CN108645534B - Train axle temperature wheel temperature on-line monitoring system based on fiber grating - Google Patents
Train axle temperature wheel temperature on-line monitoring system based on fiber grating Download PDFInfo
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- CN108645534B CN108645534B CN201810509580.5A CN201810509580A CN108645534B CN 108645534 B CN108645534 B CN 108645534B CN 201810509580 A CN201810509580 A CN 201810509580A CN 108645534 B CN108645534 B CN 108645534B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a train axle temperature wheel temperature online monitoring system based on fiber bragg gratings, relates to a temperature measuring device, and particularly relates to a temperature monitoring system for train wheels and axles. The system aims to solve the problems that the traditional train wheel temperature and axle temperature monitoring system is complex in structure, easy to be interfered by electromagnetic radiation and interference, easy to be interfered by a non-contact infrared temperature measurement mode and limited in temperature measurement range of an electronic axle temperature sensor, and comprises a fiber grating wheel temperature sensor, a fiber grating axle temperature sensor, a fiber grating external environment temperature sensor and a fiber grating wheel temperature and axle temperature data acquisition module; the sensor has simple structure, and the train wheel temperature and shaft temperature monitoring system has simple structure and is convenient to install; the temperature states of the wheels and the axles can be monitored in real time, faults can be analyzed and judged in advance, and the running safety of the train is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a temperature measuring device, in particular to a temperature monitoring system for train wheels and axles.
Background
In recent years, with the progress of science and technology, the speed of a railway train is faster and heavier, the load is heavier and heavier, the requirement of rapid development of national economy is met, and with the increase of the speed and the increase of the load, the safety performance requirement of the train is higher and higher.
The axle and the wheels are important parts for ensuring the running of the train, when the train runs normally, the brake pads and the wheels are in an open state, if the brake pads and the wheels are in a closed state, mutual friction can be caused, the wheels are seriously worn, the friction heat is generated, when the abrasion is serious, a large amount of abnormal heat can be generated, if the abrasion is light, the wheels are deformed, and if the abrasion is heavy, the train derailing phenomenon is caused; when the mutual friction between the axle and the bearing increases, it causes severe wear of the axle and the bearing, and also causes frictional heat generation. When the abrasion is serious, a large amount of abnormal heating can be generated, the train body is deformed if the abnormal heating is slight, and the phenomenon of derailment of the train due to axle cutting and axle burning is caused if the abnormal heating is serious. Therefore, if the fault cannot be timely warned and repaired, even serious accidents such as train derailment and the like can be caused, and the life and property safety of passengers is endangered.
The traditional contact electronic temperature measuring sensor cannot be arranged on a wheel rotating at a high speed when the temperature of the wheel is measured, but a non-contact infrared temperature measuring mode is easily interfered by factors such as dust, wind, sand and the like, so that the temperature measuring effect is influenced, and even the temperature measuring sensor cannot work normally; meanwhile, the temperature measuring range of the electronic type shaft temperature sensor is limited.
And traditional train wheel temperature axle temperature monitoring system structure is complicated, and electronic type sensor receives external environment factor's influence easily, leads to the temperature measurement inaccurate, causes the false positive, like electromagnetic radiation and the interference that produces when the train moves fast, and high-speed air current blows and makes the measured temperature be less than actual temperature etc. on the sensor surface, and high low temperature alternation, waterproof and antidetonation etc. lead to sensor life short simultaneously.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that a traditional train wheel temperature and shaft temperature monitoring system is easily subjected to electromagnetic radiation and interference, and provides a train wheel temperature and shaft temperature online monitoring system based on fiber bragg gratings.
The invention discloses a train axle temperature wheel temperature on-line monitoring system based on fiber bragg grating, which comprises
The positive integer number of fiber grating wheel temperature sensors are arranged at the axle and used for collecting the temperature of the axle in real time;
the positive integer number of fiber bragg grating shaft temperature sensors are arranged on the carriage and face the wheels, and are used for collecting the temperature of the wheels in real time;
the fiber bragg grating external environment temperature sensor is arranged outside the carriage and used for collecting the external environment temperature in real time;
the fiber grating wheel temperature shaft temperature data acquisition module is used for providing working light sources for the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor, the fiber grating shaft temperature sensor and the fiber grating external environment temperature sensor; receiving wheel temperature optical signals, axle temperature optical signals and external environment temperature optical signals reflected by a fiber grating wheel temperature sensor, a fiber grating axle temperature sensor and a fiber grating external environment temperature sensor; and processing and demodulating the wheel temperature optical signal, the axle temperature optical signal and the external environment temperature optical signal to obtain the current corresponding central wavelengths of the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor, the fiber grating axle temperature sensor and the fiber grating external environment temperature sensor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor, the fiber grating shaft temperature sensor and the fiber grating external environment temperature sensor all adopt fiber gratings as temperature measuring elements, and have the advantages of wide temperature measuring range, interference resistance, high precision, strong wind and water resistance and good long-term use stability;
2) the sensor has simple structure, and the train wheel temperature and shaft temperature monitoring system has simple structure and is convenient to install;
3) the fiber grating temperature sensor is arranged outside the train carriage and used for measuring the ambient temperature, carrying out real-time temperature compensation on the wheel temperature sensor and the axle temperature sensor, increasing the measurement precision of the whole system, monitoring the temperature states of the wheels and the axles in real time, and improving the safety of train operation, wherein the analysis and pre-judgment accuracy rate of the heating type faults of the wheels and the axles reaches nearly 100 percent in advance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a module of a train axle temperature wheel temperature online monitoring system based on fiber bragg gratings according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber grating wheel temperature sensor of the fiber grating-based train axle temperature wheel temperature online monitoring system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a cross-sectional structure of a fiber grating wheel temperature sensor of the fiber grating-based train axle temperature wheel temperature online monitoring system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber grating axle temperature sensor of the fiber grating-based train axle temperature wheel temperature online monitoring system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber grating axle temperature sensor of the on-line train axle temperature wheel temperature monitoring system based on fiber grating in a side view and in a cross-sectional view;
FIG. 6 is a schematic overall layout diagram of the on-line train axle temperature wheel temperature monitoring system based on fiber bragg grating on a single carriage;
FIG. 7 is a schematic layout diagram of the online train axle temperature wheel temperature monitoring system based on fiber bragg gratings on each bogie;
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a temperature control circuit of the on-line train axle temperature wheel temperature monitoring system based on fiber bragg grating according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a constant current driving circuit of the on-line train axle temperature wheel temperature monitoring system based on fiber bragg gratings according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a circuit diagram of a photoelectric conversion circuit of the train axle temperature wheel temperature online monitoring system based on the fiber grating.
Detailed Description
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in figure 1, the train axle temperature wheel temperature on-line monitoring system based on the fiber bragg grating comprises
The positive integer number of fiber grating wheel temperature sensors 1 are arranged at the axle and used for collecting the temperature of the axle in real time;
the positive integer number of fiber bragg grating shaft temperature sensors 2 are arranged on the carriage and face the wheels, and are used for collecting the temperature of the wheels in real time;
the fiber bragg grating external environment temperature sensor 3 is arranged outside the carriage and used for collecting the external environment temperature in real time;
the fiber grating wheel temperature axis data acquisition module 4 is used for providing working light sources for the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor 1, the fiber grating axis temperature sensor 2 and the fiber grating external environment temperature sensor 3; receiving wheel temperature optical signals, axle temperature optical signals and external environment temperature optical signals reflected by the fiber bragg grating wheel temperature sensor 1, the fiber bragg grating axle temperature sensor 2 and the fiber bragg grating external environment temperature sensor 3; and the wheel temperature optical signal, the axle temperature optical signal and the external environment temperature optical signal are processed and demodulated to obtain the current corresponding central wavelengths of the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor 1, the fiber grating axle temperature sensor 2 and the fiber grating external environment temperature sensor 3.
Since the 70 s, the optical fiber sensing technology is widely concerned by the industry, and the optical fiber grating sensor has the advantages of small volume, high precision, corrosion resistance, high sensitivity, long service life, electromagnetic interference resistance, no need of power supply and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of petrochemical industry, tunnel fire, bridge structures, railway safety monitoring and the like. The demodulation principle of the fiber grating sensor is that the central wavelength of the fiber grating is influenced by external factors to change, and the change of the external factors can be known only by knowing the variable quantity of the central wavelength of the fiber grating, so that the fiber grating demodulation system is the key of the fiber grating sensing technology.
The fiber grating is a phase grating formed by writing a coherent field pattern of incident light into a fiber core by ultraviolet light exposure using the photosensitivity of the fiber material, and generating a periodic variation of the refractive index in the fiber core along the axial direction of the fiber core, which essentially forms a narrow-band (transmissive or reflective) filter or mirror in the fiber core. When one beam of broad spectrum light passes through the fiber grating, the wavelength meeting the fiber grating Bragg condition is reflected, and the rest of the wavelength is transmitted continuously through the fiber grating.
The fiber grating wheel temperature sensor 1, the fiber grating shaft temperature sensor 2 and the fiber grating external environment temperature sensor 3 are all of fiber grating structures, the reflected central wavelength can sensitively change according to the external temperature, and finally the central wavelength of each optical signal is obtained through demodulation of the fiber grating wheel temperature shaft temperature data acquisition module 4, so that the measured temperature is obtained.
Detailed description of the invention
The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor 1 comprises a wheel temperature sensor housing 5, a glass window 6, a wheel temperature measuring fiber grating 7 and a black body structure 8;
a glass window body 6 is hermetically arranged on one side wall of the wheel temperature sensor shell 5; a sheet-shaped metal substrate 9 is transversely arranged in the wheel temperature sensor shell 5, one surface of the metal substrate 9 faces the glass window body 6, and a black body structure 8 is filled between the metal substrate and the glass window body 6; the other side of the metal matrix 9 is fixed with a wheel temperature measurement fiber grating 7, the wheel temperature measurement fiber grating 7 is positioned in the wheel temperature sensor shell 5, and the wheel temperature optical signal output end of the wheel temperature measurement fiber grating 7 is connected with the optical signal input and output end of the fiber grating wheel temperature shaft temperature data acquisition module 4 through an optical cable.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the wheel temperature fiber grating 7 is packaged on the metal matrix 9 and led out through an optical cable, a sealing rubber plug is installed at the front end of the armored optical cable, the upper surface of the metal matrix 9 is tightly attached to the black body structure 8, heat-conducting silicone grease is coated on the contact surface of the metal matrix and the black body structure, a window is formed in the surface of the wheel temperature sensor shell 5, and the glass window 6 is installed on the window. The wheel temperature sensor shell 5 is also provided with a cover plate 26 for covering, the fixed wheel temperature measurement fiber grating 7, the black body structure 8 and the metal matrix 9 can be installed in the wheel temperature measurement fiber grating 7, and then the cover plate 26 is fixedly installed on the wheel temperature sensor shell 5 through fastening screws.
The wheel temperature measurement fiber grating 7 is packaged on the metal matrix 9, and the metal matrix 9 plays a role in protecting the fiber grating and also plays a role in sensitizing the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor 1, so that the measurement precision is improved. The metal matrix 9 can be made of thin copper plates, so that the wheel temperature measurement fiber grating 7 cannot be easily bent and vibrated, and meanwhile, the specific heat capacity is small, and the temperature balance is fast.
The black body structure 8 is based on a photothermal conversion film, is an ideal structure which is close to complete absorption of external radiation, can be regarded as transmission and reflection phenomena without radiation, can convert all infrared radiation transmitted by the glass window body 6 into heat, and increases temperature measurement precision.
The optical cable can adopt an armored optical cable, the armored optical cable is installed on the side of the wheel temperature sensor shell 5 through a fixing piece, the front end of the armored optical cable is located at the outlet of the wheel temperature sensor shell 5, a sealing rubber plug is installed at the outlet of the wheel temperature sensor shell, the front end of the armored optical cable is sealed through a sealant, and the sensor is guaranteed to be sealed and waterproof. The armored optical cable is specifically made of spiral steel strip armoring, aramid fiber and metal woven nets, is tensile, rolling-resistant and mouse-bite-resistant, and can be prevented from being broken and bent during installation and use.
Detailed description of the invention
The third embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that a heat insulating structure 10 is filled between the other surface of the metal base 9 and the inner wall of the wheel temperature sensor housing 5.
As shown in fig. 3, the lower surface of the metal substrate 9 is surrounded by the thermal insulation structure 10, and the thermal insulation structure 10 surrounds the wheel temperature measurement fiber grating 7 and the metal substrate 9 by using the high temperature resistant aluminum silicate ceramic fiber cotton with the thickness of 10 mm-12 mm, so that the loss of heat can be avoided, and the heat converted by the black body structure 8 is completely acted on the fiber grating, thereby ensuring the measurement accuracy.
Detailed description of the invention
The fourth embodiment is different from the second or third embodiment in that, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor 1 is fixed on a bogie of a carriage, and the glass window 6 of the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor 1 faces a wheel and can be arranged at a position facing the wheel and a brake pad; the fiber grating wheel temperature sensors 1 correspond to the wheels one by one. Generally, two bogies are arranged below each carriage, and four wheels are arranged on each bogie, so that the number of the fiber grating wheel temperature sensors 1 is 8. The wheel temperature optical signal output ends of all the fiber grating wheel temperature sensors 1 are collected in the nearby fiber junction boxes 28, and then are transmitted to the fiber grating wheel temperature shaft temperature data acquisition module 4 through the multi-core armored optical cable.
As shown in fig. 2, the cover plate 26 is provided with a mounting hole for mounting and fixing the sensor, the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor 1 adopts a non-contact temperature measurement mode, and is mounted near the wheel and facing the wheel through the mounting hole of the cover plate 26, and the principle is that the collected infrared radiation is converted into heat by using the black body structure 8 and then acts on the wheel temperature measurement fiber grating 7 by adopting the infrared radiation heating principle.
Detailed description of the invention
The fifth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the fiber bragg grating axial temperature sensor 2 includes a probe 11, a heat preservation shell 12, a heat conduction column 13, a heat conduction base 14 and an axle temperature measurement fiber bragg grating 15;
the outer wall of the columnar probe 11 is provided with threads, the inner part of the columnar probe is provided with a cavity, and the cavity end of the columnar probe 11 and the columnar heat-insulating shell 12 are sealed and fixed to form a shell of the shaft temperature sensor; the axle temperature sensor shell is internally provided with a heat conduction column 13, the heat conduction column 13 is internally provided with a heat conduction matrix 14, the heat conduction matrix 14 is internally provided with an axle temperature measurement fiber grating 15 in a sealing way, and the axle temperature signal light output end of the axle temperature measurement fiber grating 15 is connected with the light signal input and output end of the fiber grating wheel temperature axle temperature data acquisition module 4 through an optical cable.
The axle temperature measurement fiber bragg grating 15 is packaged in the heat conduction base body 14 and led out through an optical cable, and a sealing rubber plug is arranged at the front end of the optical cable, namely the outlet of the axle temperature sensor shell; the heat-conducting matrix 14 is arranged in the heat-conducting column 13, and a gap between the heat-conducting matrix and the heat-conducting column is filled with heat-conducting silicone grease; one end of the heat conduction column 13 is inserted into the heat preservation shell 12 and fixed through a fixing piece, the outer side of the other end is provided with the probe 11, and a gap between the probe 11 and the heat conduction column 13 is filled with heat conduction silicone grease; and the probe 11 and the insulating case 12 are fixed by fixing screws 27.
The axle temperature measurement fiber grating 15 is packaged in the heat conduction substrate 14, and the heat conduction substrate 14 plays a role in protecting the axle temperature measurement fiber grating 15 and also plays a role in sensitizing the fiber grating axle temperature sensor 2.
The two ends of the probe 11 are provided with threads, the middle of the probe is of a hexagonal structure, the threads at the front end are used for installing the whole axle temperature measuring fiber grating 15 on an axle of a train, the threads at the rear end are used for being fixedly connected with the heat preservation shell 12 through the internal threads of the fixing screw 27, and meanwhile, the outer wall of the fixing screw 27 is of a hexagonal structure, so that the whole fiber grating axle temperature sensor 2 can be conveniently locked on the axle by using tools such as a wrench.
The heat conducting column 13, the probe 11, the fixing screw 27 and the heat preservation shell 12 are all of a columnar structure with abutting end faces, the heat conducting column 13, the probe 11 and the fixing screw 27 are all made of copper materials, the end faces are in tight contact, and the heat conducting performance is good.
The optical cable can adopt an armored optical cable, the armored optical cable is installed on the side of the heat preservation shell 12 through a fixing piece, and the side outgoing mode can reduce the installation space. And the front end of the armored optical cable is positioned at the outlet of the heat preservation shell 12, and is provided with a sealing rubber plug and sealed by a sealant, so that the sealing and the water proofing of the sensor are ensured. The armored optical cable is specifically made of spiral steel strip armoring, aramid fiber and metal woven nets, is tensile, rolling-resistant and mouse-bite-resistant, and can be prevented from being broken and bent during installation and use.
Detailed description of the invention
The difference between the sixth embodiment and the fifth embodiment is that, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, two fiber grating shaft temperature sensors 2 are mounted on each axle, and the two fiber grating shaft temperature sensors 2 are mounted at two ends of the axle through the threads of the probe 11, respectively, and can be mounted at two ends of the axle near each bearing.
Generally, two bogies are arranged below each carriage, and each bogie is provided with two axles, so that the number of the fiber bragg grating axle temperature sensors 2 is 8. The axle temperature optical signal output ends of the fiber grating axle temperature sensors 2 are collected in the fiber junction box 28 near the fiber grating axle temperature sensors 2, and then are transmitted to the fiber grating wheel axle temperature data acquisition module 4 through a multi-core armored optical cable.
Fiber grating axle temperature sensor 2 adopts contact temperature measurement mode, installs in the easy heating department of axletree through the screw thread of probe 11, and 15 encapsulation of axletree temperature measurement fiber grating are inside at axle temperature sensor casing, and through the heat conduction post 13 with the heat conduction of axletree to axletree temperature measurement fiber grating 15 departments, fiber grating axle temperature sensor 2 adopts the side mode of being qualified for the next round of competitions, reduces installation space, uses the protection of heat preservation shell 12, avoids receiving the interference of natural environment factor, influences measurement accuracy.
Detailed description of the invention
The seventh embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that an external environment temperature optical signal output end of the fiber grating external environment temperature sensor 3 is connected with an optical signal input/output end of the fiber grating wheel temperature shaft temperature data acquisition module 4.
The measurement results of the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor 1 and the fiber grating shaft temperature sensor 2 are affected by environmental factors, for example, when a train runs fast, the measured temperature is lower than the actual temperature, and the measured temperature is higher than the actual temperature due to solar illumination in summer, so the fiber grating external environment temperature sensor 3 needs to be used for compensating the measurement result, the fiber grating external environment temperature sensor 3 is placed in a natural environment to measure the temperature of the environment in real time, and the actual temperature value is obtained by deducting the environmental temperature measured by the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor 1 from the measurement results of the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor 1 and the fiber grating shaft temperature sensor 2.
Detailed description of the invention
The eighth specific embodiment differs from the first, second, fifth or seventh specific embodiments in that, as shown in fig. 1, the fiber grating wheel temperature axis data acquisition module 4 includes a processor 16, a temperature control circuit 17, a constant current drive circuit 18, a DFB (distributed feedback) laser 19, a TEC (semiconductor cooler) cooling plate 20, a heat sink 21, a fiber coupler 22, a photoelectric conversion circuit 23 and an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) amplification circuit 24;
the temperature control signal output end of the processor 16 is electrically connected with the temperature control signal input end of the temperature control circuit 17, and the temperature control voltage output end of the temperature control circuit 17 is electrically connected with the temperature control voltage input end of the TEC refrigeration piece 20;
the constant current control signal output end of the processor 16 is electrically connected with the constant current control signal input end of the constant current driving circuit 18, and the constant current output end of the constant current driving circuit 18 is electrically connected with the constant current input end of the DFB laser 19;
the cold end of the TEC refrigeration piece 20 is tightly attached to the DFB laser 19, and the hot end of the TEC refrigeration piece 20 is provided with a radiator 21;
the laser output end of the DFB laser 19 is connected with the optical signal input end of the optical fiber coupler 22 through an optical fiber; the DFB laser model can adopt a DFB-1550-I-N-I-SM laser.
An optical signal output end of the optical fiber coupler 22 is connected with an optical signal input end of the photoelectric conversion circuit 23, an electrical signal output end of the photoelectric conversion circuit 23 is connected with an electrical signal input end of the ADC amplification circuit 24, and an electrical signal output end of the ADC amplification circuit 24 is connected with an electrical signal input end of the processor 16.
The processor 16 outputs two paths of DAC signals, namely a current signal DAC1 (constant current control signal) and a voltage signal DAC2 (temperature control signal), the DAC1 enters the constant current driving circuit 18 to provide constant current required by normal work for the DFB laser 19, the output light power of the DFB laser 19 changes along with the change of the current signal, and the output light power of the DFB laser 19 can be adjusted according to actual conditions, so that the output light power is controllable.
Meanwhile, the processor 16 controls the temperature control circuit 17 to output a voltage signal DAC2 changing along with time to the TEC refrigeration chip 20, the DAC2 is a triangular wave changing along with the periphery and provides a reference voltage for the temperature control circuit 17, and the temperature of the cold end of the TEC refrigeration chip 20 is set according to the size of the reference voltage, so that the temperature change of the DFB laser is ensured to be periodic and regular. And the cold end temperature of the TEC refrigeration plate 20 is used to rapidly and stably reach the set temperature through the ADN8831 temperature control chip and the PID control circuit in the temperature control circuit 17.
As shown in fig. 8, the PID temperature control compensation circuit in the temperature control circuit 17 is composed of C7, C9, C10, R14, R19, and R20, and is used to implement characteristic matching between the control circuit and the thermal load, and implement the fastest corresponding speed and temperature control stability, and the PID compensation circuit is respectively composed of proportional amplification KP, integral TI, and differential TD circuits:
TI＝C9R19+C7R20
the proportion is adjusted according to the temperature deviation, and the proportion plays a role in quick adjustment in the system; the integral function is adjusted according to whether the temperature deviation exists or not, and the integral function is used for eliminating the deviation in the system; the differential action is based on the speed of change of the temperature deviation and plays a role of advance regulation in the system.
When actual temperature and set temperature take place the deviation, PID temperature control compensation circuit can return a signal for ADN8831 temperature control chip, ADN8831 temperature control chip can make the judgement according to the signal that returns, for TEC refrigeration piece 20 provides a corresponding electric current, drive TEC refrigeration piece 20 heats or refrigerates, PID temperature control compensation circuit can return not equidimensional signal according to real-time temperature, through ADN8831 temperature control chip adjustment drive TEC refrigeration piece 20's electric current size, in order to guarantee that the temperature can be fast steady maintain at the set temperature.
The PID temperature control methods described above are all disclosed in the prior art.
The cold end of the TEC refrigeration piece 20 is tightly attached to the DFB laser 19, the distance between the two is reduced, the temperature can quickly reach a stable state, when the temperature of the TEC refrigeration piece 20 changes, the temperature of the inner core of the DFB laser 19 can quickly reach a set temperature point, meanwhile, the hot end of the TEC refrigeration piece 20 is tightly attached to the radiator 21, heat conduction silicone grease is coated in the middle, good heat dissipation is guaranteed, heat generated by the TEC refrigeration piece 20 can be quickly dissipated, and temperature runaway caused by heat accumulation is prevented.
Under the action of the temperature control circuit 17 and the constant current drive circuit 18, the DFB laser 19 outputs a laser whose central wavelength changes with the temperature, the laser is output to each sensing channel through the fiber coupler 22 and enters the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor 1, the fiber grating shaft temperature sensor 2 and the fiber grating external environment temperature sensor 3, when a certain sensor with the same central wavelength as the output laser is encountered, an optical signal is reflected, if the central wavelength of the sensor is different from the central wavelength of the output laser, the optical signal is not reflected, the reflected optical signal is coupled to the corresponding photoelectric conversion circuit 23 through the fiber coupler 22, then the optical signal is converted into a digital voltage signal through the ADC amplification circuit 24 and is transmitted to the processor 16, the processor 16 can demodulate the central wavelength of the sensor according to an algorithm, the demodulated central wavelength of each sensor is packaged at the processor 16, the data can be sent to an upper computer for further processing and storage through transmission modes such as Ethernet, RS232 or RS 485.
The photoelectric conversion circuit 23 can be an InGaAs PIN photodiode, the device has high response speed and high responsivity peak, and can convert an optical power signal into a weak current signal, wherein the optical power is in direct proportion to the current.
The ADC amplifying circuit 24 amplifies the weak current signal and converts the amplified current signal into a voltage signal, and the digital signal obtained by the ADC amplifying circuit is uploaded to the processor 16.
Detailed description of the invention
The ninth embodiment differs from the eighth embodiment in that the processor 16 is an STM32 series of processors. An optional development board is the ALIENTEK explorer STM32F4, model STM32 is STM32F407ZET 6.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
The tenth embodiment is different from the first or ninth embodiment in that the optical fiber grating wheel temperature sensor further includes a communication module 25, which is configured to transmit the currently corresponding center wavelengths of the optical fiber grating wheel temperature sensor 1, the optical fiber grating shaft temperature sensor 2, and the optical fiber grating external environment temperature sensor 3 to an upper computer.
Claims (9)
1. The train axle temperature wheel temperature on-line monitoring system based on the fiber grating comprises
The positive integer number of fiber bragg grating shaft temperature sensors (2) are arranged at the axle and used for collecting the temperature of the axle in real time;
the positive integer number of fiber grating wheel temperature sensors (1) are arranged on the carriage and face the wheels, and are used for acquiring the temperature of the wheels in real time;
the fiber bragg grating external environment temperature sensor (3) is arranged outside the carriage and used for collecting the external environment temperature in real time;
the fiber grating wheel temperature shaft temperature data acquisition module (4) is used for providing working light sources for the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor (1), the fiber grating shaft temperature sensor (2) and the fiber grating external environment temperature sensor (3); receiving wheel temperature optical signals, axle temperature optical signals and external environment temperature optical signals reflected by a fiber grating wheel temperature sensor (1), a fiber grating axle temperature sensor (2) and a fiber grating external environment temperature sensor (3); processing and demodulating the wheel temperature optical signal, the axle temperature optical signal and the external environment temperature optical signal to obtain the currently corresponding central wavelengths of the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor (1), the fiber grating axle temperature sensor (2) and the fiber grating external environment temperature sensor (3);
the wheel temperature sensor is characterized in that the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor (1) comprises a wheel temperature sensor shell (5), a glass window body (6), a wheel temperature measuring fiber grating (7) and a black body structure (8);
a glass window body (6) is hermetically arranged on one side wall of the wheel temperature sensor shell (5); a sheet-shaped metal base body (9) is transversely arranged in the wheel temperature sensor shell (5), one surface of the metal base body (9) faces the glass window body (6), and a black body structure (8) is filled between the metal base body and the glass window body (6); the other side of the metal base body (9) is fixed with a wheel temperature measurement fiber grating (7), the wheel temperature measurement fiber grating (7) is positioned in the wheel temperature sensor shell (5), and the wheel temperature optical signal output end of the wheel temperature measurement fiber grating (7) is connected with the optical signal input and output end of the fiber grating wheel temperature shaft temperature data acquisition module (4) through an optical cable.
2. The on-line train axle temperature and wheel temperature monitoring system based on the fiber bragg grating as claimed in claim 1, wherein a heat insulation structure (10) is filled between the other surface of the metal matrix (9) and the inner wall of the wheel temperature sensor shell (5).
3. The fiber grating-based train axle temperature wheel temperature online monitoring system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor (1) is fixed on a bogie of a carriage, and a glass window body (6) of the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor (1) is opposite to a wheel; the fiber grating wheel temperature sensors (1) correspond to the wheels one by one.
4. The on-line train axle temperature and wheel temperature monitoring system based on the fiber bragg grating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fiber bragg grating axle temperature sensor (2) comprises a probe (11), a heat insulation shell (12), a heat conduction column (13), a heat conduction base body (14) and an axle temperature measurement fiber bragg grating (15);
the outer wall of the columnar probe (11) is provided with threads, the inner part of the columnar probe is provided with a cavity, and the cavity end of the columnar probe (11) and the columnar heat-insulating shell (12) are sealed and fixed to form a shell of the shaft temperature sensor; the axle temperature sensor is characterized in that a heat-conducting column (13) is arranged in the axle temperature sensor shell, a heat-conducting base body (14) is arranged in the heat-conducting column (13), an axle temperature measuring fiber grating (15) is packaged in the heat-conducting base body (14), and the axle temperature signal light output end of the axle temperature measuring fiber grating (15) is connected with the light signal input and output end of the fiber grating wheel temperature axle temperature data acquisition module (4) through an optical cable.
5. The fiber grating-based train axle temperature and wheel temperature online monitoring system according to claim 4, wherein two fiber grating axle temperature sensors (2) are mounted on each axle, and the two fiber grating axle temperature sensors (2) are respectively mounted at two ends of the axle through threads of the probe (11).
6. The fiber grating-based train axle temperature wheel temperature online monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein an external environment temperature optical signal output end of the fiber grating external environment temperature sensor (3) is connected with an optical signal input/output end of the fiber grating wheel temperature axle temperature data acquisition module (4).
7. The train axle temperature wheel temperature online monitoring system based on the fiber grating as claimed in one of claims 1, 4 or 6, wherein the fiber grating wheel temperature data acquisition module (4) comprises a processor (16), a temperature control circuit (17), a constant current drive circuit (18), a DFB (distributed feedback) laser (19), a TEC (semiconductor cooler) refrigeration chip (20), a radiator (21), a fiber coupler (22), a photoelectric conversion circuit (23) and an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) amplification circuit (24);
the temperature control signal output end of the processor (16) is electrically connected with the temperature control signal input end of the temperature control circuit (17), and the temperature control voltage output end of the temperature control circuit (17) is electrically connected with the temperature control voltage input end of the TEC refrigeration piece (20);
the constant current control signal output end of the processor (16) is electrically connected with the constant current control signal input end of the constant current drive circuit (18), and the constant current output end of the constant current drive circuit (18) is electrically connected with the constant current input end of the DFB laser (19);
the cold end of the TEC refrigeration piece (20) is tightly attached to the DFB laser (19), and the hot end of the TEC refrigeration piece (20) is provided with a radiator (21);
the laser output end of the DFB laser (19) is connected with the optical signal input end of the optical fiber coupler (22) through an optical fiber;
the optical signal output end of the optical fiber coupler (22) is connected with the optical signal input end of the photoelectric conversion circuit (23), the electrical signal output end of the photoelectric conversion circuit (23) is connected with the electrical signal input end of the ADC amplification circuit (24), and the electrical signal output end of the ADC amplification circuit (24) is connected with the electrical signal input end of the processor (16).
8. The on-line train axle temperature and wheel temperature monitoring system based on the fiber bragg grating as claimed in claim 7, wherein the processor (16) is an STM32 series processor.
9. The fiber grating-based train axle temperature wheel temperature online monitoring system according to claim 1 or 8, further comprising a communication module (25) for transmitting the current corresponding center wavelengths of the fiber grating wheel temperature sensor (1), the fiber grating axle temperature sensor (2) and the fiber grating external environment temperature sensor (3) to an upper computer.
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| US20220291024A1 (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2022-09-15 | Brembo S.P.A. | Method and system for interrogating an optical fiber sensor of the fiber bragg grating type, using a tunable optical bandpass filter |
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| CN101413831A (en) * | 2008-11-29 | 2009-04-22 | 大连理工大学 | Method for packaging sensitized optical fiber grating temperature sensor |
| CN202048989U (en) * | 2011-01-14 | 2011-11-23 | 中国铁道科学研究院机车车辆研究所 | Train bearing temperature monitoring device |
| CN102570289B (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2013-07-17 | 北京国科世纪激光技术有限公司 | Temperature controlling and heat radiating system for optical fiber coupling module |
| CN202453114U (en) * | 2012-01-19 | 2012-09-26 | 厦门出入境检验检疫局检验检疫技术中心 | Optical fiber grating temperature sensor |
| CN102927716B (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2015-03-25 | 西北大学 | Automatic temperature control ultralow temperature semiconductor refrigerator and automatic temperature control method thereof |
| CN105444789A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-03-30 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Fiber grating demodulator and temperature control method thereof |
| CN104458055B (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2018-09-11 | 武汉理工大学 | Optical fibre raster package structure and its packaging method for surface temperature measurement |
| US9553689B2 (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2017-01-24 | Inphi Corporation | Temperature insensitive DEMUX/MUX in silicon photonics |
| CN104977098A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-10-14 | 吉林大学 | High-sensitivity fiber grating temperature sensor with fast response speed |
| CN106153224B (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-12-18 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of fiber grating distributed devices and method measuring bearing ring temperature and strain |
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