CN108658533A - Gunite concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Gunite concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108658533A
CN108658533A CN201710196057.7A CN201710196057A CN108658533A CN 108658533 A CN108658533 A CN 108658533A CN 201710196057 A CN201710196057 A CN 201710196057A CN 108658533 A CN108658533 A CN 108658533A
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China
Prior art keywords
mixture
gunite concrete
parts
concrete
accelerator
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CN201710196057.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN108658533B (en
Inventor
曹有来
郑红高
张爱萍
施勇
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Beijing In Village Concrete LLC
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Beijing In Village Concrete LLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
    • C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
    • C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of gunite concretes, count in parts by weight, and raw material includes：415~475 parts of portland cement, 40~60 parts of flyash, 820~860 parts of sand, 5 724~764 parts of 10mm Stones, 28~36 parts of accelerator, 1.1~1.9 parts of polycarboxylate water-reducer, 1.2~2.0 parts of organic coagulant, 2.3~2.7 parts of methylene-bisacrylamide, 10~16 parts of solvent, 182~190 parts of water.This kind of gunite concrete, which is injected in after by spray plane, quickly to be solidified, while the early strength of gunite concrete and later strength are satisfied by the construction requirement of gunite concrete.

Description

Gunite concrete and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to high performance concrete fields, more specifically, it is related to a kind of gunite concrete and its preparation side Method.
Background technology
Gunite concrete is that concrete high speed is ejected by spray plane by spraying machine, one made of rapid condensation hardening Kind of concrete, therefore, gunite concrete need to have good mobility and the high feature of early strength.
In the construction process, the gypsum in cement becomes sodium sulphate to gunite concrete under the action of accelerator, loses slow Solidifying effect, to promote the C in cement3C is precipitated in the rapid aquations of A3The hydrated product crystal of A, cement slurry is rapid curing, reaches Early strong effect, while the concrete for mixing accelerator generally can be pre-hardening in five minutes, final set in ten minutes.Cement slurry Under the action of accelerator, although the intensity of concrete in the early stage improves, by the concrete on spray plane in later strength meeting It significantly reduces.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of gunite concretes, and the concrete initial set is very fast, and early strength is higher, simultaneously Later strength can reach using standard.
The present invention above-mentioned purpose technical scheme is that：A kind of gunite concrete, by weight Number meter, raw material includes 415~475 parts of portland cement, and 40~60 parts of flyash, 820~860 parts of sand, 5-10mm grain sizes are broken 724~764 parts of stone, 28~36 parts of accelerator, 1.1~1.9 parts of polycarboxylate water-reducer, 1.2~2.0 parts of organic coagulant, methylene 2.3~2.7 parts of base bisacrylamide, 10~16 parts of solvent, 182~190 parts of water.
Preferably, it counts in parts by weight, raw material includes 445 parts of portland cement, 50 parts of flyash, 840 parts of sand, 5- 744 parts of 10mm Stones, 32 parts of accelerator, 1.5 parts of polycarboxylate water-reducer, 1.6 parts of organic coagulant, methylene bisacrylamide acyl 2.5 parts of amine, 13 parts of solvent, 186 parts of water.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, accelerator is added in concrete system, the CaSO in cement4In the work of accelerator Become Na with lower2SO4, deferred action is lost, to promote the C in cement3The rapid aquations of A are combined with water and generate C3AH6Crystal, C3AH6Crystal is precipitated, and cement slurry is rapid curing.Organic coagulant during hydrated cementitious with the metal ion in cement Complexing, forms the more stable complex ion of structure, and complex ion generates the network of solubility very little during hydrated cementitious Salt, with C in system3AH6Crystal is also precipitated while precipitation, and the early strength of gunite concrete improves.
Methylene-bisacrylamide is crosslinked autohemagglutination, while the amide group pole in molecule during hydrated cementitious is exothermic Property is stronger, and partial amides group is dissociated into the anion of the macromolecule of multi-charge in cement slurry, due on anion Charge is more, and the polymer that can become linear molecule with autohemagglutination is gradually reunited as curve-like, and the viscosity of cement slurry is increased. Meanwhile the complex ion generated in cement slurry with the generation of autohemagglutination product it is in conjunction, the absorption of the complex salt that is then precipitated In on methylene-bisacrylamide polymerizate.
As the aquation of cement enters the later stage, water generation Ca is met in unhydrated part in cement2+, the Ca of generation2+Shape again It is adsorbed on the polymer of methylene-bisacrylamide at complex ion, the Ca (OH) in concrete2Content is reduced, volume of concrete The degree expanded greatly reduces, and concrete intensity continuous in cement hydration process increases, and late strength of concrete improves.
The grain size of flyash is thinner, and flyash is used instead of part of cement, promotes the conversion of hydrolysis product of cement, improves The intensity of gunite concrete；Meanwhile having adhesiveness after flyash chance water, strong adhesive force effectively reduces returning for concrete Bullet.In addition flyash plays the role of slight expansion, compensates for concrete drying shrinkage to a certain extent, improves gunite concrete Intensity.
Preferably, organic coagulant is the mixture of nitro humic acid and sodium humate.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the nitro humic acid and sodium humate is 3: 1.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, nitro humic acid is refined using natural humic acid through chemical reaction with sodium humate Form, there is the more active group such as hydroxyl, quinonyl, carboxyl, while there is larger internal surface area, have stronger absorption with And complexing power.With sodium humate and the metal ion in cement slurry complex reaction occurs for nitro humic acid, the network generated It is more stable to close product structure.Nitro humic acid is stronger compared to the acidity of sodium humate simultaneously, while introducing nitrogen-containing group, The acid-base value in cement slurry can be effectively adjusted, prevents the pH in cement slurry excessively high, Ca2+Direct precipitation generate Ca (OH)2, The complexing product structure of generation is set to stablize.
Preferably, the accelerator is the mixture of polyaluminium sulfate, sodium carbonate, quick lime.
Preferably, the polyaluminium sulfate, sodium carbonate, quick lime weight ratio be 0.5: 1: 0.5.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, accelerator is the important additive that concrete generates early strength, and accelerator promotees The gypsum in cement is set to generate Na2SO4, so that cement slurry is lost retarding effect, wherein polyaluminium sulfate overcomes bauxite storage Phase short disadvantage.
Preferably, the polycarboxylate water-reducer is the mixed of maleic anhydride polycarboxylate water-reducer and acrylic acid polycarboxylate water-reducer Close object.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, maleic anhydride polycarboxylate water-reducer is efficiently to subtract with acrylic acid polycarboxylate water-reducer Aqua has a good dispersion effect to cement, while maleic anhydride polycarboxylate water-reducer and acrylic acid polycarboxylate water-reducer can be with The acid-base value in cement slurry is adjusted, prevents the accelerator being added from keeping cement slurry basicity excessively high.
Preferably, the solvent is the mixture of ethylene glycol and ethyl acetate.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, solvent uses the mixture of ethylene glycol and ethyl acetate, is polyaluminium sulfate, carbon Sour sodium and quick lime dispersion in a solvent, when accelerator is mixed with cement slurry, be conducive to accelerator in cement slurry Dispersion.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation methods of gunite concrete described above.
The present invention above-mentioned purpose technical scheme is that：A kind of preparation side of gunite concrete Method includes the following steps：
S1：It weighs in portland cement, flyash addition blender and is stirred by regulation, mixing time 10min is mixed Close object；
S2：Sand, 5-10mm Stones are weighed by predetermined weight, is added in the mixture that S1 is obtained, mixing time 15min, Water is added later, continues to stir, and mixing time 7min obtains mixture；
S3：Polycarboxylate water-reducer is weighed by predetermined weight, is added in the mixture that S2 is obtained, mixing time 9min, Zhi Houjia Enter organic coagulant, stirs 5min, obtain mixture；
S4：Accelerator, methylene-bisacrylamide and solvent are weighed by predetermined weight, by accelerator, methylene bisacrylamide acyl Amine is added in solvent and stirs 3min, obtains mixture；
S5：The mixture that S3 is obtained is fitted into spraying machine, is delivered at nozzle using pressure-air, while in the spray of spraying machine Head goes out to be passed through the mixture that S4 is obtained, and the mixture that the mixture that S3 is obtained and S4 are obtained is after mixing, from nozzle at a high speed It sprays to by spray plane.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, cement and flyash are dispersed in water by the even action of polycarboxylate water-reducer In, while accelerator disperses in a solvent first with methylene acrylamide, is added at the nozzle of spraying machine later, with spraying machine The cement slurry sprayed at nozzle is mixed, and two kinds of coagulums are injected in after of short duration combination by spray plane.Spray in A large amount of crystal are precipitated at hydrated cementitious initial stage by the concrete on spray plane, gunite concrete hardens immediately.After injection, to spray Concrete after penetrating carries out maintenance molding, reaches use intensity standard.
In conclusion the invention has the advantages that：
1, gypsum is prevented to generate Na at hydrated cementitious initial stage using accelerator2SO4, retarding effect is lost, to promote cement to analyse Go out a large amount of C3AH6Crystal, concrete reach pre-hardening requirement.Meanwhile organic coagulant during hydrated cementitious in cement Complexing of metal ion, with C in cement system3AH6The precipitation of crystal is also precipitated simultaneously, early by the concrete sprayed on spray plane Phase intensity is higher.
2, with the exothermic process of hydrated cementitious, self-polymeric reaction takes place in methylene-bisacrylamide, simultaneously because acyl Amine groups polarity is stronger, promotes the crystal being precipitated to be attached on autohemagglutination product, is carried by the late strength of concrete sprayed on spray plane It is high.
Specific implementation mode
Involved all substances are commercially available in the embodiment of the present invention.
The specification of used sample is as shown in table 1 in each embodiment.
The specification of used sample in 1 following embodiment of table
Raw material proportioning is as shown in table 2 used in each embodiment.
Constituent content in 2 each embodiment of table
The preparation method of gunite concrete in the above various embodiments is as follows：
S1：It weighs in portland cement, flyash addition blender and is stirred by regulation, mixing time 10min is mixed Close object；
S2：Sand, 5-10mm Stones are weighed by predetermined weight, is added in the mixture that S1 is obtained, mixing time 15min, Water is added later, continues to stir, and mixing time 7min obtains mixture；
S3：Polycarboxylate water-reducer is weighed by predetermined weight, is added in the mixture that S2 is obtained, mixing time 9min, Zhi Houjia Enter organic coagulant, stirs 5min, obtain mixture；
S4：Accelerator, methylene-bisacrylamide and solvent are weighed by predetermined weight, by accelerator, methylene bisacrylamide acyl Amine is added in solvent and stirs 3min, obtains mixture；
S5：The mixture that S3 is obtained is fitted into spraying machine, is delivered at nozzle using pressure-air, while in the spray of spraying machine Head goes out to be passed through the mixture that S4 is obtained, and the mixture that the mixture that S3 is obtained and S4 are obtained is after mixing, from nozzle at a high speed It sprays to by spray plane.
Evaluation index and detection method used by gunite concrete prepared by the above various embodiments are as follows：
Compression strength：Gunite concrete is while construction, by concrete ejection according to GB/T 50010《Concrete structure is set Count specification》In be made in the mold of reference block, on day 1, the 7th day, the 14th day, the 28th day when measure have 95% ensure The compression strength of rate.
Presetting period：Gunite concrete by concrete ejection in slurry holding cup, exists while construction from concrete ejection Start timing in slurry holding cup, until the draw point of 300g, which freely lands, cannot just penetrate into bottom elapsed time.
Final setting time：Gunite concrete by concrete ejection in slurry holding cup, exists while construction from concrete ejection Start timing in slurry holding cup, until the draw point of 300g, which freely lands, is just unable to penetration concrete surface elapsed time.
The performance indicator of the above various embodiments is as shown in table 3.
The performance test results of gunite concrete prepared by 3 each embodiment of table
It can reach initial set in 3min from the gunite concrete that can be seen that in above-mentioned table in the present invention, reach in 5min eventually Solidifying index, and pass through compression strength performance test, the early strength and later strength of gunite concrete, which meet injection, to be mixed Coagulate the job specfication requirement of soil.
Raw material proportioning is as shown in table 4 used in each comparative example.
Constituent content in 4 each comparative example of table
The preparation method of each comparative example is consistent with embodiment 1.
The performance indicator of above each comparative example is as shown in table 5.
The performance test results of concrete prepared by 5 each comparative example of table
The performance test results Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2 Comparative example 3 Comparative example 4 Comparative example 5 Comparative example 6
1st day compression strength/MPa 9.32 9.06 8.95 11.45 10.93 9.53
28th day compression strength/MPa 31.25 32.39 31.92 29.31 35.23 32.21
Presetting period/s 2.69 2.58 2.43 1.58 2.03 1.65
Final setting time/s 5.38 5.03 4.96 4.85 4.96 4.90
As can be seen from the above table, organic coagulant is added without in comparative example 1, cement only has C in hydration process3AH6Crystal It is precipitated, with the lasting progress of hydrated cementitious, autohemagglutination, C occur for methylene-bisacrylamide3AH6Crystal is adsorbed in autohemagglutination product Reduced capability, therefore, comparative example 1 prepare concrete early period intensity and later strength be below in embodiment 1 and be prepared into The concrete arrived.
Wherein, nitro humic acid and a sodium humate are only added in comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 respectively, in concrete system Acid-base value can not be adjusted, and may lead to Ca2+Direct precipitation generate Ca (OH)2, or influence speed of the accelerator to cement Solidifying effect, compared to embodiment 1, the intensity for the gunite concrete that comparative example 2 is prepared with comparative example 3 declines, and coagulates simultaneously Tie time growth.
Comparative example 4 is added without methylene-bisacrylamide, and under the action of accelerator, cement is only precipitated in hydration process C3AH6The complex salt of crystal and stable structure, although concrete intensity early period is not much different with embodiment 1, with concrete In hardening process, late strength of concrete significantly declines compared to embodiment 1.Comparative example 5 does not use coal ash instead part Cement, the intensity for the gunite concrete being prepared is less than the intensity in embodiment 1, while the viscosity of cement slurry is higher than implementation The concrete that example 1 is prepared, setting time increase.
Accelerator is tentatively disperseed without using solvent in comparative example 6, cement slurry is with accelerator siccative in spraying machine It is mixed at nozzle, then injection is to by spray plane, and since the two incorporation time is shorter, accelerator cannot be scattered in cement well It in mud, may reunite in cement slurry, be unevenly distributed by the accelerator of the concrete on spray plane, lead to concrete Intensity declines.
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention, is not limitation of the present invention, people in the art Member can as needed make the present embodiment the modification of not creative contribution after reading this specification, but as long as at this It is all protected by Patent Law in the right of invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of gunite concrete, it is characterized in that：It counts in parts by weight, raw material includes：
2. gunite concrete according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：It counts in parts by weight, raw material includes：
3. gunite concrete according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that：Organic coagulant be nitro humic acid and The mixture of sodium humate.
4. gunite concrete according to claim 3, it is characterized in that：The weight ratio of the nitro humic acid and sodium humate It is 3: 1.
5. gunite concrete according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that：The accelerator is polyaluminium sulfate, carbonic acid The mixture of sodium, quick lime.
6. gunite concrete according to claim 5, it is characterized in that：The weight of the polyaluminium sulfate, sodium carbonate, quick lime Amount is than being 0.5: 1: 0.5.
7. gunite concrete according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that：The polycarboxylate water-reducer is poly- for maleic anhydride The mixture of carboxylic acid water reducer and acrylic acid polycarboxylate water-reducer.
8. gunite concrete according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that：The solvent is ethylene glycol and ethyl acetate Mixture.
9. a kind of method preparing gunite concrete as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that：Include the following steps：
S1：It weighs in portland cement, flyash addition blender and is stirred by regulation, mixing time 10min is mixed Close object；
S2：Sand, 5-10mm Stones are weighed by predetermined weight, is added in the mixture that S1 is obtained, mixing time 15min, Water is added later, continues to stir, and mixing time 7min obtains mixture；
S3：Polycarboxylate water-reducer is weighed by predetermined weight, is added in the mixture that S2 is obtained, mixing time 9min, Zhi Houjia Enter organic coagulant, stirs 5min, obtain mixture；
S4：Accelerator, methylene-bisacrylamide and solvent are weighed by predetermined weight, by accelerator, methylene bisacrylamide acyl Amine is added in solvent and stirs 3min, obtains mixture；
S5：The mixture that S3 is obtained is fitted into spraying machine, is delivered at nozzle using pressure-air, while in the spray of spraying machine Head goes out to be passed through the mixture that S4 is obtained, and the mixture that the mixture that S3 is obtained and S4 are obtained is after mixing, from nozzle at a high speed It sprays to by spray plane.
CN201710196057.7A 2017-03-28 2017-03-28 Sprayed concrete and preparation method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN108658533B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN110317036A (en) * 2019-07-10 2019-10-11 河南城建学院 A kind of building energy-saving heat-insulating material and its preparation process
CN114735960A (en) * 2022-03-16 2022-07-12 中铁广州工程局集团第三工程有限公司 Concrete additive, concrete mixture containing additive and preparation method

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CN114735960A (en) * 2022-03-16 2022-07-12 中铁广州工程局集团第三工程有限公司 Concrete additive, concrete mixture containing additive and preparation method

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