CN108663311B - Online ultrasonic detection device and method based on thermal-oxidative aging degree of waste plastic - Google Patents
Online ultrasonic detection device and method based on thermal-oxidative aging degree of waste plastic Download PDFInfo
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- CN108663311B CN108663311B CN201810971405.8A CN201810971405A CN108663311B CN 108663311 B CN108663311 B CN 108663311B CN 201810971405 A CN201810971405 A CN 201810971405A CN 108663311 B CN108663311 B CN 108663311B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
Abstract
The invention provides an online ultrasonic detection device and method based on the thermo-oxidative aging degree of waste plastics, the device comprises a solution extrusion mechanism, a solution measurement mechanism and an ultrasonic detection system, a solution flow channel is designed to be in an aperture adjustable mode, and a cooling module and an aperture adjusting device are combined to realize high-precision detection and wider detection range, when in detection, a corresponding function relation between the amplitude and frequency of a series of thermo-oxidative aging damage accumulated nonlinear effects with different known aging degrees is established, then the aging degree of the waste plastics in the solution flow channel under corresponding temperature and pressure conditions is calculated through inversion, according to the change of the ultrasonic frequency amplitude of a polymer solution directly measured, the aging degree of the waste plastics under the temperature and pressure can be obtained, the real nondestructive online detection is realized, the data measurement is simple and convenient, and the precision and the efficiency of the online detection are effectively improved, has wide practical application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of polymer thermo-oxidative aging on-line detection, and particularly relates to an on-line ultrasonic detection device and method based on the thermo-oxidative aging degree of waste plastics.
Background
Since the advent of plastics, it has rapidly gained large-scale use due to its portability and durability not possessed by other materials, bringing great convenience. However, since plastics are hardly degraded in a short time in a natural environment, waste plastic products bring a great burden to the environment, and white pollution is caused. The two main solutions at present are recycling of waste plastics (polyethylene, polypropylene and other common plastics) and research on degradable plastics, but the research on degradable plastics has proved to be infeasible to some extent, because the degradable plastics cannot have the service performance of plastics, and once the degradable plastics has the service performance same as that of common plastics, the degradable plastics cannot be degraded.
Therefore, the recycling of waste plastics is a central importance at present. The plastic product can age and break with the passage of time, the aging degree of the plastic can be rapidly evaluated, and the method is helpful for effectively guiding the recovery of the waste plastic. The existing thermal oxidation aging evaluation means are off-line test means (such as infrared, DSC and the like), but the methods are time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the results have certain deviation, so that the method is separated from actual processing and cannot provide practical and effective guidance for actual production application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the traditional measurement method can only carry out off-line detection (such as infrared and DSC) and causes the problems of complicated measurement data, low precision and efficiency and the like, and provides an on-line ultrasonic detection device and method based on the thermal-oxidative aging degree of waste plastics, which can regulate and control the processing technology in the production and processing process at any time according to the on-line detected aging degree of the waste plastics and improve the yield of products.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: an online ultrasonic detection device based on the thermo-oxidative aging degree of waste plastics comprises a melt extrusion mechanism, a melt measurement mechanism and an ultrasonic detection system;
the melt measuring mechanism comprises a left semi-cylinder and a right semi-cylinder which are nested and sealed and connected to form a cylindrical melt flow passage through which the polymer melt flows, and the melt extrusion mechanism is connected with the melt measuring mechanism and used for extruding the polymer melt into the melt flow passage; a first sliding groove is formed in one side of the left semi-cylinder, a first sliding rail is formed in the other side of the left semi-cylinder, a second sliding rail and a second sliding groove which correspond to the first sliding groove and the first sliding rail are respectively formed in two sides of the right semi-cylinder, sealing strips are arranged on the inner side wall of the first sliding groove and the inner side wall of the second sliding groove to guarantee sealing performance during variable-diameter adjustment, and the first sliding rail and the second sliding rail are realized in a mode that notches are formed in the outer wall of a solution flow channel; the solution measuring mechanism is also provided with an aperture adjusting device, the aperture adjusting device is fixedly connected with the left half cylinder or the right half cylinder through threads, the first sliding rail and the second sliding rail respectively move along the second sliding groove and the first sliding groove relatively by screwing the aperture adjusting device, so that the aperture of a solution runner is changed, different polymer systems can be compared to select a proper runner aperture, and a graduated scale is arranged on the aperture adjusting device for facilitating adjustment;
the two sides of the solution flow channel are oppositely provided with a buffer rod and a temperature and pressure detection module, the outer side of the buffer rod is sleeved with a cooling module, cooling liquid is arranged in the cooling module to cool the buffer rod and ensure the detection precision, the buffer rod comprises an inner carbon core and a metal sleeve coated on the outer side of the inner carbon core, the inner carbon core ensures that the conduction of ultrasonic signals is more stable, the metal sleeve adopts a spiral structure design to protect an ultrasonic probe and increase the contact area with buffer solution and improve the cooling effect, the temperature and pressure detection module is used for detecting the temperature and the pressure in the flow channel and ensuring the normal operation of detection, the buffer rod is vertically arranged with the solution flow channel and is on the same straight line with the temperature and pressure detection module, accurate data can be obtained to the maximum extent, the ultrasonic probe connected with an ultrasonic detection system is arranged at the outer side end part of the buffer rod, the ultrasonic detection system transmits ultrasonic waves with certain frequency, the ultrasonic waves directly detect the polymer solution in the solution flow channel through the ultrasonic probe and the buffer rod, and the measurement of the thermo-oxidative aging degree of the waste plastics under corresponding temperature and pressure is realized according to the change of the ultrasonic frequency amplitude value of the measured polymer solution.
Furthermore, in order to save space and facilitate the arrangement of more detection modules on the solution measuring mechanism, the aperture adjusting device is arranged outside the cooling module.
Furthermore, the adjustment range of the aperture of the solution runner is 2mm-6mm, and different polymer systems can be compared to select a proper runner aperture.
Furthermore, the melt extrusion mechanism adopts a double-screw extrusion pushing device.
Furthermore, the ultrasonic detection system adopts an MUD series multi-channel ultrasonic detection system, and can realize the receiving and transmitting of signals of the 4-channel ultrasonic probe.
The invention also provides an online ultrasonic detection method for the thermo-oxidative aging degree of the waste plastics, which comprises the following steps:
step A, setting a sweep frequency range of an ultrasonic detection system: based on the ultrasonic probeSetting the frequency sweep start frequency flIs 1MHz, the termination frequency f2At 30MHz, the frequency increase step Δ f is 0.01 MHz;
step B, collecting different frequency points fr＝flThe fundamental wave amplitude Al and the second harmonic amplitude A2 corresponding to + n.Deltaf, where n is
A positive integer in between;
step C, according to a calculation formula of the nonlinear coefficient beta
Finding each corresponding frequency point frThermal oxidative aging damage nonlinear coefficient of waste plastics, and then adopting improved stress wave factor
Calculated at frequency flAnd f2The thermal oxidation aging damage of the waste plastics accumulates the nonlinear effect;
and D, measuring the waste plastics with known service time in the month unit, measuring the thermal oxidation aging damage of the waste plastics through the steps A-C, comparing the change of ultrasonic amplitude values caused by the nonlinear effects of different thermal oxidation aging times, establishing a database of the change, and measuring and judging the thermal oxidation aging degree of the waste plastics with unknown aging time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
according to the waste plastic thermo-oxidative aging degree online ultrasonic detection device provided by the invention, the melt flow channel is designed in a pore diameter adjustable mode, the thickness of a melt passing through the flow channel can be changed, the same fluid with different thicknesses can be detected, the measured data is greatly enriched, the data of different melts under multiple groups of thicknesses can be measured, so that more results can be obtained in an experiment, the accuracy of the test is improved, the contact area of a cooling system is increased by improving the shape of a buffer, the cooling efficiency is improved, the high-precision detection is realized by combining the cooling module and the pore diameter adjusting device, the accumulation process of thermo-oxidative aging damage can be detected by applying an online ultrasonic detection method, the nondestructive online detection in a real sense is realized, the data measurement is simple and convenient, the precision and the efficiency of the online detection are effectively improved, and the online detection device has wide practical application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a solution measuring mechanism according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the melt measuring mechanism according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Embodiment 1, an online ultrasonic testing device based on the thermo-oxidative aging degree of waste plastics comprises a melt extrusion mechanism, a melt measurement mechanism and an ultrasonic testing system; as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the melt measuring mechanism includes a left half cylinder 1 and a right half cylinder 2 (the left and right positional relationship shown in this embodiment is based on the direction shown in fig. 1), the left half cylinder 1 and the right half cylinder 2 are nested and sealed and connected to form a cylindrical melt flow channel 3 for the polymer melt to flow through, and the melt extruding mechanism is connected to the melt measuring mechanism and is used for extruding the polymer melt into the melt flow channel 3; one side of a left side semicircle tube 1 is provided with first spout 11, and the opposite side is provided with first slide rail 12, the both sides of right side semicircle tube 2 are provided with second slide rail 21 and the second spout 22 that correspond with first spout 11 and first slide rail 12 respectively, all are provided with sealing strip 8 on the inside wall of first spout 11 and on the inside wall of second spout 22 to leakproofness when guaranteeing the reducing regulation, first slide rail and second slide rail adopt the mode of seting up breach 13 on the melt runner outer wall to realize, with the leakproofness in further improvement regulating effect and the accommodation process. The solution measuring mechanism is further provided with an aperture adjusting device 14, the aperture adjusting device 14 is fixedly connected with the left half cylinder 1 (or the right half cylinder) through threads, the first slide rail 12 and the second slide rail 21 respectively move along the second slide groove 22 and the first slide groove 11 through screwing the aperture adjusting device 14, the aperture of a solution flow channel is further changed, different polymer systems can be compared to select a proper flow channel aperture, and a graduated scale 141 is arranged on the aperture adjusting device for facilitating adjustment.
A buffer rod 4 and a temperature and pressure detection module 5 are oppositely arranged on two sides of the melt flow channel, a cooling module 6 is sleeved on the outer side of the buffer rod 4, cooling liquid is arranged in the cooling module 6 to cool the buffer rod 4 and ensure detection precision, the buffer rod 4 comprises an inner carbon core 41 and a metal sleeve 42 coated on the outer side of the inner carbon core, the inner carbon core 41 ensures more stable ultrasonic signal conduction, the metal sleeve 42 adopts a spiral structure design to protect an ultrasonic probe and increase the contact area with a buffer solution and improve the cooling effect, the temperature and pressure detection module 5 is used for detecting the temperature and pressure in the flow channel and ensuring normal detection, the buffer rod 4 is vertically arranged with the melt flow channel and is on the same straight line with the temperature and pressure detection module, accurate data can be obtained to the maximum extent, an ultrasonic probe 7 connected with an ultrasonic detection system is arranged at the outer side end of the buffer rod 4, the ultrasonic detection system transmits ultrasonic waves with certain frequency, the ultrasonic waves directly detect the polymer solution in the solution flow channel through the ultrasonic probe and the buffer rod, and the measurement of the thermo-oxidative aging degree of the waste plastics under corresponding temperature and pressure is realized according to the change of the ultrasonic frequency amplitude value of the measured polymer solution.
In order to save space, be convenient for set up more detection module on solution measurement mechanism, aperture adjusting device sets up the outside at cooling module, the control range in solution runner aperture is 2mm-6mm, can compare different polymer systems and select suitable runner aperture, melt runner aperture is adjustable, can change the thickness of the fuse-element through the runner, when the ultrasonic wave passes the same kind of fluid of different thickness, the amplitude change that produces is also different, measuring data can be greatly enriched like this, can measure the data of different fuse-elements under the multiunit thickness, make the experiment can acquire more results, improve the accuracy of test. In addition, the melt extrusion mechanism in this embodiment adopts a twin-screw extrusion pushing device, and the ultrasonic detection system adopts an MUD series multi-channel ultrasonic detection system, so that signals of a 4-channel ultrasonic probe can be received and transmitted.
step A, setting a sweep frequency range of an ultrasonic detection system: setting the sweep frequency starting frequency f according to the frequency band range of the ultrasonic probelIs 1MHz, the termination frequency f2At 30MHz, the frequency increase step Δ f is 0.01 MHz;
step B, collecting different frequency points fr＝flThe fundamental wave amplitude Al and the second harmonic amplitude A2 corresponding to + n.Deltaf, where n is
A positive integer in between;
step C, according to a calculation formula of the nonlinear coefficient beta
Finding each corresponding frequency point frThermal oxidative aging damage nonlinear coefficient of waste plastics, and then adopting improved stress wave factor
Calculated at frequency flAnd f2The thermal oxidation aging damage of the waste plastics accumulates the nonlinear effect;
and step D, measuring the waste plastics with known service time (such as refrigerator shells with different service lives) by taking months as time units, measuring the thermal oxidation aging damage of the waste plastics through the steps A to C, comparing the change of ultrasonic amplitude values caused by the nonlinear effects of different thermal oxidation aging times, establishing a database of the change, and then measuring and judging the thermal oxidation aging degree of the waste plastics with unknown aging time.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The online ultrasonic detection device based on the thermo-oxidative aging degree of the waste plastics is characterized by comprising a melt measuring mechanism, a melt extruding mechanism and an ultrasonic detection system;
the melt measuring mechanism comprises a left semi-cylinder (1) and a right semi-cylinder (2), the left semi-cylinder (1) and the right semi-cylinder (2) are nested and sealed and connected, and a cylindrical melt flow passage (3) for waste plastic melt to flow through is formed; the melt extrusion mechanism is connected with the melt measuring mechanism and is used for extruding the waste plastic melt into the melt flow channel (3); a first sliding groove (11) is arranged on one side of the left semi-cylinder (1), a first sliding rail (12) is arranged on the other side of the left semi-cylinder, a second sliding rail (21) and a second sliding groove (22) which correspond to the first sliding groove (11) and the first sliding rail (12) are respectively arranged on two sides of the right semi-cylinder (2), sealing strips (8) are respectively arranged on the inner side wall of the first sliding groove (11) and the inner side wall of the second sliding groove (22), the first sliding rail and the second sliding rail are realized by arranging a notch (13) on the outer wall of a melt flow channel, an aperture adjusting device (14) is further arranged on the melt measuring mechanism, the aperture adjusting device (14) is fixedly connected with the left semi-cylinder (1) or the right semi-cylinder (2) in a threaded manner, and the first sliding rail (12) and the second sliding rail (21) respectively move along the second sliding groove (22) and the first sliding groove (11) relatively by screwing the aperture adjusting device (, further changing the aperture of the solution flow channel, and a graduated scale is arranged on the aperture adjusting device (14);
the both sides of solution runner (3) are provided with a buffer beam (4) and a temperature pressure detection module (5) relatively, the outside cover of buffer beam (4) is equipped with cooling module (6), be equipped with the coolant liquid in cooling module (6), buffer beam (4) are including inside carbon core (41) and cladding metal sleeve (42) in the inside carbon core outside, metal sleeve (42) adopt the design of helical structure, temperature pressure detection module (5) are used for detecting temperature and pressure in the runner, buffer beam (4) set up with solution runner (3) are perpendicular, and with temperature pressure detection module (5) on same straight line, be provided with ultrasonic probe (7) that link to each other with ultrasonic detection system at the outside end of buffer beam (4).
2. The on-line ultrasonic testing device based on the thermo-oxidative aging degree of the waste plastics of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the aperture adjusting device (14) is sleeved on the outer side of the cooling module (6).
3. The on-line ultrasonic testing device based on the thermo-oxidative aging degree of the waste plastics of claim 2, which is characterized in that: the aperture of the solution flow channel is adjusted within the range of 2mm-6 mm.
4. The on-line ultrasonic testing device based on the thermo-oxidative aging degree of the waste plastics of claim 3, which is characterized in that: the melt extrusion mechanism adopts a double-screw extrusion pushing device.
5. The on-line ultrasonic testing device based on the thermo-oxidative aging degree of the waste plastics of claim 4, which is characterized in that: the ultrasonic detection system adopts an MUD series multi-channel ultrasonic detection system.
6. The method for the online ultrasonic detection device of the thermo-oxidative aging degree of the waste plastics based on any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, setting a sweep frequency range of an ultrasonic detection system: setting the sweep frequency starting frequency f according to the frequency band range of the ultrasonic probelIs 1MHz, the termination frequency f2At 30MHz, the frequency increase step Δ f is 0.01 MHz;
step B, collecting different frequency points fr＝flThe fundamental wave amplitude Al and the second harmonic amplitude A2 corresponding to + n.Deltaf, where n is
A positive integer in between;
step C, according to a calculation formula of the nonlinear coefficient beta
Finding each corresponding frequency point frThermal oxidative aging damage nonlinear coefficient of waste plastics, and then adopting improved stress wave factor
Calculated at frequency flAnd f2The thermal oxidation aging damage of the waste plastics accumulates the nonlinear effect;
and D, measuring the thermal oxidation aging damage of the waste plastics with known service time in the month unit through the steps A to C, comparing the change of the ultrasonic amplitude value caused by the nonlinear effect of different thermal oxidation aging times, and establishing a database for measuring and judging the thermal oxidation aging degree of the waste plastics with unknown aging time.
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| CA2187957C (en) * | 1996-10-16 | 2003-06-03 | Cheng-Kuei Jen | Ultrasonic sensors for on-line monitoring of castings and molding processes at elevated temperatures |
| US7080556B2 (en) * | 2002-06-14 | 2006-07-25 | National Research Council Of Canada | Ultrasonic apparatus and methods for the monitoring of melting, mixing and chemical reaction processes |
| CN1959330A (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2007-05-09 | 东莞高宝铝材制品厂有限公司 | Condenser and radiator-grid of environmental protective, energy saving air condition and refrigeration system prepared from high tech composite materials |
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| CN103954685B (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2017-02-15 | 华南理工大学 | Device and method for ultrasonically measuring flow orientation of polymer melt on line |
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| CN104764805A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-07-08 | 北京工业大学 | Nonlinear ultrasonic detection method for evaluating thermo-oxidative ageing of organic material |
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| CN106523726B (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2018-08-21 | 江苏大学 | A kind of two-phase fluid big flow precise control device |
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