CN108661630B - Geological dessert quantitative evaluation method based on parameter optimization - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quantitative evaluation method of geological desserts based on parameter optimization, which comprises the following steps: determining a primary geological sweet spot parameter using a correlation between the geological sweet spot parameter and the gas production; determining a weight for each of the primary geological sweet spot parameters; calculating a geological sweet spot coefficient of the shale formation expressed by weight based on the weight of the main geological sweet spot parameter; and quantitatively evaluating the geological sweet spot of the shale stratum according to the geological sweet spot coefficient. The method of the invention optimizes the main geological sweet-spot parameters, and determines the weight of the main geological sweet-spot parameters of the shale stratum by an independence weight coefficient method; according to the geological dessert evaluation result obtained by the method, engineering development decision can be effectively assisted, so that the shale gas development efficiency is greatly improved, and the development cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geological exploration, in particular to a quantitative evaluation method for geological desserts based on parameter optimization.
Background
In the field of geological exploration, the 'sweet spot' in the shale stratum is that the shale stratum has better reservoir geological quality and characteristics of fracturing engineering transformation. The 'sweet spot' of the shale stratum is very important for the development of the shale stratum, and the 'sweet spot' is found to be beneficial to reducing the exploration and development cost of the shale and improving the productivity of the gas-containing shale stratum.
In the prior art, there are a number of methods of sweet spot evaluation analysis for shale formations. It is common practice to describe "sweet spots" using geostatistical methods: shale formation brittle mineral content, porosity, thermal maturity, organic matter content, net thickness, burial depth, gas content, and water saturation, but these parameters do not distinguish between geological and engineered sweet-spot parameters, and the weight of each parameter. This results in that the desserts of the shale formation analyzed by the existing methods cannot reflect the actual situation well, and in particular, cannot be divided in detail in the geological and engineering directions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a quantitative evaluation method of geological desserts based on parameter optimization, which comprises the following steps:
determining a primary geological sweet spot parameter using a correlation between the geological sweet spot parameter and the gas production;
determining a weight for each of the primary geological sweet spot parameters;
calculating a geological sweet spot coefficient of the shale formation expressed by weight based on the weight of the main geological sweet spot parameter;
and quantitatively evaluating the geological sweet spot of the shale stratum according to the geological sweet spot coefficient.
In an embodiment, the main geological sweet spot parameters are determined using correlations between geological sweet spot parameters and gas production, including:
collecting well-interpreted geological sweet-spot parameters;
obtaining gas production, wherein the gas production is the unimpeded flow of test gas production of the shale stratum;
calculating a correlation coefficient between each of the geological sweet spot parameters and the unobstructed flow;
the primary geological sweet spot parameter is preferred from the geological sweet spot parameters according to the magnitude of the correlation coefficient.
In an embodiment, a correlation coefficient between each of the geological sweet-spot parameters and the non-resistance flow is calculated, wherein the correlation coefficient between each of the geological sweet-spot parameters and the non-resistance flow is calculated by using a correlation coefficient method.
In an embodiment, a weight is obtained for each of the principal geological sweet spot parameters, wherein the weights are obtained based on an independence weighting factor calculation.
In one embodiment, the calculating and obtaining the weight based on the independence weight coefficient method includes:
calculating a correlation coefficient between each of the primary geological sweet spot parameters and the unobstructed flow;
calculating a complex correlation coefficient between each of the prime geological sweet spot parameters and other prime geological sweet spot parameters;
calculating a synthesis coefficient for the principal geological sweet spot parameter, wherein: the comprehensive coefficient is the correlation coefficient/multiple correlation coefficient;
and calculating the weight according to the comprehensive coefficient.
In one embodiment, the weight is calculated according to the synthesis coefficient, wherein the synthesis coefficient is normalized to calculate the weight.
In an embodiment, the normalization processing on the synthesis coefficients is as follows:
wherein, WiIs a weight coefficient, RiAs a correlation coefficient, CRiFor complex correlation coefficients, i and n are positive integers, with n representing the number of major geological sweet-spot parameters.
In one embodiment, calculating a weighted geologic sweet spot coefficient for a shale formation based on the weights of the principal geologic sweet spot parameters comprises:
the principal geological sweet spot parameters are normalized,
wherein, XiIs a primary geological dessert parameter, X'iAs a result of normalization of the main geological sweet spot parameters, Xmax、XminThe maximum value and the minimum value of the numerical value interval of the main geological dessert parameter are respectively;
the geological sweet-spot coefficient is calculated,
wherein, XGIs the geological sweet spot coefficient.
In one embodiment, the geological sweet spot of the shale formation is quantitatively evaluated according to the geological sweet spot coefficient, wherein the higher the value of the geological sweet spot coefficient is, the better the geological sweet spot is.
In one embodiment:
the geological dessert parameters comprise the argillaceous content, the siliceous content, the calcareous content, the organic matter content, the kerogen content, the porosity, the gas saturation, the pore pressure and the actual gas yield after fracturing;
the major geological dessert parameters include organic carbon content, kerogen content, porosity, gas saturation and pore pressure.
In conclusion, the method of the invention optimizes the main geological sweet-spot parameters, and determines the weight of the main geological sweet-spot parameters of the shale stratum by using an independence weight coefficient method; according to the geological dessert evaluation result obtained by the method, engineering development decision can be effectively assisted, so that the shale gas development efficiency is greatly improved, and the development cost is reduced.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows. Also, some of the features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and some of the advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the process particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a plot of single geological dessert parameters versus gas production according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plot of geological sweet spot coefficient calculations versus gas production according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description will be provided for the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so that the practitioner of the present invention can fully understand how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems, achieve the technical effects, and implement the present invention according to the implementation procedures. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
In the field of geological exploration, the 'sweet spot' in the shale stratum is that the shale stratum has better reservoir geological quality and characteristics of fracturing engineering transformation. The 'sweet spot' of the shale stratum is very important for the development of the shale stratum, and the 'sweet spot' is found to be beneficial to reducing the exploration and development cost of the shale and improving the productivity of the gas-containing shale stratum.
In the prior art, there are a number of methods of sweet spot evaluation analysis for shale formations. It is common practice to describe "sweet spots" using geostatistical methods: shale formation brittle mineral content, porosity, thermal maturity, organic matter content, net thickness, burial depth, gas content, and water saturation, but these parameters do not distinguish between geological and engineered sweet-spot parameters, and the weight of each parameter. This results in the evaluation of the sweet spots of the analyzed shale formation according to the existing methods not being a good reflection of the actual situation.
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a quantitative evaluation method of geological desserts aiming at a shale stratum.
The geological dessert parameters include parameters such as argillaceous content, siliceous content, calcareous content, organic content, kerogen content, thermal maturity, porosity, water saturation, pore pressure, and total gas content.
In practical applications, the influence degrees of the parameters on the conditions of the geological dessert are different, and if the same standard is adopted, all the parameters are evaluated in one glance and the evaluation result is used for evaluating and analyzing the geological dessert, the analysis result meeting the actual condition cannot be obtained.
Therefore, in an embodiment of the present invention, several main geologic sweet spot parameters having the most significant influence on the geologic sweet spot condition are first selected from the numerous geologic sweet spot parameters; then, further weighting according to the influence of different main geological sweet spot parameters on the geological sweet spot condition (specifically, for shale formation geological sweet spot parameters, parameters with large influence should be given large weight, and parameters with small influence should be given small weight); and finally, evaluating the geological dessert according to the main geological dessert parameters and introducing the weight factors into the analysis evaluation. Thus, an evaluation result that can reflect the actual situation can be acquired.
In practical application, the geological dessert can reflect the gas production value under the same fracturing scale, and the shale stratum has higher gas production rate as the geological dessert is better; conversely, the worse the geological sweet spot, the lower the shale formation gas production. Moreover, the influence of each geological sweet spot parameter on the gas content of the shale stratum is different.
Thus, in one embodiment, gas production is employed as a benchmark for preferred primary geologic sweet spot parameters and additional response weights. I.e. the contribution of these parameters to the gas content is effectively determined by the relationship between these parameters and between the gas production, the main sweet spot parameter is preferred and weighted. Compared with the prior art, the method disclosed by the invention is more beneficial to accurately evaluating the geological dessert of the shale stratum.
Further, in one embodiment, the geological dessert parameters include argillaceous content, siliceous content, calcareous content, organic content, kerogen content, porosity, gas saturation, pore pressure, and actual gas production after fracturing; the main geological dessert parameters include organic carbon content, kerogen volume, gas porosity, water saturation and pore pressure.
The detailed flow of a method according to an embodiment of the invention is described in detail below based on the accompanying drawings, the steps shown in the flow chart of which can be executed in a computer system containing instructions such as a set of computer executable instructions. Although a logical order of steps is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than presented herein.
As shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment, the main geologic sweet spot parameters are first determined using correlations between geologic sweet spot parameters and gas production (step S110); then determining a weight for each of the principal geological sweet spot parameters (step S120); next, calculating a geological sweet spot coefficient of the shale stratum represented by the weight based on the weight of the main geological sweet spot parameter (step S130); and finally, quantitatively evaluating the geological sweet spot of the shale stratum according to the geological sweet spot coefficient (step S140).
Specifically, in one embodiment, in step S110, the well-logging interpreted geologic sweet-spot parameters are first collected; then (or simultaneously) acquiring the gas production; then calculating a correlation coefficient between each geological sweet spot parameter and the unimpeded flow; and finally, selecting the main geological sweet spot parameter from the geological sweet spot parameters according to the magnitude of the correlation coefficient.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the gas production rate is an unobstructed flow rate of test gas production from the shale formation. In other embodiments of the present invention, other types of gas production parameters may be used in step S110.
Further, in one embodiment, a correlation coefficient method is used to calculate a correlation coefficient between each geological sweet spot parameter and the unobstructed flow (gas production). Specifically, the correlation coefficient method determines the importance and the role of each index according to the degree of collinearity between each index and the output index. Is provided with an index item X (X)1，X2，…,Xn) If the index X isiThe larger the correlation coefficient with the output index Y is, the more X is indicatediThe stronger the collinearity with the output index Y, the more the output index should be affected by the index. The correlation coefficient is:
wherein COV (X, Y) is X, Y covariance, D (X) is X variance, and D (Y) is Y variance.
After the correlation coefficient between each geological sweet-spot parameter and the unobstructed flow (gas production) is calculated, each correlation coefficient is sequenced, and the main geological sweet-spot parameters are selected preferably according to the sequence from large to small.
Further, in one embodiment, the relationship between these parameters and actual post-fracture production is analyzed using well log interpretation and preferred geologic sweet spot parameters. By studying the single-factor regression relationship between the geological dessert parameters and the gas production rate, as shown in fig. 2 (the abscissa is the gas production rate, and the ordinate is the organic matter content, the porosity, the kerogen content, the gas saturation and the pore pressure from top to bottom), the geological dessert parameters and the gas production rate in the graph show an exponential relationship, that is, the larger the geological dessert parameter is, the larger the gas production rate is generally, but the accuracy between a single parameter and the gas production rate is poor. As seen in FIG. 2, the correlation between the organic matter parameter exponential regression gas production (correlation coefficient squared R of the exponential regression equation)2) Maximum, up to 0.5655, followed by kerogen and porosity, correlation R20.4183 and 0.373, the minimum being the gas saturation and pore pressure, their correlation R20.1361 and 0.1787, respectively, illustrate that the gas content of the formation and the geological sweet spot are not well characterized by a single parameter. This demonstrates that the optimization of a number of key geological sweet spot parameters according to the method of the invention better reflects the actual condition of the geological sweet spot than the prior art. And compared with the single-factor characterization shale stratum geological dessert, the geological dessert calculated by the weight coefficient method according to the method provided by the invention is greatly improved in precision.
Further, in an embodiment, in step S120, the weight of each parameter is obtained based on the independence weight coefficient method. The independence weight coefficient method determines the index weight according to the collinearity strength between each index and other indexes. Is provided with an index item X (X)1,X2,…,Xm) If the index X iskThe larger the complex correlation coefficient with other indexes is, the more X is shownkThe stronger the collinearity with other indexes, the easier it is to represent by the linear combination of other indexes, and repeatThe more information, the less weight the index should be.
If index XkThe larger the complex correlation coefficient CR with other indices, the smaller the weight of the index. Wherein the complex correlation coefficient is:
wherein X is an index value;
is the average thereof;
is expected to be X.
Thus, in one embodiment, the correlation coefficient between each of the principal geological dessert parameters and the gas production is first calculated; and calculating a complex correlation coefficient between each of the principal geological sweet spot parameters and the other principal geological sweet spot parameters; and then calculating the comprehensive coefficient of the main geological dessert parameters by combining a complex correlation coefficient method, wherein: the sum of coefficients being the correlation coefficient/complex correlation coefficient, i.e. the sum of coefficients being Ri/CRi(ii) a And finally, calculating the weight according to the comprehensive coefficient.
After the comprehensive coefficients of the main geological sweet-spot parameters are obtained, the relative importance coefficient, namely the weight, of each main geological sweet-spot parameter is calculated. Further, in one embodiment, the synthesis coefficients are normalized to calculate the acquisition weight.
Specifically, in an embodiment, the normalization processing on the synthesis coefficients is as follows:
wherein, WiIs a weight coefficient, RiAs a correlation coefficient, CRiFor complex correlation coefficients, i and n are positive integers, with n representing the number of major geological sweet-spot parameters.
Further, in an embodiment, the geological sweet-spot coefficient of the shale formation expressed by the weight is calculated based on the weight of the main geological sweet-spot parameter calculated by the calculation process. Considering that the numerical intervals of the geological sweet spot parameters are not consistent, the geological sweet spot parameters need to be normalized before the geological sweet spot coefficients are calculated for the sake of uniformity and convenience in research.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the process of calculating the weighted geologic sweet spot coefficient of the shale formation based on the weights of the principal geologic sweet spot parameters comprises:
the main geological sweet spot parameters are normalized,
wherein, XiIs a primary geological dessert parameter, X'iAs a result of normalization of the main geological sweet spot parameters, Xmax、XminThe maximum value and the minimum value of the numerical value interval of the main geological dessert parameter are respectively;
the geological sweet-spot coefficient is calculated,
wherein, XGIs the geological sweet spot coefficient.
In summary, in one specific application example, the process of evaluating a geological dessert is as follows:
(a) collecting well-interpreted geological sweet-spot parameters;
(b) collecting the unimpeded flow of test gas production of the shale formation;
(c) calculating a correlation coefficient, R, between the geological sweet spot parameter and the unobstructed flow from the data collected in (a) and (b)i；
(d) Preference for the main geological sweet spot parameter, X, depending on the magnitude of the correlation coefficienti；
(e) Calculating a magnitude of a complex correlation coefficient, CR, of each of the principal geologic sweet spot parameters with the other parametersi；
(f) Calculating the reciprocal 1/CR of the complex correlation coefficienti；
(g) Calculating the reciprocal product R of the correlation coefficient in (c) and the complex correlation coefficient calculated in (f)i/CRi；
(h) Normalizing the value calculated in the step (g) according to a formula (3) to obtain the weight W of each parameteri；
(i) For the principal geological sweet spot parameter X according to equation (4)iIs normalized to the main geological sweet spot parameter XiNormalized result of (2) X'i；
(j) Calculating gas-containing shale formation X according to formula (5)G；
(k) Judging whether the geological dessert of the gas-bearing shale stratum is good or bad XGThe larger the value, the better the geological dessert.
Further, to facilitate understanding of the evaluation result, in one embodiment, the final evaluation result is simply divided into two categories, wherein X isGGreater than 0.5 indicates a good geological dessert, and less than 0.5 indicates a bad geological dessert.
In conclusion, the method of the invention optimizes the main geological sweet-spot parameters, and determines the weight of the main geological sweet-spot parameters of the shale stratum by using an independence weight coefficient method; according to the geological dessert evaluation result obtained by the method, engineering development decision can be effectively assisted, so that the shale gas development efficiency is greatly improved, and the development cost is reduced.
The following describes the implementation of the method of the present invention with a specific application example. In an application scene, according to shale stratum logging interpretation results, selecting parameters such as shale content Vs, siliceous content Vq, calcareous content Vc, organic matter content TOC, kerogen content Vker, porosity Phi (POR), gas saturation Sg, pore pressure Pp and total gas content, and expressing the total gas content by actual gas yield after fracturing. By studying the correlation coefficients between the dessert parameters and the gas production, it is found that TOC, Φ, Vker, Pf, PD have a large influence on the gas production, the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.35, while Vs, Vq, Vc have a small influence on the gas production, and the correlation coefficient is less than 0.15 (as shown in table 1).
TABLE 1
Through the analysis of the shale stratum geological dessert parameters, the five parameters of organic carbon content, kerogen volume, porosity, gas saturation and pore pressure are preferably selected as main influence parameters of the shale stratum geological dessert, and the influence on the gas production is as follows: pf>TOC>Φ>Sg>Vker。
Then, the geologic sweet spot parameters which are preferably selected by using a correlation coefficient method are combined with a complex correlation coefficient method to obtain a comprehensive coefficient R of each parameteri/CRi. Further weights of the main sweet spot parameters of the shale formation are derived (as shown in table 2).
| Parameter(s) | TOC(％) | POR(％) | Vker(％) | Sg(％) | Pf(g/cm3) |
| Sorting | 2 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 1 |
| 1/CRi | 0.703 | 0.633 | 0.545 | 0.317 | 0.319 |
| Coefficient of synthesis | 0.393 | 0.264 | 0.194 | 0.127 | 0.182 |
| Normalization | 0.339 | 0.228 | 0.167 | 0.110 | 0.157 |
TABLE 2
By calculating the geological sweet-spot coefficients in tables 1 and 2, and comparing with the actual gas production of the shale formation, as shown in fig. 3 (gas production on the abscissa, geological sweet-spot coefficient on the ordinate, R)2As the square of the correlation coefficient). The higher the geological sweet spot coefficient of the shale stratum in the graph, the higher the actual exploitation gas production rate, the lower the geological sweet spot, the smaller the gas production rate, the exponential relationship between the gas production rate and the geological sweet spot coefficient, and the correlation (R) between the gas production rate and the geological sweet spot coefficient2) Up to 0.76, slightly less than the geological sweet spot calculated with the radar area model, the geological sweet spots of these wells were also evaluated better and much better than the single parameter evaluation.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. There are various other embodiments of the method of the present invention. Various corresponding changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these corresponding changes or modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for quantitatively evaluating a geological dessert based on parameter optimization, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining major geological sweet spot parameters using correlations between geological sweet spot parameters and gas production, including: collecting well-interpreted geological sweet-spot parameters; obtaining gas production, wherein the gas production is the unimpeded flow of test gas production of the shale stratum; calculating a correlation coefficient between each of the geological sweet spot parameters and the unobstructed flow; (ii) preferring the primary geological sweet spot parameter from the geological sweet spot parameters according to the magnitude of the correlation coefficient;
determining a weight for each of the principal geological sweet spot parameters based on an independence weighting factor method, comprising: calculating a correlation coefficient between each of the primary geological sweet spot parameters and the unobstructed flow; calculating a complex correlation coefficient between each of the prime geological sweet spot parameters and other prime geological sweet spot parameters; calculating a comprehensive coefficient of the main geological dessert parameter, wherein the comprehensive coefficient is a correlation coefficient/multiple correlation coefficient; normalizing the comprehensive coefficient to obtain the weight, and calculating the weight according to the following expression:
wherein, WiIs a weight coefficient, RiAs a correlation coefficient, CRiIs a complex correlation coefficient, i and n are positive integers, n represents the number of main geological sweet-spot parameters;
calculating a shale formation geological sweet spot coefficient represented by a weight based on the weight of the principal geological sweet spot parameter, comprising: the principal geological sweet spot parameters are normalized,
wherein, XiIs a primary geological dessert parameter, X'iAs a result of normalization of the main geological sweet spot parameters, Xmax、XminThe maximum value and the minimum value of the numerical value interval of the main geological dessert parameter are respectively; and
the geological sweet-spot coefficient is calculated,
wherein, XGIs the geological sweet spot coefficient;
and quantitatively evaluating the geological sweet spot of the shale stratum according to the geological sweet spot coefficient.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein a correlation coefficient between each of the geological sweet-spot parameters and the unobstructed flow is calculated, wherein the correlation coefficient between each of the geological sweet-spot parameters and the unobstructed flow is calculated using a correlation coefficient method.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the geological sweet spot of the shale formation is quantitatively evaluated according to the geological sweet spot coefficient, wherein the higher the value of the geological sweet spot coefficient, the better the geological sweet spot.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein:
the geological dessert parameters comprise the argillaceous content, the siliceous content, the calcareous content, the organic matter content, the kerogen content, the porosity, the gas saturation, the pore pressure and the actual gas yield after fracturing;
the major geological dessert parameters include organic carbon content, kerogen content, porosity, gas saturation and pore pressure.
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| CN112031740B (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2024-02-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Shale gas geological dessert evaluation method and device based on stratum elements |
| CN111046585B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2023-08-22 | 中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心 | Shale gas dessert prediction method based on multiple linear regression analysis |
| CN111428907B (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2022-12-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for optimizing dessert for old oil field development |
| CN113537702A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-10-22 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Geological dessert evaluation method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN114991745B (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2023-06-23 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Shale oil reservoir dessert identification method and device |
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