CN108627819A - Range extension target detection method and system based on radar observation - Google Patents

Range extension target detection method and system based on radar observation Download PDF

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CN108627819A
CN108627819A CN201810449128.4A CN201810449128A CN108627819A CN 108627819 A CN108627819 A CN 108627819A CN 201810449128 A CN201810449128 A CN 201810449128A CN 108627819 A CN108627819 A CN 108627819A
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matrix
target
subspace
basic matrix
range extension
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CN108627819B (en
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刘民
刘一民
黄天耀
王希勤
肖乐
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Tsinghua University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08Systems for measuring distance only

Abstract

The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of range extension target detection method and system based on radar observation, and detection method includes:Based on the notable feature value of observation covariance matrix, the orthogonal basic matrix of signal subspace is obtained, wherein notable feature value is obtained according to the reception data of all range cells of radar;The orthogonal basic matrix of orthogonal basic matrix and target subspace based on signal subspace, establishes binary hypothesis test model;According to binary hypothesis test model, the verifier based on volume correlation function is established, the test statistics based on verifier judges whether range extension target.The present invention establishes the verifier based on volume correlation function from geometry visual angle, is not necessarily to auxiliary data, lower to the dependence for detecting environment prior information without estimating clutter covariance matrix, and operand and computation complexity significantly reduce.The present invention is suitable for uniform, non-homogeneous environment.It is suitable for Point Target Detection scene, has stronger universality.

Description

Range extension target detection method and system based on radar observation
Technical field
The present embodiments relate to Radar Signal Processing Technology field, more particularly, to a kind of based on radar observation Range extension target detection method and system.
Background technology
Radar needs multidimensional high-resolution as a kind of detection means to obtain the more details information of detected object.With The raising of radar range resolution, the multiple Range resolution units of target scattering point range spans.This kind of size is more than distance by radar The target of resolution cell, commonly known as range extension target.
In the existing research method of extension target detection problem, it is mostly based on assumed statistical inspection theory.These methods From the statistics description of likelihood function, it is desirable that known echo statistical distribution parameter need to estimate distributed constant, such as The generalized likelihood-ratio test (Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test, GLRT) that is widely adopted, Rao examine and Wald inspections etc., these methods of inspection are required to estimate target echo complex magnitude and clutter covariance matrix.To complete To the parameter Estimation of detector, these detection methods usually require have identical statistical property with unit to be checked by enough And the auxiliary data without target echo, and parameter estimation procedure is complex.However, increasingly sophisticated electromagnetic environment especially It is in hostile environment, the prior information about clutter statistical distribution that can be got is extremely limited, we are often difficult at this time With the auxiliary data met the requirements, parameter Estimation is caused relatively large deviation occur, existing extension target detection method can go out Now even significantly detection performance declines in various degree.One prior art proposes the concept of " volume correlation function " as son A kind of measurement of distance and it is applied to Point Target Detection between space, achieves preferable performance.But this method is to extension Verification is not yet received in the detection performance of target;And the detection process of this method needs iteration to complete, each iteration is both needed to volume phase It closes function to be calculated, computation complexity is higher;Meanwhile this method only considers uniform environment, to the detection in non-homogeneous environment Not yet analyzed.
Invention content
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of range extension target based on radar observation Detection method and system.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of range extension target detection method based on radar observation, including:Based on observation The notable feature value of covariance matrix obtains the orthogonal basic matrix of signal subspace, wherein the notable feature value is according to The reception data of all range cells of radar obtain;Orthogonal basic matrix and target based on the signal subspace is empty Between orthogonal basic matrix, establish binary hypothesis test model;According to the binary hypothesis test model, establish related based on volume The verifier of function obtains the test statistics of the verifier and judges whether that distance expands based on the test statistics Open up target.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of range extension target detection system based on radar observation, including:Obtain matrix Module obtains the orthogonal basic matrix of signal subspace, wherein described for the notable feature value based on observation covariance matrix Notable feature value is obtained according to the reception data of all range cells of the radar;Model module is obtained, for based on described The orthogonal basic matrix of signal subspace and the orthogonal basic matrix of target subspace, establish binary hypothesis test model;Detect mould Block, for according to the binary hypothesis test model, establishing the verifier based on volume correlation function, obtaining the verifier Test statistics simultaneously judges whether range extension target based on the test statistics.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of range extension target detection equipment based on radar observation, including:It is at least one Processor;And at least one processor being connect with the processor communication, wherein:The memory is stored with can be described The program instruction that processor executes, the processor call described program instruction to be able to carry out above-mentioned detection method.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of non-transient computer readable storage medium, the non-transient computer readable storage Medium storing computer instructs, and the computer instruction makes the computer execute above-mentioned detection method.
Range extension target detection method and system provided in an embodiment of the present invention based on radar observation, subspace is made It is complete using geometrical relationship intrinsic between target subspace, clutter subspace for basic unit and process object that signal indicates At detection, and from geometry visual angle, the verifier based on volume correlation function is established, compared to traditional matched filtering, GLRT Equal energy detectors, this method is not necessarily to auxiliary data, without estimating target complex magnitude, clutter covariance matrix, to inspection The dependence for surveying environment prior information is lower, and operand and computation complexity significantly reduce.It is proposed relative to technology before Based on the object detection method of volume correlation function, the present invention no longer needs to be iterated process and the simultaneously embodiment of the present invention The range extension target detection method of offer is suitable for uniform, non-homogeneous environment.It is chosen properly in addition, working as relevant parameter in algorithm When numerical value, range extension target detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is also applied for Point Target Detection scene, has stronger Universality.
Description of the drawings
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is this hair Some bright embodiments for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with root Other attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the flow charts of the range extension target detection embodiment of the method for radar observation;
Fig. 2 is the detection performance figure that emulation experiment is carried out in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that the present invention is based on the module maps of the range extension target detection system embodiment of radar observation;
Fig. 4 is the block schematic illustration of the range extension target detection equipment based on radar observation in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art The every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the flow charts of the range extension target detection embodiment of the method for radar observation, such as Fig. 1 institutes Show, including:S101, the notable feature value based on observation covariance matrix, obtain the orthogonal basic matrix of signal subspace, wherein The notable feature value is obtained according to the reception data of all range cells of the radar;S102, it is based on signal subspace sky Between orthogonal basic matrix and target subspace orthogonal basic matrix, establish binary hypothesis test model;Described in S103, basis Binary hypothesis test model establishes the verifier based on volume correlation function, obtains the test statistics and base of the verifier Range extension target is judged whether in the test statistics.
Specifically, step S101 refers to feature based value, obtains the basic matrix of signal subspace, then by signal subspace Basic matrix orthogonalization, obtain the orthogonal basic matrix of signal subspace.Herein, observing the notable feature value of covariance matrix is It is obtained according to the estimation of the reception data of all range cells.
Further, step S102 refers to, orthogonal basic matrix and target subspace based on the signal subspace Orthogonal basic matrix establishes binary hypothesis test model.And it implies and is obtained by the basic matrix of target subspace known to orthogonalization Take the orthogonal basic matrix of target subspace.
Further, step S103 refers to, according to the inspection of the verifier of the volume correlation function of binary hypothesis test model It tests statistic and judges whether range extension target.
Range extension target detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention based on radar observation, using subspace as signal The basic unit and process object of expression complete detection using geometrical relationship intrinsic between target subspace, clutter subspace, And from geometry visual angle, the verifier based on volume correlation function is established, it is examined compared to energy such as traditional matched filtering, GLRT Device is surveyed, this method is not necessarily to auxiliary data, first to detection environment without estimating target complex magnitude, clutter covariance matrix The dependence for testing information is lower, and operand and computation complexity significantly reduce.Relative to technology proposition before based on volume The object detection method of correlation function, the present invention no longer need to be iterated process and it is provided in an embodiment of the present invention simultaneously away from It is suitable for uniform, non-homogeneous environment from extension target detection method.In addition, when relevant parameter chooses appropriate value in algorithm, Range extension target detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is also applied for Point Target Detection scene, has stronger pervasive Property.
Based on above-described embodiment, the notable feature value based on observation covariance matrix is obtaining signal subspace just Hand over basic matrix, wherein the notable feature value is obtained according to the reception data of all range cells of the radar, specific to wrap It includes:The reception data of all range cells based on the radar, estimation obtain observation covariance matrix;To the observation association side Poor matrix carries out feature decomposition, obtains multiple characteristic values, and with the multiple characteristic value multiple feature vectors correspondingly; The matrix that the feature vector of predetermined number in the multiple feature vector is formed is as the orthogonal basis of the signal subspace Matrix.
Specifically, consider following scene:Radar has N number of receiving channel, and (receiving channel can represent array element, pulse or the two connection Close, depending on concrete application scene), target to be detected spans up to K Range resolution unit.To k-th of range cell, when In the presence of having range extension target, receives data and be represented by:
zk=P αk+Qβk+nk, k=1,2 ..., K,;
Wherein, zkTo receive data vector;Target and clutter echo belong to two sub-spaces of no commissure, and haveFor the basic matrix of known target subspace, αkFor target echo complex magnitude,For the base of clutter subspace Matrix and q are it is known that βkFor clutter echo complex magnitude;nkFor white noise.Data will be received and be written as N × K dimension matrix z, the wherein kth of z Row represent the reception data of k-th of range cell, then have
Estimation observation covariance matrix MzIt is as follows:
Wherein ()HRepresenting matrix conjugate transposition.By RMB (Reed-Mallett-Brennan) criterion it is found that ensure Mz Estimated accuracy should generally have the 2N of K.
Further, to MzFeature decomposition is carried out, its eigenvalue λ is obtained1≥λ2≥…≥λr≥λr+1=...=λNAnd it is right The feature vector u answered1, u2..., ur, ur+1..., uN.The matrix that the feature vector of predetermined number is formed is as the signal The orthogonal basic matrix of subspace.
Based on above-described embodiment, the matrix of the feature vector composition by the predetermined number in the multiple feature vector As the orthogonal basic matrix of the signal subspace, specifically include:It will be pre- under being ranked sequentially in the multiple feature vector If orthogonal basic matrix of the matrix of the feature vector composition of number as the signal subspace.
Specifically, preceding r notable feature is worth the basic matrix that corresponding feature vector is formedMake For the orthogonal basic matrix of the signal subspace.Wherein, r represents predetermined number.
Based on above-described embodiment, the orthogonal basic matrix and target subspace based on the signal subspace are just Basic matrix is handed over, binary hypothesis test model is established, specifically includes:Gram-Schmidt is being carried out just to the basic matrix of target subspace Friendshipization obtains the orthogonal basic matrix of the target subspace;Orthogonal basic matrix based on the signal subspace and the mesh Mark subspace orthogonal basic matrix, establish binary hypothesis test model, wherein include in the binary hypothesis test model away from Exist from extension target and assumes and without range extension target exist to assume.
Want whether to contain target echo in check observation data, i.e., to examine whether empty comprising target in signal subspace Between.Ifspan(Us) indicate that signal subspace and target subspace, above-mentioned target detection can be described as one respectively Binary hypothesis test problem.
Based on above-described embodiment, the binary hypothesis test model is indicated by following formula:
Wherein,Indicate that no range extension target exists,Indicate range extension target presence;dim( ∩span(Us)) indicateWith span (Us) phase intersection of subspace dimension,For signal subspace, span (Us) it is target subspace, UsFor the orthogonal basic matrix of target subspace,For the orthogonal basic matrix of signal subspace.
It should be noted that hypothesis testing is to infer overall one by sample according to certain assumed condition in mathematical statistics Kind method.Specifically the practice is:Certain is made it is assumed that being denoted as H0 to the totality studied according to the needs of problem;Choose suitable system The selection of metering, this statistic will make when assuming that H0 is set up, and be distributed as known;By the sample surveyed, system is calculated The value of metering, and tested according to previously given significance, make refusal or receive to assume the judgement of H0.Commonly Hypothesis testing method has u- methods of inspection, t methods of inspection, chi-square criterion method (Chi-square Test), F- methods of inspection, rank sum test etc..
It is described that range extension target is judged whether based on the test statistics based on above-described embodiment, it is specific to wrap It includes:Judge whether the test statistics is more than preset decision threshold;If the test statistics is more than and described preset sentences Then there is range extension target in certainly thresholding;If the test statistics is less than or equal to the preset decision threshold, no There are range extension targets.
It should be noted that test statistics is:
Based on above-described embodiment, the volume correlation function is indicated by following formula:
Wherein, corr (Us) indicate volume correlation function, to any matrixIts d ties up volumeγi(i=1,2 ... d) singular value for being matrix X, m are the line number of matrix, and d is matrix Columns.
Fig. 2 is the detection performance figure that emulation experiment is carried out in the embodiment of the present invention, referring to FIG. 2, illustrating applications distances The detection performance figure of extension target detection method.In this emulation, radar receiving channel N=20, range cell to be checked are set Number K=40, miscellaneous noise ratio CNR=20dB, false-alarm probability PFA=10-3, detection threshold passes through 100/PFASecondary Monte Carlo Experiment obtains It arrives.It is 0~10 ° that target angle distributed areas are fixed in experiment, chooses 0~20 ° and 40 °~60 ° points of clutter angular distribution region Do not represent target and clutter angular regions partially overlap, misaligned scene.As can be seen that target and clutter angular regions are misaligned When, detection curve integrally moves to left, and illustrates that detection performance is improved at this time.For example, when target and misaligned clutter angular regions, Reach 90% detection probability to believing that the requirement of miscellaneous noise ratio reduces 4dB.
Based on above-described embodiment, Fig. 3 is that the present invention is based on the range extension target detection system embodiments of radar observation Module map, including:Matrix module 301 is obtained, for the notable feature value based on observation covariance matrix, obtains signal subspace Orthogonal basic matrix, wherein the notable feature value according to the reception data of all range cells of the radar obtain;It obtains Model module 302 is used for the orthogonal basic matrix of orthogonal basic matrix and target subspace based on the signal subspace, builds Vertical binary hypothesis test model;Detection module 303, for according to the binary hypothesis test model, establishing related based on volume The verifier of function obtains the test statistics of the verifier and judges whether that distance expands based on the test statistics Open up target.
The detecting system of the embodiment of the present invention can be used for executing the range extension target shown in FIG. 1 based on radar observation The technical solution of detection method embodiment, implementing principle and technical effect are similar, and details are not described herein again.
Based on above-described embodiment, Fig. 4 is that the range extension target detection based on radar observation in the embodiment of the present invention is set Standby block schematic illustration.It is set referring to FIG. 4, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of range extension target detection based on radar observation It is standby, including:Processor (processor) 410, communication interface (Communications Interface) 420, memory (memory) 430 and bus 440, wherein processor 410, communication interface 420, memory 430 are completed mutually by bus 440 Between communication.Processor 410 can call the logical order in memory 430, to execute following method, including:Based on observation The notable feature value of covariance matrix obtains the orthogonal basic matrix of signal subspace, wherein the notable feature value is according to The reception data of all range cells of radar obtain;Orthogonal basic matrix and target based on the signal subspace is empty Between orthogonal basic matrix, establish binary hypothesis test model;According to the binary hypothesis test model, establish related based on volume The verifier of function obtains the test statistics of the verifier and judges whether that distance expands based on the test statistics Open up target.
The embodiment of the present invention discloses a kind of computer program product, and the computer program product is non-transient including being stored in Computer program on computer readable storage medium, the computer program include program instruction, when described program instructs quilt When computer executes, computer is able to carry out the expansion method that above-mentioned each method embodiment is provided, such as including:Based on observation The notable feature value of covariance matrix obtains the orthogonal basic matrix of signal subspace, wherein the notable feature value is according to The reception data of all range cells of radar obtain;Orthogonal basic matrix and target based on the signal subspace is empty Between orthogonal basic matrix, establish binary hypothesis test model;According to the binary hypothesis test model, establish related based on volume The verifier of function obtains the test statistics of the verifier and judges whether that distance expands based on the test statistics Open up target.
Based on above-described embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of non-transient computer readable storage medium, described non-temporary State computer-readable recording medium storage computer instruction, it is real that the computer instruction makes the computer execute above-mentioned each method Apply the expansion method that example is provided, such as including:Based on the notable feature value of observation covariance matrix, signal subspace is obtained Orthogonal basic matrix, wherein the notable feature value is obtained according to the reception data of all range cells of the radar;Based on institute The orthogonal basic matrix of signal subspace and the orthogonal basic matrix of target subspace are stated, binary hypothesis test model is established;According to The binary hypothesis test model establishes the verifier based on volume correlation function, obtains the test statistics of the verifier And range extension target is judged whether based on the test statistics.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that:Realize that above equipment embodiment or embodiment of the method are only schematic , wherein can be that physically separate component may not be physically separated for the processor and the memory, i.e., A place can be located at, or may be distributed over multiple network units.It can select according to the actual needs therein Some or all of module achieves the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.Those of ordinary skill in the art are not paying creative labor In the case of dynamic, you can to understand and implement.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that each embodiment can It is realized by the mode of software plus required general hardware platform, naturally it is also possible to pass through hardware.Based on this understanding, on Stating technical solution, substantially the part that contributes to existing technology can be expressed in the form of software products in other words, should Computer software product can store in a computer-readable storage medium, such as USB flash disk, mobile hard disk, ROM/RAM, magnetic disc, CD Deng, including some instructions use is so that a computer equipment (can be personal computer, server or the network equipment etc.) Execute the method described in certain parts of each embodiment or embodiment.
Range extension target detection method and system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the base that subspace is indicated as signal This unit and process object complete detection using intrinsic geometrical relationship between target subspace, clutter subspace, and from geometry Visual angle is set out, and the verifier based on volume correlation function is established, should compared to energy detectors such as traditional matched filtering, GLRT Method is not necessarily to auxiliary data, without estimating target complex magnitude, clutter covariance matrix, to detection environment prior information Dependence is lower, and operand and computation complexity significantly reduce.Relative to technology proposition before based on volume correlation function Object detection method, the present invention no longer needs to be iterated process and simultaneously extended distance mesh provided in an embodiment of the present invention It marks detection method and is suitable for uniform, non-homogeneous environment.In addition, when relevant parameter chooses appropriate value in algorithm, the present invention is real The range extension target detection method for applying example offer is also applied for Point Target Detection scene, has stronger universality.
Finally it should be noted that:The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations;Although Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that:It still may be used With technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features; And these modifications or replacements, various embodiments of the present invention technical solution that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and Range.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of range extension target detection method based on radar observation, which is characterized in that including:
Based on the notable feature value of observation covariance matrix, the orthogonal basic matrix of signal subspace is obtained, wherein the notable spy Value indicative is obtained according to the reception data of all range cells of the radar;
The orthogonal basic matrix of orthogonal basic matrix and target subspace based on the signal subspace establishes dualism hypothesis inspection Test model;
According to the binary hypothesis test model, the verifier based on volume correlation function is established, the inspection of the verifier is obtained It tests statistic and range extension target is judged whether based on the test statistics.
2. detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the notable feature based on observation covariance matrix Value, obtains the orthogonal basic matrix of signal subspace, wherein the notable feature value is according to all range cells of the radar It receives data to obtain, specifically include:
The reception data of all range cells based on the radar obtain observation covariance matrix;
Feature decomposition is carried out to the observation covariance matrix, obtains multiple characteristic values, and one by one with the multiple characteristic value Corresponding multiple feature vectors;
Just using the matrix of the feature vector of the predetermined number in the multiple feature vector composition as the signal subspace Hand over basic matrix.
3. detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the orthogonal group moment based on the signal subspace The orthogonal basic matrix of battle array and target subspace, establishes binary hypothesis test model, specifically includes:
Gram-Schmidt orthogonalizations are carried out to the basic matrix of target subspace, obtain the orthogonal group moment of the target subspace Battle array;
The orthogonal basic matrix of orthogonal basic matrix and the target subspace based on the signal subspace establishes binary vacation If testing model, wherein include that range extension target has hypothesis and without extended distance in the binary hypothesis test model Target, which exists, to be assumed.
4. detection method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the binary hypothesis test model passes through following formula table Show:
Wherein,Indicate that no range extension target exists,Indicate range extension target presence;It indicatesWith span (Us) phase intersection of subspace dimension,For signal Subspace, span (Us) it is target subspace, UsFor the orthogonal basic matrix of target subspace,For the orthogonal basis of signal subspace Matrix.
5. detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to judge whether to deposit based on the test statistics In range extension target, specifically include:
Judge whether the test statistics is more than preset decision threshold;
If the test statistics is more than the preset decision threshold, there are range extension targets;If the inspection statistics Amount is less than or equal to the preset decision threshold, then range extension target is not present.
6. detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the volume correlation function is indicated by following formula:
Wherein,Volume correlation function is indicated, to any matrixIts d ties up volumeγi(i=1,2 ... d) singular value for being matrix X, m are the line number of matrix, and d is matrix Columns.
7. detection method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that will be in the multiple feature vector default Orthogonal basic matrix of the matrix of several feature vector compositions as the signal subspace, specifically includes:
The matrix of the feature vector composition of predetermined number under the multiple feature vector is ranked sequentially is as the signal subspace The orthogonal basic matrix in space.
8. a kind of range extension target detection system based on radar observation, which is characterized in that including:
Matrix module is obtained, for the notable feature value based on observation covariance matrix, obtains the orthogonal group moment of signal subspace Battle array, wherein the notable feature value is obtained according to the reception data of all range cells of the radar;
Model module is obtained, the orthogonal group moment of orthogonal basic matrix and target subspace based on the signal subspace is used for Battle array, establishes binary hypothesis test model;
Detection module obtains institute for according to the binary hypothesis test model, establishing the verifier based on volume correlation function It states the test statistics of verifier and range extension target is judged whether based on the test statistics.
9. a kind of range extension target detection equipment based on radar observation, which is characterized in that including:
At least one processor;And
At least one processor being connect with the processor communication, wherein:
The memory is stored with the program instruction that can be executed by the processor, and the processor calls described program to instruct energy Enough detection methods executed as described in claim 1 to 7 is any.
10. a kind of non-transient computer readable storage medium, which is characterized in that the non-transient computer readable storage medium is deposited Computer instruction is stored up, the computer instruction makes the computer execute the detection method as described in claim 1 to 7 is any.
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