CN108630377B - Multi-box superconducting magnet cryogenic vessel system and method - Google Patents
Multi-box superconducting magnet cryogenic vessel system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108630377B CN108630377B CN201810297799.3A CN201810297799A CN108630377B CN 108630377 B CN108630377 B CN 108630377B CN 201810297799 A CN201810297799 A CN 201810297799A CN 108630377 B CN108630377 B CN 108630377B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/04—Cooling
Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-box type superconducting magnet low-temperature container system and a method, wherein the system comprises a superconducting magnet low-temperature container system, a container C outlet in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system is communicated with a container B inlet outside the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system through a pipeline and a valve 22F, the container B outlet is communicated with the container C inlet in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system through a valve F21, a cold head 1 heat exchanger is arranged in the container B, and the container B is communicated with a container A outlet through the pipeline and the valve F1. The advantages are that: firstly, the container C positioned in the low-temperature container system of the superconducting magnet can realize dynamic operation at the set extremely low temperature with the container B positioned outside the low-temperature container system of the superconducting magnet without high pressure resistance, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the superconducting magnet and greatly reducing the manufacturing cost; secondly, the cooling speed is high, so that even if a short-time power failure occurs, the low-temperature environment required by the work of the superconducting magnet can be ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-box type superconducting magnet low-temperature container system and a method thereof, which can reduce the pressure bearing pressure of a very low-temperature low-pressure container in a superconducting magnet low-temperature container system, can maintain the very low temperature in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system and can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost.
Background
Superconducting magnets are now widely used in fields such as magnetic resonance apparatus and other fields where stability and high magnetic field strength are required. The coil made of superconducting material generates strong magnetic field through high current, and the superconducting coil maintains the running current and keeps unchanged for a long time after the external current is removed gradually through the current closed-loop technical means of the characteristics of the superconducting material, so that the magnetic field generated by the superconducting magnet is very stable.
In order to enable the superconducting magnet to operate in a non-resistive state, it is necessary to provide a low temperature environment (typically 4-10°k, such as a niobium-titanium superconducting coil) below the critical temperature of the superconducting material, which exhibits its non-resistive properties only when the ambient temperature is below the critical temperature of the material.
A common method of providing a cryogenic environment is to use a cryogenic liquid to be directly injected into a cryogenic container, to soak the superconducting magnet in the cryogenic liquid, such as a liquid helium container into which liquid helium is injected into the superconducting magnet. By professional design, the superconducting magnet and the low-temperature container can be maintained in a required low-temperature environment, but the immersed superconducting magnet system needs to use and waste a large amount of low-temperature liquid, which is uneconomical in use. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a general superconducting magnet and a cryogenic vessel. As shown in FIG. 2, the device comprises a superconducting coil, a coil framework, a low-temperature container tank, a cold screen, a vacuum tank and a cold head of a refrigeration compressor for maintaining a low-temperature environment.
Another low-temperature environment for cooling the superconducting magnet and maintaining the operation of the superconducting magnet is to utilize a low-temperature cold head to directly perform closed-loop cooling refrigeration, and the principle of the low-temperature environment is similar to that of a refrigerator refrigeration process. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cold head direct refrigeration method. However, the method has low cooling efficiency, long time is required in the whole refrigeration and cooling process, and when the refrigerator is stopped due to short-time power failure or maintenance of the refrigeration compressor, the refrigeration cold head cannot provide the refrigeration capacity required by the superconducting magnet, so that the superconducting magnet is quenched.
Fig. 4 is a method of reducing the amount of liquid helium used and avoiding quench of the superconducting magnet caused by a short power outage. The low-temperature liquid is refrigerated, liquefied and stored in a low-temperature container by using a closed conduction cooling principle, the low-temperature liquid flows in a carrier (pipeline) contacted with a superconducting coil to absorb energy of surrounding environment, the working environment temperature of the superconducting magnet is reduced by volatilization of the low-temperature liquid, and then the volatilized low-temperature gas is circularly liquefied by a refrigeration cold head. Since the volume change of the gas from normal temperature vapor phase cooling to cryogenic liquid phase is very large, such as cryogenic liquid helium volatilizing and expanding to room temperature helium, the volume expands approximately 1000 times. Therefore, for a closed conduction cooling superconducting magnet, in order to generate the amount of low-temperature liquid in which the superconducting magnet operates, at normal temperature, the stored room-temperature gas volume is very large, in other words, compressed gas must be stored at a high pressure of several tens of atmospheres to reduce the requirement for the volume of the gas container, and thus the required pressure-resistant capability for the compressed gas container is very high, and the manufacturing cost is also relatively high.
Disclosure of Invention
The design purpose is as follows: the defects in the background technology are avoided, and the multi-box type superconducting magnet low-temperature container system and the method are designed, which not only can reduce the bearing pressure of the extremely-low-temperature low-pressure container in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system, but also can keep the extremely-low temperature in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system, and simultaneously can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost and realize the non-high-pressure operation of the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system.
The design scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above design objective. The invention provides an economical system for providing cryogenic cooling and operation of superconducting magnets. The system comprises: at least one high pressure gas room temperature storage vessel; at least one medium-low pressure and low-temperature gas storage large container is arranged, and the medium-low pressure and low-temperature gas container is provided with at least one single-stage refrigerating system and cold head which can be the same two-stage cold head; a superconducting magnet cryocontainer system that houses and houses a superconducting magnet therein; the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system comprises at least one low-pressure low-temperature liquid storage container, pipelines connected between containers, control valves connected with the pipelines between the containers, pipelines in the containers and control valves in the pipelines in the containers; when the two cold heads work simultaneously, a rapid cooling method is provided; the two cold heads can work independently; the single stage coldhead may be stopped or removed while the superconducting magnet is operating properly. When the superconducting magnet cold head needs maintenance and replacement, another cold head can be used for replacing work.
1. The design of communication between the container C in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system and the container B outside the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system through the inlet and outlet valves and pipelines is one of the technical characteristics of the invention. The purpose of this design is: when the container C in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system is communicated with the container B outside the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system through the inlet and outlet valve pipelines, the liquid helium in the container C in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system and the liquid helium in the container B outside the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system are in a dynamic balance body, so that a short-time power failure occurs, and the low-temperature environment required by the working of the superconducting magnet can be ensured. The concrete steps are as follows: when the volatile fluid occurs in the fluid helium in the container C, the volume expansion and the pressure rise of the volatile fluid helium only enter the container B through the pipeline and the valve, and as the container B is internally provided with one or more cold heads (similar to refrigerator refrigeration in principle), the cold heads cool the volatile fluid helium to restore the volatile fluid helium to a preset low-temperature state, and then enter the container C through the pipeline and the valve, and the volatile fluid helium circulates in such a way, so that the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system is ensured to be in the preset low-temperature state; secondly, as the container C in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system is changed from the ultrahigh pressure resistant container to the non-ultrahigh pressure container, the manufacturing is greatly reduced, and the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system is ensured to be in a safe and reliable state under any condition.
2. The design of the communication between the container B and the container A through the pipeline and the valve F1 is the second technical feature of the invention. The purpose of this design is: because the container A stores normal-temperature high-pressure fluid (gas) with the pressure being greater than that of the container B, when the fluid in the container B runs off, the fluid in the container A is automatically supplemented into the container B through a pipeline and a valve, so that a cooling circulation system formed by the container B and the container C is always in a set data range, and normal operation of the cooling circulation system is ensured. 3. The design of the serial connection in-out valve in the pipeline between the container C positioned in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system and the container B positioned outside the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system is the third technical feature of the invention. The purpose of this design is: when the superconducting magnet container and the cold head need to be maintained and replaced, the valve is controlled, namely the detection and maintenance of the superconducting magnet container and the cold head are conveniently carried out.
Technical scheme 1: the multi-box type superconducting magnet low-temperature container system comprises a superconducting magnet low-temperature container system, wherein a container C outlet in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system is communicated with a container B inlet outside the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system through a pipeline and a valve 22F, a container B outlet is communicated with a container C inlet in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system through a valve F21, a cold head 1 heat exchanger is arranged in the container B, and the container B is communicated with a container A outlet through a pipeline and a valve F1.
Technical scheme 2: a cooling method of a multi-box type superconducting magnet low-temperature container system, wherein a container C is a low-temperature magnet operating environment which keeps low temperature and is allowed to be low-pressure low-temperature gas (or) and low-pressure low-temperature liquid; when the superconducting magnet normally operates, the single-stage cold head can be stopped or removed, and when the superconducting magnet cold head needs maintenance or replacement, another cold head can be used for replacing work; when container C in the superconducting magnet cryogenic container system volatilizes and expands, volatile gas enters container B through a pipeline and a valve F22, and a cold head 1 positioned in the container B cools the volatile gas entering the container B to enable the volatile gas to drop to a zero gas-liquid boundary point or liquid state and then enter the container C through a pipeline and a valve F21, so that a set dynamic low-temperature balance state is achieved; when the dynamic fluid pressure in the containers B and C is insufficient, the container B is replenished through the container a.
Compared with the background technology, the container C positioned in the low-temperature container system of the superconducting magnet does not need high pressure resistance, the pressure bearing requirement of the container C is greatly reduced, the container C can dynamically operate at the set extremely low temperature with the container B positioned outside the low-temperature container system of the superconducting magnet, the normal work of the superconducting magnet is ensured, and the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced; and secondly, the cooling speed is high, and the F21 and F22 valve external interfaces between the containers B-C are utilized to rapidly precool and cool the objects in the liquid nitrogen used for the containers C, so that a short-time power failure occurs, and the low-temperature environment required by the work of the superconducting magnet can be ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-box superconducting magnet cryocontainer system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a immersed superconducting magnet system, wherein 1 main coil, 2 shielding coils, 3 coil frameworks, 4 liquid helium containers, 5 cold shields, 6 vacuum layers, 7 cold heads and liquefaction are adopted.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a closed conduction cooling superconducting magnet system, wherein 1 main coil, 2 shielding coils, 3 coil bobbins, 4 cold shields, 5 vacuum layers, 6 cold heads and liquefaction are adopted.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another closed conduction cooling superconducting magnet system structure, wherein 1 main coil, 2 shielding coils, 3 coil bobbins, 4 cold shields, 5 vacuum layers, 6 cold heads, liquefaction, 7 compressed gas storage tanks, 8 liquid gas storage tanks.
Description of the embodiments
Example 1: reference is made to figure 1. The multi-box type superconducting magnet low-temperature container system comprises a superconducting magnet low-temperature container system, wherein a container C outlet in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system is communicated with a container B inlet outside the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system through a pipeline and a valve 22F, a container B outlet is communicated with a container C inlet in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system through a valve F21, a cold head 1 heat exchanger is arranged in the container B, and the container B is communicated with a container A outlet through a pipeline and a valve F1. Container a is a normal temperature thick wall pressure container. The container B is a storage pressure relief container. The container B is an externally hung container of the container C, and the container C is an extremely low-temperature low-pressure container.
Container a may be a conventional low cost, normal temperature, thick wall pressure vessel, such as a normal temperature, high pressure steel cylinder.
The container B is an externally hung container of the container C and can be separated. When the cryogenic liquid in vessel C needs to be vaporized (typically increasing in volume), the gas is transferred to vessel B, helping to depressurize vessel C.
The container C is a cryogenic magnet operating environment that maintains cryogenic temperatures, allowing for low pressure cryogenic gases (or) and low pressure cryogenic liquids, such as cryogenic gas helium (4.2-10K) and liquid helium (4.2K).
Example 2: based on example 1, there are multiple lines through the respective valves F21 at the outlet of vessel B and at the inlet of vessel C.
Example 3: in addition to example 1, a plurality of heat exchangers of coldhead 1 were provided in vessel B.
Example 4: on the basis of the embodiment 1, one or more cold head 2 heat exchangers are arranged in the superconducting magnet cryogenic container system.
Example 5: based on any one of the above embodiments, a cooling method of a multi-box superconducting magnet cryogenic container system, wherein the container C is a cryogenic magnet operating environment maintained at a low temperature, and is allowed to be a low-pressure cryogenic gas (or) and a low-pressure cryogenic liquid; when the superconducting magnet normally operates, the single-stage cold head can be stopped or removed, and when the superconducting magnet cold head needs maintenance or replacement, another cold head can be used for replacing work; when container C in the superconducting magnet cryogenic container system volatilizes and expands, volatile gas enters container B through a pipeline and a valve F22, and a cold head 1 positioned in the container B cools the volatile gas entering the container B to enable the volatile gas to drop to a zero gas-liquid boundary point or liquid state and then enter the container C through a pipeline and a valve F21, so that a set dynamic low-temperature balance state is achieved; when the dynamic fluid pressure in the containers B and C is insufficient, the container B is replenished through the container a.
It should be understood that: while specific embodiments of the invention have been described above in connection with the drawings, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be appreciated that such changes, modifications, and equivalents are intended to fall within the spirit and scope as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A multi-box superconducting magnet cryocontainer system comprising a superconducting magnet cryocontainer system characterized by: the outlet of the container C in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system is communicated with the inlet of the container B outside the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system through a pipeline and a valve F22, the outlet of the container B is communicated with the inlet of the container C in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system through a valve F21, a cold head 1 heat exchanger is arranged in the container B, and the container B is communicated with the outlet of the container A through a pipeline and a valve F1; one or more cold head 2 heat exchangers are arranged in a container C of the superconducting magnet cryogenic container system; the cooling method comprises the following steps: the container C is a low-temperature magnet operating environment maintained at a low temperature, and is allowed to be low-pressure low-temperature gas and/or low-pressure low-temperature liquid; when the superconducting magnet normally operates, the single-stage cold head can be stopped or removed, and when the superconducting magnet cold head needs maintenance or replacement, another cold head can be used for replacing work; when container C in the superconducting magnet cryogenic container system volatilizes and expands, volatile gas enters container B through a pipeline and a valve F22, and a cold head 1 positioned in the container B cools the volatile gas entering the container B to enable the volatile gas to drop to a zero gas-liquid boundary point or liquid state and then enter the container C through a pipeline and a valve F21, so that a set dynamic low-temperature balance state is achieved; when the dynamic fluid pressure in the container B and the container C is insufficient, the container B is supplemented by the container A, so that the pressure bearing pressure of the ultralow-temperature low-pressure container in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system is reduced, the ultralow temperature in the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system is kept, the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced, and the superconducting magnet low-temperature container system is operated under non-high pressure.
2. The multi-box superconducting magnet cryocontainer system according to claim 1, wherein: container a is a normal temperature thick wall high pressure resistant container.
3. The multi-box superconducting magnet cryocontainer system according to claim 1, wherein: the container B is a gas storage and pressure release container.
4. A multi-box superconducting magnet cryocontainer system according to claim 1 or claim 3, wherein: container B is an externally hung container of container C.
5. The multi-box superconducting magnet cryocontainer system according to claim 1, wherein: the container C is an extremely low temperature and low pressure container.
6. The multi-box superconducting magnet cryocontainer system according to claim 1, wherein: the outlet of the container B and the inlet of the container C are provided with a plurality of pipelines which pass through the respective valves F21.
7. The multi-box superconducting magnet cryocontainer system according to claim 1, wherein: one or more cold head 1 heat exchangers are arranged in the container B.
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| CN109712774A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-05-03 | 浙江大学 | A kind of superconducting magnet method for rapid cooling and its system |
| CN113963886A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-01-21 | 氢合科技(广州)有限公司 | Superconducting magnet cooling system and regulation and control method |
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