Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned disadvantages and providing an optometry and simulation method based on VR technology, which considers the rotation of human eyes in the optometry process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an optometry and simulation method based on VR technology comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: simulating an observed object in an optical axis direction Z in a VR system;
secondly, a lens is designed in a VR system in a simulation mode, the lens is placed in the optical axis direction and is positioned between human eyes and an observed object, and the human eyes observe the observed object through the lens;
the third step: for the same imaging point of an observed object, defining various possible different viewing field directions g in a vector space K, and defining a specific viewing field direction g in conventional optometry in another vector space K';
fourthly, defining a mapping matrix T of two spaces, K' → K;
and fifthly, converting various parameters of the specific view field direction g into parameters of a K space through the mapping matrix, thereby obtaining the optimal imaging effect parameters of the lens under various different view field directions.
Defined in K' space, a certain eyeball rotation direction is g (a, b) vector, imaging is completed in the direction, and the light energy captured by the human eye in the vector direction g (a, b) is I (a, b, lambda), wherein lambda is wavelength; in K space, the light energy captured by the human eye in the vector direction G (as, bs) is I (as, bs, λ), and a mapping matrix G of the light energy in two spaces K and K 'is defined according to the mapping matrix T: K' → K: i (a, b, λ) → I (as, bs, λ), and calculating lens optimum imaging effect parameters according to the following formula:
I(as,bs,λ)=∫∫K'f(as,bs,a,b,λ)I(a,b,λ)dadb
wherein f (as, bs, a, b, λ) represents the final point transfer function of the point transfer function, i.e. includes the optimal imaging effect parameter of the lens.
The above calculation formula is used in a vector space, and since the eye rotation of the human eye has different angles, the angles a and b of I (a, b, λ) and I (as, bs, λ) have various different values, and thus are defined as I (a, bs, λ), respectivelyj,bjλ) and I (as)j,bsjA.... m, where j 1, a.... t.. m denotes different angles.
According to the above calculation formula, the formula calculation for calculating the final point transfer function includes the following steps:
(1) in K space, for a specific picture, a series of I (as) is selectedj,bsj,λ),j=1,...........m;
(2) Calculating a mapping matrix G: i (aj, bj, λ) → I (as)j,bsj,λ),j=1,...........m;
(3) Calculating a point transfer function f (as, bs, a, b, λ);
(4) in the K' space, selecting three wavelengths for the specific picture, and iteratively calculating a point transfer function f (as, bs, a, b, lambda);
(5) and (4) substituting the calculation results from the step (2) to the step (4) into the formula for calculating the final point transfer function to calculate a final point transfer function f, wherein the final point transfer function f comprises the optimal imaging effect parameters of the lens.
The optometry and simulation method based on the VR technology further comprises a lens verification method, and the lens verification method comprises the following steps:
step 1, the VR system adjusts the lens designed by simulation according to the optimal imaging effect parameters of the lens obtained from the first step to the fifth step to form a new lens, and all parameters of the new lens completely accord with the optimal imaging effect parameters of the lens;
and 2, simulating human eyes to observe the observed object through the new lens, and rotating eyeballs in different directions and angles to verify the imaging effect of the new lens in the observation process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes VR technology to simulate and design a lens, simulates human eyes to observe an object to be observed through the lens, and converts various parameters in a certain specific visual field direction in the traditional actual optometry into the optimal lens imaging parameters containing various different visual field directions through a mapping matrix; that is, the invention considers the different directions of eyeball rotation in the process of optometry, so that the lens manufactured according to the optimal lens parameters obtained by the optometry and simulation method can completely meet the requirements of different directions of eyeball rotation in actual use, namely, the lens has good imaging effect and only generates small astigmatism, chromatic aberration and distortion when the eyeball of a wearer rotates to the direction of the peripheral field of view of the lens; that is, the invention combines the optometry and the simulation by utilizing the VR technology, thereby providing a complete solution for high-precision optometry and vision correction and solving the problem of optometry in a single visual field direction in the prior art.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the optometry and simulation method based on VR technology of the present invention includes the following steps:
the first step is as follows: simulating an observed object in an optical axis direction Z in a VR system;
the second step is that: a lens is designed in a VR system in a simulation mode, the lens is placed in the optical axis direction and is positioned between human eyes and an observed object, and the human eyes observe the observed object through the lens;
the third step: for the same imaging point of an observed object, defining various possible different viewing field directions g in a vector space K, and defining a specific viewing field direction g in conventional optometry in another vector space K';
fourthly, defining a mapping matrix T of two spaces, K' → K;
and fifthly, converting various parameters of the specific view field direction g into parameters of a K space through the mapping matrix, thereby obtaining the optimal imaging effect parameters of the lens under various different view field directions.
As shown in FIG. 2, in the angular coordinate system, the projection component of the vector g (a, b) on the YOZ plane is gyThe projection component on the XOZ plane is gxWherein g isxThe included angle between the Z direction and the Z direction is a and gxAnd the included angle between the optical axis and the Z direction is b, the direction of the optical axis is defined as the Z direction, and the human eyes are positioned at the position of the 0 point.
As shown in FIG. 3, the human eye observes the observed object through the lens, the optical axis is the z direction, there are two points A, B on the observed object, when the human eye is under a certain eyeball rotation angle, i.e. the visual field direction is gAIn the following, point A can be clearly observed through glasses and is g in the visual field directionBNext, point B, g, can be clearly observed through glassesAAnd gBFor a particular direction, is defined in the vector space K' described above. In vector space K, there are any number of directions in which point A on the object can be viewed, e.g., gASDirections, similarly, in vector space K, there are any number of directions in which B points on an object can be observed, e.g., gBSAnd (4) direction. It is understood that in conventional optometry systems, the imaging effect of the glasses, such as parameters like astigmatism, chromatic aberration, distortion, etc., is evaluated only in K' space. The invention converts various parameters of the specific view field direction g into parameters of K space through the mapping matrix, namely converts the parameters of K' space into the parameters of K space through the mapping matrix T, namely converts better imaging conditions under a single view field into better imaging conditions under a plurality of view fields. The mapping matrix can reflect how the original imaging quality (astigmatism, chromatic aberration, distortion and the like) of the lens is reduced under the condition that the eyeball of a human eye rotates.
In an angular coordinate system, the mapping matrix T: K' → K is understood as T: (a, b) → (as, bs).
In order to better understand the mapping matrix T, a certain eyeball rotation direction is defined in the K' space, and the g (a, b) vector direction can be perfectly imaged, or in a traditional optometry mode, a wearer of the glasses can clearly observe an object to be observed in the direction, that is, the lens corrects astigmatism, chromatic aberration, distortion and the like to a reasonable range. In this vector direction g (a, b), the light energy captured by the human eye is I (a, b, λ), where λ is the wavelength; in K space, the light energy captured by the human eye in the vector direction G (as, bs) is I (as, bs, λ), and a mapping matrix G for light energy is defined according to the above mapping matrix T: K' → K: i (a, b, λ) → I (as, bs, λ), and calculating lens optimum imaging effect parameters according to the following formula:
I(as,bs,λ)=∫∫K'f(as,bs,a,b,λ)I(a,b,λ)dadb
in the formula, f (as, bs, a, b, λ) represents a point transfer function, and the final point transfer function includes the optimal imaging effect parameter of the lens, and the point transfer function can be understood as an association function of different monochromatic images. As can be seen from the above calculation formula, in K space, the light energy I (as, bs, λ) captured by the human eye is equal to the integral of I (a, b, λ) and the point transfer function f (as, bs, a, b, λ).
The above calculation formula is used in a vector space, and since the eye rotation of the human eye has different angles, the angles a and b of I (a, b, λ) and I (as, bs, λ) have various different values, and thus they must be defined as I (a, b, λ), respectivelyj,bjλ) and I (as)j,bsjA.... m, where j ═ 1, a.... m denotes different angles.
The method for calculating the optimal imaging effect parameter of the lens according to the formula comprises the following steps:
(1) in the K space, for a specific picture (i.e. a picture which is viewed clearly by the eyes of the traditional optometry under a certain visual field direction, such as the commonly used E sub-tables in various directions) a series of I (as) are selectedj,bsj,λ),j=1,...........m;
(2) Calculating a mapping matrix G: i (a)j,bj,λ)→I(asj,bsj,λ),j=1,...........m;
(3) Calculating a point transfer function f (as, bs, a, b, λ);
(4) in the K' space, for the specific picture, F, D, C wavelengths of three lights are selected, and a point transfer function f (as, bs, a, b, lambda) is calculated in an iterative mode;
(5) and (4) substituting the calculation results from the step (2) to the step (4) into the calculation formula to calculate a final point transfer function f, wherein the final point transfer function contains the optimal imaging effect parameters of the lens.
The step mapping matrix G is I (a)j,bj,λ)→I(asj,bsjλ), that is, converting the parameters of K 'space into K space, where the (1) th step and the (2) th step are the parameters of known K space, and then backward-pushing the parameters in K' space.
The F light is cyan light, the wavelength is 486nm, the D light is yellow light, the wavelength is 589nm, the C light is red light, and the wavelength is 656 nm.
And (3) under the condition that the point transfer functions calculated in the step (2) and the step (4) are monochromatic light, the final point transfer function f is the final result under the condition that different wavelengths are considered.
In summary, in the invention, eyeball rotation is considered in the optometry process, various parameters in a certain specific visual field direction in the traditional actual optometry are converted into the optimal lens imaging parameters comprising various different visual field directions through the mapping matrix, that is, the condition that the large-format image is clearly imaged in different visual field directions is given, so that the problem of optometry in a single visual field in the prior art is solved.
In the three-dimensional model display of a progressive addition lens as shown in fig. 4, the different colors represent different radii of curvature of the lens.
In the progressive addition lens shown in fig. 5, the curvature radius is changed continuously on one surface of the lens, namely the degree of the eyeball is different in different rotation directions, for the smooth transition of different radius values, the spline curve shows different curvature radii, and the relative value of the curvature radius is determined by the relative length of the indicator line.
In the progressive addition lens with smooth transition shown in fig. 4 and 5, the power of the lens is different in different visual field directions, more errors are generated if the traditional optometry luminous method is adopted, and the optometry and simulation method provided by the invention can effectively reduce the errors and improve the optometry precision of the lens.
Taking a progressive multifocal presbyopic lens as an example for explanation, namely, if a wearer needs a presbyopic lens in a near vision zone +5.0D and the wearer has other powers in a far vision zone, a transition zone exists between the near vision zone and the far vision zone and a peripheral zone of the glasses, for conventional optometry, the accuracy of the conventional optometry needs to be matched with an optometrist accurately to finish the optometry, and the error is large; the presbyopic glasses with +5.0D, which are manufactured by the optimal lens imaging parameters obtained by the method, observe the effect in the field of view direction after the distance from the glasses is 40cm and the eyeball of a wearer rotates for 35 degrees, the distortion of the presbyopic glasses is less than 2 percent, the astigmatism in the meridian and sagittal directions is less than 0.03D, and the optometry precision is very high.
In this embodiment, preferably, the optometry and simulation method based on VR technology further includes a lens verification method, and the lens verification method includes the following steps:
step 1, the VR system adjusts the lens designed by simulation according to the optimal imaging effect parameters of the lens obtained from the first step to the fifth step to form a new lens, and all parameters of the new lens completely accord with the optimal imaging effect parameters of the lens;
and 2, simulating human eyes to observe the observed object through the new lens, and in the observation process, rotating the eyeball in different directions and angles to verify the imaging effect of the new lens, such as parameters of astigmatism, chromatic aberration, distortion and the like.
Therefore, the effectiveness of the optimal imaging effect parameter of the lens obtained by the optometry and simulation method can be further ensured by the lens verification method.