CN108645336B - Reference-light-free digital holographic camera and calibration method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reference-light-free digital holographic camera and a calibration method. The camera includes: the device comprises an image sensor, a spectroscope, a random phase plate and a diaphragm; a spectroscope, a random phase plate and a diaphragm are sequentially fixed in parallel in front of the image sensor; the beam splitting surface of the spectroscope and the receiving surface of the image sensor form an included angle of 45 degrees, and when light beams enter from the lower part of the spectroscope in a direction vertical to the lower surface of the spectroscope, the light beams are reflected by the beam splitting surface of the spectroscope and then vertically enter the receiving surface of the image sensor; the random phase plate is manufactured by utilizing a micro-nano processing technology, and a plurality of concave units with known depths and coordinates are engraved on the surface of the random phase plate; and when light beams enter from the light through hole of the diaphragm in a direction vertical to the surface of the diaphragm, the light beams vertically enter a receiving surface of the image sensor after sequentially passing through the random phase plate and the spectroscope. After the camera is adopted and calibrated, the quality of the digital holographic imaging without the reference light can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of digital holographic imaging, in particular to a reference-light-free digital holographic camera and a calibration method.
Background
Digital holography is an imaging technique that can simultaneously obtain quantitative amplitude and phase information of object light waves. The general digital holographic imaging is realized based on the principle of light interference, and a beam of known reference light wave is required to interfere with an unknown object light wave to form and record a hologram, and then a reproduced image of an object is obtained by a reproduction method by utilizing the information of the known reference light wave and the information of the hologram. The interference light path structure is complex and has high requirement on environment. In practical application, it is difficult to accurately know the accurate information of the reference light wave under the influence of factors such as environment. Therefore, the method has certain limitation in practical application.
The existing reference-free light holographic imaging method adopts optical ground glass as a diffusion element, the microstructure of the optical ground glass is unknown, and an accurate and complex calibration process is required to determine a transmission matrix of a holographic camera. Similar to sampling theory, the higher the resolution requirements for holographic imaging, the greater the number of transmission matrices that need to be measured. However, due to the limitation of the precision of the calibration system and the influence of environmental interference in the calibration process, the increase of the number of measurements may also increase the error of the transmission matrix, so that the resolution of the imaging result obtained by the conventional method is low, and severe speckle noise exists. And the wavelength is different, the transmission matrix of the holographic camera is also different, when different light waves are used for imaging, the calibration needs to be carried out again, and the realization of color holographic imaging is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a reference-light-free digital holographic camera and a calibration method, so as to improve the quality of reference-light-free digital holographic imaging.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a reference-light-free digital holographic camera, the camera comprising: the device comprises an image sensor, a spectroscope, a random phase plate, a diaphragm and a shell; the spectroscope, the random phase plate and the diaphragm are sequentially fixed in parallel in front of the image sensor, and the spectroscope, the random phase plate and the diaphragm are all arranged in the shell;
the image sensor is an image sensor of a color digital camera; the beam splitting surface of the beam splitter forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the receiving surface of the image sensor, and when light beams enter from the lower part of the beam splitter in a direction vertical to the lower surface of the beam splitter, the light beams are reflected by the beam splitting surface of the beam splitter and then vertically enter the receiving surface of the image sensor;
the random phase plate is manufactured by utilizing a micro-nano processing technology, and a plurality of concave units with known depths and coordinates are engraved on the surface of the random phase plate;
and when light beams enter from the light through hole of the diaphragm in a direction vertical to the surface of the diaphragm, the light beams sequentially pass through the random phase plate and the spectroscope and then vertically enter the receiving surface of the image sensor.
Optionally, the camera further comprises: the polaroid is fixed between the random phase plate and the spectroscope, and the polaroid, the random phase plate and the spectroscope are all parallel.
Optionally, the thickness of the random phase plate is 1-2 mm, the depths of the recess units are different, the depth values of all the recess units meet a random distribution rule, the distribution range of the depth values is (0, 1) μm, and the sizes of the recess units are all 1-100 μm.
Optionally, the housing includes a light-transmitting window, and the light-transmitting window is located at a central position of a lower surface of the spectroscope.
Optionally, the housing further comprises a closing plate for closing the light-transmitting window.
A calibration method of a reference-light-free digital holographic camera, the calibration method comprising:
irradiating light by using a plane to vertically enter a diaphragm; the plane irradiation light enters through a light through hole of the diaphragm, sequentially passes through the random phase plate and the spectroscope and vertically reaches the image sensor;
obtaining an on-axis hologram recorded by an image sensor;
vertically irradiating the spectroscope by using plane reference light; the plane reference light enters through a light-passing window of the shell, is reflected by a light splitting surface of the spectroscope and vertically reaches the image sensor;
obtaining an off-axis hologram recorded by the image sensor;
guiding the high-resolution reconstruction of the on-axis hologram according to the low-resolution information of the off-axis hologram to obtain an intensity image and a phase image of the random phase plate;
determining a relative positional relationship between the random phase plate and the image sensor according to the intensity image and the phase image of the random phase plate; the relative position relationship comprises the projection position of each concave unit on the random phase plate on the image sensor and also comprises the vertical distance between the random phase plate and the image sensor;
obtaining speckle responses of all input fundamental modes by using a numerical calculation method according to the parameters of the random phase plate and the relative position relation to obtain transmission matrixes of the red, green and blue colors of the camera, and completing calibration; the parameters of the random phase plate comprise the thickness of the random phase plate and the positions, depths and sizes of all the concave units.
Optionally, the planar illumination light has coherence with the planar reference light.
Optionally, the obtaining of the transmission matrix of the three colors of red, green, and blue of the camera to complete calibration further includes:
and closing a light through window on the shell.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
since the microstructure of the random phase plate serving as the diffusion element in the invention is known, the relative position between the random phase plate and the image sensor is determined only through a simple process in the calibration process, and then the transmission matrix of the reference-light-free digital holographic camera is obtained through a numerical calculation mode. The calibration process is simpler, the error of the transmission matrix cannot be increased due to the increase of the input quantity, and better imaging quality can be obtained. After the relative position between the random phase plate and the image sensor is determined, the transmission matrixes of the red, the green and the blue colors of the reference-light-free digital holographic camera can be conveniently obtained in a numerical calculation mode. Meanwhile, a color image sensor is used for recording a speckle image formed after object light enters the digital holographic camera without reference light, and a color intensity image and a phase image of the object can be reconstructed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a digital holographic camera without reference light according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a calibration method of a reference-light-free digital holographic camera according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a first schematic diagram of a digital holographic camera using the present invention without reference light;
FIG. 4 is a second schematic diagram of a digital holographic camera using the present invention without reference light.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a digital holographic camera without reference light according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the camera includes:
the device comprises an image sensor 1, a spectroscope 2, a polaroid 3, a random phase plate 4, a diaphragm 5 and a shell 6; the image sensor 1 is an image sensor of a color digital camera; a spectroscope 2, a polaroid 3, a random phase plate 4 and a diaphragm 5 are sequentially arranged in front of an image sensor 1 of a color digital camera to form a reference-light-free digital holographic camera. The diaphragm 5, the random phase plate 4, the polaroid 3 and the spectroscope 2 are arranged in a cylindrical shell 6 (the shell 6 in the figure only shows a half), and the shell 6 is connected and fixed with the digital camera. The aperture 5, the random phase plate 4, the polaroid 3, the spectroscope 2 and the image sensor 1 of the digital camera are positioned on the axis of the cylindrical shell 6, and the aperture 5, the random phase plate 4 and the polaroid 3 are parallel to the image sensor 1 of the digital camera.
The splitting surface 2-1 of the beam splitter 2 and the receiving surface of the image sensor 1 form an included angle of 45 degrees, and when light beams enter from the lower part of the beam splitter 2 in a direction vertical to the lower surface of the beam splitter 2, the light beams are reflected by the splitting surface 2-1 of the beam splitter 2 and then vertically enter the receiving surface of the image sensor 1. The receiving surface of the image sensor 1 is the surface adjacent to the beam splitter.
The housing 6 includes a light-transmitting window, and the light-transmitting window is located at a portion below the light splitting surface 2-1 and at a central position of a lower surface of the light splitting mirror 2. The housing 6 further comprises a closing plate for closing said light passage window.
The random phase plate 4 is manufactured by utilizing a micro-nano processing technology. The random phase plate 4 is a circular transparent thin plate (the thickness is about 1-2 mm), a plurality of square or circular concave units (small pits) with known depth and coordinates are engraved on the surface by using a precise micro-nano processing technology, the size of each concave unit is about 1-dozens of micrometers, for example, 1-100 μm, or 1-50 μm, and the random phase plate is specifically set according to actual requirements. The size here refers to the size of the upper surface of the recess unit. For example, when the upper surface of the recess unit is circular, the size of the recess unit refers to the diameter of the circular upper surface, when the upper surface of the recess unit is rectangular, the size of the recess unit refers to the length of the long side of the rectangle, and when the upper surface of the recess unit is irregular, the size of the recess unit refers to the longest diameter of the irregular upper surface. The depth of each concave unit is different, the depth values of all the concave units meet the random distribution rule, and the distribution range is 0-1 mu m. The positions and depths of these recessed elements are randomly generated by a computer and stored as known data, and these microstructure data are used to calculate the transmission matrix of a reference-light-free holographic camera.
The center of the diaphragm 5 is provided with a light through hole which can be square or round. When light beams enter from the light through hole of the diaphragm 5 in a direction vertical to the surface of the diaphragm 5, the light beams vertically enter the receiving surface of the image sensor 4 after sequentially passing through the random phase plate 4 and the spectroscope 2.
Before the digital holographic camera without reference light is used, calibration is needed to be carried out firstly, and a transmission matrix of the digital holographic camera is obtained. Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the calibration method of the reference-light-free digital holographic camera according to the present invention. The calibration process comprises two parts:
firstly, illuminating a random phase plate by using plane light, recording an on-axis hologram when no reference light exists, recording an off-axis hologram after the plane reference light is added, and guiding high-resolution reconstruction of the on-axis hologram by using low-resolution information obtained by the off-axis hologram to obtain an intensity image and a phase image of the random phase plate so as to determine the relative position relationship between the random phase plate and an image sensor. As shown, steps 100-600 are included, as follows:
step 100: the light is irradiated by a plane to a vertical incidence diaphragm. The plane irradiation light enters through the light through hole of the diaphragm, sequentially passes through the random phase plate and the spectroscope, and vertically reaches the image sensor. The planar illumination light is directed perpendicularly onto the random phase plate and its transmitted light passes through a beam splitter onto the image sensor of the digital camera, this beam of light being referred to as the object light.
Step 200: an on-axis hologram recorded by the image sensor is obtained.
Step 300: a planar reference light is used to enter the beam splitter perpendicularly. The plane reference light enters through a light-passing window of the shell, is reflected by a light splitting surface of the spectroscope and vertically reaches the image sensor. The plane reference light irradiates on the splitting surface of the spectroscope and is reflected to an image sensor of the digital camera, and the beam of light is called as the plane reference light.
Step 400: an off-axis hologram recorded by the image sensor is obtained.
The plane irradiation light and the plane reference light have coherence, namely the object light and the plane reference light have coherence, and a tiny included angle (about tens of mrad) exists between the two beams when the two beams irradiate on the image sensor. The image formed by the two beams on the image sensor is the off-axis digital hologram. And blocking the plane reference light, and obtaining the coaxial digital hologram only by an image formed by the object light on the image sensor.
Step 500: and guiding the high-resolution reconstruction of the on-axis hologram according to the low-resolution information of the off-axis hologram to obtain an intensity image and a phase image of the random phase plate. The specific process is as follows:
1: determining a distribution of a first phase of the object light wave in the image sensor plane and a distribution of a second phase of the object light wave in the random phase plate plane from the off-axis digital hologram;
2: determining a first complex amplitude of the object light wave in the image sensor plane from the intensity and the first phase of the coaxial digital hologram; specifically, according to the formula:
determining a first complex amplitude of the object light wave in the plane of the image sensor, wherein O' denotes the first complex amplitude and IinRepresenting the intensity of the on-axis digital hologram,
representing the first phase of the object light wave, j represents the imaginary symbol.
3: and reversely transmitting the first complex amplitude to the plane of the random phase plate by utilizing an angular spectrum transmission method to obtain a second complex amplitude of the object light wave in the plane of the random phase plate, updating the amplitude of the pixel point corresponding to the amplitude larger than 1 in the second complex amplitude to be 1, and updating the phase of the pixel point corresponding to the amplitude larger than 1 according to the phase of the corresponding pixel point in the distribution of the second phase. Specifically, updating the phase of the pixel point corresponding to the amplitude larger than 1 according to the phase of the corresponding pixel point in the distribution of the second phase specifically includes: and correspondingly updating the phase of the pixel point corresponding to the amplitude larger than 1 into the phase of the corresponding pixel point in the distribution of the second phase.
4: positively propagating the second complex amplitude to the plane of the image sensor by using an angular spectrum propagation method to obtain a third complex amplitude of the object light wave in the plane of the image sensor, and updating the amplitude in the third complex amplitude according to the intensity of the coaxial digital hologram;
5: judging whether the difference value of the third complex amplitude and the first complex amplitude is smaller than a set threshold value; if not, executing the step 3, and if so, determining the intensity image and the phase image of the random phase plate according to the second complex amplitude.
Step 600: and determining the relative position relationship between the random phase plate and the image sensor according to the intensity image and the phase image of the random phase plate. The relative position relationship comprises a projection position of each concave unit on the random phase plate on the image sensor, and also comprises a vertical distance between the random phase plate and the image sensor.
Specifically, the distance parameter between the image sensor plane and the random phase plate plane in the numerical calculation in the adjusting step 500 is adjusted, and when the clearest intensity image is obtained, the distance parameter in the numerical calculation is the vertical distance between the image sensor and the random phase plate. Comparing the intensity image and the phase image with the known microstructure parameters of the random phase plate, finding the corresponding relation between the intensity image and the phase image, and obtaining the phase shift amount of each point in the plane of the random phase plate according to the microstructure parameters of the random phase plate
(n denotes the random phase plate refractive index, d denotes the depth of the depressed cells at different points, and λ denotes the wavelength of the light wave.
Secondly, obtaining speckle responses of all input fundamental modes by a numerical calculation method according to known microstructure data of the random phase plate and measured relative position relation data between the random phase plate and the image sensor, and obtaining transmission matrixes of the three colors of red, green and blue. The method comprises the following steps:
step 700: and obtaining speckle responses of all input fundamental modes by using a numerical calculation method according to the parameters and the relative position relation of the random phase plate to obtain transmission matrixes of the red, green and blue colors of the camera, and completing calibration. The parameters of the random phase plate comprise the thickness of the random phase plate and the positions, thicknesses and sizes of all the concave units. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. the method is characterized in that the spherical light waves emitted by different point sources in the imaging observation range are simulated through software, and the spherical light waves emitted by each point source are irradiated on the digital holographic camera without reference light to form an input base mode. The number and spacing of the point sources is determined according to the field of view and resolution requirements of the reference-light-free digital holographic camera. The imaging observation range is set to be a cuboid space, all point sources can be distributed according to a 3-dimensional lattice, namely L layers are arranged along the z-axis direction, each layer is arranged into N rows and M columns, M multiplied by N multiplied by L points are totally formed, and all the point sources are numbered in sequence. Accordingly, M × N × L input fundamental modes can be generated.
2. Since the amount of phase shift for each point in the plane of the random phase plate has been determined. The angular spectrum propagation algorithm (or other algorithms) is used for calculating the complex amplitude distribution of the spherical light waves emitted by each point source in the plane of the image sensor after penetrating through the random phase plate, and the complex amplitude distribution is the speckle response of the input fundamental mode.
3. When a point source emits red spherical waves, arranging the 1 st speckle response data of the input basic mode into a line in a line-by-line end-to-end mode to obtain the 1 st line data of the transmission matrix; arranging the 2 nd speckle response data of the input fundamental mode into a line in a line-by-line end-to-end mode to obtain the 2 nd line data of the transmission matrix; and so on, the speckle response of the last input fundamental mode is arranged in the last row of the transmission matrix. I.e. a transmission matrix for red light is obtained.
4. And (3) setting the spherical waves emitted by the point source in the step (3) as green and blue, and respectively obtaining a green light transmission matrix and a blue light transmission matrix by the same method.
At this point, the calibration process is complete. And after calibration is completed, the light-transmitting window on the shell is closed.
FIG. 3 is a first schematic view of a digital holographic camera without reference light according to the present invention, wherein a transmissive sample is placed in the imaging observation range in front of the camera, such that a transmissive digital holographic image without reference light can be obtained. FIG. 4 is a second schematic view of a digital holographic camera without reference light according to the present invention, wherein a reflective sample is placed in the imaging observation area in front of the camera, such that a reflective digital holographic image without reference light can be obtained.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, when the digital holography camera without reference light is used for imaging, the laser light of three colors of red, green and blue is used for illuminating the sample, the object light transmitted or reflected by the sample enters the digital holography camera without reference light, laser speckles of three colors of red, green and blue are formed after passing through the random phase plate, and speckle images of three colors of red, green and blue are recorded by the color digital camera. Then, in the computer, the complex amplitude information of the red, green and blue light waves is obtained by the calibrated transmission matrix of the digital holographic camera without reference light and the recorded speckle image through a reconstruction algorithm. And finally, synthesizing to obtain a color intensity image and a phase image of the sample.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A reference-light-free digital holographic camera, the camera comprising: the device comprises an image sensor, a spectroscope, a random phase plate, a diaphragm and a shell; the spectroscope, the random phase plate and the diaphragm are sequentially fixed in parallel in front of the image sensor, and the spectroscope, the random phase plate and the diaphragm are all arranged in the shell;
the image sensor is an image sensor of a color digital camera; the beam splitting surface of the beam splitter forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the receiving surface of the image sensor, and when light beams enter from the lower part of the beam splitter in a direction vertical to the lower surface of the beam splitter, the light beams are reflected by the beam splitting surface of the beam splitter and then vertically enter the receiving surface of the image sensor;
the random phase plate is manufactured by utilizing a micro-nano processing technology, and a plurality of concave units with known depths and coordinates are engraved on the surface of the random phase plate; the depths of the sunken units are different, the depth values of all the sunken units meet the random distribution rule, and the distribution range of the depth values is between (0, 1) mu m;
and when light beams enter from the light through hole of the diaphragm in a direction vertical to the surface of the diaphragm, the light beams sequentially pass through the random phase plate and the spectroscope and then vertically enter the receiving surface of the image sensor.
2. The camera of claim 1, further comprising: the polaroid is fixed between the random phase plate and the spectroscope, and the polaroid, the random phase plate and the spectroscope are all parallel.
3. The camera according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the random phase plate is 1-2 mm; the size of each sunken unit is 1-100 mu m.
4. The camera of claim 1, wherein the housing includes a light passing window centrally located on a lower surface of the beam splitter.
5. The camera of claim 4, wherein the housing further comprises a closing plate for closing the light-passing window.
6. A calibration method of a reference-light-free digital holographic camera is characterized by comprising the following steps:
irradiating light by using a plane to vertically enter a diaphragm; the plane irradiation light enters through a light through hole of the diaphragm, sequentially passes through the random phase plate and the spectroscope and vertically reaches the image sensor;
obtaining an on-axis hologram recorded by an image sensor;
vertically irradiating the spectroscope by using plane reference light; the plane reference light enters through a light-passing window of the shell, is reflected by a light splitting surface of the spectroscope and vertically reaches the image sensor;
obtaining an off-axis hologram recorded by the image sensor;
guiding the high-resolution reconstruction of the on-axis hologram according to the low-resolution information of the off-axis hologram to obtain an intensity image and a phase image of the random phase plate;
determining a relative positional relationship between the random phase plate and the image sensor according to the intensity image and the phase image of the random phase plate; the relative position relationship comprises the projection position of each concave unit on the random phase plate on the image sensor and also comprises the vertical distance between the random phase plate and the image sensor;
obtaining speckle responses of all input fundamental modes by using a numerical calculation method according to the parameters of the random phase plate and the relative position relation to obtain transmission matrixes of the red, green and blue colors of the camera, and completing calibration; the parameters of the random phase plate comprise the thickness of the random phase plate and the positions, depths and sizes of all the concave units.
7. The calibration method according to claim 6, wherein the planar illumination light and the planar reference light have coherence.
8. The calibration method according to claim 6, wherein the obtaining of the transmission matrix of the three colors of red, green and blue of the camera, completing calibration, and then further comprises:
and closing a light through window on the shell.
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