CN108642503B - Method for removing fluorine and chlorine ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid - Google Patents

Method for removing fluorine and chlorine ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid Download PDF

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CN108642503B
CN108642503B CN201810456780.9A CN201810456780A CN108642503B CN 108642503 B CN108642503 B CN 108642503B CN 201810456780 A CN201810456780 A CN 201810456780A CN 108642503 B CN108642503 B CN 108642503B
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defluorination
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waste acid
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CN108642503A (en
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马保中
王成彦
陈永强
邵爽
邢鹏
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23GCLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/36Regeneration of waste pickling liquors
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/69Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
    • C01B17/90Separation; Purification
    • C01B17/901Recovery from spent acids containing metallic ions, e.g. hydrolysis acids, pickling acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B21/00Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01B21/20Nitrogen oxides; Oxyacids of nitrogen; Salts thereof
    • C01B21/38Nitric acid
    • C01B21/46Purification; Separation ; Stabilisation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G5/00Compounds of silver
    • C01G5/02Halides

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Abstract

The invention provides a method for removing fluorine and chloride ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid, which belongs to the technical field of high-concentration industrial waste acid treatment and comprises the steps of firstly adding rare earth hydroxide solution and a fluorine removing agent of oxalic acid into the high-concentration industrial waste acid for defluorination treatment to obtain a slag phase and a liquid phase; then carrying out alkali dissolution separation on the slag phase after defluorination treatment to obtain soluble fluoride and rare earth hydroxide precipitate, and using the rare earth hydroxide precipitate and oxalic acid as a defluorination agent for a new round of defluorination treatment; and simultaneously adding a silver nitrate solution into the liquid phase after defluorination to obtain silver chloride precipitate and high-concentration acid, and applying the high-concentration acid to the stainless steel acid pickling process. The method can effectively remove fluorine and chlorine ions in the high-concentration industrial waste acid; the defluorinating agent can be recycled, so that resources are saved, and the environmental protection requirement of clean production is met.

Description

Method for removing fluorine and chlorine ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-concentration industrial waste acid treatment, in particular to a method for removing fluorine and chloride ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid.
Background
In the industries of metal smelting production, metal electrolysis, acid preparation by flue gas and the like, smelting flue gas contains a large amount of SO2A large amount of waste acid is generated in the soot recovery and acid making processes. The generated waste acid contains fluorinion, chloride ion, nitrate ion and sulfate ion, and can be discharged after being subjected to defluorination and chlorine treatment, and meanwhile, the resource recycling of sulfuric acid can be realized.
Chinese patent CN103833101A discloses a method for removing fluorine ions from drinking water. The method is characterized in that a Cu-Fe layered composite material is used as the adsorbing material, but the adsorbing material is easy to dissolve in waste acid and is not beneficial to long-term, safe and effective adsorption.
Chinese patent CN104773785A discloses a method for removing fluorine ions in water. The method adopts the activated aluminum sludge to adsorb and remove fluorine, can simply improve the drinking water condition, but the activated aluminum sludge is easy to dissolve in waste acid, still is not beneficial to long-term safe and effective adsorption.
Chinese patent CN103723785A discloses a method for removing fluorine ions in water by lanthanum modified attapulgite. According to the method, lanthanum modified attapulgite is added into a water body to be purified to serve as an adsorbent to adsorb fluoride ion pollutants in water, and then the lanthanum modified attapulgite is collected to purify the fluoride ion pollutants in the water body. The method also involves the collection and recovery of the attapulgite, and the process is complicated.
Chinese patent CN105731704A discloses a treatment method for removing fluorine and chloride ions from waste acid. The method comprises the following steps: concentration, stripping, vulcanization and alkali liquor leaching; chlorine and fluorine ions contained in the sulfuric acid form hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride, and the hydrogen chloride and the hydrogen fluoride are volatilized into steam, and the contained sulfuric acid is not easy to volatilize to form concentrated acid solution. The regenerated acid treated by the method can be recycled, but hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride are generated in the operation, and the process is dangerous.
In summary, the method for treating fluorine and chloride ions in waste acid in the prior art has various problems of complex and dangerous operation, large environmental pollution, simple removal of fluorine ions and the like, and a method capable of comprehensively treating fluorine and chloride ions in waste acid is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the method for treating fluorine and chlorine ions in waste acid in the prior art has complex and dangerous operation and great environmental pollution, and is only related to the removal of fluorine ions, and is not related to the removal of chlorine ions and the recycling of waste acid at the same time.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for removing fluorine and chloride ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid, which comprises the steps of firstly adding rare earth hydroxide solution and a fluorine removing agent of oxalic acid into the high-concentration industrial waste acid for defluorination treatment to obtain a slag phase and a liquid phase; then carrying out alkali dissolution separation on the slag phase after defluorination treatment to obtain soluble fluoride and rare earth hydroxide precipitate, and using the rare earth hydroxide precipitate and oxalic acid as a defluorination agent for a new round of defluorination treatment; and simultaneously adding a silver nitrate solution into the liquid phase after defluorination to obtain silver chloride precipitate and high-concentration acid, and applying the high-concentration acid to the stainless steel acid pickling process.
Preferably, the method for removing fluorine and chloride ions from the high-concentration industrial waste acid comprises the following specific steps:
s1, deep defluorination: adding rare earth hydroxide solution and oxalic acid into high-concentration industrial waste acid for deep defluorination, wherein the defluorination reaction time is 0.5-3h, and separating to obtain a liquid phase and a slag phase after defluorination is finished, wherein the slag phase is rare earth fluoride;
s2, alkali dissolution: adding an alkali-soluble reagent into the rare earth fluoride of the S1 slag phase, separating after alkali dissolution to obtain an easily soluble fluoride and a rare earth hydroxide precipitate, and returning the regenerated rare earth hydroxide precipitate to the deep defluorination process;
s3, dechlorination: and dechlorinating the liquid phase subjected to the deep defluorination of S1 by using a silver nitrate solution to obtain silver chloride and high-concentration acid subjected to the defluorination and chlorination, and returning the prepared high-concentration acid to the stainless steel pickling process.
Preferably, the high-concentration industrial waste acid contains F-、Cl-、H2SO4、HNO3
Preferably, the high-concentration industrial waste acid contains 50-300 g/L of H2SO450-300 g/L of HNO3
Preferably, the rare earth hydroxide solution is one solution or a mixed solution of two solutions of cerium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide.
Preferably, in the mixed solution of the two solutions of cerium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide, the mixing ratio of cerium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide is 1:10-10: 1.
Preferably, the alkali-soluble reagent is a sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution.
Preferably, the concentration of the high-concentration acid is 50-300 g/L, and the recovery rate is as high as 95-99%.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the process flow is simple, the equipment investment is low, the operation is simple and convenient, and the industrial production is facilitated;
(2) the rare earth hydroxide can be recycled;
(3) by adopting the process route, the removal of fluorine and chlorine ions can be effectively realized;
(4) the high-concentration acid can be recycled and used in the process production, so that the resource recycling is realized, and the production cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the method for removing fluorine and chlorine ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the method for treating fluorine and chlorine ions in waste acid in the prior art has complex and dangerous operation and great environmental pollution, and is only related to the removal of fluorine ions, and is not related to the removal of chlorine ions and the recycling of waste acid at the same time.
In order to solve the above technical problems, as shown in fig. 1, the method for removing fluorine and chloride ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid comprises the following specific steps:
s1, deep defluorination: adding rare earth hydroxide solution and oxalic acid into high-concentration industrial waste acid for deep defluorination, wherein the defluorination reaction time is 0.5-3h, and separating to obtain a liquid phase and a slag phase after defluorination is finished, wherein the slag phase is rare earth fluoride;
s2, alkali dissolution: adding an alkali-soluble reagent into the rare earth fluoride of the S1 slag phase, separating after alkali dissolution to obtain an easily soluble fluoride and a rare earth hydroxide precipitate, and returning the regenerated rare earth hydroxide precipitate to the deep defluorination process;
s3, dechlorination: and dechlorinating the liquid phase subjected to the S1 deep defluorination by using a silver nitrate solution to obtain silver chloride and high-concentration acid subjected to defluorination and chlorination, and reserving the prepared high-concentration acid for industrial use.
In order to more clearly show the technical scheme and the technical effects provided by the present invention, the method for high-value treatment of high-concentration industrial waste acid provided by the present invention is described in detail below with specific examples.
Example 1
A method for removing fluorine and chlorine ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid,
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, 500ml of high-concentration industrial waste acid is taken, wherein the high-concentration industrial waste acid contains 50g/L of H2SO4200g/L HNO3(ii) a Adding 50ml of cerium hydroxide and lanthanum mixed solution with the molar concentration of 4mol/L (1:10 mixing) and 7ml of oxalic acid with the molar concentration of 1.5mol/L into waste acid to be used as a defluorinating agent for deep defluorination, carrying out defluorination reaction for 1h, filtering and separating after defluorination is finished to obtain a liquid phase and a slag phase, wherein the slag phase is a mixture of cerium fluoride and lanthanum fluoride; regenerating the mixture of cerium fluoride and lanthanum fluoride by using 300g/L sodium hydroxide solution to obtain the mixture of sodium fluoride, cerium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide, and preparing a defluorinating agent by adding 7ml oxalic acid with the molar concentration of 2mol/L into the mixture of cerium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide, returning to the deep defluorination process and recycling; and 270g of silver nitrate is added into the liquid phase for dechlorination, 200g/L of high-concentration acid and silver chloride are obtained, the recovery rate of the nitric acid is 96%, and the high-concentration acid can be reserved for industrial use.
Example 2
A method for removing fluorine and chlorine ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid,
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, 500ml of high-concentration industrial waste acid is taken, wherein the high-concentration industrial waste acid contains 150g/L of H2SO4200g/L HNO3(ii) a Adding 20ml of cerium hydroxide and lanthanum mixed solution with the molar concentration of 4mol/L (1:4 mixing) and 8.5ml of oxalic acid with the molar concentration of 1.8mol/L into the waste acid to be used as a defluorinating agent for deep defluorination, carrying out defluorination reaction for 0.5h, filtering and separating after defluorination is finished to obtain a liquid phase and a slag phase, wherein the slag phase is a mixture of cerium fluoride and lanthanum fluoride; regenerating the mixture of cerium fluoride and lanthanum fluoride by using 50g/L potassium hydroxide solution to obtain the mixture of potassium fluoride, cerium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide, and preparing a defluorinating agent by adding 8.5ml oxalic acid with the molar concentration of 1.8mol/L into the mixture of cerium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide, returning the defluorinating agent to the deep defluorination process and recycling the defluorinating agent; and simultaneously adding 67.45g of silver nitrate into the liquid phase to remove chlorine to obtain 50g/L of high-concentration acid and silver chloride, wherein the recovery rate of the nitric acid is 99 percent, and the high-concentration acid can be reserved for industrial use.
Example 3
A method for removing fluorine and chlorine ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid,
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, 500ml of high-concentration industrial waste acid is taken, wherein the high-concentration industrial waste acid contains 200g/L of H2SO4300g/L HNO3(ii) a Adding 40ml of cerium hydroxide and lanthanum mixed solution with the molar concentration of 4mol/L (1:1 mixing) and 9ml of oxalic acid with the molar concentration of 0.5mol/L into the waste acid as a defluorinating agent for deep defluorination, carrying out defluorination reaction for 2.5 hours, filtering and separating after defluorination is finished to obtain a liquid phase and a slag phase, wherein the slag phase is a mixture of cerium fluoride and lanthanum fluoride; regenerating the mixture of cerium fluoride and lanthanum fluoride by using 350g/L sodium hydroxide solution to obtain the mixture of sodium fluoride, cerium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide, and preparing a defluorinating agent by adding 9ml oxalic acid with the molar concentration of 0.5mol/L into the mixture of cerium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide, returning to the deep defluorination process and recycling; meanwhile, 337.25g of silver nitrate is added into the liquid phase for dechlorination, 250g/L of high-concentration acid and silver chloride are obtained, the recovery rate of the nitric acid is 95%, and the high-concentration acid can be reserved for industrial use.
Example 4
A method for removing fluorine and chlorine ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid,
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, 500ml of high-concentration industrial waste acid is taken, wherein the high-concentration industrial waste acid contains 100g/L of H2SO4250g/L HNO3(ii) a Adding 30ml of cerium hydroxide and lanthanum mixed solution (6:1 mixed) with the molar concentration of 4mol/L and 10ml of oxalic acid with the molar concentration of 0.9mol/L into the waste acid to be used as a defluorinating agent for deep defluorination, carrying out defluorination reaction for 3 hours, and filtering and separating after defluorination is finished to obtain a liquid phase and a slag phase, wherein the slag phase is a mixture of cerium fluoride and lanthanum fluoride; regenerating the mixture of cerium fluoride and lanthanum fluoride by using a 200g/L potassium hydroxide solution to obtain a mixture of potassium fluoride, cerium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide, and preparing a defluorinating agent by adding 10ml oxalic acid with the molar concentration of 0.9mol/L into the mixture of cerium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide, returning to the deep defluorination process and recycling; and simultaneously, 404.7g of silver nitrate is added into the liquid phase for dechlorination to obtain 300g/L of high-concentration acid and silver chloride, the recovery rate of the nitric acid is 96 percent, and the high-concentration acid can be reserved for industrial use.
Example 5
A method for removing fluorine and chlorine ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid,
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, 500ml of high-concentration industrial waste acid is taken, wherein the high-concentration industrial waste acid contains 200g/L of H2SO450g/L of HNO3(ii) a Adding 45ml of cerium hydroxide and lanthanum mixed solution with the molar concentration of 4mol/L (10:1 mixing) and 8.7ml of oxalic acid with the molar concentration of 1mol/L into the waste acid to be used as a defluorinating agent for deep defluorination, carrying out defluorination reaction for 2.5 hours, filtering and separating after defluorination is finished to obtain a liquid phase and a slag phase, wherein the slag phase is a mixture of cerium fluoride and lanthanum fluoride; regenerating the mixture of cerium fluoride and lanthanum fluoride by using 250g/L sodium hydroxide solution to obtain the mixture of sodium fluoride, cerium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide, and preparing a defluorinating agent by adding 8.7ml oxalic acid with the molar concentration of 1mol/L into the mixture of cerium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide, returning to the deep defluorination process and recycling; meanwhile, 202.35g of silver nitrate is added into the liquid phase for dechlorination, 150g/L of high-concentration acid and silver chloride are obtained, the recovery rate of the nitric acid is 98%, and the high-concentration acid can be reserved for industrial use.
Example 6
A method for removing fluorine and chlorine ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid,
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, 500ml of high-concentration industrial waste acid is taken, wherein the high-concentration industrial waste acid contains 250g/L of H2SO4100g/L of HNO3(ii) a Adding 35ml of cerium hydroxide solution with the molar concentration of 4mol/L and 9ml of oxalic acid with the molar concentration of 2mol/L into waste acid to be used as a defluorinating agent for deep defluorination, carrying out defluorination reaction for 2 hours, and filtering and separating after defluorination is finished to obtain a liquid phase and a slag phase, wherein the slag phase is cerium fluoride; regenerating cerium fluoride by using 100g/L sodium hydroxide solution to obtain sodium fluoride and cerium hydroxide, preparing a defluorinating agent by adding 9ml oxalic acid with the molar concentration of 2mol/L into the cerium hydroxide, returning to the deep defluorination process, and recycling; meanwhile, 337.25g of silver nitrate is added into the liquid phase for dechlorination, 250g/L of high-concentration acid and silver chloride are obtained, the recovery rate of the nitric acid is 97%, and the high-concentration acid can be reserved for industrial use.
Example 7
A method for removing fluorine and chlorine ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid,
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, 500ml of high-concentration industrial waste acid is taken, wherein the content of the high-concentration industrial waste acid is 200g/L of H2SO4200g/L HNO3(ii) a Adding 25ml of lanthanum hydroxide solution with the molar concentration of 4mol/L and 8ml of oxalic acid with the molar concentration of 0.7mol/L into waste acid to be used as a defluorinating agent for deep defluorination, carrying out defluorination reaction for 1.5h, filtering and separating after defluorination is finished to obtain a liquid phase and a slag phase, wherein the slag phase is lanthanum fluoride; regenerating lanthanum fluoride by using 150g/L potassium hydroxide solution to obtain potassium fluoride lanthanum hydroxide, preparing a fluorine removal agent by adding 8ml of oxalic acid with the molar concentration of 0.7mol/L into the lanthanum hydroxide, returning to the deep defluorination process, and recycling; meanwhile, 269.8g of silver nitrate is added into the liquid phase for dechlorination, 200g/L of high-concentration acid and silver chloride are obtained, the recovery rate of the nitric acid is 99%, and the high-concentration acid can be reserved for industrial use.
In conclusion, the method can remove fluorine and chlorine ions in the high-concentration industrial waste acid, and the used fluorine removing agent can be recycled, so that the production cost is saved, the environmental protection requirement of clean production is met, and the industrial production is facilitated.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A method for removing fluorine and chloride ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid is characterized by comprising the steps of adding rare earth hydroxide solution and a fluorine removing agent of oxalic acid into the high-concentration industrial waste acid for defluorination treatment to obtain a slag phase and a liquid phase; then carrying out alkali dissolution separation on the slag phase after defluorination treatment to obtain soluble fluoride and rare earth hydroxide precipitate, and using the rare earth hydroxide precipitate and oxalic acid as a defluorination agent for a new round of defluorination treatment; simultaneously, adding a silver nitrate solution into the liquid phase after defluorination to obtain silver chloride precipitate and high-concentration acid, and using the high-concentration acid in the stainless steel acid pickling process;
the high-concentration industrial waste acid contains F-、Cl-、H2SO4、HNO3
2. The method for removing fluorine and chloride ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, deep defluorination: adding rare earth hydroxide solution and oxalic acid into high-concentration industrial waste acid for deep defluorination, wherein the defluorination reaction time is 0.5-3h, and separating to obtain a liquid phase and a slag phase after defluorination is finished, wherein the slag phase is rare earth fluoride;
s2, alkali dissolution: adding an alkali-soluble reagent into the rare earth fluoride of the S1 slag phase, separating after alkali dissolution to obtain an easily soluble fluoride and a rare earth hydroxide precipitate, and returning the regenerated rare earth hydroxide precipitate to the deep defluorination process;
s3, dechlorination: and dechlorinating the liquid phase subjected to the deep defluorination of S1 by using a silver nitrate solution to obtain silver chloride and high-concentration acid subjected to the defluorination and chlorination, and returning the prepared high-concentration acid to the stainless steel pickling process.
3. The method for removing fluorine and chloride ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid according to claim 1, wherein the high-concentration industrial waste acid contains 50-300 g/L of H2SO450-300 g/L of HNO3
4. The method for removing fluorine and chloride ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid according to claim 2, wherein the rare earth hydroxide solution is one solution or a mixed solution of two solutions of cerium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide.
5. The method for removing fluorine and chloride ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid according to claim 4, wherein the mixing ratio of cerium hydroxide to lanthanum hydroxide in the mixed solution of cerium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide is 1:10-10: 1.
6. The method for removing fluorine and chloride ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid according to claim 2, wherein the alkali-soluble reagent is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution.
7. The method for removing fluorine and chloride ions from high-concentration industrial waste acid according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the high-concentration acid is 50-300 g/L, and the recovery rate is up to 95-99%.
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