CN108654522A - A kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactor - Google Patents

A kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108654522A
CN108654522A CN201810588670.8A CN201810588670A CN108654522A CN 108654522 A CN108654522 A CN 108654522A CN 201810588670 A CN201810588670 A CN 201810588670A CN 108654522 A CN108654522 A CN 108654522A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
tube sheet
flat tube
header
heat exchange
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201810588670.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王庆新
王揽月
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nanjing Dun Xian Chemical Industry Science Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nanjing Dun Xian Chemical Industry Science Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanjing Dun Xian Chemical Industry Science Co Ltd filed Critical Nanjing Dun Xian Chemical Industry Science Co Ltd
Priority to CN201810588670.8A priority Critical patent/CN108654522A/en
Publication of CN108654522A publication Critical patent/CN108654522A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0242Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/025Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical in a cylindrical shaped bed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0278Feeding reactive fluids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0285Heating or cooling the reactor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00194Tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00212Plates; Jackets; Cylinders

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactors, the upper cover and low head are separately fixed at the top and bottom of cylinder, the snakelike heat exchange tube is distributed along the axial direction of cylinder, the upper flat tube sheet header is connected to the water outlet of snakelike heat exchange tube, the lower flat tube sheet header is connected to the water inlet end of snakelike heat exchange tube, the upper flat tube sheet header is connected to the header tank, the lower flat tube sheet header is connected to the diversion box, the upper flat tube sheet header is supported on the upper and lower part of cylinder with lower flat tube sheet header respectively, the both ends of the center fixed cylinder are separately fixed on flat tube sheet header and lower flat tube sheet header, water leg inner panel being wrapped on snakelike heat exchange tube along snakelike heat exchange tube outer wall, there is the water leg space for flowing water between the water leg inner panel and cylinder.The scheme that the present invention is coordinated using water leg and snakelike heat exchange tube, it can be ensured that entire catalyst bed is all uniformly cooled, and overtemperature coking will not occur.

Description

A kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of chemical reactor more particularly to a kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactors.
Background technology
Existing hydrogenation reactor is generally shell and tube reactor or plate-type reactor, and shell and tube reactor manages interior filling Outer catalyst, pipe are water.The tubulation of hydrogenation reactor isThe maximum production to have put into operation on the market at present Can be 100,000 tons of ethylene glycol, hydrogenation reactor specification is accomplishedSpecification, because thermal stress eliminate it is not thorough Bottom, bed resistance is high, and reactor leakage, device is in end-of-life state.The ethylene glycol dress that many places are put into operation on the market It sets, practical monosystem is classified as 50,000 tons of ethylene glycol production capacity, and the hydrogenation reaction of 200,000 tons of ethylene glycol uses two series, fourHIt urges=6000 hydrogenation reactor parallel running, that there are Catalyst packings is few, big, energy consumption of moving thermal energy force difference, resistance High, the defects of side reaction object is more, device is difficult to amplify;Leak water in the plate of board-like hydrogenation reactor, plate outer loading catalyst, gas For full Radial Flow, it can theoretically meet device enlargement glycol unit, being not suitable for hydrogenation reaction on Practical Project uses. It is reacted since with ethylene glycol carburetting can occur for ethyl alcohol, if bed overtemperature occurs and is easy to form coking.
It is enclosed by the cuboid plate of several 150~400 (plate is wide) × H (plate is high) when the heat exchange element of board-like hydrogenation reactor At periphery, this periphery is really one polygonal, and it is even that catalyst will appear became uneven, is easy to happen catalyst bed There is coking phenomenon in hot-spot, has no idea to put into actual operation.
Existing oxonation device is generally shell and tube reactor or plate-type reactor, and shell and tube reactor manages interior filling Outer catalyst, pipe are water.The tubulation of oxonation device isThe maximum production to have put into operation on the market at present Can be 100,000 tons of ethylene glycol, oxonation device specification is accomplishedSpecification, because thermal stress elimination be not thorough, Bed resistance is high, and reactor leakage, device is in end-of-life state.The glycol unit that many places are put into operation on the market, Practical monosystem is classified as 50,000 tons of ethylene glycol production capacity, and the oxonation of 200,000 tons of ethylene glycol uses two series, four HIt urges=6000 oxonation device parallel running, few, shifting thermal energy force difference that there are Catalyst packings, resistance is big, high energy consumption, is easy hair Raw decomposition explosion, the defects of side reaction object is more, tube sheet is easily burnt, device is difficult to amplify;
It is enclosed by the cuboid plate of several 150~400 (plate is wide) × H (plate is high) when the heat exchange element of board-like oxonation device At periphery, this periphery is really one polygonal, and it is even that catalyst will appear became uneven, is easy to happen catalyst bed Hot-spot is not suitable for oxonation on Practical Project and uses, due to methyl nitrite begin at 140 DEG C thermal decomposition occurs it is anti- It answers, methyl nitrite will occur to thermally decompose completely at 155~160 DEG C, and pyrolysis occurs to release heat big (3216j/gCH3ONO), while being a volume increase reaction (2CH3ONO→CH3OH+CH2O+2NO), lead to temperature and pressure It quickly increases, is bound to cause accident.
Existing methanol reactor is generally shell and tube reactor, plate-type reactor or the reaction of small tube sheet header tube beam formula Device, shell and tube reactor, it is water that it is outer, which to manage interior loading catalyst, pipe,.The tubulation of methanol synthesis reactor isThe methanol that the maximum production capacity to have put into operation on the market at present is 400,000 tons, methanol synthesis reactor rule Lattice are accomplishedSpecification, because thermal stress elimination is not thorough, bed resistance is high, reactor leakage, shell and tube first Alcohol synthesis reaction device can not meet enlarged methanol synthesizer.The country is in the enlarged methanol device of operation, single series production capacity It it is 60 or 900,000 tons, reactor is the board-like methanol synthesis reactors of Ka Sali or wears the small tube sheet header tube beam formula methanol-fueled CLC of dimension Reactor, enlarged methanol reactor market are monopolized by foreign technology quotient.But it is anti-that the country introduces the board-like methanol-fueled CLCs of Ka Sali Nine sets of device is answered, there are six sets of leakages (such as the Inner Mongol long the safe energy, Anhui Hua Yi, the new new energy in Inner Mongol), overhauls plate heat exchanger Catalysis must be drawn off when element leak source, the repair time is at one month or more.The small tube sheet header tube beam formula methanol for wearing dimension closes Ten sets or more are introduced at the reactor country, stringing difficulty is big, and the small side reaction object of heat exchange area is more, and catalyst bed overtemperature is (such as god The methanol synthesis reactor of magnificent packet header methanol-to-olefins project), enlarged device is run using two more parallels, separate unit methanol Synthesis reactor is difficult to realize enlargement.
Invention content
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in:The easy temperature in the edge of existing serpentine heat exchanger is excessively high, provides A kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactor.
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical programs, and the present invention includes cylinder, upper cover, lower envelope Head, water leg inner panel, snakelike heat exchange tube, upper flat tube sheet header, header tank, lower flat tube sheet header, diversion box, center fixed cylinder; The upper cover and low head are separately fixed at the top and bottom of cylinder, and the snakelike heat exchange tube is distributed along the axial direction of cylinder, The upper flat tube sheet header is connected to the water outlet of snakelike heat exchange tube, the water inlet end of lower flat the tube sheet header and snakelike heat exchange tube Connection, the upper flat tube sheet header is connected to the header tank, and the lower flat tube sheet header is connected to the diversion box, it is described on Flat tube sheet header is supported on the upper and lower part of cylinder with lower flat tube sheet header respectively, and the both ends of the center fixed cylinder are solid respectively It is scheduled on flat tube sheet header and lower flat tube sheet header, the water leg inner panel is wrapped in snakelike change along snakelike heat exchange tube outer wall There is the water leg space for flowing water, the top in the water leg space on heat pipe, between the water leg inner panel and cylinder It is connected to header tank, bottom is connected to diversion box.
The repair manhole passed in and out for maintenance personal is provided on the upper cover.Repair can easily be entered, do not had to Upper cover is opened, repair complexity is reduced.
It is provided with gas feed on the upper cover, gas-collecting cap and gas vent, the collection are provided on the low head Gas cap is connected to gas vent.
It is provided with water outlet on the header tank, water inlet is provided on the diversion box.Realize waterway circulating.
It is filled with catalyst between the water leg inner panel, snakelike heat exchange tube, upper flat tube sheet header and lower flat tube sheet header.
The catalyst is palladium series catalyst.It can be used for ethylene glycol oxonation.
The catalyst is Cu-series catalyst.It can be used for methanol reaction.
The catalyst is nickel catalyst.It can be used for methanation reaction.
Catalyst self-unloading mouth is provided on the low head.Handling for catalyst.
The present invention uses snakelike heat exchange tube for main heat-exchanging tube bundle, and snakelike heat exchange tube thoroughly eliminates heat axially and radially upper Stress;Use coiled pipe for main heat-exchanging tube bundle, flat outside water-intake pipe in pipe, gas flow direction is vertical configuration with water flowing direction State;Use coiled pipe for main heat-exchanging tube bundle, gas is axial flowing from top to bottom, manages the outer loading catalyst of interior water-intake pipe, catalysis Agent loadings are more, it is strong to move thermal energy power;Service personnel can enter reactor by repair manhole and repair.Due to snakelike heat exchange Pipe is being that no cooling water is cooled down close to the edge of cylinder, is easy to be formed high temperature, and water leg inner panel using the present invention A water leg space is formed with cylinder, can ensure there is water flowing cooling, avoids leading to urging close to cylinder because of localized hyperthermia Agent temperature is excessively high.
In entire reaction process, waterway channel is:Flat tube sheet header-snakelike heat exchange tube-is above flat under water inlet-diversion box- Tube sheet header-header tank-water outlet.
Water leg space is formed between water leg inner panel and cylinder, inside has flow to lead to, water leg inner panel internal edge Catalyst can be cooling under recirculated water effect, and hot-spot will not occur.
The present invention has the following advantages compared with prior art:The side that the present invention is coordinated using water leg and snakelike heat exchange tube Case, it can be ensured that entire catalyst bed is all uniformly cooled, and coking will not occur.Waterway circulating is Natural Circulation, is effectively shut out Oxonation device occurs in unexpected have a power failure for exhausted existing forced circulation oxonation device and the accident of carbonylation system explosion occurs, Prevent existing forced circulation methanol reaction or methanation reaction device simultaneously and catalyst bed overtemperature knot occurs in unexpected have a power failure The accidents such as coke.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
It elaborates below to the embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment is carried out lower based on the technical solution of the present invention Implement, gives detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following implementation Example.
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment include cylinder 1, upper cover 2, low head 3, water leg inner panel 4, snakelike heat exchange tube 5, Upper flat tube sheet header 6, header tank 7, lower flat tube sheet header 8, diversion box 9, center fixed cylinder 10;The upper cover 2 and low head 3 The top and bottom of cylinder 1 are separately fixed at, the snakelike heat exchange tube 5 is along the axial direction distribution of cylinder 1, the upper flat tube sheet header 6 are connected to the water outlet of snakelike heat exchange tube 5, and the lower flat tube sheet header 8 is connected to the water inlet end of snakelike heat exchange tube 5, it is described on Flat tube sheet header 6 is connected to the header tank 7, and the lower flat tube sheet header 8 is connected to the diversion box 9, the upper flat tube sheet Header 6 is supported on the upper and lower part of cylinder 1 with lower flat tube sheet header 8 respectively, and the both ends of the center fixed cylinder 10 are solid respectively It is scheduled on flat tube sheet header 6 and lower flat tube sheet header 8, the water leg inner panel 4 is wrapped in snake along 5 outer wall of snakelike heat exchange tube Have the water leg space 11 for flowing water, the water leg empty on shape heat exchanger tube 5, between the water leg inner panel 4 and cylinder 1 Between 11 top be connected to header tank 7, bottom be connected to diversion box 9.The dimension passed in and out for maintenance personal is provided on the upper cover 2 Manhole 12 is repaiied, repair can be easily entered, does not have to open upper cover 2, reduces repair complexity.It is arranged on the upper cover 2 There is gas feed 13, gas-collecting cap 14 and gas vent 15 are provided on the low head 3, the gas-collecting cap 14 is connected to gas vent 15.It is provided with water outlet 16 on the header tank 7, water inlet 19 is provided on the diversion box 9.Realize waterway circulating.It is described It is filled with catalyst 17 between water leg inner panel 4, snakelike heat exchange tube 5, upper flat tube sheet header 6 and lower flat tube sheet header 8.It is described to urge Agent 17 is palladium series catalyst.It can be used for ethylene glycol oxonation.The catalyst 17 is Cu-series catalyst.It is anti-to can be used for methanol It answers.The catalyst 17 is nickel catalyst.It can be used for methanation reaction.Catalyst self-unloading mouth is provided on the low head 3 18.Handling for catalyst 17.
Use snakelike heat exchange tube 5 for main heat-exchanging tube bundle, snakelike heat exchange tube 5 is answered in axially and radially upper heat of thoroughly eliminating Power;Use coiled pipe for main heat-exchanging tube bundle, flat outside water-intake pipe in pipe, gas flow direction is vertical configuration with water flowing direction State;It uses coiled pipe for main heat-exchanging tube bundle, manages the outer loading catalyst of interior water-intake pipe, 17 loadings of catalyst are more, it is strong to move thermal energy power; Service personnel can be repaired by repairing manhole 12 into reactor, and coiled pipe is completed under the premise of not drawing off catalyst 17 Weld seam overhauls.Since snakelike heat exchange tube 5 is being that no cooling water is cooled down close to the edge of cylinder 1, it is easy to form high temperature, and Water leg inner panel 4 using the present invention forms a water leg space 11 with cylinder 1, can ensure there is water flowing cooling, avoid Because localized hyperthermia causes 17 temperature of catalyst close to cylinder 1 excessively high.
In entire reaction process, waterway channel is:Flat tube sheet header 8- snakelike heat exchange tubes 5- under water inlet 19- diversion boxs 9- Upper flat tube sheet header 6- header tank 7- water outlets 16.
Water leg space 11 is formed between water leg inner panel 4 and cylinder 1, inside has flow to lead to, 4 internal edges of water leg inner panel The catalyst 17 of edge can be cooling under recirculated water effect, and hot-spot will not occur.Center fixed cylinder 10 plays fixed bearing Effect, effectively the whole bearing of snakelike heat exchange tube 5 can be got up.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention made by within refreshing and principle.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactor, which is characterized in that including cylinder, upper cover, low head, water leg inner panel, Snakelike heat exchange tube, upper flat tube sheet header, header tank, lower flat tube sheet header, diversion box, center fixed cylinder;The upper cover is under End socket is separately fixed at the top and bottom of cylinder, and the snakelike heat exchange tube is distributed along the axial direction of cylinder, the upper flat tube sheet connection Case is connected to the water outlet of snakelike heat exchange tube, and the lower flat tube sheet header is connected to the water inlet end of snakelike heat exchange tube, described flat Tube sheet header is connected to the header tank, and the lower flat tube sheet header is connected to the diversion box, the upper flat tube sheet header with Under flat tube sheet header be supported on the upper and lower part of cylinder respectively, the both ends of the center fixed cylinder are separately fixed at flat tube sheet On header and lower flat tube sheet header, water leg inner panel being wrapped on snakelike heat exchange tube along snakelike heat exchange tube outer wall is described There is the water leg space for flowing water, the top in the water leg space to be connected to header tank between water leg inner panel and cylinder, Bottom is connected to diversion box.
2. a kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be arranged on the upper cover It is useful for the repair manhole of maintenance personal's disengaging.
3. a kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be arranged on the upper cover There is gas feed, gas-collecting cap and gas vent are provided on the low head, the gas-collecting cap is connected to gas vent.
4. a kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be arranged on the header tank There is water outlet, water inlet is provided on the diversion box.
5. a kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the water leg inner panel, It is filled with catalyst between snakelike heat exchange tube, upper flat tube sheet header and lower flat tube sheet header.
6. a kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactor according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the catalyst is palladium system Catalyst.
7. a kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactor according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the catalyst is copper system Catalyst.
8. a kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactor according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the catalyst is nickel system Catalyst.
9. a kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactor according to claim 5, which is characterized in that be arranged on the low head There is catalyst self-unloading mouth.
CN201810588670.8A 2018-06-08 2018-06-08 A kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactor Pending CN108654522A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810588670.8A CN108654522A (en) 2018-06-08 2018-06-08 A kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactor

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810588670.8A CN108654522A (en) 2018-06-08 2018-06-08 A kind of coil jacket formula axial flow reactor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN108654522A true CN108654522A (en) 2018-10-16

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111821924A (en) * 2020-07-13 2020-10-27 江苏永大化工机械有限公司 DMO reactor
CN112337409A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-02-09 重庆华峰化工有限公司 Production system of hexamethylene diamine

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5470542A (en) * 1993-06-30 1995-11-28 Sulzer Chemtech Ag Catalyzing fixed bed reactor
CN103240035A (en) * 2012-02-10 2013-08-14 杭州林达化工技术工程有限公司 Gas-solid phase catalytic reactor
CN105642197A (en) * 2014-09-24 2016-06-08 楼韧 Large-sized reactor, and device and process thereof
CN107830750A (en) * 2017-09-27 2018-03-23 兰州兰石集团有限公司 Coal gasifier ash-dregs cooler
CN208742509U (en) * 2018-06-08 2019-04-16 南京敦先化工科技有限公司 A kind of water-cooled snakelike heat exchange tube axial flow reactor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5470542A (en) * 1993-06-30 1995-11-28 Sulzer Chemtech Ag Catalyzing fixed bed reactor
CN103240035A (en) * 2012-02-10 2013-08-14 杭州林达化工技术工程有限公司 Gas-solid phase catalytic reactor
CN105642197A (en) * 2014-09-24 2016-06-08 楼韧 Large-sized reactor, and device and process thereof
CN107830750A (en) * 2017-09-27 2018-03-23 兰州兰石集团有限公司 Coal gasifier ash-dregs cooler
CN208742509U (en) * 2018-06-08 2019-04-16 南京敦先化工科技有限公司 A kind of water-cooled snakelike heat exchange tube axial flow reactor

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111821924A (en) * 2020-07-13 2020-10-27 江苏永大化工机械有限公司 DMO reactor
CN112337409A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-02-09 重庆华峰化工有限公司 Production system of hexamethylene diamine
CN112337409B (en) * 2020-11-25 2024-02-06 重庆华峰化工有限公司 Production system of hexamethylenediamine

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Application publication date: 20181016