CN108645073A - A kind of absorption system of solar energy energy supply - Google Patents
A kind of absorption system of solar energy energy supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN108645073A CN108645073A CN201810414567.1A CN201810414567A CN108645073A CN 108645073 A CN108645073 A CN 108645073A CN 201810414567 A CN201810414567 A CN 201810414567A CN 108645073 A CN108645073 A CN 108645073A
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000258 photobiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
- F25B27/007—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in sorption type systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/04—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for sorption type machines, plants or systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种太阳能供能的吸收式制冷系统，包括太阳能供能装置、制冷装置、控制器和压力罐；太阳能供能装置包括太阳能集热装置和相变储能箱，其中，太阳能集热装置包括非对称复合平面聚光器、吸收体和支架；制冷装置包括吸收器、蒸汽发生器、冷凝器和蒸发器；控制器根据预设程序，自动控制整个系统进行工作。本发明目的在于提供一种高效、清洁、节能的太阳能集热系统作为主要热源，电加热为辅助供能，并且采用相变储能箱，提高集热系统热能利用率的同时，为制冷系统提供稳定的热源。
The invention provides an absorption refrigeration system powered by solar energy, comprising a solar energy supply device, a refrigeration device, a controller and a pressure tank; the solar energy supply device includes a solar heat collection device and a phase change energy storage box, wherein the solar heat The device includes an asymmetric composite plane concentrator, an absorber and a support; the refrigeration device includes an absorber, a steam generator, a condenser and an evaporator; the controller automatically controls the entire system to work according to a preset program. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency, clean, and energy-saving solar heat collection system as the main heat source, electric heating as the auxiliary energy supply, and a phase-change energy storage box to improve the heat energy utilization rate of the heat collection system and provide refrigeration systems. stable heat source.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种制冷系统，特别涉及一种复合平面聚光器供能的吸收式制冷系统，属于太阳能光热利用技术领域。The invention relates to a refrigeration system, in particular to an absorption refrigeration system powered by a composite planar concentrator, which belongs to the technical field of solar thermal utilization.
背景技术Background technique
随着经济的增长和技术的进步，以及人口的增加，人们对能源的需求量越来越大，未来我国经济对能源的依赖度也将不断增加，能源的可持续供应将面临很大的压力。随着世界能源需求量大增，传统化石能源由于其有限性和不可再生性，已不能满足人们日益增长的需要。随着化石能源的大量消耗和环境的急剧破坏，新能源技术已经成为本世纪世界经济发展中具有决定性影响的技术领域之一。太阳能因为具有取之不尽、无环境污染，不仅可以免费使用，而且不需运输等诸多优点而受到各国重视。With the growth of economy, the progress of technology, and the increase of population, people's demand for energy is increasing. In the future, the dependence of my country's economy on energy will continue to increase, and the sustainable supply of energy will face great pressure. . With the increasing demand for energy in the world, traditional fossil energy can no longer meet people's growing needs due to its limited and non-renewable nature. With the massive consumption of fossil energy and the drastic destruction of the environment, new energy technology has become one of the technical fields with decisive influence in the development of world economy in this century. Solar energy has been valued by various countries because of its inexhaustible, non-environmental pollution, free use, and no need for transportation.
目前，人们在对太阳能的转换、收集、储存运输等方面的应用研究，正在取得显著的进展，太阳能的利用主要是通过光热、光伏、光化学、光生物等利用途径。太阳能的开发利用中，太阳能光热转换技术是最成熟、实际应用最多，且具有较好经济性的一种可再生资源利用技术。太阳能热利用的基本原理是用集热器将太阳辐射能收集起来，通过与物质的相互作用转换成热能加以利用。目前使用最多的集热器可分为非聚光型集热器（平板型集热器、真空管集热器、热管式集热器等）和聚光型集热器（槽式聚焦集热器、塔式聚焦集热器、碟式聚焦集热器、菲涅尔聚光器等）两种。At present, people are making remarkable progress in the application research on the conversion, collection, storage and transportation of solar energy. The utilization of solar energy is mainly through photothermal, photovoltaic, photochemical, photobiological and other utilization methods. In the development and utilization of solar energy, solar photothermal conversion technology is the most mature, most practically applied, and economical renewable resource utilization technology. The basic principle of solar thermal utilization is to use collectors to collect solar radiation energy and convert it into heat energy through the interaction with matter for utilization. At present, the most used collectors can be divided into non-concentrating collectors (flat plate collectors, vacuum tube collectors, heat pipe collectors, etc.) and concentrating collectors (trough focused collectors) , tower-type focusing collector, dish-type focusing collector, Fresnel concentrator, etc.) two.
非聚光型集热器通常以水为工质，通常用于生活用热，难以用于获得150℃以上更高温位的热源，作为吸收式制冷系统热源，驱动制冷系统持续的工作，产生源源不断的冷量，为人们所使用。跟踪型太阳能聚光集热系统，可使工质获得较高的集热温度（通常高于300℃），将其获得的高温热源用于驱动吸收式制冷机组，不具有良好的热利用效率。另一方面，由于跟踪型太阳能聚光集热系统自身难以构建、成本较高、维护复杂等因素，将其与吸收式制冷耦合使用，也不具有良好的经济效益。Non-concentrating collectors usually use water as the working fluid, and are usually used for domestic heat. It is difficult to obtain heat sources with higher temperatures above 150°C. As heat sources for absorption refrigeration systems, they drive the refrigeration system to continue to work and generate steady streams of heat. The constant cooling capacity is used by people. The tracking solar concentrating heat collection system can make the working fluid obtain a higher heat collection temperature (usually higher than 300°C), and the high temperature heat source obtained by it is used to drive the absorption refrigeration unit, which does not have good heat utilization efficiency. On the other hand, due to factors such as the difficulty in building the tracking solar concentrating heat collection system itself, high cost, and complicated maintenance, it does not have good economic benefits to couple it with absorption refrigeration.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明提供一种复合平面聚光器供能的吸收式制冷系统，通过非对称复合平面聚光器集热，使传热物质达到200℃左右，用于驱动吸收式制冷机组，且系统无需跟踪装置、易于集成构建、运行状态稳定、光场高效利用等特征。有效解决了非聚光太阳能集热系统为吸收式制冷机组供能温位不够问题，同时还提高了以太阳能为驱动力的制冷系统的经济性。实现了太阳能供能的吸收式制冷系统高效长期稳定运行。Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention provides an absorption refrigeration system powered by a composite planar concentrator, which collects heat through an asymmetric composite planar concentrator, so that the heat transfer material reaches about 200°C, and is used to drive absorption type refrigeration unit, and the system does not need a tracking device, is easy to integrate and build, has a stable operating state, and uses the light field efficiently. It effectively solves the problem that the non-concentrating solar heat collection system is not enough for the energy supply temperature of the absorption refrigeration unit, and at the same time improves the economy of the refrigeration system driven by solar energy. Realized the efficient long-term stable operation of the absorption refrigeration system powered by solar energy.
本发明采用的技术方案是：The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种太阳能供能的吸收式制冷系统，包括太阳能供能装置、制冷装置、控制器1和压力罐23；An absorption refrigeration system powered by solar energy, comprising a solar energy supply device, a refrigeration device, a controller 1 and a pressure tank 23;
太阳能供能装置包括太阳能集热装置和相变储能箱28；其中，太阳能集热装置包括非对称复合平面聚光器40、吸收体43和支架39，其中，非对称复合平面聚光器40由复合抛物面聚光器改进而成，包括两个反光板，每个反光板由一块以上的平面镜组成，且两个反光板非对称设置；非对称复合平面聚光器40南北向（两个反光板分别朝向南北）安装在支架39上，吸收体43安装在非对称复合平面聚光器40的两个反光板连接处上方；吸收体出口41与相变储能箱入口Ⅰ29通过管道连通，管道上设有温度传感器Ⅰ42；相变储能箱出口Ⅰ31与吸收体入口44通过管道连通，管道上设有电磁阀Ⅰ32和循环泵35；相变储能箱28内设有温度传感器Ⅱ30；The solar energy supply device comprises a solar thermal collector and a phase change energy storage box 28; wherein, the solar thermal collector comprises an asymmetric composite plane concentrator 40, an absorber 43 and a support 39, wherein the asymmetric composite plane concentrator 40 It is improved from a compound parabolic concentrator, including two reflectors, each reflector is composed of more than one plane mirror, and the two reflectors are arranged asymmetrically; the asymmetric compound plane concentrator 40 is north-south (two reflectors plates respectively facing north and south) are installed on the bracket 39, and the absorber 43 is installed above the connection of the two reflectors of the asymmetric composite plane concentrator 40; the outlet 41 of the absorber is connected with the inlet I29 of the phase change energy storage box through a pipeline, and the pipeline There is a temperature sensor I42 on it; the outlet I31 of the phase change energy storage tank is connected with the inlet 44 of the absorber through a pipeline, and the pipeline is equipped with a solenoid valve I32 and a circulation pump 35; a temperature sensor II30 is installed in the phase change energy storage tank 28;
制冷装置包括吸收器2、蒸汽发生器16、冷凝器11和蒸发器5；吸收器溶液出口45通过管道与蒸汽发生器溶液入口18连通，管道上设有溶液泵38；蒸汽发生器溶液出口14通过管道与吸收器溶液入口7连通，管道上设有减压阀Ⅰ9；蒸汽发生器蒸汽出口19通过管道与冷凝器入口12连通；冷凝器出口10通过管道与蒸发器入口6连通，管道上设有减压阀Ⅱ8；冷凝器11内设有冷却水装置Ⅰ13；蒸发器出口4通过管道与吸收器气体入口3连通；吸收器2内设有冷却水装置Ⅱ46；蒸汽发生器16内设有加热管17和辅助加热器15；Refrigeration unit comprises absorber 2, steam generator 16, condenser 11 and evaporator 5; Absorber solution outlet 45 is communicated with steam generator solution inlet 18 by pipeline, and pipeline is provided with solution pump 38; Steam generator solution outlet 14 The pipe is connected with the absorber solution inlet 7, and the pipe is provided with a pressure reducing valve I9; the steam generator steam outlet 19 is connected with the condenser inlet 12 through the pipe; the condenser outlet 10 is connected with the evaporator inlet 6 through the pipe, and the pipe is provided with There is a pressure reducing valve II8; the condenser 11 is equipped with a cooling water device I13; the outlet 4 of the evaporator is connected with the gas inlet 3 of the absorber through a pipe; the absorber 2 is equipped with a cooling water device II46; the steam generator 16 is equipped with a heating Tube 17 and auxiliary heater 15;
加热管17的入口通过管道与相变储能箱出口Ⅱ34连通，管道上设有变频泵37、温度控制阀27和温度传感器Ⅲ24；加热管17的出口通过管道与压力罐23的入口连通，管道上设有电磁阀Ⅱ21，压力罐23上设有压力罐控制器22，压力罐23内部设有压力传感器与压力罐控制器22连接；压力罐23的出口通过管道与相变储能箱入口Ⅱ26连通，管道上设有止回阀25；The inlet of the heating pipe 17 communicates with the outlet II34 of the phase change energy storage tank through the pipeline, and the frequency conversion pump 37, the temperature control valve 27 and the temperature sensor III24 are arranged on the pipeline; the outlet of the heating pipe 17 communicates with the inlet of the pressure tank 23 through the pipeline, and the pipeline There is a solenoid valve Ⅱ21 on the top, a pressure tank controller 22 is provided on the pressure tank 23, and a pressure sensor is installed inside the pressure tank 23 to connect with the pressure tank controller 22; the outlet of the pressure tank 23 is connected to the inlet II 26 of the phase change energy storage box through a pipeline Connected, the pipeline is provided with a check valve 25;
吸收体43与相变储能箱28连接的管道内，以及相变储能箱28、蒸汽发生器16和压力罐23之间连接的管道内，均有传热物质；There are heat transfer substances in the pipelines connecting the absorber 43 and the phase change energy storage tank 28, and in the pipelines connected between the phase change energy storage tank 28, the steam generator 16 and the pressure tank 23;
减压阀Ⅰ9、减压阀Ⅱ8、电磁阀Ⅰ32、电磁阀Ⅱ21、压力罐控制器22、辅助加热器15、溶液泵38、变频泵37、温度控制阀27、温度传感器Ⅰ42、温度传感器Ⅱ30、温度传感器Ⅲ24、循环泵35均通过导线与控制器1连接。Pressure reducing valve Ⅰ9, pressure reducing valve Ⅱ8, solenoid valve Ⅰ32, solenoid valve Ⅱ21, pressure tank controller 22, auxiliary heater 15, solution pump 38, variable frequency pump 37, temperature control valve 27, temperature sensor Ⅰ42, temperature sensor Ⅱ30, Both the temperature sensor III 24 and the circulating pump 35 are connected to the controller 1 through wires.
优选地，吸收体43为圆形吸收体。Preferably, the absorber 43 is a circular absorber.
优选地，吸收器2内的溶液为溴化锂水溶液。Preferably, the solution in the absorber 2 is lithium bromide aqueous solution.
优选地，相变储能箱28内的相变储能材料为季戊四醇。Preferably, the phase change energy storage material in the phase change energy storage box 28 is pentaerythritol.
优选地，管道内的传热物质为导热油。Preferably, the heat transfer material in the pipeline is heat transfer oil.
优选地，管道为无缝钢管（由于非对称复合平面聚光器可将传热物质升温至200℃左右，且相变材料不具腐蚀性，故采用无缝钢管作为输送管道）。Preferably, the pipeline is a seamless steel pipe (since the asymmetric composite planar concentrator can raise the temperature of the heat transfer material to about 200°C, and the phase change material is non-corrosive, the seamless steel pipe is used as the delivery pipeline).
优选地，辅助加热器15为电加热装置。Preferably, the auxiliary heater 15 is an electric heating device.
工作过程：太阳能集热装置吸收太阳辐射能（太阳光通过两种方式到达吸收体：直射在吸收体43上；太阳光到达非对称复合平面聚光器40的反光板上，经二次反射到达吸收体43。）并转化为热能，管道内的传热物质吸热后在循环泵35的作用下在管道内流动，将热能传递到相变储能箱28中，相变储能材料吸热至相变温度后发生相变，由固态渐变为液态，继续吸收热能，将热能储存在相变储能箱28中，并为蒸汽发生器16提供热能；当温度传感器Ⅰ42测得的温度低于温度传感器Ⅱ30测得的温度时，电磁阀Ⅰ32和循环泵35关闭；Working process: The solar heat collector absorbs solar radiation energy (sunlight reaches the absorber in two ways: directly on the absorber 43; The sunlight reaches the reflective plate of the asymmetric composite planar concentrator 40 and reaches the absorber 43 through secondary reflection. ) and converted into heat energy, the heat transfer material in the pipeline flows in the pipeline under the action of the circulation pump 35 after absorbing heat, and transfers the heat energy to the phase change energy storage tank 28, and the phase change energy storage material absorbs heat to the phase change temperature Afterwards, a phase change occurs, gradually changing from solid to liquid, and continues to absorb heat energy, and stores the heat energy in the phase change energy storage tank 28, and provides heat energy for the steam generator 16; when the temperature measured by the temperature sensor I42 is lower than the temperature measured by the temperature sensor II30 When the temperature is obtained, the solenoid valve I32 and the circulating pump 35 are closed;
制冷装置采用溴化锂为吸收剂、水为制冷剂，将溴化锂水溶液置于吸收器2中，通过溶液泵38泵入蒸汽发生器16，在相变储能箱28或辅助加热器15提供的热能加热下（当相变储能箱28提供的热能低于蒸汽发生器16额定工作温度时，启动辅助加热器15进行加热），水蒸发生成高温高压的水蒸汽从蒸汽发生器蒸汽出口19逸出至冷凝器11，经冷却为高压低温气体，经减压阀Ⅱ8减压为低压低温气体，进入蒸发器5内蒸发，带走蒸发器内的热量，从而达到制冷的目的。蒸发后的水蒸汽回到吸收器2内（当蒸汽发生器16内压力过高时，蒸汽发生器16内的部分溴化锂水溶液通过减压阀Ⅰ9回流到吸收器2内，由于吸收器2内溴化锂浓度较高，水蒸汽从吸收器气体入口3被吸入吸收器2内），经冷凝变成水，溴化锂水溶液被稀释，再通过溶液泵38泵入蒸汽发生器16，此过程不断循环，实现制冷循环；The refrigerating device adopts lithium bromide as the absorbent and water as the refrigerant. The lithium bromide aqueous solution is placed in the absorber 2, pumped into the steam generator 16 by the solution pump 38, and heated by the thermal energy provided by the phase change energy storage tank 28 or the auxiliary heater 15. (when the thermal energy provided by the phase-change energy storage box 28 is lower than the rated working temperature of the steam generator 16, start the auxiliary heater 15 for heating), the water evaporates to generate high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor, which escapes from the steam generator steam outlet 19 to The condenser 11 is cooled to a high-pressure and low-temperature gas, which is decompressed into a low-pressure and low-temperature gas by the pressure reducing valve II8, enters the evaporator 5 to evaporate, and takes away the heat in the evaporator, thereby achieving the purpose of refrigeration. The evaporated water vapor returns to the absorber 2 (when the pressure in the steam generator 16 is too high, part of the lithium bromide aqueous solution in the steam generator 16 flows back into the absorber 2 through the pressure reducing valve I9, because the lithium bromide in the absorber 2 The concentration is high, water vapor is sucked into the absorber 2 from the gas inlet 3 of the absorber), condensed into water, the lithium bromide aqueous solution is diluted, and then pumped into the steam generator 16 through the solution pump 38, and this process is continuously circulated to realize refrigeration cycle;
加热管17与相变储能箱28之间的管道上设有温度控制阀27、温度传感器Ⅲ24，通过温度控制阀27设定预设温度，当温度传感器Ⅲ24测得的温度低于预设温度时，温度控制阀27关闭，管内传热物质停止流动；The pipeline between the heating pipe 17 and the phase change energy storage tank 28 is provided with a temperature control valve 27 and a temperature sensor III 24, and the preset temperature is set through the temperature control valve 27. When the temperature measured by the temperature sensor III 24 is lower than the preset temperature , the temperature control valve 27 is closed, and the heat transfer substance in the tube stops flowing;
加热管17与压力罐23之间的管道上还设有电磁阀Ⅱ21，用于防止当相变储能箱28不向蒸汽发生器16提供热能时，管内传热物质消耗辅助加热装置15向蒸汽发生器16提供的热能，造成不必要的热能损耗；The pipeline between the heating pipe 17 and the pressure tank 23 is also provided with a solenoid valve II 21, which is used to prevent the heat transfer material in the pipe from consuming the auxiliary heating device 15 to steam when the phase change energy storage tank 28 does not provide heat energy to the steam generator 16. The thermal energy provided by the generator 16 causes unnecessary thermal energy loss;
压力罐23与相变储能箱28之间的管道上设有止回阀25，防止管道内传热物质逆流；The pipeline between the pressure tank 23 and the phase change energy storage tank 28 is provided with a check valve 25 to prevent the heat transfer material in the pipeline from flowing backward;
由于太阳辐射具有时效性，太阳能供能装置温度并不恒定，导致管道内压力不稳定，因此，采用压力罐23与变频泵37匹配对管道内的压力进行平衡；Due to the timeliness of solar radiation, the temperature of the solar energy supply device is not constant, resulting in unstable pressure in the pipeline. Therefore, the pressure tank 23 is matched with the frequency conversion pump 37 to balance the pressure in the pipeline;
控制器通过温度传感器及压力传感器采集数据，并根据预设程序，自动控制各个阀门及泵的开闭，以提高整个系统的工作效率并节省电量。The controller collects data through the temperature sensor and pressure sensor, and automatically controls the opening and closing of each valve and pump according to the preset program, so as to improve the working efficiency of the whole system and save electricity.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1、集热装置采用非对称复合平面聚光器，非对称结构不受集热器倾角影响，复合平面结构没有表面张力，面型不易变形；并且非对称复合平面聚光器与传统抛物聚光器相比，制作简单且能接受更广角度的太阳光线，吸收更多的太阳辐射，有效的提高了系统的光热转换性能，提高了采光量和集热量，降低成本的同时，获得较高的集热效率，提高集热器的集热性能；1. The heat collection device adopts an asymmetric composite plane concentrator, the asymmetric structure is not affected by the inclination angle of the heat collector, the composite plane structure has no surface tension, and the surface shape is not easily deformed; and the asymmetric composite plane concentrator is different from the traditional parabolic concentrator Compared with solar devices, it is simple to manufacture and can accept sunlight from a wider angle, absorb more solar radiation, effectively improve the light-to-heat conversion performance of the system, increase the amount of light and heat collection, reduce costs and obtain higher High heat collection efficiency, improve the heat collection performance of the collector;
2、采用季戊四醇作为相变储能材料，相变温度为188℃，潜热大（290KJ/Kg），无毒无腐蚀性，价格便宜，易于制作。以“削峰填谷”的方式，将太阳辐射能存储到相变材料中，然后晚上及阴雨天气释放出来，不仅提高了集热系统的效率，同时节约了电量；2. Pentaerythritol is used as the phase change energy storage material, the phase change temperature is 188°C, the latent heat is large (290KJ/Kg), non-toxic, non-corrosive, cheap and easy to manufacture. In the way of "shaving peaks and filling valleys", the solar radiation energy is stored in phase change materials, and then released at night and in rainy weather, which not only improves the efficiency of the heat collection system, but also saves electricity;
3、采用温度控制阀，平衡蒸汽发生器内的温度，避免了集热系统因太阳辐射的变化造成的温度不稳对制冷系统工作效率产生的影响；3. The temperature control valve is used to balance the temperature in the steam generator, which avoids the influence of the temperature instability of the heat collection system on the working efficiency of the refrigeration system caused by the change of solar radiation;
4、采用压力罐与变频泵进行匹配，用于系统因温度变化造成压力不稳定时自动平衡压力，避免了变频泵因频繁启停而造成的器件损耗。4. The pressure tank is matched with the variable frequency pump, which is used to automatically balance the pressure when the system is unstable due to temperature changes, and avoids the device loss caused by the frequent start and stop of the variable frequency pump.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2为非对称复合平面聚光器集热系统结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an asymmetric composite planar concentrator heat collection system;
图中：1-控制器，2-吸收器，3-吸收器气体入口，4-蒸发器出口，5-蒸发器，6-蒸发器入口，7-吸收器溶液入口，8-减压阀Ⅱ，9-减压阀Ⅰ，10-冷凝器出口，11-冷凝器，12-冷凝器入口，13-冷却水装置Ⅰ，14-蒸汽发生器溶液出口，15-辅助加热器，16-蒸汽发生器，17-加热管，18-蒸汽发生器溶液入口，19-蒸汽发生器蒸汽出口，20-加热管出口，21-电磁阀Ⅱ，22-压力罐控制器，23-压力罐，24-温度传感器Ⅲ，25-止回阀，26-相变储能箱入口Ⅱ，27-温度控制阀，28-相变储能箱，29-相变储能箱入口Ⅰ，30-温度传感器Ⅱ，31-相变储能箱出口Ⅰ，32-电磁阀Ⅰ，33-管道，34-相变储能箱出口Ⅱ，35-循环泵，36-导线，37-变频泵，38-溶液泵，39-支架，40-非对称复合平面聚光器，41-吸收体出口，42-温度传感器Ⅰ，43-吸收体，44-吸收体入口，45-吸收器溶液出口，46-冷却水装置Ⅱ。In the figure: 1-controller, 2-absorber, 3-absorber gas inlet, 4-evaporator outlet, 5-evaporator, 6-evaporator inlet, 7-absorber solution inlet, 8-pressure reducing valve II , 9-pressure reducing valve Ⅰ, 10-condenser outlet, 11-condenser, 12-condenser inlet, 13-cooling water device Ⅰ, 14-steam generator solution outlet, 15-auxiliary heater, 16-steam generation Device, 17-heating pipe, 18-steam generator solution inlet, 19-steam generator steam outlet, 20-heating pipe outlet, 21-solenoid valve II, 22-pressure tank controller, 23-pressure tank, 24-temperature Sensor Ⅲ, 25-check valve, 26-phase change energy storage tank inlet Ⅱ, 27-temperature control valve, 28-phase change energy storage tank, 29-phase change energy storage tank inlet Ⅰ, 30-temperature sensor Ⅱ, 31 -phase change energy storage tank outlet Ⅰ, 32-solenoid valve Ⅰ, 33-pipeline, 34-phase change energy storage tank outlet Ⅱ, 35-circulation pump, 36-wire, 37-frequency conversion pump, 38-solution pump, 39- Bracket, 40-asymmetric composite planar concentrator, 41-absorber outlet, 42-temperature sensor I, 43-absorber, 44-absorber inlet, 45-absorber solution outlet, 46-cooling water device II.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，一种太阳能供能的吸收式制冷系统，包括太阳能供能装置、制冷装置、控制器1和压力罐23；As shown in Figure 1, a kind of absorption refrigeration system powered by solar energy, comprises solar energy supply device, refrigeration device, controller 1 and pressure tank 23;
太阳能供能装置包括太阳能集热装置和相变储能箱28；其中，太阳能集热装置包括非对称复合平面聚光器40、吸收体43和支架39，如图2所示，其中，非对称复合平面聚光器40由复合抛物面聚光器改进而成，包括两个反光板，每个反光板由一块以上的平面镜组成，且两个反光板非对称设置；非对称复合平面聚光器40南北向（两个反光板分别朝向南北）安装在支架39上，吸收体43安装在非对称复合平面聚光器40的两个反光板连接处上方；吸收体出口41与相变储能箱入口Ⅰ29通过管道连通，管道上设有温度传感器Ⅰ42；相变储能箱出口Ⅰ31与吸收体入口44通过管道连通，管道上设有电磁阀Ⅰ32和循环泵35；相变储能箱28内设有温度传感器Ⅱ30；The solar energy supply device comprises a solar thermal collector and a phase-change energy storage box 28; wherein, the solar thermal collector comprises an asymmetric composite planar concentrator 40, an absorber 43 and a support 39, as shown in Figure 2, wherein the asymmetric The compound plane concentrator 40 is improved by a compound parabolic concentrator, including two reflectors, each reflector is composed of more than one plane mirror, and the two reflectors are arranged asymmetrically; the asymmetric compound plane concentrator 40 The north-south direction (the two reflectors face north and south respectively) is installed on the bracket 39, and the absorber 43 is installed above the connection of the two reflectors of the asymmetric composite planar concentrator 40; the absorber outlet 41 is connected to the entrance of the phase change energy storage box Ⅰ29 is communicated through a pipeline, and the pipeline is provided with a temperature sensor Ⅰ42; the phase change energy storage tank outlet Ⅰ31 is connected with the absorber inlet 44 through a pipeline, and the pipeline is provided with a solenoid valve Ⅰ32 and a circulation pump 35; the phase change energy storage tank 28 is equipped with Temperature sensor II 30;
制冷装置包括吸收器2、蒸汽发生器16、冷凝器11和蒸发器5；吸收器溶液出口45通过管道与蒸汽发生器溶液入口18连通，管道上设有溶液泵38；蒸汽发生器溶液出口14通过管道与吸收器溶液入口7连通，管道上设有减压阀Ⅰ9；蒸汽发生器蒸汽出口19通过管道与冷凝器入口12连通；冷凝器出口10通过管道与蒸发器入口6连通，管道上设有减压阀Ⅱ8；冷凝器11内设有冷却水装置Ⅰ13；蒸发器出口4通过管道与吸收器气体入口3连通；吸收器2内设有冷却水装置Ⅱ46；蒸汽发生器16内设有加热管17和辅助加热器15；Refrigeration unit comprises absorber 2, steam generator 16, condenser 11 and evaporator 5; Absorber solution outlet 45 is communicated with steam generator solution inlet 18 by pipeline, and pipeline is provided with solution pump 38; Steam generator solution outlet 14 The pipe is connected with the absorber solution inlet 7, and the pipe is provided with a pressure reducing valve I9; the steam generator steam outlet 19 is connected with the condenser inlet 12 through the pipe; the condenser outlet 10 is connected with the evaporator inlet 6 through the pipe, and the pipe is provided with There is a pressure reducing valve II8; the condenser 11 is equipped with a cooling water device I13; the outlet 4 of the evaporator is connected with the gas inlet 3 of the absorber through a pipe; the absorber 2 is equipped with a cooling water device II46; the steam generator 16 is equipped with a heating Tube 17 and auxiliary heater 15;
加热管17的入口通过管道与相变储能箱出口Ⅱ34连通，管道上设有变频泵37、温度控制阀27和温度传感器Ⅲ24；加热管17的出口通过管道与压力罐23的入口连通，管道上设有电磁阀Ⅱ21，压力罐23上设有压力罐控制器22，压力罐23内部设有压力传感器与压力罐控制器22连接；压力罐23的出口通过管道与相变储能箱入口Ⅱ26连通，管道上设有止回阀25；The inlet of the heating pipe 17 communicates with the outlet II34 of the phase change energy storage tank through the pipeline, and the frequency conversion pump 37, the temperature control valve 27 and the temperature sensor III24 are arranged on the pipeline; the outlet of the heating pipe 17 communicates with the inlet of the pressure tank 23 through the pipeline, and the pipeline There is a solenoid valve Ⅱ21 on the top, a pressure tank controller 22 is provided on the pressure tank 23, and a pressure sensor is installed inside the pressure tank 23 to connect with the pressure tank controller 22; the outlet of the pressure tank 23 is connected to the inlet II 26 of the phase change energy storage box through a pipeline Connected, the pipeline is provided with a check valve 25;
吸收体43与相变储能箱28连接的管道内，以及相变储能箱28、蒸汽发生器16和压力罐23之间连接的管道内，均有传热物质；There are heat transfer substances in the pipelines connecting the absorber 43 and the phase change energy storage tank 28, and in the pipelines connected between the phase change energy storage tank 28, the steam generator 16 and the pressure tank 23;
减压阀Ⅰ9、减压阀Ⅱ8、电磁阀Ⅰ32、电磁阀Ⅱ21、压力罐控制器22、辅助加热器15、溶液泵38、变频泵37、温度控制阀27、温度传感器Ⅰ42、温度传感器Ⅱ30、温度传感器Ⅲ24、循环泵35均通过导线与控制器1连接。Pressure reducing valve Ⅰ9, pressure reducing valve Ⅱ8, solenoid valve Ⅰ32, solenoid valve Ⅱ21, pressure tank controller 22, auxiliary heater 15, solution pump 38, variable frequency pump 37, temperature control valve 27, temperature sensor Ⅰ42, temperature sensor Ⅱ30, Both the temperature sensor III 24 and the circulating pump 35 are connected to the controller 1 through wires.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例结构与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于，吸收体43为圆形吸收体。The structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the absorber 43 is a circular absorber.
实施例3Example 3
本实施例结构与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于，吸收器2内的溶液为溴化锂水溶液。The structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the solution in the absorber 2 is lithium bromide aqueous solution.
实施例4Example 4
本实施例结构与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于，相变储能箱28内的相变储能材料为季戊四醇。The structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the phase change energy storage material in the phase change energy storage box 28 is pentaerythritol.
实施例5Example 5
本实施例结构与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于，管道内的传热物质为导热油。The structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the heat transfer material in the pipeline is heat transfer oil.
实施例6Example 6
本实施例结构与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于，管道为GB3087无缝钢管。The structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the pipeline is GB3087 seamless steel pipe.
实施例7Example 7
本实施例结构与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于，辅助加热器14为电加热装置。The structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the auxiliary heater 14 is an electric heating device.
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