CN108650437A - Interference elimination method and its system between pixel based on ITS-VLC - Google Patents
Interference elimination method and its system between pixel based on ITS-VLC Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/14—Picture signal circuitry for video frequency region
- H04N5/21—Circuitry for suppressing or minimising disturbance, e.g. moiré or halo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
- H04B10/114—Indoor or close-range type systems
- H04B10/116—Visible light communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/54—Mounting of pick-up tubes, electronic image sensors, deviation or focusing coils
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses interference elimination method and its systems between a kind of pixel based on ITS VLC, and this approach includes the following steps:S1, raw information encode to form the information that LED array can express;S2, described information send out visible light signal through LED drive circuit driving LED lamp;S3, it obtains LED array image and calculates pixel brightness value;S4, the IPI components that pixel is calculated in conjunction with IPI elimination algorithms are simultaneously filtered;S5, final decoding obtain raw information.The system includes:IPI eliminates transmitting subsystem, IPI eliminates transmission subsystem and IPI is eliminated and received terminal subsystem.The present invention substantially increases the visible light communication distance of LED array, simple system and does not increase additional equipment, the performance and practicability of system is substantially increased, the advantages that having broad application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to visible light communications and intelligent transportation system technical field, and in particular to a kind of based on ITS-VLC's
Interference elimination method and its system between pixel.
Background technology
Recent years, intelligent transportation are quickly grown.Intelligent transportation system (ITS) is the direction of future transportation System Development,
Intelligent transportation is the technology of a multi-crossed disciplines, covers various advanced technologies:Information technology, data transmission communicate skill
Art, Electronic transducer technology, control technology and computer technology etc., the technology can be applied to a wide range of, comprehensive traffic fortune
Defeated management system has many advantages, such as real-time, accurate, efficient etc..The now most popular research of intelligent transportation system be it is unmanned,
And unpiloted core is exactly to drive the data of ambient enviroment, unmanned needs receive the environmental information of surrounding in real time, because
This, it is unmanned to have used a large amount of sensor.In recent years, and traditional white with the rapid development of semiconductor illumination technique
Vehement lamp is compared, and LED has many advantages, such as that low-power consumption, long lifespan, size are small, environmentally protective.At the same time, LED has more modularity
The advantages such as energy is good, response sensitivity is high.Signal is loaded into the high frequency of human eye None- identified on LED and is transmitted, and then is urged
Bear a technology that can realize illumination and communicating integral --- visible light communication.VLC need not replace original equipment,
It only needs on the basis of original, loads one piece of embedded chip, you can realize visible light communication, therefore, VLC is applied to intelligence
Can traffic system also become people and deepen continuously the topic of research.
Wherein, the ratio of LED array application is wide, such as:Stand-by period of traffic lights, billboard, road sign guiding etc..
However, carrying out visible light communication using LED array is faced with many problems, one of maximum challenge is since LED has
There is diffusion effect, the pixel interference problem between causing LED array to be susceptible to each pixel, the visible light received in this way
Information contains many interference, influences subsequent research and development.In order to receive more accurate visible optical information, it would be highly desirable to propose
Interference elimination method and its system between a kind of pixel carry out the elimination interfered between pixel by the method and system proposed, real
The communication of existing LED array.
Invention content
The primary purpose of the present invention is that overcoming the disadvantages mentioned above and deficiency of the prior art, propose a kind of based on ITS-VLC
Pixel between interference elimination method, this method by using cmos image sensor capture LED array image carry out analysis calculating,
It obtains the IPI components of each pixel of LED array, and then is filtered using minimum-mean square error filters, it is final to restore
Go out raw information.
Another object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above of the prior art and deficiency, propose a kind of based on ITS-VLC
Pixel between interference cancelling system, the system by blending image handle, IPI components calculate, filtering etc. technologies, build one
The visible light communication system of interference problem between achievable elimination pixel.
According to disclosed embodiment, primary and foremost purpose of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Interference elimination method between a kind of pixel based on ITS-VLC, includes the following steps:
S1, each LED array information encoded by encoder, the first signal after coding by LED driving electricity
Road driving LED array launches the light beam for carrying digital communication, wherein the LED array is mounted on highway, distance
There is certain altitude on ground;
S2, the light beam pass through Free propagation spatial, are formed during Free propagation spatial and carry picture
The visible light signal of (IPI) is interfered between element;
S3, receiving terminal cmos image sensor with image of certain rate capture from LED array, the LED
The image of array passes through image processing module, obtains the brightness value of each pixel of LED array, wherein the cmos image
Sensor is mounted on intelligent transportation tool;
S4, each pixel of the LED array brightness value pass through IPI cancellation modules, utilize IPI elimination algorithms calculate
Go out the IPI components of each pixels of LED, and filter out the IPI components by minimum-mean square error filters, is eliminated
Second signal after IPI, then the second signal is passed through into decoder, obtain original LED array information.
Further, the LED array is made of 32 × 32 LED matrix, if LED(r,c)It is the position of LED, wherein r
The row of LED array is represented, c represents the row of LED array, and r and c are satisfied by r, c=1,2 ..., and 32;The encoder generation is held
The continuous time is TbNon-negative rectangular pulse, and by change its brightness come to LED carry out modularization, wherein TbWhen being that position continues
Between, therefore, the frequency representation of a LED is:
Rb=1/Tb (1)
Wherein LED(r,c)It is in the brightness value of t moment:
x(r,c)(t)=∑ks(r,c,k)·A·g(t-(k-1)Tb) (2)
Wherein k is call number, s(r,c,k), 0≤s(r,c,k)≤ 1 is to determine LED(r,c)Intensity coefficient;One pulse
Function g (t) is defined as follows:
Further, the step S3 is specific as follows:
S31, the cmos image sensor capture the image from LED array with the frame rate shooting of 1000fps;
S32, described image pass through image processing module, and LED array in image is obtained using corresponding image processing techniques
Each pixel brightness value.
Further, the step S4 is specific as follows:
S41, cmos image sensor capture the image for including LED array information, and each pixel output corresponds to
The photoelectric current size of the luminous intensity received;Assuming that optical channel effect is ignored, first signal is set to (r, c) in place
Place can be expressed as:
y(r,c)(t)=x(r,c)(t) (4)
Assuming that transmitting and receive it is fully synchronized, if the time sampling period be Tb, then image exposure function can be represented as:
L (t)=∑igsh(t-(i-1)Tb) (5)
Wherein, i is exposure interval number, gsh(t) it indicates a pulse, is expressed as follows:
Correspond to LED in i-th of exposure interval(r,c)Pixel sample output be:
Wherein, δ is a constant for describing current conversion efficiency, p(u,v,i)Be time index be i, be in location of pixels
Brightness value at (u, v);
The diffusion of S42, LED are only limitted to the surrounding pixel of each pixels of LED, compared with the brightness of LED, their brightness value
It is fairly small, and as apart from elongated, the diffusion of LED becomes smaller;Due to the finiteness of Pixel Dimensions, captured LED not locates
At the center of pixel, so the diffusion of LED is not symmetrical;Therefore it is presumed that
(a) diffusion of LED is only limitted to the pixel of surrounding;
If (b) being uniformly distributed apart from identical and LED diffusion, LED diffusions are identical;
Therefore, as shown in Figure 1, the single led diffusion effect in LED array generates interference and distance to surrounding pixel point
It is positively correlated, therefore then single led diffusion causes the brightness value of each pixel around in the image captured that can be asked
Solution comes out.If the expression formula of the brightness value of the dot matrix that LED array is 3 × 3, single led pixel and its surrounding pixel point is such as
Shown in Fig. 1.
(IPI) is interfered between pixel will to be interfered between pixel caused by due to the diffusion of each LED in a LED array
(IPI) it is considered as intersymbol interference (ISI) to indicate mathematical model, it is assumed that α1, α2It is the invasin collection of LED, wherein:
Using invasin collection, formula (4) is expressed as again:
Wherein, second and Section 3 of formula are IPI components, w(r,c)(t) it is the shot noise from ambient light, works as environment
When light has high intensity, the shot noise from ambient light can be modeled as white Gaussian noise;Assuming that w(r,c)(t) it is with double
Face power spectral densityWhite Gaussian noise process, by formula (8) substitute into formula (7), obtain:
Wherein, β1And β1Invasin collection as pixel:
p(u,v)It is identical with formula (7):
n(u,v)As noise component(s), it is represented by:
Therefore, as shown in Fig. 2, the diffusion effect of each LED in LED array can generate the pixel of surrounding and do
It disturbs, as described above, the brightness value of the pixel of each LED array in the image captured can be solved out
Come.If expression formula such as Fig. 2 institutes of the brightness value of the dot matrix that LED array is 3 × 3, each LED pixel point and its surrounding pixel point
Show.
S43, cmos image sensor export image, and image is sent to image processing module, obtains the pixel position of each LED
It sets (u, v), and exports its brightness value pIPI(u,v);IPI is considered as the ISI models in RF channels, the IPI cancellation modules calculate
It obtains IPI components, and reduces the IPI components by minimum-mean square error filters (MMSE), be eliminated after IPI
InformationAgain by second informationBy decoder, original LED array information is obtained.
According to disclosed embodiment, another object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Interference cancelling system between a kind of pixel based on ITS-VLC, including:IPI eliminates transmitting subsystem, IPI is eliminated and passed
Defeated subsystem and IPI, which are eliminated, receives terminal subsystem.
The raw information for carrying the LED array of visible optical information is encoded to be formed by encoder LED array is enable to express
Signal, the signal pass through LED drive circuit, driving LED array emit visible light signal;The visible light signal passes through certainly
Cmos image sensor is reached by space;The cmos image sensor will be seen that optical signal is converted into picture signal;The figure
As the brightness values of each pixels of LED is calculated by image processing module in signal, then calculated by IPI cancellation modules
Go out the IPI components of each pixel;The IPI components are filtered out when passing through minimum-mean square error filters, the IPI that is eliminated points
Signal after amount;The signal is decoded by decoder, and reduction obtains LED raw informations;To realize disappearing for LED array
Except the visible light communication of IPI problems.
The present invention has the following advantages and effects with respect to the prior art:
(1) present invention utilizes IPI cancellation modules, is filtered using the IPI elimination algorithms and combination least mean-square error of proposition
Device solves the problems, such as the pixel interference between the image of LED array, improves communication distance.In the case where distance is relatively close, I
Can by cmos image sensor and image processing module come obtain LED array transmission information.Farther out in distance
In the case of, application by the method for the invention, we again may be by cmos image sensor and image processing module comes
The information of LED array transmission is obtained, the effect obtained and distance are suitable compared with the effect closely obtained.
(2) ITS and VLC are combined by the present invention, pass through the solution of the pixel interference problem between the image to LED array
To realize that the information between ITS is transmitted.The actual application value for giving full play to interference elimination method between pixel improves practical logical
Communication distance.
Description of the drawings
The principle schematic of the brightness value of surrounding pixel point when Fig. 1 is single led diffusion in the present invention;
The principle schematic of Fig. 2 brightness values of each pixel when being multiple LED diffusions in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the functional block diagram of interference elimination method between realizing the pixel based on ITS-VLC in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structure diagram of interference cancelling system between the pixel based on ITS-VLC disclosed in the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
The every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, for single led diffusion when surrounding pixel point brightness value principle schematic;
As shown in Fig. 2, being the principle schematic of the brightness value of each pixel when multiple LED are spread;
As shown in figure 3, realizing the functional block diagram of interference elimination method between the pixel based on ITS-VLC in the present invention;It carries
It can be seen that the raw information of the LED array of optical information encodes the first signal to be formed and LED array is enable to express, institute by encoder
The first signal stated passes through LED drive circuit, and driving LED array emits visible light signal;The visible light signal passes through certainly
Cmos image sensor is reached by space;The cmos image sensor will be seen that optical signal is converted into picture signal;It is described
Picture signal the brightness values of each pixels of LED is calculated by image processing module, then pass through IPI cancellation module meters
Calculate the IPI components for obtaining each pixel;The IPI components are filtered out when passing through minimum-mean square error filters, are disappeared
Except the second signal after IPI components;The second signal is decoded by decoder, and reduction obtains LED raw informations;
To realize the visible light communication for eliminating IPI problems of LED array.
The embodiment of interference elimination method between the pixel, specific implementation are as follows:
If PIPI(u,v)It is the pixel vector that receives for the pixel that position is (u, v), vector is in the IPI length that length is 9
Sampling, expression formula can be provided by following formula:
PIPI(u,v)=(pIPI(u-1,v-1),…,pIPI(u,v-1),pIPI(u,v),pIPI(u,v+1),…,pIPI(u+1,v+1))T (12)
If using MMSE criterion, according to formula (9), PIPI(u,v)It can be provided by following formula:
PIPI(u,v)=HP(u,v)+N(u,v) (13)
Wherein, P(u,v)It is obtained according to formula (7), corresponds to LED(r,c)Pixel vector representation, expression formula
For:
P(u,v)=(p(u-2,v-2),…,p(u,v-1),p(u,v),p(u,v+1),…,p(u+2,v+2))T (14)
Wherein, P(u,v)Length be 25, N(u,v)For noise vector, H is invasin matrix, the size of matrix is 9 ×
25。
If the output of description MMSE basic filters isSo, expression formula is as follows:
Wherein, m is defined as the solution of following equation:
It can find out, the expression formula of weight vectors m is as follows:
Wherein, I is a unit matrix, and the expression formula of h is as follows:
Assuming that invasin h at receiver it is known that so we can by above algorithm, inhibit IPI, realize base
In the visible light communication of LED array, to realize, interference is eliminated between the pixel based on ITS-VLC.
Embodiment two
As shown in figure 4, interference cancelling system between a kind of pixel based on ITS-VLC, the system include:IPI eliminates transmitting
Subsystem, IPI eliminate transmission subsystem and IPI is eliminated and received terminal subsystem.
The IPI eliminates transmitting subsystem:Encoder, LED drive circuit and LED array, encoder, LED drive
Dynamic circuit and LED array are sequentially connected, and raw information carries the LED array of visible optical information after encoder coding
Information emits visible light signal by LED drive circuit, driving LED array;
It is free space that the IPI, which eliminates transmission subsystem,;
The IPI eliminates reception terminal subsystem:Cmos image sensor, image processing module, IPI eliminate mould
Block, minimum-mean square error filters and decoder, the cmos image sensor, image processing module, IPI cancellation modules, most
Small mean square error filter and decoder are sequentially connected;The visible light signal is sensed after free space by cmos image
Device captures, and cmos image sensor will be seen that first passing around image processing module after optical signal is converted into picture signal is calculated
Then the brightness value of each pixels of LED passes through the IPI components that each pixel is calculated in IPI cancellation modules, is then passed through
Minimum-mean square error filters filter out the signal that IPI components are eliminated after IPI, and the signal is solved by decoder
Code, reduction obtains LED raw informations, to realize the visible light communication of the LED array interfered between no pixel.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, it is other it is any without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention made by changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. interference elimination method between a kind of pixel based on ITS-VLC, which is characterized in that interference elimination method between the pixel
Include the following steps:
S1, each LED array information encoded by encoder, the first signal after coding by LED drive circuit drive
Dynamic LED array launches the light beam for carrying digital communication, wherein the LED array is mounted on highway, apart from ground
There is certain altitude;
S2, the light beam pass through Free propagation spatial, are formed between pixel during Free propagation spatial
The visible light signal of interference;
S3, cmos image sensor, which are mounted on intelligent transportation tool, is used as receiving terminal, and cmos image sensor is with certain speed
Rate captures the image from LED array, and the image of the LED array passes through image processing module, obtains each picture of LED array
The brightness value of vegetarian refreshments;
S4, each pixel of the LED array brightness value pass through IPI cancellation modules, calculated using IPI elimination algorithms
The IPI components of each pixels of LED, and the IPI components are filtered out by minimum-mean square error filters, be eliminated IPI
Second signal later, then the second signal is passed through into decoder, obtain original LED array information.
2. interference elimination method between the pixel according to claim 1 based on ITS-VLC, which is characterized in that the LED
Array is made of 32 × 32 LED matrix, if LED(r,c)It is the position of LED, wherein r represents the row of LED array, and c represents LED times
The row of row, r and c are satisfied by r, c=1,2 ..., and 32;The encoder generates the duration as TbNon-negative rectangular pulse, and
Modularization is carried out to LED by changing its brightness, wherein TbIt is bit duration, therefore, the frequency representation of a LED is:
Rb=1/Tb (1)
Wherein LED(r,c)It is in the brightness value of t moment:
x(r,c)(t)=∑ks(r,c,k)·A·g(t-(k-1)Tb) (2)
Wherein k is call number, s(r,c,k), 0≤s(r,c,k)≤ 1 is to determine LED(r,c)Intensity coefficient;The function g of one pulse
(t) it is defined as follows:
3. interference elimination method between the pixel according to claim 2 based on ITS-VLC, which is characterized in that the step
Rapid S4 processes are as follows:
S41, cmos image sensor capture the image for including LED array information, and each pixel output corresponds to reception
The photoelectric current size of the luminous intensity arrived;Assuming that optical channel effect is ignored, first signal is set to table at (r, c) in place
It is shown as:
y(r,c)(t)=x(r,c)(t) (4)
Assuming that transmitting and receive it is fully synchronized, if the time sampling period be Tb, then image exposure function representation be:
L (t)=∑igsh(t-(i-1)Tb) (5)
Wherein, i is exposure interval number, gsh(t) it indicates a pulse, is expressed as follows:
Correspond to LED in i-th of exposure interval(r,c)Pixel sample output be:
Wherein, δ is a constant for describing current conversion efficiency, p(u,v,i)Be time index be i, location of pixels be (u, v)
The brightness value at place;
Interference is that interference between pixel is considered as symbol caused by due to the diffusion of each LED in a LED array between S42, pixel
It is interfered between number to indicate mathematical model, it is assumed that α1, α2It is the invasin collection of LED, wherein:
Using invasin collection, formula (4) is expressed as again:
Wherein, second and Section 3 of formula are IPI components, w(r,c)(t) it is the shot noise from ambient light, when ambient light has
When having high intensity, the shot noise from ambient light is modeled as white Gaussian noise;Assuming that w(r,c)(t) it is with two-sided power spectrum
DensityWhite Gaussian noise process, by formula (8) substitute into formula (7), obtain:
Wherein, β1And β1Invasin collection as pixel:
p(u,v)It is identical with formula (7):
n(u,v)As noise component(s), it is expressed as:
S43, cmos image sensor export image, and image is sent to image processing module, obtains the location of pixels of each LED
(u, v), and export its brightness value pIPI(u,v);IPI is considered as the ISI models in RF channels, IPI cancellation modules are calculated
IPI components, and the IPI components, the information after the IPI that is eliminated are reduced by minimum-mean square error filters
Again by second informationBy decoder, original LED array information is obtained.
4. interference elimination method between the pixel according to any one of claims 1 to 3 based on ITS-VLC, which is characterized in that institute
Between the pixel stated in interference elimination method, the diffusion about LED is by following two hypothesis:
(a) diffusion of LED is only limitted to the pixel of surrounding;
If (b) being uniformly distributed apart from identical and LED diffusion, LED diffusions are identical.
5. interference cancelling system between a kind of pixel based on ITS-VLC, which is characterized in that interference cancelling system between the pixel
Including:IPI eliminates transmitting subsystem and IPI is eliminated and received terminal subsystem,
The IPI eliminates transmitting subsystem:Encoder, LED drive circuit and LED array, encoder, LED driving electricity
Road and LED array are sequentially connected, and raw information carries the information of the LED array of visible optical information after encoder coding
By LED drive circuit, driving LED array emits visible light signal;
The IPI eliminates reception terminal subsystem:Cmos image sensor, image processing module, IPI cancellation modules,
Minimum-mean square error filters and decoder, cmos image sensor, image processing module, IPI cancellation modules, lowest mean square miss
Poor filter and decoder are sequentially connected.
6. interference cancelling system between the pixel according to claim 5 based on ITS-VLC, which is characterized in that described can
Light-exposed signal is captured after free space by cmos image sensor, and cmos image sensor will be seen that optical signal is converted into figure
The brightness value of each pixels of LED is calculated as first passing around image processing module after signal, then passes through IPI cancellation modules
The IPI components of each pixel are calculated, is then passed through minimum-mean square error filters and filters out IPI components and be eliminated IPI
Signal later, the signal are decoded by decoder, and reduction obtains LED raw informations.
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CN105871462A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-08-17 | 华南理工大学 | Visible light communication positioning method based on CDMA modulation and positioning system adopted by same |
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US20070113127A1 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2007-05-17 | Nec Electronics Corporation | Circuit design system and circuit design program |
CN105871462A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-08-17 | 华南理工大学 | Visible light communication positioning method based on CDMA modulation and positioning system adopted by same |
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