CN108640499B - Preparation method and device of basalt fiber particles - Google Patents

Preparation method and device of basalt fiber particles Download PDF

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CN108640499B
CN108640499B CN201810593246.2A CN201810593246A CN108640499B CN 108640499 B CN108640499 B CN 108640499B CN 201810593246 A CN201810593246 A CN 201810593246A CN 108640499 B CN108640499 B CN 108640499B
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fiber
basalt fiber
basalt
asphalt
fibers
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CN108640499A (en
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肖菁
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Changsha North American New Mstar Technology Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/10—Non-chemical treatment
    • C03B37/16—Cutting or severing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
    • C03C13/06—Mineral fibres, e.g. slag wool, mineral wool, rock wool
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/38—Fibrous materials; Whiskers
    • C04B14/46—Rock wool ; Ceramic or silicate fibres
    • C04B14/4643—Silicates other than zircon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/36—Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B26/26—Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/0075—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for road construction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength

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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method and a device of basalt fiber particles. The invention realizes the effective dispersion of the basalt fiber cotton through shearing and screening to obtain the granular basalt fiber. The basalt fiber particles can greatly improve various performance indexes of the asphalt mixture; and the granular basalt fibers can realize large-scale production, and have relatively low cost and obvious advantages.

Description

Preparation method and device of basalt fiber particles
The application is a divisional application of an invention patent application (application number: 201710239212.9, application date: 2017.04.13, invention name: basalt fiber particles and a preparation method and application thereof).
Technical Field
The invention relates to basalt fiber particles and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of basalt fibers.
Background
The flocculent basalt fiber cotton is prepared by melting basalt, other ores, slag and other chemical components according to a certain proportion and then performing a centrifugal method, and the average length of the fiber is more than or equal to 30 mm and the average particle size of a fiber group is more than or equal to 20 mm as determined by a fiber forming process. The flocculent mineral fiber cotton has good effect of thermal insulation and heat preservation because the fiber clusters are not easy to disperse due to too long fibers, but when the flocculent mineral fiber cotton is used in an asphalt mixture, because the viscosity of the asphalt is high, the flocculent mineral fiber cotton is not easy to uniformly disperse, and the doping amount of the flocculent mineral fiber cotton is very small due to the economical determination of the doping amount, generally 2 per mill to 5 per mill of the weight of the asphalt mixture, so that the flocculent mineral fiber cotton cannot play a good role of tackifying, strengthening and stabilizing the asphalt in the asphalt mixture.
The basalt mineral fiber cotton produced by the melt centrifugation method or the blow-spraying method has the characteristics of simple fiber forming process and low production cost, but the silicate fiber has high modulus and the micro cracks on the surface of the fiber are easy to cause the expansion of the defects of the fiber. CN103044877A discloses a composite material containing modified basalt fiber and polymer and a preparation method thereof, in a fiber forming process, a certain amount of surface treatment agent (such as heavy oil, polyethylene glycol, etc.) with good compatibility with asphalt is added, so that the fiber quality and the fiber forming rate can be improved, and some defects caused by the process can be overcome. Other surfactants which may be used are sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium stearate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, beta-cyclodextrin, polyoxyethylene wax, polyethylene wax, tween, octadecylamine, hyperdispersant and gum arabic, etc., and the coupling agents used are KH540, KH550, KH560, SG-Si900, NDZ-101, NDZ-201, TTS, OL-AT1618, DL411, etc. Researches show that the addition of a proper amount of surfactant or coupling agent can ensure that the modified basalt fiber is dispersed in an organic medium more uniformly and the compatibility and the bonding force between the modified basalt fiber and a polymer in the composite material are increased.
The basalt fiber can also be prepared by a platinum rhodium alloy wire drawing bushing method, but because the number of the bushing holes is less, the number is generally 200-400 meshes, the fiber forming efficiency is lower, and the fiber cost is high. And (4) performing surface treatment on the molten melt wire drawing, and then cutting to obtain the chopped strand of the basalt fiber. The fiber bundles are extremely difficult to disperse in the asphalt mixture within a mixing time of tens of seconds.
In engineering practice, no matter what process is used to prepare the basalt fibers, the fibers need to be uniformly dispersed in the asphalt mixture to form an effective three-dimensional network asphalt-based resin fiber composite material system. Otherwise, the damage of the asphalt pavement can be caused. Therefore, one of the keys to the use of such fibers in asphalt mixtures is to allow the fibers to disperse uniformly and rapidly within a dozen seconds to meet the tact requirements of construction applications.
In previous researches of the applicant, the fiber is also considered to be made into fiber cotton with a certain particle size, for example, CN101255011 discloses basalt mineral fiber for asphalt concrete, and in order to solve the dispersibility of the fiber in a mixture, the fiber is made into the fiber cotton with the average particle size of 4-8 mm. The applicant has found that a relatively single size fraction is not ideal for the reinforcing effect of asphalt concrete. The aggregate of the asphalt mixture is composed of stones with different grain sizes according to a certain grading proportion, and the stones form an asphalt mixture structure system which is mutually embedded and extruded. Granular fiber clusters with different sizes are more easily and evenly distributed in the aggregate system to form a fiber asphalt composite material system.
In other prior art, basalt fibers added to asphalt concrete are made by a wire drawing process and added to the asphalt mixture in the form of chopped strands. The basalt fiber prepared by a centrifugal method or a blowing method cannot be used for reinforcing the asphalt mixture because of extremely poor dispersion of fiber cotton.
Compared with the fiber forming process by a wire drawing bushing method, the fiber forming process by adopting a centrifugal method or a blowing method has three advantages. Firstly, the average diameter of basalt fiber prepared by a high-speed centrifugal method or a blowing method is 1-8 μm, while the average diameter of continuous basalt fiber prepared by a wire drawing method is 13-21 μm, the thinner the fiber is, the larger the specific surface area of the fiber per unit weight is, and the thinner fiber is more ideal for the thickening effect of asphalt in practical use. Second, the centrifugal or blow-spray method is much less expensive to produce than the platinum rhodium bushing method. Third, the production efficiency per unit yield is much higher and the energy consumption is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The basalt fiber prepared by a centrifugal method or a blowing method has larger fiber technical advantages, cost advantages and capacity advantages, but the flocculent basalt fiber has extremely poor dispersion of fiber cotton due to the limit of a fiber forming process, so that the flocculent basalt fiber cannot be used for reinforcing the asphalt mixture. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to disperse, shear and granulate the basalt fiber cotton produced by the method and to blend the basalt fiber cotton into an asphalt mixture to enhance the performance of asphalt concrete.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide basalt fiber particles, wherein the average diameter of basalt fibers is not more than 8 microns, and the average length is 2-8 mm; acidity coefficient M of basalt fiberKIs in the range of 0.8 to 5.6,
Figure BDA0001691215020000021
wherein
Figure BDA0001691215020000022
WCaOAnd WMgORespectively represent SiO2、Al2O3CaO and MgO in the basalt fiber; the basalt fiber particles are composed of a plurality of flocculent basalt fibers, wherein the particle size distribution of the basalt fiber particles is as follows: the fraction of the grain size of 1mm or more and less than 5mm is 18-76%, the fraction of the grain size of 5mm or more and less than 12mm is 18-76%, and the fraction of other grain sizes is 3-16%.
Preferably, the particle size distribution of the basalt fiber particles is as follows: the particle size fraction with the particle size of not less than 1mm and less than 3mm is 7-30%, the particle size fraction with the particle size of not less than 3mm and less than 5mm is 9-46%, the particle size fraction with the particle size of not less than 5mm and less than 7mm is 6-29%, the particle size fraction with the particle size of not less than 7mm and less than 9mm is 6-32%, the particle size fraction with the particle size of not less than 9mm and less than 12mm is 6-15%, and the particle size fractions with other particle sizes are 3-10%. The stepped distribution of the particle sizes aims to uniformly distribute the fiber clusters in an aggregate gradation combination of the asphalt mixture in an optimized combination form at an extremely small proportion.
Preferably, the basalt fiber particles have a proportion of non-fibrous material (shot) due to the limitation of the preparation method, the content of the non-fibrous material (shot) is mainly determined by the screen residue of wet screening, the non-fibrous material (shot) in the invention has a screen residue of less than or equal to 30 percent (i.e. the content of the shot is less than or equal to 30 percent, preferably less than or equal to 25 percent) passing through a screen hole with 63 micrometers, and the screen residue of less than or equal to 10 percent (i.e. the content of the shot is less than or equal to 10 percent, preferably less than or equal to 5 percent) passing through a screen hole with. The method for testing the content of non-fibrous substances (shot) is determined by referring to the national standard (GB/T5480.5-2004-test method for the content of shot of mineral wool and products thereof).
Preferably, the basalt fibers preferably have an average diameter of no more than 6 microns, more preferably no more than 5 microns; the average length is preferably 4-5 mm.
Preferably, the oil absorption of the basalt fiber particles after soaking in kerosene for half an hour is more than 2 times of the weight of the basalt fiber.
Preferably, the invention also provides a shearing device for dispersing the basalt fiber cotton, which comprises a cutter and a mounting seat for mounting the cutter, wherein the cutter is movably connected with the mounting seat.
Preferably, the cutter and the mounting seat are connected through a flexible hinge.
Preferably, the invention also provides a device for dispersing the basalt fiber cotton, which comprises the shearing device and the screening device, wherein the screening device is positioned below the shearing device; the screen mesh in the screening device is preferably arc-shaped; preferably, the aperture of the sieve is 3-23 mm.
Preferably, the invention also provides a preparation method of the granular basalt fiber, which comprises the steps of shearing the basalt fiber cotton by using the rotating cutter in the shearing device, and then screening, wherein undersize products are basalt fiber granules.
Preferably, the basalt fiber cotton is prepared by a centrifugal method or a blowing method.
Preferably, the basalt fiber has an acidity coefficient MKIs in the range of 1-3.6,
Figure BDA0001691215020000031
wherein
Figure BDA0001691215020000032
Figure BDA0001691215020000033
WCaOAnd WMgORespectively represent SiO2、Al2O3CaO and MgO in the basalt fiber.
Preferably, the invention also provides the application of the basalt fiber particles in asphalt concrete; wherein the addition amount of the basalt fiber particles is preferably 0.2-0.5% of the weight of the asphalt mixture.
Preferably, the invention also provides a preparation method of the basalt fiber reinforced asphalt mixture, which comprises the following steps: (1) shearing and screening the basalt fiber cotton prepared by the centrifugal method or the blowing method by the shearing device to obtain basalt fiber particles; (2) the basalt fiber particles are mixed into a hot storage hopper of the asphalt mixture according to the proportion of 0.1-0.8% of the weight of the asphalt mixture, and the mixture is stirred to obtain the basalt fiber reinforced asphalt mixture.
When the fiber is used in asphalt mixture with an aggregate embedded and extruded structure, such as SMA mixture, the key technical requirements of design and construction mix proportion are different from the technical requirements of the existing JTG F40-2004 technical Specification for road asphalt pavement construction. It is characterized in that: VMA is more than or equal to 14.5 percent, VFA is 65-80 percent, void ratio is 3.0-4.5 percent, leakage rate of mixture is less than or equal to 0.2 percent, and clearance VCAMmix of a coarse aggregate framework is less than or equal to VCADRCThe fiber mixing amount is 0.35-0.5% of the weight of the asphalt mixture.
For the convenience of understanding, the basalt fiber granule in the present invention, also called granulated basalt fiber, is made up of several individual basalt fibers in a random manner, so that the basalt fibers inside are distributed in a flocculent form with respect to the individual granules, and thus may be called flocculent granules. The basalt fiber cotton is a cotton-shaped product directly obtained by a centrifugal method or a blowing method, has larger size and cannot be directly applied to asphalt concrete.
The asphalt mixture is an asphalt-base resin composite material formed by mixing aggregate with different diameters, mineral powder, asphalt, other additives and modifiers according to a certain gradation proportion, the function of doping basalt fiber flocculent particles in the material system is that the fibers are very fine, the average fiber diameter can be less than or equal to 5 microns, the fibers have larger specific surface area to interact with the asphalt to absorb and tackify, so that the thickness of an asphalt film in the asphalt mixture can be increased, the viscosity and the toughness of the asphalt are increased, and a matrix material and a particle type material are doped in the matrix material to form the matrix and fiber composite material. By "composite," it is meant that the fibers and matrix are a physical composite stack. The two materials exist in independent substance forms, so that the composite material can superpose the advantages of the matrix material and the fiber material. The 'composite material' is the only scientific means of increasing elasticity, strengthening and toughening simultaneously, and the defect that the brittleness is increased while the elasticity and the strengthening are performed by the 'alloying' method is avoided.
From the practical requirement of asphalt pavement to resist deformation, high temperature elasticity (viscosity) enhancement of asphalt is desired. In view of the requirement for low temperature cracking of asphalt pavement, it is desirable not to increase the modulus of elasticity of asphalt at low temperatures.
The fiber is used as a composite material reinforcing and elasticity increasing element, so that the reinforcing fiber is an elastomer. The viscosity η of a fiber composite pitch can be expressed by Einstein (Einstein) mixing ratio [ du qinghua, et al.
η＝ηm(1+KE Vf) (1)
In the formula: eta is the viscosity of the fiber composite asphalt; etamIs the viscosity of the bitumen; kEIs an einstein coefficient; vfIs the volume percentage of the fiber.
Einstein coefficient KEIs related to the aspect ratio (l/d) of the fibers. When l/d>1 time, KE>2.5, K Only if there is relative slippage at the interface of the fibres and the bitumen (continuous phase)EWill be less than 2.5 and even reduced to 1. This is why good adhesion of the fibres to the bitumen is required. The viscosity of the fiber composite asphalt is related to the adding amount of the fibers and the length-diameter ratio of the fibers.
At low temperatures the pitch behaves as an elastic material, and the modulus of elasticity G of the fiber composite pitch can be expressed as:
G＝Gm(1-Vf)+GfVf (2)
in the formula: gmIs the modulus of elasticity of the bitumen; gfIs the modulus of elasticity of the fiber. The elastic modulus of the fiber composite asphalt is related to the adding amount of the fibers and the elastic modulus of the fibers.
The formulae (1) to (2) indicate:
1. the addition amount of the fiber is not limited, so the tackifying effect is not limited;
2. fibrous adhesion promoting factor KEIndependent of temperature.
Because the elasticity (viscosity) of the fiber is independent of the temperature, the low-temperature toughness of the asphalt is not damaged, and the viscosity of the asphalt can be effectively compensated when the viscosity of the asphalt is reduced at high temperature. Thus, fibers are, by nature, benign tackifying materials. The elasticity (viscosity) increasing function of the fiber is an important means for solving the problem of the rut deformation defect of the asphalt pavement.
For short fiber reinforced composite material with random spatial distribution, the composite material of 'asphalt and fiber' has the bending strength sigmacuCan be expressed as follows:
σcu＝σfu Vf Co/K+σ'mu(1-Vf) (3)
in the formula: sigmafuRepresents the tensile yield strength of the fiber; sigma'muRepresenting the stress assumed by the matrix corresponding to the failure of the composite; vfRepresents the volume percentage of the fiber; k represents the maximum stress concentration factor; cOIs the fiber orientation factor.
The above-mentioned mechanical theory of composite material shows that the strength sigma of short-fibre reinforced composite materialcuAnd fibre strength sigmafuAnd the amount of added fiber VfThe linear proportional relation is formed, and the short fibers distributed in random space have larger orientation factors than chopped fiber tows, so the reinforcing performance is better.
Because the average diameter of basalt fibers produced by the drawing process is generally relatively coarse, greater than 8 microns, and may reach 20 microns or even more, it is unlikely that the average fiber diameter of less than 5 microns, or even less than 4 microns, which can be achieved by the centrifugal or blow-blowing processes, will be achieved. Such finer fiber diameters are better for the viscosification of the asphalt mixture because of the large "specific surface area" of the material per unit weight.
The chopped basalt fiber produced by the wire drawing method has fixed fiber length, for example, all the chopped basalt fiber is fixed in length, such as 6mm or 8 mm. The invention discovers that the basalt fiber chopped strand is lack of certain length distribution, and compared with the basalt fiber prepared by the dispersive centrifugal method or the blowing method, the basalt fiber chopped strand has relatively weak tackifying effect.
The basalt fiber produced by the centrifugal method or the blow-blow method has a fiber length distribution which is continuous within a certain interval, for example, within 1 to 12mm, preferably within 2 to 10mm, and more preferably within 3 to 8 mm. The continuity is determined by the preparation method of the basalt fiber, the basalt fiber cotton obtained by a centrifugal method or a blowing method has a wider fiber length distribution interval, and the distribution of the fiber length in a certain interval basically belongs to probability distribution according to the shearing action of the movable cutter head and is completely different from short cut filaments.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the effective dispersion of the basalt fiber cotton is realized through shearing and screening, and the granular basalt fiber is obtained. Because the basalt fiber cotton belongs to inorganic fibers, the abrasion loss of the cutter is large, and the cutter for cutting the basalt fiber cotton is easily abraded, so that when the industrial application needs large-scale capacity, the large-scale production is difficult to realize due to the limitation of the cutter. And for the basalt fiber cotton, after the cutter cuts for a period of time, more basalt fiber cotton is adhered to the cutter, so that the cutter cannot effectively cut. The invention utilizes the movable cutter head to well solve the technical problem, the cutter is movably connected with the mounting seat, on one hand, the modulus of the cutter is greatly reduced; on the other hand, the rotating tool itself can also rotate relatively freely, and it can also be difficult for fibers to adhere to the tool.
The granular basalt fiber reinforced asphalt concrete with the granularity distribution can greatly improve various performance indexes of the asphalt concrete; and the granular basalt fiber can realize large-scale production, and has relatively low cost and obvious advantages.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of granulated basalt fiber (left side) and flocculent basalt fiber wool (right side).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1: the embodiment provides a preparation method of basalt fiber flocculent particle reinforced asphalt concrete.
Using basalt and other mineral materials and slag as raw materials, according to the main acidic oxide component of the materialThe ratio is the acidity coefficient MkThe formulation was made as 1.4, with the weight percentages of the main silicate acid oxides being:
Figure BDA0001691215020000061
melting the material, forming fiber by a multi-shaft high-speed centrifugation method, preparing basalt fiber cotton (the structural schematic diagram is shown on the right side of figure 1) with a flocculent structure, placing the flocculent basalt fiber cotton into a multi-cutter head 5 coupling action kettle, and cutting and screening the flocculent basalt fiber cotton by a movable cutter head to obtain granular basalt fiber;
physical morphology and characteristics of the basalt mineral fibre granules after shaping (left side of fig. 1):
Figure BDA0001691215020000062
Figure BDA0001691215020000071
then the basalt fiber flocculent particles are sent into (or manually placed into) a hot bunker of an asphalt mixing plant through a dense-phase gas conveying system to be mixed with other asphalt mixture to form a three-dimensional network asphalt-based resin fiber composite material system. It can increase the viscosity and toughness of asphalt, thus improving the rutting resistance, cracking resistance and freeze-thaw resistance of asphalt pavement, and being beneficial to the later-stage cyclic recycling of asphalt mixture.
Through tests, the asphalt concrete has the following performance indexes:
1. schrenberg leak test (beaker method)
The test conditions are as follows: the test temperature is 185 ℃; and (5) carrying out leakage test after heat preservation for 1 hour. The test results are shown in Table 1-1.
TABLE 1-1 leak test at optimum oilstone ratio
Grading type Oil-stone ratio Leakage 1 Leak 2 Leak 3 Average Require that
SMA13 5.6 0.070％ 0.050％ 0.070％ 0.060％ ≤
2. Kentburg fly-off test
The test conditions are as follows: soaking a Marshall test piece of the SMA for 20 hours at the temperature of 20 ℃; the fly-away test was then performed using a los Angeles abrasion tester rotating 300 times. The test results are shown in tables 1-2.
Tables 1-2 fly-off test at optimum oilstone ratio
Figure BDA0001691215020000072
3. Water damage resistance test
SMA13 asphalt mix was mixed at the optimum oilstone ratio and tested for water damage performance of the compacted mix.
(1) The results of the immersion Marshall test are shown in tables 1-3.
TABLE 1-3 Marshall stability test results in immersion
Figure BDA0001691215020000081
(2) The results of the freeze-thaw cleavage test are shown in tables 1-4.
Tables 1-4 Freeze-thaw cleavage test results
Figure BDA0001691215020000082
4. High temperature stability test
The high temperature stability test was performed at the optimum oilstone ratio and the rut test results are shown in tables 1-5.
Tables 1-5 summary of rut test results
Figure BDA0001691215020000083
5. Conclusion of indoor proportioning design
Through the target mixing proportion design of the SMA13 modified asphalt mixture (basalt fiber), the conclusion is shown in tables 1-6:
tables 1-6 volume indices for target grading
Figure BDA0001691215020000084
Through a mixture correlation verification test, the water stability, the high-temperature stability and various performances of the designed SMA13 modified asphalt mixture (basalt fiber) are shown to meet the technical requirements of JTG F40-2004 technical Specification for construction of road asphalt pavement.
Example 2: the embodiment provides a preparation method of basalt fiber flocculent particle reinforced asphalt concrete.
Using specially-selected basalt and other mineral materials and slag as raw material, and using the ratio of main acidic oxide component of said material as acidity coefficient MkThe formulation was carried out as 2.8, with the weight percentages of the main silicate acid oxides being:
Figure BDA0001691215020000091
the material is melted and formed into fiber by a multi-shaft high-speed centrifugation method to prepare basalt fiber cotton (the average fiber length is more than or equal to 28mm), and then the basalt fiber cotton is put into a multi-cutter head 5 coupling reaction kettle to be processed into basalt fiber flocculent particles with the following physical forms and characteristics:
Figure BDA0001691215020000092
and then the basalt fiber particles are put into (or manually fed into) a hot storage bin of an asphalt mixing plant through a dense-phase gas conveying system to be mixed with other asphalt mixture to form a three-dimensional network asphalt-based resin fiber composite material system. It can increase the viscosity and toughness of asphalt, thus improving the rutting resistance, cracking resistance and freeze-thaw resistance of asphalt pavement, and being beneficial to the later-stage cyclic recycling of asphalt mixture. Through the test, various performance indexes of the asphalt concrete are as follows.
1. Kentburg fly-off test
The test conditions are as follows: immersing Marshall test pieces of AC20 at 20 ℃ for 20 hours; the fly-away test was then performed using a los Angeles abrasion tester rotating 300 times. The test results are shown in Table 2-1.
TABLE 2-1 flying test at optimum oilstone ratio
Figure BDA0001691215020000101
2. Water damage resistance test
The AC20 asphalt mixture was mixed at the optimum oilstone ratio and tested for water damage performance of the compacted mixture.
(1) The results of the immersion Marshall test are shown in Table 2-2.
TABLE 2-2 Water immersion Marshall stability test results
Figure BDA0001691215020000102
(2) The results of the freeze-thaw cleavage test are shown in tables 2-3.
TABLE 2-3 Freeze-thaw cleavage test results
Figure BDA0001691215020000103
3 high temperature stability test
The high temperature stability test was performed at the optimum oilstone ratio and the rut test results are shown in tables 2-4.
Tables 2-4 summary of rut test results
Figure BDA0001691215020000111
4. Conclusion of indoor proportioning design
Through the design of the target mixing proportion of the AC20 modified asphalt mixture (basalt fiber), the conclusion is shown in tables 2-5:
tables 2-5 volume indices for target grading
Figure BDA0001691215020000112
Through a mixture correlation verification test, the water stability, the high-temperature stability and various performances of the designed AC20 modified asphalt mixture (basalt fiber) are shown to meet the technical requirements.
Comparative example 1: the long basalt fiber cotton fibers which are not dispersed are doped into the asphalt concrete, and the long basalt fiber cotton fibers cannot be dispersed and bonded into a cluster at all, so that the subsequent test is difficult to carry out.
Comparative example 2: short cut threads of basalt fibers or glass fibers were incorporated into asphalt concrete and tested for comparison. The test conditions and effects are shown in the following table.
Figure BDA0001691215020000113
Figure BDA0001691215020000121
Comparative example 3: the test conditions and effects are shown in the following table, in comparison with basalt fiber particles without particle size distribution.
Figure BDA0001691215020000122

Claims (3)

1. The device for dispersing the basalt fiber cotton is characterized by comprising a shearing device and a screening device, wherein the screening device is positioned below the shearing device; the screen in the screening device is arc-shaped;
the shearing device comprises a cutter and a mounting seat for mounting the cutter, and the cutter is movably connected with the mounting seat;
the cutter and the mounting seat are connected through a flexible hinge.
2. A method for preparing basalt fiber granules by using the device for dispersing basalt fiber cotton of claim 1, characterized in that the basalt fiber cotton is sheared by the rotation of a cutter in the shearing device and then sieved, and undersize products are the basalt fiber granules.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the basalt fiber wool is produced by a centrifugal method or a blow-blow method.
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