CN108636366A - A kind of preparation method and application of the magnetic adsorptive material of absorption heavy metal - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method and application of the magnetic adsorptive material of absorption heavy metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN108636366A CN108636366A CN201810345017.9A CN201810345017A CN108636366A CN 108636366 A CN108636366 A CN 108636366A CN 201810345017 A CN201810345017 A CN 201810345017A CN 108636366 A CN108636366 A CN 108636366A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28009—Magnetic properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of the magnetic adsorptive material of absorption heavy metal, include the following steps：Carboxymethyl chitosan is dissolved in water obtained solution, the magnetic Fe of active carbon powder, oleic acid package is added in backward solution3O4Nano-particle and crosslinking agent obtain reaction system, the wherein magnetic Fe of carboxymethyl chitosan, active carbon powder and oleic acid package3O4The mass ratio of nano-particle is 1:(1~5):(1~5), it is 9~12 that pH is adjusted after reaction system is stirred evenly；Isothermal reaction 5~12 hours, are separated by solid-liquid separation after completion of the reaction under the conditions of reaction system is placed in 60~90 DEG C afterwards, and product is cleaned, dries, grinds after sieving up to magnetic adsorptive material.The magnetic material structures of the present invention are stablized, and specific surface area is more than 200m2/ g can be rapidly separated under externally-applied magnetic field, not generate secondary pollution, and material itself can be recycled for multiple times, and reduce soil remediation cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method and applications of sorbing material more particularly to a kind of the magnetic of absorption heavy metal to inhale
The preparation method and application of enclosure material belongs to soil pollution and recovery technique field.
Background technology
Arable land is basic resources for the survival of mankind and condition.Second national land investigation shows the arable land face in China
Product is 13538 × 104hm2(20.31 hundred million mu).The national Soil Pollution Investigation bulletin of Environmental Protection Department 2014 shows, I
State's Farmland Soil Pollution is on the rise, and arable soil point exceeding standard rate reaches 19.4%, cadmium, nickel, copper, arsenic, mercury, lead, DDT
Become major pollutants with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.Soil pollutant is difficult to spread and dilute, and pollution once is difficult to restore, if
It administers, needs high cost and very long period.
Soil pollution is there are many approach, and wherein multiple crop index is high, apply fertilizer unreasonable, indiscriminate use of pesticide, unreasonable farming
And farmland management makes soil Mineral Elements, by a large amount of bands to arable layer, salination occur with the evaporation of moisture.Soil granular knot
The hydrogen ion or aluminium ion of the adsorption of organo mineral complex or aluminosilicate clay-sized mineral in structure are replaced out, at
For free state ion, make soil acidification.After ion is replaced, crumb structure is very unstable and is gradually disintegrated, and soil just becomes
It is no longer loose, soil start it is hardened, occur retain water and nutrients performance variation, nutrient lack of proper care phenomena such as.Therefore soil remediation cannot
It is carried out again after pollution, just should be taken that when finding that heavy metal in soil content increases, prevent pollution.The Ministry of Agriculture advises
It draws and arrives zero target of the year two thousand twenty realization fertilizer application amount, propose to improve farmland quality level for different regions different technologies, change
Good soil, control pollution strive that the year two thousand twenty arable land basic topography improves 0.5 grade or more, and the soil organism improves
0.2%, arable land acidification, salination, pollute the problems such as be effectively controlled.
The pollution remediation technology of soil can be divided into：(1) change the occurrence patterns of pollutant in the soil or the knot with soil
Conjunction mode reduces its migration and bioavailability in the soil；(2) heavy metal in soil total amount is reduced；(3) change kind
Plant system, avoids heavy metal from being transmitted in food chain.Specific method have chemical stabilization, Soil leaching, heat treatment, electro reclamation,
Biological restoration and agronomic measures etc..All there are its advantage and disadvantage in each method.The processing cost of heat treatment method (vitrifying) compared with
Height changes the basic configuration of soil, it is also possible to discharge toxic gas；Dynamics reparation and biological prosthetic it cannot be removed effectively dirt
Contaminate the heavy metal in soil；Physically or chemically rehabilitation cost is higher and is impacted to the soil texture.Chemical stabilization recovery technique
It is both economical effective soil pollution recovery technique.
Chemical stabilization method is by the way that the external sources such as lime, clay ore, iron and manganese oxides and phosphorated material are added into soil
Additive adjusts and changes the physicochemical properties of heavy metal in the soil, it is made to generate the series reactions such as precipitation, absorption,
Its mobility and biological effectiveness in soil environment is reduced, to reduce toxicity of the heavy metal in soil to animals and plants.It is high
Effect, stable, green, economic chemically stable material are that soil chemistry stabilization repairs one of successful key factor.
The major defect of existing soil heavy mental adsorbent：1, the treatment effect of various heavy is not protruded.2、
Secondary pollution is easily caused when edaphic condition changes.3, rehabilitation cost is high, not reproducible use.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of magnetic suction of absorption heavy metal for deficiency existing for existing soil heavy mental adsorbent
The preparation method of enclosure material.
The technical solution that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows：
A kind of preparation method of the magnetic adsorptive material of absorption heavy metal, includes the following steps：
1) carboxymethyl chitosan is dissolved in water obtained solution, the magnetic of active carbon powder, oleic acid package is added in backward solution
Property Fe3O4Nano-particle and crosslinking agent obtain reaction system, the wherein magnetism of carboxymethyl chitosan, active carbon powder and oleic acid package
Fe3O4The mass ratio of nano-particle is 1:(1~5):(1~5), it is 9~12 that pH is adjusted after reaction system is stirred evenly；
2) isothermal reaction 5~12 hours under the conditions of reaction system being placed in 60~90 DEG C carry out solid-liquid point after completion of the reaction
From product is cleaned, dries, grinds after sieving up to magnetic adsorptive material.
Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
Further, the crosslinking agent is one or more compoundings in formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, epoxychloropropane.
Further, the mass ratio of the crosslinking agent and carboxymethyl chitosan is (0.5~3)：1.
The reaction process of preparation method of the present invention and mechanism description are as follows：
Crosslinking has generation with intermolecular in the molecule, under alkaline condition, the aldehyde radical in crosslinking agent and carboxymethyl chitosan
The amino reaction of sugar generates Schift alkali；Crosslinking agent and carboxymethyl chitosan, activated carbon, coated magnetic Fe3O4Oleic acid in hydroxyl
Base, carboxyl isoreactivity functional group cross-linking reaction two-by-two occurs, finally obtain micropore magnetic nano-particle, wherein Fe3O4With coordination
Form be combined with high molecular material, have certain magnetic.
The magnetic Fe of heretofore described oleic acid package3O4Nano-particle can be made by the following method：Inert atmosphere
In, by FeCl3·6H2O and FeSO4·7H2O, which is dissolved in deionized water, dissolves to obtain red tan solution, preferably FeCl3·6H2O and
FeSO4·7H2Fe in O3+With Fe2+Molar ratio be 1.75, ammonium hydroxide is added into solution, until pH value of solution be 9~14, ammonium hydroxide adds
Black precipitate, i.e. magnetic Fe are generated during entering3O4Nano-particle；Oleic acid is added in backward system, in stirring and 60-90 DEG C
Under conditions of reaction make Coated with Oleic Acid in magnetic Fe3O4The surface of nano-particle, after be washed to neutrality, it is dry to get.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1) present invention is raw material using water-soluble carboxymethyl chitosan, and due to introducing carboxylic acid group, it is poly- to improve shell
The water solubility of sugar, and enhance the ability that coordination is formed with heavy metal；
2) by carboxymethyl chitosan and magnetic Fe3O4After nano-particle, activated carbon crosslinking, the special duct of activated carbon is tied
Structure is combined with magnetic nano-particle, promotes the ability that coordination is formed with heavy metal, and reinforcement is carried from polluted soil
The ability of heavy metal is taken, while also reducing the cost of material；
3) magnetic material structures of the invention are stablized, and specific surface area is more than 200m2/ g can divide rapidly under externally-applied magnetic field
From, do not generate secondary pollution, material itself can be recycled for multiple times, reduce soil remediation cost.
The application that magnetic adsorptive material made from the above method repairs field in soil pollution is also claimed in the present invention.
The process repaired to soil using the magnetic adsorptive material obtained by the present invention is as follows：
It fetches earth in contaminated by heavy metals soil, according to the magnetic absorption material that 0.05~1kg is added in 1kg weight in wet base soil
Material, after the two is sufficiently mixed, adsorption time be 5~60 days.After the completion of absorption, the suction of heavy metal will be adsorbed under magnetic fields
Enclosure material is detached with soil, and the soil after adsorption treatment is backfilled.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the FT-IR spectrograms of 1 gained magnetic adsorptive material of embodiment；
Specific implementation mode
Principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with example, the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, and
It is non-to be used to limit the scope of the present invention.
The magnetic ferroferric oxide nano-particles of oleic acid package in Examples 1 to 3 are obtained by the following method：It is lazy
In property atmosphere, by FeCl3·6H2O and FeSO4·7H2O, which is dissolved in deionized water, dissolves to obtain red tan solution, FeCl3·6H2O and
FeSO4·7H2Fe in O3+With Fe2+Molar ratio be 1.75, ammonium hydroxide is added into solution, until pH value of solution be 9~14, ammonium hydroxide adds
Black precipitate is generated during entering, oleic acid is added in backward system, controls oleic acid and Fe3O4The molar ratio of the two is 96:1, in
Stirring and 80 DEG C under conditions of reaction 2h make Coated with Oleic Acid in magnetic Fe3O4The surface of nano-particle, after be washed to neutrality, in 60
In DEG C baking oven dry 6h to get.
Embodiment 1：
10g carboxymethyl chitosans are dissolved in 200ml water and are made into aqueous solution, 10g activity powdered carbons are added in backward aqueous solution
End, the magnetic ferroferric oxide nano-particles of 10g oleic acid package and 5g glutaraldehyde cross-linking agent, sodium hydroxide is added after being sufficiently stirred
Solution, it is 12 to adjust pH value, and reaction system is placed in constant temperature cross-linking reaction 7 hours, backward reaction product in 60 DEG C of constant temperature waters
Middle addition ethanol water is separated by solid-liquid separation, and is dried after product water and washes of absolute alcohol five times, is ground sieving and can be obtained magnetic
Property sorbing material.
Gained magnetic adsorptive material has been carried out FT-IR tests by us, and the results are shown in Figure 1, it will be seen from figure 1 that
1600cm-1Characteristic peak be C=O keys, 1070cm-1The absorption peak at place is CH2It is curved in the stretching vibration of C-H and the faces-OH in-COOH
Bent vibronic coupling and the characteristic absorption generated, show the presence of carboxymethyl.3400cm-1And 585cm-1It is Fe3O4Nano-particle
Characteristic peak.
In order to verify the technique effect of 1 gained magnetic adsorptive material of embodiment, we are by the material application of the gained of embodiment 1
In heavy-metal contaminated soil, according to 0.05kg magnetic adsorptive materials are added in 1kg weight in wet base soil, it is sufficiently mixed, adsorption time
It is 5 days.Under magnetic fields, the sorbing material for adsorbing heavy metal is detached with soil, various heavy metal removing rates such as table 1
It is shown.
Embodiment 2：
10g carboxymethyl chitosans are dissolved in 200ml water and are made into aqueous solution, 50g activity powdered carbons are added in backward aqueous solution
The magnetic ferroferric oxide nano-particles and 25g glyoxal crosslinking agents that end, 30g oleic acid wrap up, hydroxide is added after being sufficiently stirred
Sodium solution, it is 10 to adjust pH value, and reaction system is placed in constant temperature cross-linking reaction 12 hours in 90 DEG C of constant temperature waters, backward reaction production
Ethanol water is added in object, is separated by solid-liquid separation, is dried after product water and washes of absolute alcohol five times, grinds sieving and can be obtained
Magnetic adsorptive material.
In order to verify the technique effect of 2 gained magnetic adsorptive material of embodiment, we are by the material application of the gained of embodiment 2
In heavy-metal contaminated soil, according to 0.1kg magnetic adsorptive materials are added in 1kg weight in wet base soil, it is sufficiently mixed, adsorption time is
25 days.Under magnetic fields, the sorbing material for adsorbing heavy metal is detached with soil, various heavy metal removing rates such as table 1
It is shown.
Embodiment 3：
10g carboxymethyl chitosans are dissolved in 200ml water and are made into aqueous solution, 30g activity powdered carbons are added in backward aqueous solution
The magnetic ferroferric oxide nano-particles and 30g epichlorohydrin crosslinkers that end, 50g oleic acid wrap up, hydrogen is added after being sufficiently stirred
Sodium hydroxide solution, it is 9 to adjust pH value, and reaction system is placed in constant temperature cross-linking reaction 5 hours in 80 DEG C of constant temperature waters, backward to react
Ethanol water is added in product, is separated by solid-liquid separation, is dried after product water and washes of absolute alcohol five times, grinding sieving can obtain
To magnetic adsorptive material.
In order to verify the technique effect of 3 gained magnetic adsorptive material of embodiment, we are by the material application of the gained of embodiment 3
In heavy-metal contaminated soil, according to 0.01kg magnetic adsorptive materials are added in 1kg weight in wet base soil, it is sufficiently mixed, adsorption time
It is 60 days.Under magnetic fields, the sorbing material for adsorbing heavy metal is detached with soil, various heavy metal removing rates such as table
Shown in 1.
Removal rate of the magnetic adsorptive material of 1 Examples 1 to 3 of table to each heavy metal species
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of preparation method of the magnetic adsorptive material of absorption heavy metal, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1) carboxymethyl chitosan is dissolved in water obtained solution, the magnetism of active carbon powder, oleic acid package is added in backward solution
Fe3O4Nano-particle and crosslinking agent obtain reaction system, the wherein magnetism of carboxymethyl chitosan, active carbon powder and oleic acid package
Fe3O4The mass ratio of nano-particle is 1:(1~5):(1~5), it is 9~12 that pH is adjusted after reaction system is stirred evenly；
2) isothermal reaction 5~12 hours under the conditions of reaction system being placed in 60~90 DEG C, are separated by solid-liquid separation after completion of the reaction, production
Object is cleaned, dries, grinds after sieving up to magnetic adsorptive material.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the crosslinking agent be formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde,
One or more compoundings in epoxychloropropane.
3. preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the matter of the crosslinking agent and carboxymethyl chitosan
Amount is than being (0.5~3)：1.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the magnetic Fe of the oleic acid package3O4Nano-particle
Preparation method is as follows：In inert atmosphere, by FeCl3·6H2O and FeSO4·7H2O be dissolved in deionized water dissolve bronzing is molten
Ammonium hydroxide is added into solution for liquid, until pH value of solution is 9~14, ammonium hydroxide generates black precipitate, i.e. magnetic Fe during being added3O4
Nano-particle；Oleic acid is added in backward system, being reacted under conditions of stirring with 60~90 DEG C makes Coated with Oleic Acid in magnetic Fe3O4
The surface of nano-particle, after be washed to neutrality, it is dry to get.
5. preparation method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that FeCl3·6H2O and FeSO4·7H2Fe in O3+With Fe2 +Molar ratio be 1.75.
6. the magnetic adsorptive material obtained by method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 repairs field in soil pollution
Using.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109530418A (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2019-03-29 | 南京格洛特环境工程股份有限公司 | Heavy-metal contaminated soil restorative procedure |
| CN110282704A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-09-27 | 广东省测试分析研究所（中国广州分析测试中心） | A kind of electrochemical modification filler for water process |
| CN111498867A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-08-07 | 浙江建业微电子材料有限公司 | High-adsorption electronic-grade ammonia water manufacturing system |
| CN111517917A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-11 | 浙江建业微电子材料有限公司 | Production system of electronic grade isopropanol |
| CN111774039A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-16 | 中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Preparation and use of recyclable carboxymethyl chitosan/shell powder composite material capable of adsorbing Cd/Pb |
| CN112844340A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-05-28 | 毛星星 | Nano magnetic adsorbent with core-shell structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN115090275A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-23 | 南京工业大学 | Nano composite material for sewage treatment and application thereof |
| CN115106071A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-09-27 | 南京工业大学 | Novel magnetic material for sewage treatment and application thereof |
| CN115502195A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-12-23 | 浙江乾精新材料科技有限责任公司 | Method for quickly restoring saline-alkali soil |
| CN115569632A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2023-01-06 | 扬州工业职业技术学院 | Magnetic activated carbon fiber adsorbent and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109530418A (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2019-03-29 | 南京格洛特环境工程股份有限公司 | Heavy-metal contaminated soil restorative procedure |
| CN110282704A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-09-27 | 广东省测试分析研究所（中国广州分析测试中心） | A kind of electrochemical modification filler for water process |
| CN111498867A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-08-07 | 浙江建业微电子材料有限公司 | High-adsorption electronic-grade ammonia water manufacturing system |
| CN111517917A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-11 | 浙江建业微电子材料有限公司 | Production system of electronic grade isopropanol |
| CN111774039A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-16 | 中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Preparation and use of recyclable carboxymethyl chitosan/shell powder composite material capable of adsorbing Cd/Pb |
| CN112844340A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-05-28 | 毛星星 | Nano magnetic adsorbent with core-shell structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN115090275A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-23 | 南京工业大学 | Nano composite material for sewage treatment and application thereof |
| CN115106071A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-09-27 | 南京工业大学 | Novel magnetic material for sewage treatment and application thereof |
| CN115106071B (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2023-09-05 | 南京工业大学 | Magnetic material for sewage treatment and application thereof |
| CN115502195A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-12-23 | 浙江乾精新材料科技有限责任公司 | Method for quickly restoring saline-alkali soil |
| CN115502195B (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2024-01-09 | 浙江乾精新材料科技有限责任公司 | Quick restoration method for saline-alkali soil |
| CN115569632A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2023-01-06 | 扬州工业职业技术学院 | Magnetic activated carbon fiber adsorbent and preparation method thereof |
| CN115569632B (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2023-08-25 | 扬州工业职业技术学院 | Magnetic activated carbon fiber adsorbent and preparation method thereof |
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