CN108635058B

CN108635058B - Shin bone rear side blood vessel nerve protector

Info

Publication number: CN108635058B
Application number: CN201810778580.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张英泽; 郑占乐; 邢欣; 于贤
Original assignee: Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University
Current assignee: Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University
Priority date: 2018-07-16
Filing date: 2018-07-16
Publication date: 2020-02-04
Anticipated expiration: 2038-07-16
Also published as: CN108635058A

Abstract

A tibial posterior vascular nerve protector belongs to the technical field of orthopedic medical instruments and is used for protecting tibial posterior vascular nerves due to tibial plateau fracture. The technical scheme is as follows: the protection shield is rectangular shaped plate, the rear end of protection shield is connected with telescopic lower extreme through the pivot, there is the screw thread in the telescopic hole, there is screw thread and telescopic hole screw thread phase-match on the screw rod, the lower part of screw rod is revolved in the sleeve, the rear portion of protection shield has the connecting plate axle to be connected with the lower extreme of connecting plate, the connecting plate is parallel with the sleeve, the upper end of connecting plate is connected with the front end of handle is perpendicular, the handle level is placed, there is the round hole in the front portion of handle, the round hole that the screw rod passed the handle perpendicularly is connected with. The invention solves the problem of how to prevent the injury of the blood vessel nerve at the back side of the tibia in the tibial plateau reduction operation, can effectively protect the popliteal artery and the tibial nerve at the back side of the tibia, provides effective technical support for smoothly implementing the tibial plateau reduction operation, and has very practical clinical significance.

Description

Shin bone rear side blood vessel nerve protector

Technical Field

The invention relates to a surgical instrument for protecting the vascular nerve at the back side of a tibia by tibial plateau fracture in an operation, belonging to the technical field of orthopedic medical instruments.

Background

Tibial plateau fractures are common intra-articular fractures in clinical settings, and are common in middle-aged and young people suffering from high-energy injuries. Because the fracture form is complicated and changeable, the clinical treatment is relatively troublesome. The treatment of the tibial plateau fracture aims to restore the smooth joint surface and the force line of the lower limb, firmly fix the fracture block and avoid long-term complications such as postoperative traumatic arthritis, joint stiffness and the like. A critical step in the surgical treatment of tibial plateau fractures is the reduction of displaced bone fragments, often requiring extensive exposure of the soft tissue surrounding the knee joint during the reduction process in order to obtain a good surgical view. For both Schatzker type II and type III lateral fractures, the Schatzker proposed to split the anterior half of the lateral meniscus to fully expose the articular surfaces; for tibial plateau fractures with lateral-posterior displacement, Pires proposed to resect the proximal fibula to reduce the posterolateral fracture mass to the facet. Although these procedures can facilitate reduction, there is a possibility that the posterior tibial nerve vessels may be injured during surgery, and the risk of injury to the popliteal artery and the tibial nerve caused thereby is greatly increased. Because the position of the nerve vessel at the back side of the tibia is hidden, how to prevent injuries in the operation becomes a difficult problem which troubles the operation, no good solution exists so far, and the solution is urgently needed to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a tibial posterior vascular nerve protector which can effectively protect the popliteal artery and the tibial nerve on the posterior side of the tibia, so that the nerve and blood vessels are prevented from being injured in the operation process.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:

the utility model provides a shin bone rear side vascular nerve protector, it includes the protection shield, the sleeve, the screw rod, the connecting plate, the handle, the protection shield is rectangular shaped plate, the rear end of protection shield is connected with telescopic lower extreme through the pivot, telescopic upper end opening, there is the screw thread in the telescopic hole, there is screw thread and telescopic hole screw thread phase-match on the screw rod, the lower part of screw rod is revolved in the sleeve, the rear portion of protection shield is close to sleeve department and has the connecting plate axle to be connected with the lower extreme of connecting plate, the connecting plate is parallel with the sleeve, the upper end of connecting plate is connected with the front end of handle is perpendicular, the handle level is placed, there is the round hole in the front portion of handle, the round.

Above-mentioned shin bone rear side vascular nerve protector, the face of protection shield has crooked radian, and crooked radian and shin bone circumference phase-match have a plurality of protruding arriss on the face of protection shield, and protruding arris is perpendicular with the length direction of protection shield, and a plurality of protruding arriss are arranged along protection shield length direction parallel sequence.

Above-mentioned shin bone rear side vascular nerve protector, the body of rod diameter of screw rod and the diameter phase-match of handle round hole, the body of rod and the handle round hole of screw rod are sliding fit, and the screw rod upper end is the round platform, and the diameter of round platform is greater than the diameter of screw rod, and the handle round hole is located the below of round platform, and the cover is equipped with the snap ring on the screw rod of handle round hole below, and the snap ring card is in the bottom surface below of handle, and the snap ring is fixed on the.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the protective plate can be inserted into the rear side of the tibia from the lower part of the tibia periosteum, the bottom of the inserted rear sleeve props against the skin of the rear side of the tibia, the connecting plate is driven to move upwards by the screw rod by taking a rotating shaft at the bottom of the sleeve as a fulcrum, and the connecting plate drives the protective plate to move blood vessels at the rear side of the tibia to enable the blood vessels to be far away from an operation area, so that the blood vessels are prevented from being injured in the operation process.

The invention is the initiative of tibial plateau reduction surgery, solves the problem of how to prevent the injury of the posterior tibial vascular nerve in the tibial plateau reduction surgery, can effectively protect the posterior popliteal artery and the tibial nerve of the tibia, provides effective technical support for smoothly implementing the tibial plateau reduction surgery, has very practical clinical significance, and is worthy of popularization and use in the surgery.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a left side view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a right side view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. 1;

fig. 6 is a schematic view of the state of use of the present invention.

The figures are labeled as follows: the novel blood vessel protecting plate comprises a protecting plate 1, a sleeve 2, a screw 3, a connecting plate 4, a handle 5, a rotating shaft 6, a connecting plate shaft 7, a convex edge 8, a circular truncated cone 9, a clamping ring 10, a tibial plateau 11 and nerves and blood vessels 12.

Detailed Description

The invention consists of a protective plate 1, a sleeve 2, a screw 3, a connecting plate 4 and a handle 5.

The protection plate 1 is a rectangular plate, the surface of the protection plate 1 has a curved radian, and the curved radian is matched with the circumference of the tibia. The plate surface of the protective plate 1 is provided with a plurality of protruding ribs 8, the protruding ribs 8 are perpendicular to the length direction of the protective plate 1, and the plurality of protruding ribs 8 are arranged in parallel and in sequence along the length direction of the protective plate 1. The protection plate 1 is used for supporting the nerves and blood vessels 12, and the convex edges 8 can prevent the nerves and the blood vessels 12 from sliding.

The upper end of the sleeve 2 is open, the inner hole of the sleeve 2 is provided with threads, the screw rod 3 is provided with threads matched with the threads of the inner hole of the sleeve 2, the lower part of the screw rod 3 is screwed in the sleeve 2, and the rear end of the protective plate 1 is connected with the lower end of the sleeve 2 through the rotating shaft 6. The screw rod 3 can move up and down in the sleeve 2 through threads, and the protection plate 1 can swing up and down by taking the rotating shaft 6 as a fulcrum.

The figure shows that the connecting plate 4 is parallel to the sleeve 2, the lower end of the connecting plate 4 is connected with the rear part of the protection plate 1 close to the sleeve 2 through a connecting plate shaft 7, and the connecting plate 4 can drive the protection plate 1 to swing up and down by taking the rotating shaft 6 as a fulcrum when moving vertically up and down.

The upper end of the connecting plate 4 is vertically connected with the front end of the handle 5, the handle 5 is horizontally arranged, and the connecting plate 4 is driven to move up and down when the handle 5 moves up and down.

The figure shows that the handle 5 is driven by the screw rod 3 to move up and down, and the structure is as follows: the front portion of the handle 5 is provided with a round hole, the screw rod 3 vertically penetrates through the round hole of the handle 5, the rod body diameter of the screw rod 3 is matched with the diameter of the round hole of the handle 5, the rod body of the screw rod 3 is in sliding fit with the round hole of the handle 5, the upper end of the screw rod 3 is a circular table 9, the diameter of the circular table 9 is larger than that of the screw rod 3, the round hole of the handle 5 is located below the circular table 9, the screw rod 3 below the round hole of the handle 5 is sleeved with a clamping ring 10, the clamping ring 10 is clamped below the bottom surface of the handle. The handle 5 is sleeved on the rod body of the screw rod 3 through a round hole, the round platforms 9 and the clamping rings 10 are positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the handle 5, the handle 5 is connected with the screw rod 3 in a positioning mode, the handle 5 can be driven to move up and down when the screw rod 3 moves up and down, and therefore the handle 5 drives the connecting plate 4 to move up and down.

The using method of the invention is as follows:

the fracture end of the back side of the tibia is exposed in the operation, the protective plate 1 is inserted into the back side of the tibia from the lower part of the tibia periosteum, and the bottom of the sleeve is propped against the skin of the back side of the tibia. The round platform of the 3 upper ends of screw rod is rotated after inserting, and screw rod 3 rotates in sleeve 2, and screw rod 3 upwards moves along sleeve 2, will drive handle 5 upwards to move when screw rod 3 upwards moves, and handle 5 drives connecting plate 4 upwards to move, drives protection shield 1 and uses sleeve bottom pivot 6 to swing upwards as the fulcrum when connecting plate 4 vertically upwards moves. The connecting plate 4 drives the protective plate 1 to move the nerve and the blood vessel 12 at the rear side of the tibial platform 11 backwards, so that the nerve and the blood vessel 12 are far away from an operation area, and the nerve and the blood vessel 12 are prevented from being injured in the operation process.

The position of a tibia platform collapse bone block is determined under perspective, a one-centimeter small incision is made in a joint capsule, a restorer is placed in the joint capsule and placed above the bone block, the fracture block is fixed in three directions by a drill, and the fracture block is restored by pulling outwards.

Claims

1. A shin bone rear side vascular nerve protector which characterized in that: it comprises a protective plate (1), a sleeve (2), a screw rod (3), a connecting plate (4), a handle (5), wherein the protective plate (1) is a rectangular plate, the rear end of the protective plate (1) is connected with the lower end of the sleeve (2) through a rotating shaft (6), the upper end of the sleeve (2) is opened, a screw thread is arranged in an inner hole of the sleeve (2), the screw thread is arranged on the screw rod (3) and is matched with the inner hole thread of the sleeve (2), the lower part of the screw rod (3) is screwed in the sleeve (2), a connecting plate shaft (7) is arranged at the rear part of the protective plate (1) close to the sleeve (2) and is connected with the lower end of the connecting plate (4), the connecting plate (4) is parallel to the sleeve (2), the upper end of the connecting plate (4) is vertically connected with the front end of the handle (5), the handle (5) is horizontally arranged, a round hole is arranged at the front, the upper part of the screw rod (3) is connected with a handle (5).

2. The tibial posterior vascular nerve protector of claim 1, wherein: the face of protection shield (1) has crooked radian, and crooked radian and shin bone circumference phase-match have a plurality of protruding arriss (8) on the face of protection shield (1), and protruding arris (8) are perpendicular with the length direction of protection shield (1), and a plurality of protruding arriss (8) are arranged along protection shield (1) length direction parallel sequence.

3. The tibial posterior vascular nerve protector of claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the rod body of screw rod (3) and the diameter phase-match of handle (5) round hole, the rod body of screw rod (3) is sliding fit with handle (5) round hole, screw rod (3) upper end is round platform (9), the diameter of round platform (9) is greater than the diameter of screw rod (3), handle (5) round hole is located the below of round platform (9), the cover is equipped with snap ring (10) on screw rod (3) of handle (5) round hole below, snap ring (10) card is in the bottom surface below of handle (5), snap ring (10) are fixed on the rod body of screw rod (3) by the pin.