is repeatedly adjusted according to the service life at stress concentration position, until load-transfer mechanism
Before and after conversion, until large welded structures part fatigue life is basically unchanged, the equivalent load that fatigue test uses can be obtained at this time
Lotus.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of large welded structures part fatigue load equivalent conversion method of the present invention, specifically includes following step
Suddenly：
1) it according to large welded structures part operating condition and relevant criterion, determines and needs equivalent load information, including carry
Lotus number, size, direction, active position；
2) finite element method is utilized, is calculated under theoretical load effect, large welded structures part stress concentration position and its is answered
Power state；
3) synthetic method of power is utilized, it would be desirable to which multiple load of equivalent conversion synthesize a load, primarily determine
Imitate the size and Orientation of load；
4) torque synthetic method is utilized, determines the size for needing the load that converts for structural member central point resultant moment,
And using the equivalent load primarily determined in step 3), calculate the active position for determining equivalent load；
5) under the effect of preliminary equivalent load, pass through the stress state of FEM calculation structural member original stress concentration position；
6) utilize Fatigue Limit figure, comparison step 2) and step 5) calculate determination identical stress concentration position in fatigue
Fatigue life in equivalent life figure, and judge load-transfer mechanism conversion before and after, the fatigue life error of stress concentration position；
7) judgment step 6) determine whether the error result of load-transfer mechanism conversion front and back stress concentration position fatigue life is full
Sufficient engine request, if satisfied, then determining the equivalent load of the structural member fatigue test；
If the error result of load-transfer mechanism conversion front and back stress concentration position fatigue life is unsatisfactory for engine request, adjust
The size of whole equivalent load, recalculates the stress state of former stress concentration position on structural member, then succeeds step 6) and sentenced
It is disconnected.
When adjusting the size of equivalent load, the 20% of the ranging from former equivalent load of load change adjusted for the first time, then again
According to the comparing result of step 6), equivalent load, the wherein tired longevity of stress concentration position are adjusted using binary search algorithm
Life and the negatively correlated relationship of equivalent load size increase the fatigue life that equivalent load will reduce stress concentration position, reduce etc.
Load is imitated by the fatigue life of increasing stress concentrated position.
In step 6), when using the determination of Goodman equivalent lifes figure and comparing stress concentration position fatigue life, carried with theory
Based on the stress state of the lower stress concentration position obtained of lotus effect, and it is depicted in the coordinate system of Goodman equivalent life figures,
It is then connect and extends to ordinate with the coordinate points of expression material strength limit on abscissa, the straight line so obtained is certain
The equivalent life straight line of one stress concentration position.The stress state that equivalent load is acted on to the lower stress concentration position obtained is painted into
In same Goodman equivalent lifes figure, if on fixed equivalent life straight line, then it represents that in the case where two kinds of load act on respectively,
The fatigue life of same stress concentration position is identical；If above fixed equivalent life straight line, then it represents that equivalent load is made
Used time, the fatigue life when fatigue life ratio theory load of the stress concentration position acts on are short；If being located at the fixed equal longevity
It orders below straight line, then it represents that tired when the fatigue life ratio theory load of the stress concentration position acts on when equivalent load acts on
Labor long lifespan.
Comparison step 2) and step 5) when calculating the fatigue life value of 10 determining stress concentration positions, it can will be large-scale
Welding structural element regards the train being made of this 10 stress concentration positions as, any one stress concentration position occurs tired
Labor fails, and large welded structures part fails, and in other words, in 10 stress concentration positions, shortest fatigue life is large size
The fatigue life of welding structural element.Before and after the conversion of relatively load-transfer mechanism, when the fatigue life error of stress concentration position, with the longevity
Shortest stress concentration position is ordered as Primary Reference, other positions auxiliary judgment, it is desirable that make in equivalent load the position
Under, fatigue life when life value is slightly less than or is acted on equal to theory load.
The present embodiment is by taking certain city's subway train sleeper beam fatigue load equivalent conversion as an example.
In step 1), according to the train operation operating mode and relevant criterion, determine that sleeper beam bears 4 fatigue load (Fa、FbPoint
Not Wei longitudinal traction, lateral backstop power, Fc、Fd,For air spring load) effect, and FaAnd FbWording depth be respectively la
And lb；
Step 2) is calculated under theoretical load effect using finite element method, 10 stress concentration positions (10 numbers in Fig. 3
Word is respectively stress concentration location label) stress state refer to step 6)；The load calculated using finite element method and constraint
Applying mode is as shown in Figure 2.
Step 3), using the synthetic method of power, by FaAnd FbSynthesize a load Fh, while determining FhAction direction：
Step 4) determines F using torque synthetic methodhWording depth lh；
Step 5), by finite element primary Calculation in FhUnder effect, the stress shape of 10 stress concentration positions in step 2)
State, load and constraint applying mode at this time are as shown in Figure 5；
Step 6) utilizes Goodman equivalent life figures, comparison step 2) and step 5) calculate 10 determining stress concentration positions
The fatigue life value set, it is specific as shown in Figure 4；
Step 7), by step 6) it is found that in FhWhen effect, the life value of 10 stress concentration positions is essentially identical, and the longevity
The fatigue life ordered when the life value of shortest stress concentration position is acted on than theory load is slightly lower, meets slightly conservative in engineering
It is required that；
Error fully meets engineering requirement, and the sleeper beam Fatigue Testing Loads scheme finally determined is that effect 3 is tired
Labor load, actual tests are as shown in Figure 6.
The present invention devises a kind of big welding structural element Fatigue Testing Loads for being directed to while bearing multiple load really
Determine method, this method reduces load number, simplify experiment side under the premise of ensureing that structural member fatigue life is basically unchanged
Case saves experimentation cost, shortens the test period.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of large welded structures part fatigue load equivalent conversion method, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
1) it according to large welded structures part operating condition and relevant criterion, determines and needs equivalent load information；
2) finite element method is utilized, is calculated under theoretical load effect, large welded structures part stress concentration position and its stress shape
State；
3) synthetic method of power is utilized, it would be desirable to which multiple load of equivalent conversion synthesize a load, primarily determine equivalent load
The size and Orientation of lotus；
4) torque synthetic method is utilized, determines the size for needing the load that converts for structural member central point resultant moment, and profit
With the equivalent load primarily determined in step 3), the active position for determining equivalent load is calculated；
5) under the effect of preliminary equivalent load, pass through the stress state of FEM calculation structural member original stress concentration position；
6) utilize Fatigue Limit figure, comparison step 2) and step 5) calculate determination identical stress concentration position in the longevity such as fatigues
Order figure in fatigue life, and judge load-transfer mechanism conversion before and after, the fatigue life error of stress concentration position；
7) judgment step 6) determine whether the error result of load-transfer mechanism conversion front and back stress concentration position fatigue life meets work
Range request, if satisfied, then determining the equivalent load of the structural member fatigue test.
2. large welded structures part fatigue load equivalent conversion method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 7)
In, if the error result of load-transfer mechanism conversion front and back stress concentration position fatigue life is unsatisfactory for engine request, adjustment etc.
The size for imitating load, recalculates the stress state of former stress concentration position on structural member, then succeeds step 6) and judged.
3. large welded structures part fatigue load equivalent conversion method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Adjustment etc.
When imitating the size of load, the 20% of the ranging from former equivalent load of load change adjusted for the first time, then further according to pair of step 6)
Than as a result, adjusting equivalent load using binary search algorithm, the wherein fatigue life of stress concentration position and equivalent load is big
Small negatively correlated relationship increases the fatigue life that equivalent load will reduce stress concentration position, reduces equivalent load and answers increase
The fatigue life of power concentrated position.
4. large welded structures part fatigue load equivalent conversion method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 6)
In, when using the determination of Goodman equivalent lifes figure and comparing stress concentration position fatigue life, lower acquisition is acted on theory load
Based on the stress state of stress concentration position, and be depicted in the coordinate system of Goodman equivalent life figures, then on abscissa
Indicate that the coordinate points of material strength limit connect and extend to ordinate, the straight line so obtained is a certain stress concentration position
Equivalent life straight line；The stress state that equivalent load is acted on to the lower stress concentration position obtained is painted into same Goodman etc.
In life diagram, if on fixed equivalent life straight line, then it represents that in the case where two kinds of load act on respectively, same stress concentration position
The fatigue life set is identical；If above fixed equivalent life straight line, then it represents that when equivalent load acts on, the stress concentration
Fatigue life when the fatigue life ratio theory load effect of position is short；If below fixed equivalent life straight line, table
When showing equivalent load effect, the fatigue life when fatigue life ratio theory load of the stress concentration position acts on is long.
5. large welded structures part fatigue load equivalent conversion method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 6)
In, utilize Goodman equivalent life figures, comparison step 2) and step 5) calculate the fatigue life of 10 determining stress concentration positions
When value as, large welded structures part is regarded to the train being made of this 10 stress concentration positions, any one stress collection
Fatigue failure occurs for middle position, and large welded structures part fails, in other words, in 10 stress concentration positions, shortest fatigue
Service life is the fatigue life of large welded structures part；Before and after the conversion of relatively load-transfer mechanism, the tired longevity of stress concentration position
When ordering error, using service life shortest stress concentration position as Primary Reference, other positions auxiliary judgment, it is desirable that the position
Under equivalent load effect, the error of fatigue life when life value is acted on theory load is less than 2%.
6. large welded structures part fatigue load equivalent conversion method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1)
In, it includes load number, size, direction and active position to need equivalent load information.
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