CN108630325A - A kind of water-cooling structure for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector immersion type - Google Patents
A kind of water-cooling structure for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector immersion type Download PDFInfo
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- CN108630325A CN108630325A CN201810224033.2A CN201810224033A CN108630325A CN 108630325 A CN108630325 A CN 108630325A CN 201810224033 A CN201810224033 A CN 201810224033A CN 108630325 A CN108630325 A CN 108630325A
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- vacuum chamber
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- vertical bars
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/17—Vacuum chambers; Vacuum systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D1/00—Devices using naturally cold air or cold water
- F25D1/02—Devices using naturally cold air or cold water using naturally cold water, e.g. household tap water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of water-cooling structures for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector immersion type, vacuum chamber sector is along pole to 1/8 circular sector, 1/8 sector is made of four 1/32 sectors, each 1/32 sector is made of the cavity body structure of sealing inside and outside shell and both sides vertical bars plate, the cooling water with function of shielding is filled in cavity body structure, it is connected with multiple tracks transverse bar plate between the vertical bars plate of both sides, through-hole is respectively equipped in per pass transverse bar plate, cooling flow is made to constitute circuit.The each sector of the present invention uses independent Water-cooling circulating structure, is conducive to malfunction elimination when vacuum chamber water-cooling system breaks down and repair, the contact area and coolant flow channel sectional area of cooling water and vacuum chamber inner and outer shell is increased, to increase thermal discharge efficiency.
Description
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of to be used for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector the present invention relates to nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber water-cooling structure field
The water-cooling structure of immersion type.
Background technology
Nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber is a highly important core component, vacuum in superconducting Tokamak nuclear fusion stack device
Room is located on the inside of magnet and cold screen, surrounds internal part and provides reliable support for it, is one around plasma
Double-layer structure.Its most important function is that the vacuum running environment of high quality is provided for plasma.Vacuum chamber is in fusion reactor
During service life, a large amount of thermic load can be born, under normal operating conditions, the total heat deposition of vacuum chamber is primarily due to
Nuclear heat generates；In improper operation, it is the heat radiation from covering and divertor that main heat, which carries,；It is cold in the case where toasting operating mode
But water temperature rises to main vacuum chamber and the required baking condition temperature of internal part.
In normal conditions, the design value of vacuum chamber total thermal power is mainly nuclear heat, and heat is unevenly deposited on vacuum
On room, extra high thermoprecipitation is generally in neutron current region, and as between cladding modular, non-uniform heat is gone on vacuum chamber
It removes so that vacuum chamber does not have excessive thermal stress caused by any overheat.In order to keep vacuum chamber under thermal stress conditions
Structural intergrity, the design of vacuum chamber water-cooling system need that the nuclear heat in vacuum chamber interior walls is kept to be less than 0.4MW/m3.In addition, true
The selection of empty room coolant flow speed needs to keep the heat transfer coefficient of the coolant of inner wall water surface to be more than 500W/m2/ K, at this
Under part, vacuum chamber is mainly by forced turbulent, while also part keeps the coefficient of heat transfer in 500W/m by free convection2/K
On.It selects coolant inlet temperature consistent with the temperature of covering cooling water, different concetrated pipe pressure can be kept in this way
In acceptable level, coolant inlet pressure is chosen as avoiding the minimum pressure of boiling.It is such as multiple under damage
Cooling pump trips, it is contemplated that decay heat mainly generates in covering and divertor, therefore it is from covering and filter partially that main heat, which carries,
The heat radiation of device, in contrast the nuclear heat of vacuum chamber itself can be ignored, the design maximum of the total body heat radiation of vacuum chamber heat
It is about 0.83MW to carry.Simultaneously because vacuum chamber is exposed to after air for a long time during manufacture and upgrading, lead to device
Inner wall adsorbs a large amount of H2O,N2And O2The oil and other hydrocarbons that gas and some project installations left behind, therefore
The wall for carrying out high intensity is needed to handle to obtain the vacuum environment of high quality.Therefore water temperature is required to rise to master in the case where toasting operating mode
Vacuum chamber and the required baking condition of component, at this time inlet water pressure be increased to 2.4MPa by force, avoid cooling down by heat exchanger
The boiling of agent, vacuum chamber are heated to 200 DEG C, with<The rate of 5 DEG C/h heats up, and is kept for 200 DEG C of 24 hours, finally with<5℃/
The rate of h cools down.
Vacuum chamber subjects in entire nuclear fusion device lifetime and vacuumizes, Baking out, the processes such as cooling, in this mistake
Vacuum chamber bears stress caused by the inside and outside huge temperature difference and certain pressure intensity difference in journey, because being that cold screen is about outside vacuum chamber
Subzero 269 DEG C, internal plasma reaction zone temperature is up to up to ten million or even more than one hundred million degrees Celsius, but also it is broken that plasma occurs
It splits（MD）, vertical displacement event（VDE）Etc. various complex working conditions, vacuum chamber subjects huge instantaneous thermal force and electromagnetism load
Impact, directly influences the safe operation and experiment of device.And the high 17.4m of vacuum chamber, large radius 19.5m, minor radius
5.7m, to the so big double-deck curved surface vacuum tank, the design of cooling system is particularly important.Major part nuclear fusion device at present
Using 40 degree or so big sectors, each big sector is made of multiple small sectors, and cooling-water duct is distributed by water pipe
Between vacuum chamber inner and outer shell, for water pipe diameter than relatively limited, cooling water flow conduits sectional area is limited, therefore its cooling thermal discharge ability
Generally, and the small sector intake-outlet under each big sector shares one, and troubleshooting is relatively difficult, there is great limitation
Property.Present CFETR China fusion engineering experiment heap vacuum chamber beforehand research part uses 45 degree as 1/8 sector, and 1/8 sector is by four
A 11.25 degree of 1/32 sector composition makes the cycle that immersion type is filled between the interlayer of vacuum chamber inner and outer shell by design
Cooling water cools down vacuum chamber, various stiffener plates has also been devised between two layers of shell, gusset, which not only acts as, makes each fan
Area all forms the effect of independent cooling water paths in pole on direction, can also reinforce the structural strength of vacuum chamber.
In order to meet above-mentioned various requirement and solve the problems, such as to encounter, need design is a kind of to be soaked for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector
The water-cooling structure of bubble, while including the design of internal transverse bar plate and both sides vertical bars plate and the stream of the cooling water channel circulatory system
Dynamic direction design, cooling and baking for meeting nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber require, and are convenient to water-cooling system failure
When the problem of investigate and repair.
Invention content provides a kind of for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber fan purpose of the present invention is to make up the defect of prior art
The water-cooling structure of area's immersion type.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of water-cooling structure for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector immersion type, the vacuum chamber sector are along pole to circular 1/
8 sectors, 1/8 sector are made of four 1/32 sectors, and upper, middle and lower portion position corresponds respectively among 1/8 sector is disposed with
Window under window, vacuum chamber sector in window, vacuum chamber sector on vacuum chamber sector, it is characterised in that：Each 1/32 sector by
Along pole to circular inside and outside shell, the vertical bars plate that gap both sides connect between inside and outside shell connects between the vertical bars plate of both sides
Multiple tracks transverse bar board group is at being made of the cavity body structure of sealing inside and outside shell and both sides vertical bars plate, being filled in cavity body structure has
The cooling water of function of shielding is respectively equipped with through-hole in per pass transverse bar plate, and cooling flow is made to constitute circuit；Cooling water flows through vacuum chamber
Window under the vacuum chamber sector of bottom flows along an internal independent water circulation structure, flows up to vacuum chamber top
Vacuum chamber sector on window internal gathering structure；Cooling water pipe is using major loop+parallel branch design, four branch water inlets
Mouth controls the input of four 1/32 sector cooling waters respectively, and four branch water outlets control four 1/32 sector cooling waters respectively
The switch of valve control flow is respectively set in output, each branch inlet and outlet pipe lines, and branch cooling water pipe passes through window, vertical bars plate
It is independently connected to each 1/32 sector.
A kind of water-cooling structure for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector immersion type, it is characterised in that：Both sides vertical bars
Plate is non-parallel, i.e., has angle between both sides vertical bars plate.
A kind of water-cooling structure for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector immersion type, it is characterised in that：Per side vertical bars
Plate is made of along pole to the vertical bars plate body for being distributed and being sequentially connected end to end multiple respectively.
A kind of water-cooling structure for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector immersion type, it is characterised in that：Both sides vertical bars
In plate, the transverse bar plate quantity connected between corresponding vertical bars plate body is at least one piece.
A kind of water-cooling structure for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector immersion type, it is characterised in that：1/8 vacuum chamber
The cross section of two outside vertical bars plate of sector is T shapes, and the cross section of intermediate vertical bars plate is rectangle.
In the present invention, transverse bar plate in place on open hole, to make vacuum chamber sector constitute independent immersion type
Water-cooling structure.The diameter b specific sizes of through-hole are according to required Strength co-mputation between coolant flow speed and vacuum chamber inner and outer shell
It obtains, it is 100m that current CFETR vacuum chambers, which process exemplar,.The combination of transverse bar plate and the vertical bars plate of T shapes not only act as make it is each
Sector all forms the effect of independent cooling water paths in pole on direction, can also reinforce the structural strength of vacuum chamber.
In the present invention, the angle of both sides vertical bars plate is a, and the specific size of angle a is according to needed for vacuum chamber global design points
Area's number determines that it is 11.25 degree that current CFETR vacuum chambers, which process exemplar,.
In the present invention, all gussets are all made of the stainless steel makings of 316L of thick c, and the specific size of thick c is according in vacuum chamber
Outer housing Strength co-mputation determines that it is 40mm that current CFETR vacuum chambers, which process exemplar, is formed between the inner and outer shell of each sector
The waterway channel of independent immersion type.
Fusion reactor vacuum chamber water temperature maintains 100 DEG C（Internal vacuum chamber part is 200 DEG C during toasting）Or so, in vacuum chamber
Portion's component cooling range is limited in 50 DEG C or so.Under nominal situation, in order to keep vacuum cell thermal stress condition lower structure integrality,
Water-cooling system design needs to keep the nuclear heat in vacuum chamber interior walls to be less than 0.4MW/m3, since 70% heat is deposited on inner casing
On the first barricade, design runner will allow water mainly by between inner casing and the first barricade, needing inner wall water surface
The coolant coefficient of heat transfer in 500W/m2On/K, design coolant flow speed needs to realize the requirement that this is basic.It is cold at this
But under agent flow velocity, vacuum chamber mainly by forced turbulent heat extraction, partly passes through free convection heat extraction.Under abnormal condition,
If multiple cooling pumps trip, decay heat will be generated mainly in covering and divertor, and it is to come from covering and divertor that main heat, which carries,
Heat radiation, at this time the total body heat radiation of vacuum chamber design maximum heat carry be about 0.83MW, these decay heats mainly pass through water
Forced convertion take away.
It is an advantage of the invention that：The water-cooling structure of nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector area of the present invention immersion type, each sector is adopted
With independent Water-cooling circulating structure, is conducive to malfunction elimination when vacuum chamber water-cooling system breaks down and repair, is conducive to
The maintenance and upgrade of single sector water-cooling structure is transformed, and entire vacuum room housing uses the water-cooling structure of unique immersion type, increases
The contact area and coolant flow channel sectional area of big cooling water and vacuum chamber inner and outer shell can expire to increase thermal discharge efficiency
The fusion reactor vacuum chamber nuclear heat of sufficient requirements at the higher level and the exclusion of decay heat.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is 1/32 intra-sector structural schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 3 is cooling water outlet structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is cooling water intake structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is that the water (flow) direction of cooling water of the present invention is illustrated.
Fig. 6 is 1/32 sector decomposition diagram of the invention.
Fig. 7 is transverse bar plate structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is T-type vertical bars plate cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
As Figure 1-Figure 8, a kind of water-cooling structure for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector immersion type, vacuum chamber sector is
Along pole to 1/8 circular sector, which is made of four 1/32 sectors, upper, middle and lower portion position difference among 1/8 sector
One-to-one correspondence is disposed with window 5 on vacuum chamber sector, window 1 under window 2, vacuum chamber sector in vacuum chamber sector.Each 1/32
Sector from along pole to circular inside and outside shell 6,7, the vertical bars plate 9,10 that gap both sides connect between inside and outside shell, both sides vertical bars
The multiple tracks transverse bar plate 8 connected between plate forms.The cavity body structure of sealing is made of inside and outside shell 6,7 and both sides vertical bars plate 9,10,
It is filled with the cooling water with function of shielding in cavity body structure, through-hole is respectively equipped in per pass transverse bar plate, cooling flow is made to constitute
Circuit.Cooling water flows through window under the vacuum chamber sector of vacuum chamber bottom, is flowed along an internal independent water circulation structure,
Flow up to the internal gathering structure of window on the vacuum chamber sector on vacuum chamber top；Cooling water pipe uses major loop+parallel connection
Local road design, four branch water inlets 15,16,17,18 control the input of four 1/32 sector cooling waters respectively, and four branches go out
The mouth of a river 11,12,13,14 controls the output of four 1/32 sector cooling waters respectively, and valve is respectively set in each branch inlet and outlet pipe lines
The switch of gate flow processed, branch cooling water pipe pass through window, vertical bars plate to be independently connected to each 1/32 sector.
As shown in Fig. 2, both sides vertical bars plate 9,10 is non-parallel, i.e., there is angle between both sides vertical bars plate 9,10.
As shown in Fig. 2, per side vertical bars plate respectively from four along pole to the vertical bars plate body structure for being distributed and being sequentially connected end to end
At.
As shown in Fig. 2, in the vertical bars plate of both sides, the transverse bar plate quantity connected between corresponding vertical bars plate body is at least one
Block.
As shown in figure 8, the cross section of 1/8 vacuum chamber sector, two outside vertical bars plate is T shapes.
In the present invention, 45 degree of the sectors CFETR1/8, by 22.5 degree of 1/16 vacuum chamber set of sectors of 2 mirror symmetries
At each 1/16 sector is made of two 11.25 degree of 1/32 sector 3 and 1/32 sector 4, is disposed on each 1/8 sector
Three windows of upper, middle and lower, i.e. window 5 on vacuum chamber sector, window 2 in vacuum chamber sector, window 1 under vacuum chamber sector.1/32 fan
Area 3 is made of inner housing 6, the vertical bars plate 10 of outer housing 7, transverse bar plate 8, the T-type vertical bars plate 9 in left side, right side, and the 40mm of both sides is thick
T-type vertical bars plate 9, vertical bars plate 10 and 50mm thickness inner and outer shell 6,7 connect by the way of welding, to each 1/32 sector by
Inner and outer shell 6,7 and T shape vertical bars plate 9, vertical bars plate 10 constitute the cavity body structure of a sealing, and between inner and outer shell 6,7
Full of the cooling water with function of shielding.Cooling water flows through the window 1 of vacuum chamber bottom, is followed along an internal independent water path
Ring structure flows, and water flows up to the internal gathering structure of vacuum chamber top window 5.In order to make flow constitute circuit, transverse bar
Plate 8 in place on be provided with the through-hole of diameter 100mm, to constitute the independent immersion water-cooled of 1/32 sector of vacuum chamber
Loop structure, and the combination of transverse bar plate 8 and T-type vertical bars plate 9 not only acts as that so that each sector is formed on direction in pole independent
The effect in cooling water channel channel can also reinforce the structural strength of vacuum chamber.
Difference lies in vertical and horizontal gusset shape, sizes to slightly have difference, cooling structure design for 1/32 sector 3 and 1/32 sector 4
Principle is the same, and for 1/32 sector 3 or 1/32 sector 4, the T that two angles are 11.25 degree is welded between inner and outer shell 6,7
Shape vertical bars plate 9, vertical bars plate 10, two outside vertical bars plate 9,10 of vacuum chamber sector are respectively welded from four pieces of vertical bars plate body poles to rounding
It connects, to be separated with the coolant of adjacent vacuum chamber sector.8 quantity of transverse bar plate between each PS of vacuum chamber is：Between PS1,
Between PS3, each two pieces between PS4, one piece between PS2, each transverse bar plate 8 opens the through-hole of diameter 100mm, constitutes cooling water and flows back to
Road, to make the cooling system of 1/32 sector 3 or 1/32 sector 4 become the water-cooling system of an independent immersion type.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of water-cooling structure for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector immersion type, the vacuum chamber sector is along pole to circular
1/8 sector, 1/8 sector are made of four 1/32 sectors, and upper, middle and lower portion position corresponds arrangement respectively among 1/8 sector
There is window on vacuum chamber sector, window under window, vacuum chamber sector in vacuum chamber sector, it is characterised in that：Each 1/32 sector
From along pole, to circular inside and outside shell, the vertical bars plate that gap both sides connect between inside and outside shell connects between the vertical bars plate of both sides
Multiple tracks transverse bar board group at being made of the cavity body structure of sealing inside and outside shell and both sides vertical bars plate, tool be filled in cavity body structure
There is the cooling water of function of shielding, through-hole is respectively equipped in per pass transverse bar plate, cooling flow is made to constitute circuit；Cooling water flows through vacuum
Window under the vacuum chamber sector of room bottom flows along an internal independent water circulation structure, flows up to vacuum ceiling
The internal gathering structure of window on the vacuum chamber sector at end；Cooling water pipe using the design of major loop+parallel branch, four branches into
The mouth of a river controls the input of four 1/32 sector cooling waters respectively, and four branch water outlets control four 1/32 sector cooling waters respectively
Output, each branch inlet and outlet pipe lines be respectively set valve control flow switch, branch cooling water pipe pass through window, vertical bars
Plate is independently connected to each 1/32 sector.
2. a kind of water-cooling structure for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector immersion type according to claim 1, feature exist
In：Both sides vertical bars plate is non-parallel, i.e., has angle between both sides vertical bars plate.
3. a kind of water-cooling structure for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector immersion type according to claim 1, feature exist
In：It is made of respectively multiple to the vertical bars plate body for being distributed and being sequentially connected end to end along pole per side vertical bars plate.
4. a kind of water-cooling structure for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector immersion type according to claim 1, feature exist
In：In the vertical bars plate of both sides, the transverse bar plate quantity connected between corresponding vertical bars plate body is at least one piece.
5. a kind of water-cooling structure for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector immersion type according to claim 1, feature exist
In：The cross section of 1/8 vacuum chamber sector, two outside vertical bars plate is T shapes, and the cross section of intermediate vertical bars plate is rectangle.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810224033.2A CN108630325A (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2018-03-19 | A kind of water-cooling structure for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector immersion type |
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| CN201810224033.2A CN108630325A (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2018-03-19 | A kind of water-cooling structure for nuclear fusion stack vacuum chamber sector immersion type |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109448868A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-03-08 | 淮南新能源研究中心 | One kind having the welded vacuum chamber sector of lower window eckband |
| CN109599191A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-04-09 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of cooling loop system based on Superconducting tokamak device |
| CN110060787A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-07-26 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of design method of the cold screen of fusion facility |
| CN110739087A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-01-31 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | box body opening structure suitable for independent teleoperation of divertor wall |
| CN111883280A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-11-03 | 北京利方达真空技术有限责任公司 | Vacuum chamber with neutron moderation, neutron shielding and cooling functions |
| CN112448118A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-03-05 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Back plate water cooling device suitable for ultrahigh vacuum and strong radiation conditions and processing method |
| CN114974617A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-30 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Vacuum chamber inner shell integrated structure suitable for nuclear fusion internal component connection |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109599191A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-04-09 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of cooling loop system based on Superconducting tokamak device |
| CN109448868A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-03-08 | 淮南新能源研究中心 | One kind having the welded vacuum chamber sector of lower window eckband |
| CN110060787A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-07-26 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of design method of the cold screen of fusion facility |
| CN110739087A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-01-31 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | box body opening structure suitable for independent teleoperation of divertor wall |
| CN111883280A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-11-03 | 北京利方达真空技术有限责任公司 | Vacuum chamber with neutron moderation, neutron shielding and cooling functions |
| CN112448118A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-03-05 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Back plate water cooling device suitable for ultrahigh vacuum and strong radiation conditions and processing method |
| CN112448118B (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-08-02 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Back plate water cooling device suitable for ultrahigh vacuum and strong radiation conditions and processing method |
| CN114974617A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-30 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Vacuum chamber inner shell integrated structure suitable for nuclear fusion internal component connection |
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Application publication date: 20181009 |