CN108650005B - Pilot structure and channel estimation method for MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system - Google Patents
Pilot structure and channel estimation method for MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/022—Channel estimation of frequency response
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0222—Estimation of channel variability, e.g. coherence bandwidth, coherence time, fading frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
A pilot structure and channel estimation method for use in MIMO-FBMC/OQAM systems. The number of the transmitting antennas is recorded as N t Different antennasWith different pilot sequences, the pilot sequence of each antenna is composed of 3N t The length of each segment of symbol sequence is the same as the number of sub-carriers. Taking a 2x2 system as an example, the symbol sequences of the first section, the third section, the fourth section and the sixth section on the first root antenna are all 1 symbol sequences, and the symbol sequences of the second section and the fifth section are 1, -1 cross sequences. On the other antenna, the first three pilot symbol sequences are the same as those on the first antenna, and the last three pilot symbol sequences are opposite in sign to those on the same position of the first antenna. The invention can effectively eliminate the inter-symbol interference and the inter-subcarrier interference caused by multipath interference, thereby improving the channel estimation accuracy of the system. Meanwhile, the pilot frequency structure has lower signal peak-to-average power ratio, and reduces the linearity requirement of the system on the high-power amplifier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of multi-carrier communication, in particular to the related field of channel estimation, and particularly relates to a pilot frequency structure and a channel estimation method in a MIMO-FBMC/OQAM (multiple input multiple output/orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) based system.
Background
Next generation mobile communication technology surrounds how to improve transmission rate and quality within a limited bandwidth, and by combining FBMC/OQAM technology with MIMO technology is a requirement for development of next generation communication technology, however, due to characteristics of the FBMC/OQAM technology itself (strictly orthogonal only in real number domain), the FBMC/OQAM system has inherent imaginary interference. The wireless channel has a large randomness, so that more accurate channel information needs to be obtained in order to be able to perform channel equalization at the receiving end. For these MIMO system channel estimation methods, the pilot structure of the single-input single-output system is mostly simply extended to enable the MIMO system to complete channel estimation by combining with the MIMO technology.
However, in the MIMO system, the optimized pilot symbol length is generally longer than that of the conventional pilot symbol, and additional imaginary interference terms occur between the pilot symbols due to the extended pilot symbol length, and these interference terms degrade the channel estimation accuracy, thereby resulting in degradation of the channel estimation performance of the MIMO system, which seriously affects the channel estimation performance. Therefore, how to realize high-accuracy estimation of the channel in the presence of multiple interference terms is a key technical problem faced by the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pilot frequency structure channel estimation method for a MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system, which eliminates inter-symbol interference and inter-subcarrier interference caused by multipath interference by the pilot frequency channel estimation method, thereby improving the channel estimation accuracy of the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The pilot frequency structure based on the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system is characterized in that: the number of transmit antennas of the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system is noted as an integer power number N of 2 t The pilot sequence of each antenna is composed of 3N t The symbol sequences of the segments are formed, and the number of symbols of each segment of symbol sequence is the same as the number of subcarriers of the system. A group of pilot symbols is formed by three pilot sequences, the first and third pilot sequences of the group of pilot symbols are all 1, and the second pilot sequence is a crossing sequence of 1, -1. And selecting a corresponding pilot frequency structure according to the number of the transmitting antennas.
Further, the pilot symbol length is determined by the number N of transmitting antennas t The fixed set of symbol sequences is determined to be a three-segment symbol sequence.
The invention relates to a channel estimation method for pilot frequency structure in MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system, comprising the following steps:
(1) The pilot frequency sequences are stored or generated at the transmitting end and the receiving end of the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system;
(2) Different antennas at the receiving end of the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system receive different data stream signals, and the received data streams of different antennas are respectively processed according to the processing method of the FBMC/OQAM system;
(3) After the data streams received from different antennas are processed in the step (2), extracting pilot signals corresponding to the transmitting antennas, wherein the transmitting end of the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system knows the specific positions of the pilot signals in the data, and the receiving end extracts the data of the corresponding positions from the pilot signals to obtain channel responses at the pilot positions;
(4) Processing different data streams through the step (3) to obtain channel responses at pilot frequency positions, and carrying out channel estimation on the positions of the residual pilot frequency subcarriers in a linear interpolation estimation mode so as to obtain all information of channel estimation sequences of each data stream;
(5) The receiving end completes the information symbol level demodulation of each received data stream according to the demodulation process of the FBMC system by utilizing the channel estimation value obtained by each data stream;
(6) And (3) carrying out MIMO equalization processing on the demodulated data in the step (5) so as to compensate the influence of a multipath channel on a transmission signal, then carrying out OQAM demodulation on the obtained equalized signal, and finally completing the output of effective bit information through parallel-serial conversion.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the pilot frequency structure channel estimation method can effectively eliminate inter-symbol interference and inter-subcarrier interference caused by multipath interference, thereby improving the channel estimation accuracy of the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system. Meanwhile, the pilot frequency structure has lower signal peak-to-average power ratio, reduces the linear requirement of the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system on the high-power amplifier, can provide better error rate and mean square error performance than the traditional classical pilot frequency structure channel estimation method, and improves the accuracy of channel estimation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art spatially multiplexed MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pilot structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a simulated comparison chart of error rates of the pilot frequency structure channel estimation method and the 4 traditional pilot frequency structure channel estimation methods under Pedestrian A channel path fading channels.
Fig. 4 is a graph of mean square error simulation comparison between the pilot structure channel estimation method of the present invention and 4 conventional pilot structure channel estimation methods under Pedestrian A channel path fading channel.
Fig. 5 is a signal amplitude simulation diagram of a pilot structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a signal amplitude simulation diagram of an IAM-C pilot structure.
Fig. 7 is a signal amplitude simulation diagram of an E-IAM-C pilot structure.
Fig. 8 is a signal amplitude simulation of an ICM pilot structure.
Fig. 9 is a signal amplitude simulation diagram of the NPS pilot structure.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art spatially multiplexed MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system. The system comprises a transmitting end and a receiving end, wherein the transmitting end comprises serial-parallel conversion and an FBMC modulation module, the receiving end comprises an FBMC demodulation module, an MIMO equalization module, an OQAM demodulation module and parallel-serial conversion, the system further comprises an MIMO channel and a pilot frequency structure, the pilot frequency structure corresponds to the number of transmitting antennas one by one, the number of transmitting antennas of the system is an integer power of 2, the pilot frequency sequence of each antenna consists of segment symbol sequences, the number of the pilot frequency sequences is 3 times that of the number of the transmitting antennas, the system is provided with subcarriers, and the number of symbols of each segment symbol sequence is the same as that of the subcarriers of the system.
Consider an N r ×N t (N r ≥N t ) The j (j=1, 2, the term, N) under the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system can be obtained by expanding the demodulation signal expression of the SISO-FBMC/OQAM channel r ) The received signal expression on the root receive antenna is:
wherein,real signal transmitted on the ith antenna for time-frequency lattice point (m, n),/>For the channel gain between the ith transmit and jth receive antennas,/for>For Gaussian noise introduced on the jth antenna, < >>The inherent interference term of the FBMC/OQAM system is as follows:
in the middle of<g p,q |g m,n >Representing the inner product operation g p,q And gm ,n Representing the subcarrier basis functions at different time points.
The received signals on the receiving antennas at the time-frequency grid points (m, n) can be obtained by matrixing the formula (1):
r m,n ＝H m,n (a m,n +ju m,n )+η m,n (3)
wherein,H m,n is N r ×N t Channel frequency domain response matrix of (a), namely:
the equivalent transmitted symbol vector form of the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system can be expressed as:
c m,n ＝a m,n +ju m,n (5)
when the number of transmitting antennas is 2, the antenna 1 pilot structure is formed by repeating 1 group of pilot symbols, the antenna 2 pilot structure is formed by 1 group of pilot symbols and pilot symbols with opposite sign, the pilot symbol groups of two antennas can form a 2-order orthogonal matrix
The pilot symbol group matrix is a Hadamard matrix, and the matrix is an orthogonal square matrix formed by 1 and-1.
For a 2x2 MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system, the received symbols at time n=2, 5 can be written according to equation (3) as:
fig. 2 shows the pilot structure sequence of the present invention. For an FBMC/OQAM system with a good time-frequency characteristic filter bank, the interference mainly comes from the first order domain, then for a MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system using the pilot structure of the present invention, there is approximatelyThe substitution is as follows:
wherein a is a hadamard orthogonal matrix.
Equivalent pilot symbol c in equation (7) m The measured known quantity can be calculated in advance for one. The channel frequency domain response at the subcarrier m is
Through the analysis, the FBMC/OQAM technology can be conveniently combined with MIMO, so that the communication system has the advantages of the two technologies.
The pilot structure of the present invention as shown in fig. 2 is composed of a set of pilot symbols consisting of three pilot sequences, the first and third pilot sequences of the set of pilot symbols are all 1's, and the second pilot sequence is a 1-1 cross sequence. And selecting a corresponding pilot frequency structure according to the number of the transmitting antennas. The symbol sequences of the first section, the third section, the fourth section and the sixth section on the first root antenna are all 1 symbol sequences, and the symbol sequences of the second section and the fifth section are 1, -1 cross sequences. On the other antenna, the first three pilot symbol sequences are the same as those on the first antenna, and the last three pilot symbol sequences are opposite in sign to those on the same position of the first antenna. Pairs of interference energy of the pilot structure sequence at the third and fourth segment pilot symbol positions versus the conventional 2 methods are shown in tables 1 and 2. The extra interference energy of the pilot structure sequence at the 2 nd and 5 th pilot sequences is similar to that of NPS and is partially larger than IC. In the interference of the 3 rd and 4 th pilot sequences, the antenna 1 has different interference magnitudes in part, but in the interference of the antenna 2, most of the interference of the pilot structure sequence of the present invention in the two symbol sequences is smaller than the IC pilot structure and the NPS pilot structure, so that it can be concluded that it is better.
Table 1 comparison of additional interference energy at the third and fourth segment pilot symbols at antenna 1
Table 2 is the additional interference energy versus at the third and fourth segment pilot symbols at antenna 2
The invention can provide MIMO-FBMC/OQAM signals with lower peak-to-average ratio, thereby reducing the linearity requirement of the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system on the high-power amplifier. The method can provide better error rate and mean square error performance than the traditional classical pilot structure channel estimation method, improves the accuracy of channel estimation, and is particularly shown in fig. 3-9, wherein fig. 3 is the simulation comparison of error rates of the pilot structure channel estimation method and 4 traditional pilot structure channel estimation methods under Pedestrian A channel path fading channels, fig. 4 is the simulation comparison graph of mean square errors of the pilot structure channel estimation method and 4 traditional pilot structure channel estimation methods under Pedestrian A channel path fading channels, and fig. 5-9 are the simulation comparison graphs of signal amplitudes of the pilot structure and other 4 pilot structures, and the comparison of peak-to-average values is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Peak-to-average comparison Table for the invention and other 4 pilots
| IAM-C | E-IAM-C | ICM | NPS | The invention is that | |
| Peak-to-average ratio | 104.81 | 230.91 | 140.09 | 188.41 | 140.1 |
The pilot channel estimation method can effectively eliminate the inter-symbol interference and the inter-subcarrier interference caused by multipath interference, thereby improving the channel estimation accuracy of the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system. Meanwhile, the pilot frequency structure has lower signal peak-to-average power ratio, reduces the linear requirement of the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system on the high-power amplifier, can provide better error rate and mean square error performance than the traditional classical pilot frequency structure channel estimation method, and improves the accuracy of channel estimation.
Claims (2)
1. A pilot frequency structure based on MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system, characterized by that the number of transmitting antennas of MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system is two, the first section, third section, fourth section and sixth section symbol sequence on the first antenna are all 1 symbol sequences, the second section and fifth section symbol sequences are 1, -1 cross sequences; on the other antenna, the first three pilot symbol sequences are the same as those on the first antenna, and the last three pilot symbol sequences are opposite in sign to those on the same position of the first antenna.
2. The channel estimation method based on the pilot structure of the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) The pilot frequency sequences are stored or generated at the transmitting end and the receiving end of the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system;
(2) Different antennas at the receiving end of the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system receive different data stream signals, and the received data streams of different antennas are respectively processed according to the processing method of the FBMC/OQAM system;
(3) After the data streams received from different antennas are processed in the step (2), extracting pilot signals corresponding to the transmitting antennas, wherein the transmitting end of the MIMO-FBMC/OQAM system knows the specific positions of the pilot signals in the data, and the receiving end extracts the data of the corresponding positions from the pilot signals to obtain channel responses at the pilot positions;
(4) Processing different data streams through the step (3) to obtain channel responses at pilot frequency positions, and carrying out channel estimation on the positions of the residual pilot frequency subcarriers in a linear interpolation estimation mode so as to obtain all information of channel estimation sequences of each data stream;
(5) The receiving end completes the information symbol level demodulation of each received data stream according to the demodulation process of the FBMC system by utilizing the channel estimation value obtained by each data stream;
(6) And (3) carrying out MIMO equalization processing on the demodulated data in the step (5) so as to compensate the influence of a multipath channel on a transmission signal, then carrying out OQAM demodulation on the obtained equalized signal, and finally completing the output of effective bit information through parallel-serial conversion.
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| CN109450827A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-03-08 | 武汉邮电科学研究院有限公司 | Channel estimation methods and system based on next-generation wireless waveform FBMC-OQAM |
| CN113347121B (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2022-05-20 | 华中科技大学 | Channel estimation method and system based on multi-carrier system pilot frequency optimization design |
| CN115001922B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2024-05-24 | 华中科技大学 | Method, device and system for quickly recovering multi-carrier symbols with low pilot frequency overhead |
| CN114884792B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2024-05-24 | 华中科技大学 | High-precision multi-carrier symbol quick recovery method, device and system |
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| CN101447967A (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2009-06-03 | 电子科技大学 | Pilot frequency sequence structure used in OFDM/OQAM system and the construction method thereof |
| CN103281265A (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2013-09-04 | 电子科技大学 | Pilot sequence structure in MIMO-OFDM/OQAM (Multi-input Multi-output-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing/Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) system and channel estimation method |
| CN104954300A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-09-30 | 电子科技大学 | Auxiliary pilot-based channel estimation method for filter bank based multicarrier (FBMC) system |
| CN106888178A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-06-23 | 桂林电子科技大学 | A kind of OFDM/OQAM system channel estimation methods |
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| JP5896026B2 (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2016-03-30 | 日本電気株式会社 | Receiving device, transmitting / receiving terminal, propagation delay time measuring method, and computer program |
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| CN101447967A (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2009-06-03 | 电子科技大学 | Pilot frequency sequence structure used in OFDM/OQAM system and the construction method thereof |
| CN103281265A (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2013-09-04 | 电子科技大学 | Pilot sequence structure in MIMO-OFDM/OQAM (Multi-input Multi-output-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing/Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) system and channel estimation method |
| CN104954300A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-09-30 | 电子科技大学 | Auxiliary pilot-based channel estimation method for filter bank based multicarrier (FBMC) system |
| CN106888178A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-06-23 | 桂林电子科技大学 | A kind of OFDM/OQAM system channel estimation methods |
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