CN108624739B - Steelmaking equipment and smelting method for steelmaking by using scrap steel - Google Patents
Steelmaking equipment and smelting method for steelmaking by using scrap steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN108624739B CN108624739B CN201810742874.2A CN201810742874A CN108624739B CN 108624739 B CN108624739 B CN 108624739B CN 201810742874 A CN201810742874 A CN 201810742874A CN 108624739 B CN108624739 B CN 108624739B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5252—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an electrically heated multi-chamber furnace, a combination of electric furnaces or an electric furnace arranged for associated working with a non electric furnace
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses steel-making equipment and a smelting method for steel-making by scrap steel, wherein the steel-making equipment for steel-making by scrap steel comprises a non-contact melting device (3), an electric arc furnace (1) and a scrap steel preheating chamber (6), wherein the non-contact melting device (3) can perform non-contact heating on furnace burden in the non-contact melting device (3); the lower part of the non-contact melting device (3) is correspondingly connected with a charging port of the electric arc furnace (1); an electromagnet (7) capable of absorbing furnace burden is arranged in the scrap steel preheating chamber (6). The steel-making equipment and the smelting method for steelmaking by using the scrap steel adopt the operation of steel and slag in a fully-closed state, and solve the problems of low heat efficiency, high steel material consumption, large smoke quantity and large impact on a power grid of the traditional scrap steel steelmaking process and device by adopting an energy supply mode of combining non-contact melting, electric arc heating, oxygen blowing and carbon spraying, oxygen and gas combustion fluxing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of smelting, in particular to steel-making equipment for steelmaking by using scrap steel or a smelting method for steelmaking by using scrap steel.
Background
The existing process and device for steelmaking by using scrap steel mainly comprise an intermediate frequency induction furnace and an electric arc furnace. The medium frequency induction furnace belongs to one of non-contact melting, cannot be used for large-scale steelmaking because the molten steel components cannot be regulated by oxygen blowing and slag making, and only allows raw materials to come from small-batch multi-variety special metallurgical enterprises with internal circulation. On the other hand, the traditional electric arc furnace mainly relies on high-temperature electric arc to melt scrap steel and heat molten steel, the electric arc has large burning loss on the scrap steel and large melting noise, a large amount of oxygen blowing and carbon spraying are needed, a large amount of slag forming materials are added to make foam slag, so that submerged arc smelting is realized, the electric arc heating efficiency can be improved, and a large amount of high-temperature smoke dust and smoke gas are generated in the furnace. Meanwhile, each time scrap steel is added, the furnace cover needs to be unscrewed, and environmental pollution and energy loss are caused (about 1.5kWh/t of electricity consumption is increased). Therefore, scrap steel preheating type arc furnaces for the purpose of recovering the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas have been developed in the future. At present, the scrap steel preheating type electric furnace mainly comprises a Consteel electric furnace and a vertical shaft type electric furnace with a finger valve, which are horizontally and continuously preheated, and can realize the charging without opening a cover and the smelting of a flat molten pool of molten steel heated by electric arc. Both of these scrap preheating furnaces have their own advantages and disadvantages. The Consteel electric furnace equipment has mature technology and low failure rate, but the preheating effect is poor because the flue gas only passes through the top of the scrap steel, and the electricity consumption per ton steel is saved by 30kWh at most. The vertical shaft type electric furnace with the finger valve has the advantages that smoke diffuses from the bottom of the steel scrap column to the top of the steel scrap column, the convection heat exchange is sufficient, the power consumption per ton of steel can be reduced by about 100kWh, but the vertical shaft and the finger valve adopt water-cooled steel structures, the preheating temperature of the steel scrap is high, so that the vertical shaft and the finger valve frequently have the faults of water leakage and steel sticking, and potential safety hazards are brought to normal production.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of low thermal efficiency of the traditional steel scrap steelmaking process. The invention provides a steelmaking device and a smelting method for steelmaking by scrap steel, which combine the smelting processes of efficient scrap steel preheating, non-contact smelting, electric arc smelting, primary energy smelting and secondary combustion, and change a single energy supply mode that a traditional electric arc furnace only depends on an electrode to supply power. Meanwhile, the furnace body structure adopts a non-water-cooling structure, so that the cooling water consumption is greatly reduced; the rapid cooling device is tightly connected with the scrap steel preheating chamber, so that heat loss caused by diversion through the water cooling flue is avoided. The problems of low heat efficiency, high steel material consumption, large smoke dust amount and large impact on a power grid of the traditional steel scrap steelmaking process and device are solved.
The invention solves the technical problems that: the steel-making equipment for making steel by using waste steel comprises a non-contact melting device, an electric arc furnace and a waste steel preheating chamber, wherein the non-contact melting device is of a cylindrical structure with both upper and lower ends open, and the non-contact melting device can perform non-contact heating on furnace burden in the non-contact melting device; the electric arc furnace comprises a top wall, a side wall and a bottom wall which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the side wall is provided with a multifunctional furnace wall gun, and the lower part of the non-contact melting device is correspondingly connected with a charging port of the electric arc furnace; the waste steel preheating chamber is positioned above the non-contact melting device, an outlet of the waste steel preheating chamber is correspondingly connected with an inlet of the non-contact melting device, a secondary combustion device capable of blowing oxygen and fuel gas into the waste steel preheating chamber is arranged on the side wall of the waste steel preheating chamber, and an electromagnet capable of adsorbing furnace burden is arranged in the waste steel preheating chamber.
The furnace chamber in the electric arc furnace is divided by the refractory retaining wall to form a first smelting chamber and a second smelting chamber which are arranged at intervals, the lower end of the refractory retaining wall is connected with the bottom wall, and the upper part of the first smelting chamber is communicated with the upper part of the second smelting chamber.
The side wall comprises a first side furnace wall, a second side furnace wall, a third side furnace wall and a fourth side furnace wall which are sequentially connected, the first side furnace wall, the third side furnace wall and the fourth side furnace wall are all in an upright state, the first side furnace wall, the third side furnace wall and the fire-resistant retaining wall are parallel to each other, and the second side furnace wall is in an inclined state.
The steelmaking equipment for steelmaking by using the scrap steel comprises four non-contact melting devices, wherein the lower ends of the four non-contact melting devices are all positioned right above a second side furnace wall, two non-contact melting devices in the four non-contact melting devices are communicated with a first smelting chamber, the other two non-contact melting devices in the four non-contact melting devices are communicated with a second smelting chamber, and a multifunctional furnace wall gun is positioned between the second side furnace wall and the non-contact melting devices.
The non-contact melting device comprises an electromagnetic emission device capable of heating the furnace burden by electromagnetic induction, and the non-contact melting device comprises a microwave emission device capable of heating the furnace burden by microwaves.
The electromagnet is in a strip structure, the length direction of the electromagnet is the same as the horizontal direction, and the central line of the electromagnet can rotate as a shaft.
The inlet of the scrap steel preheating chamber is positioned at the upper part, the outlet of the scrap steel preheating chamber is positioned at the lower part, the top of the scrap steel preheating chamber is provided with a rapid cooling device, the top of the rapid cooling device is provided with a dust removal ventilation groove, the inlet of the scrap steel preheating chamber is provided with a dynamic sealing device, the upper part of the scrap steel preheating chamber is internally provided with a flue gas temperature and component monitoring device, and the steelmaking equipment for steelmaking by scrap steel comprises a scrap steel chain plate conveyor for conveying furnace burden to the scrap steel preheating chamber.
The arc furnace also comprises an electrode, a conductive cross arm lifting device, a conductive cross arm and a furnace cover rotating device which are connected in sequence.
The conductive cross arm is connected with an electrode power supply device, the non-contact melting device is connected with a non-contact melting power supply device, the bottom wall of the electric arc furnace is connected with a molten steel electromagnetic stirring device, and the side wall of the electric arc furnace is connected with a slag and molten steel temperature monitoring device.
The smelting method for steelmaking by scrap steel adopts the steelmaking equipment, and comprises the following steps:
the electric arc furnace is electrified to melt furnace burden in the electric arc furnace, and the multifunctional furnace wall gun blows fuel gas and oxygen into the electric arc furnace;
the electromagnet in the scrap steel preheating chamber adsorbs the furnace burden, the non-contact melting device heats the furnace burden in the non-contact melting device, and the flue gas in the electric arc furnace preheats the scrap steel preheating chamber and the furnace burden in the non-contact melting device;
oxygen and carbon are blown into the electric arc furnace through a multifunctional furnace wall gun; oxygen is blown into the scrap steel preheating chamber through a secondary combustion device;
step 4, deslagging;
and 5, tapping.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: non-contact melting is more stable than arc melting, has higher power factor (0.9 vs 0.8) and thermal efficiency (73% vs 63%) and has smaller impact on the power grid; ton steel electrode consumption 0.6kg/t (international leading level 0.8 kg/t); the scrap steel is preheated and melted in a non-contact mode, so that the power consumption (100 kWh/t) of ton steel can be saved, the metal yield can be improved by 5%, the scrap steel melting is accelerated, the zinc oxide content in smoke dust can be improved, and a foundation is laid for extracting zinc from dust removal ash of the device; the oxygen burner can utilize gas or natural gas and oxygen recovered in a factory to support combustion so as to accelerate the melting of the scrap steel, and can also jet oxygen to react with the jetted carbon powder to produce CO, and the CO can be used for further preheating the scrap steel by secondary combustion in the scrap steel preheating chamber, so that the effective combination of primary energy and secondary energy is realized, and the energy efficiency is improved while the production efficiency is also considered. The chemical heat of the flue gas can be fully utilized, the temperature of the waste steel is improved, the temperature of the flue gas is improved (more than 850 ℃), and dioxin is eliminated.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a steel-making apparatus for making steel from scrap according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of a steel making apparatus for making steel from scrap according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A in fig. 2.
1. An arc furnace; 2. multifunctional furnace wall gun; 3. a non-contact melting device; 4. a non-contact melting power supply device; 5. a lining; 6. a scrap steel preheating chamber; 7. an electromagnet; 8. scrap steel chain plate conveyor; 9. a rapid cooling device; 10. a dynamic sealing device; 11. a dust removal ventilation groove; 12. a secondary combustion device; 13. an electrode; 14. a conductive cross arm; 15. a slag outlet; 16. a steel tapping hole; 17. an electromagnetic stirring device for molten steel; 18. a conductive cross arm lifting device; 19. a conductive cross arm and a furnace cover rotating device; 20. an electrode power supply device; 21. flue gas temperature and composition monitoring device; 22. a slag and molten steel temperature monitoring device; 23. a top wall; 24. a sidewall; 25. a bottom wall; 26. a refractory retaining wall;
101. a first smelting chamber; 102. a second smelting chamber; 103. a first side furnace wall; 104. a second side furnace wall; 105. a third side furnace wall; 106. and a fourth side furnace wall.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
The steel-making equipment for making steel by using scrap steel comprises a scrap steel preheating chamber 6, a non-contact melting device 3 and an electric arc furnace 1 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the non-contact melting device 3 is of a cylindrical structure with both upper and lower ends open, the upper end of the non-contact melting device 3 is an inlet end, the lower end of the non-contact melting device 3 is an outlet end, and the non-contact melting device 3 can heat furnace burden in the non-contact melting device 3 in a non-contact manner; the electric arc furnace 1 comprises a top wall 23, a side wall 24 and a bottom wall 25 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the electric arc furnace 1 comprises a closed hearth, the side wall 24 is provided with a multifunctional furnace wall gun 2, and the lower part of the non-contact melting device 3 is correspondingly and hermetically connected with a charging port of the electric arc furnace 1; the scrap preheating chamber 6 is located above the non-contact melting device 3, the outlet of the scrap preheating chamber 6 is correspondingly connected with the inlet of the non-contact melting device 3, the side wall of the scrap preheating chamber 6 is provided with a secondary combustion device 12 which can blow oxygen and fuel gas into the scrap preheating chamber 6, and an electromagnet 7 which can adsorb furnace burden is arranged in the scrap preheating chamber 6, as shown in figures 1 to 3.
The invention relates to a scrap steel preheating chamber 6, a non-contact melting device 3 and an electric arc furnace 1 of steel-making equipment for steel-making by scrap steel, which adopt steel-retaining slag-retaining operation in a fully-closed state, and adopt an energy supply mode of combining non-contact melting, electric arc heating, oxygen blowing and carbon spraying, oxygen and gas combustion fluxing, simultaneously heat and melt scrap steel in multiple directions and multiple angles, preheat the scrap steel by smoke dust and waste gas generated by oxygen and gas fluxing, electric arc melting and oxygen blowing and carbon spraying, preheat the scrap steel by non-contact melting, and then high-efficiency oxygen blowing and dephosphorization by a multifunctional furnace wall gun or an embedded oxygen gun after the scrap steel is melted to a certain proportion, so as to adjust molten steel components, simultaneously the electric arc heating can continuously heat the molten steel to a qualified tapping temperature, and the flue gas generated in the whole smelting process is led into a special scrap steel chamber for secondary combustion to raise the temperature of the flue gas and preheat the scrap steel of the next furnace, wherein the flue gas is heated to above 850 ℃ to promote dioxin cracking.
In this embodiment, a refractory retaining wall 26 is disposed in the electric arc furnace 1, a hearth in the electric arc furnace 1 is partitioned by the refractory retaining wall 26 to form two smelting chambers which are arranged at intervals, the two smelting chambers are a first smelting chamber 101 and a second smelting chamber 102, the first smelting chamber 101 and the second smelting chamber 102 are mirror images of each other, the first smelting chamber 101 and the second smelting chamber 102 are independent of each other, the lower end of the refractory retaining wall 26 is connected with the bottom wall 25, and the upper part of the first smelting chamber 101 is communicated with the upper part of the second smelting chamber 102, as shown in fig. 2 and 3.
The electrode 13 of the arc furnace 1 can be switched and heated in two smelting chambers under the drive of the conductive cross arm 14 and the furnace cover rotating device 19, namely, as shown in fig. 2, the conductive cross arm 14 can drive the electrode 13 to rotate for a certain angle. The refractory retaining wall 26 is arranged between the first smelting chamber 101 and the second smelting chamber 102, a molten pool of the two smelting chambers is divided into two parts, and the upper parts of the molten pools are communicated so as to facilitate the mutual circulation of flue gas, so that when the first smelting chamber 101 is used for oxygen blowing smelting, the flue gas can enter the second smelting chamber 102 through the upper channel, and then enter the scrap preheating chamber through a channel of a non-contact smelting device above the first smelting chamber 101 and the second smelting chamber 102; and vice versa.
In the present embodiment, the side wall 24 includes a first side wall 103, a second side wall 104, a third side wall 105, and a fourth side wall 106 connected in this order, the first side wall 103, the third side wall 105, and the fourth side wall 106 are all in an upright state, the first side wall 103, the third side wall 105, and the refractory retaining wall 26 are parallel to each other, and the second side wall 104 is in an inclined state. The electric arc furnace 1 adopts a non-water-cooled furnace body structure 1, the outer layer of the furnace body can be formed by welding steel plates for boilers, and the inner side of the steel plates is built with refractory and heat-insulating materials.
In this embodiment, the steelmaking apparatus for steelmaking from scrap steel includes four non-contact melting devices 3, the lower ends of the four non-contact melting devices 3 are located directly above the second side furnace wall 104, two non-contact melting devices 3 of the four non-contact melting devices 3 are communicated with the first smelting chamber 101, the other two non-contact melting devices 3 of the four non-contact melting devices 3 are communicated with the second smelting chamber 102, and the multi-functional furnace wall gun 2 is located between the second side furnace wall 104 and the non-contact melting devices 3.
The multifunctional furnace wall gun 2 is provided with a burner mode mainly used for injecting fuel gas and an oxygen gun mode mainly used for injecting oxygen, the two modes can be switched and used according to different smelting stages, and meanwhile, a carbon gun for injecting carbon powder is also arranged, and the carbon gun can be used with any one of the two modes. The four non-contact melting devices 3 share 1 set of non-contact melting power supply device 4; the specific number of non-contact melting devices 3 may also be determined according to the process requirements.
In the present embodiment, the non-contact melting apparatus 3 may heat, raise the temperature of, and melt the scrap steel by non-contact means such as induction magnetic field heating, microwave heating, or the like. That is, the non-contact melting device 3 includes an electromagnetic emission device capable of electromagnetic induction heating of the burden, or the non-contact melting device 3 includes a microwave emission device capable of microwave heating of the burden. Inside the non-contact melting device 3 is provided a non-water-cooled lining 5. The bottom of the non-contact melting device 3 is communicated with the hearth of the electric arc furnace 1, and molten steel in the furnace can be in contact with scrap steel in the non-contact melting device 3 to transfer heat to melt the scrap steel in the non-contact melting device 3.
The multifunctional furnace wall gun 2 can spray oxygen and fuel gas to accelerate the melting of the scrap steel. The flue gas in the electric arc furnace 1 is led into a scrap preheating chamber 6 for scrap preheating and secondary combustion. The scrap steel preheating chamber 6 adopts a non-water-cooling structure, a secondary combustion device 12 is arranged in the scrap steel preheating chamber, the secondary combustion device 12 can be used for injecting oxygen and fuel gas for secondary combustion of carbon monoxide in flue gas, the scrap steel is preheated on one hand, and the flue gas is heated on the other hand.
In this embodiment, the electromagnet 7 has a strip structure, the length direction of the electromagnet 7 is the same as the horizontal direction, that is, the length of the electromagnet 7 is the left-right direction in fig. 3, the electromagnet 7 can rotate with the center line of the electromagnet 7 as an axis, that is, the electromagnet 7 can rotate (the electromagnet 7 may be referred to as a turnover electromagnet). When the scrap steel is preheated to a certain temperature, the electromagnet 7 is powered off, so that the adsorbed scrap steel can fall into the non-contact melting device 3 for heating and raising the temperature.
In the embodiment, the inlet of the scrap preheating chamber 6 is positioned at the upper part, the outlet of the scrap preheating chamber 6 is positioned at the lower part, the top of the scrap preheating chamber 6 is provided with a rapid cooling device 9, the top of the rapid cooling device 9 is provided with a dust removal ventilation groove 11, the inlet of the scrap preheating chamber 6 is provided with a dynamic sealing device 10, the upper part of the scrap preheating chamber 6 is internally provided with a flue gas temperature and composition monitoring device 21, and the steel-making equipment for steel making by scrap comprises a scrap chain plate conveyor 8 for conveying furnace burden to the scrap preheating chamber 6.
The rapid cooling device 9 is in the form of a heat exchange tube, the rapid cooling device 9 can rapidly cool the flue gas overflowed from the scrap steel preheating chamber 6, the cooling speed reaches more than 250 ℃/s, and meanwhile, the flue gas temperature and composition monitoring device 21 is arranged to monitor and analyze the temperature and composition of the flue gas in real time. The scrap steel inlet of the rapid cooling device 6 is provided with a dynamic sealing device 10 for sealing the flue gas overflowed from the scrap steel charging hole. The dust-removing ventilation groove 11 is used for capturing the flue gas overflowed from the rapid cooling device and guiding the flue gas into a subsequent dust-removing system. The scrap steel chain plate conveyor 8 is provided with an electromagnet which can adsorb scrap steel on the chain plate machine, and the function can prevent the scrap steel from sliding off the chain plate machine during large-angle feeding.
In this embodiment, the electric arc furnace 1 further comprises an electrode 13, a conductive cross arm 14, a conductive cross arm lifting device 18 and a conductive cross arm and furnace cover rotating device 19 which are connected in sequence. The conductive cross arm lifting device 18 and the conductive cross arm and furnace cover rotating device 19 can lift and rotate the electrode 13 by a certain angle so as to switch between the first smelting chamber 101 and the second smelting chamber 102.
In the present embodiment, the conductive cross arm 14 is connected with an electrode power supply device 20, the non-contact melting device 3 is connected with a non-contact melting power supply device 4, the bottom wall 25 of the electric arc furnace 1 is connected with a molten steel electromagnetic stirring device 17, and the side wall 24 of the electric arc furnace 1 is connected with a slag and molten steel temperature monitoring device 22.
The smelting method for steelmaking by scrap steel is introduced below, the smelting method for steelmaking by scrap steel adopts the steelmaking equipment, and the smelting method for steelmaking by scrap steel comprises the following steps:
the electrode power supply device 20 supplies power to the electrode 13, then the electrode 13 controls the conductive cross arm lifting device 21 to melt furnace burden (scrap steel, carbon block, pig iron, molten iron, DRI or mixture) in the electric arc furnace 1 through an electrode regulating system, and the whole melting process is carried out in a closed hearth; after the scrap steel is filled in the furnace, the multifunctional furnace wall gun 2 arranged on the furnace wall can be utilized to blow fuel gas and oxygen according to a certain proportion, thereby playing the role of fluxing of the burner and accelerating the melting of the scrap steel.
If the smelting is the first smelting of the first new furnace lining, the method also comprises the step of opening the furnace cover for charging for the first time before the step 1. The step is mainly applicable to the first smelting of a new furnace lining for producing steel left in the furnace, and when the steel left in the electric arc furnace 1 exists, the step 1 is started. The method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, the bottom ends of the conductive cross arm 14 and the electrode 13 are lifted to 200mm above the top wall 23 by using the conductive cross arm lifting device 18, then the top wall 23 (also called a furnace cover) is lifted by using the furnace cover lifting device 19, after the electrode 13 and the furnace cover are unscrewed by more than 72 degrees by using the conductive cross arm and the electrode rotating device 18, 30% -40% furnace burden (scrap steel, carbon block, pig iron, molten iron, DRI or mixture) for smelting is added into the furnace from above the upper furnace shell, then the top wall 23, the conductive cross arm 14 and the electrode 13 are unscrewed to above the furnace shell by using the conductive cross arm and the electrode rotating device, after the furnace cover lifting device lowers the furnace cover by 500mm and closes the upper furnace shell, the lifting hydraulic cylinder of the furnace cover is completely separated from the furnace cover by continuing to descend by 200mm, the furnace cover falls on the upper furnace shell by means of gravity, and a guide fixing device is further arranged on the upper part of the upper furnace shell in order to prevent the furnace cover from sliding.
the scrap steel is continuously added into a scrap steel preheating chamber by a scrap steel chain plate conveyor 8, when a weighing device on the electric arc furnace 1 displays that the weight of a molten pool reaches a set value, an electromagnet 7 can be electrified, and subsequently added furnace materials are adsorbed on the electromagnet 7 for preheating; when the position of the burden is higher than the top of the non-contact melting device 3, the non-contact melting device 3 can be supplied with power by the non-contact power supply device 4 to heat the burden in the non-contact melting device 3. At the same time, the flue gas in the electric arc furnace 1 preheats the scrap preheating chamber 6 and the charge in the non-contact melting device 3.
when the molten pool in the electric arc furnace 1 is formed, oxygen blowing and carbon spraying operations can be synchronously performed, oxygen is blown and carbon is sprayed to the molten pool according to set flow and proportion by utilizing a multifunctional furnace wall gun 2 arranged on a furnace wall, oxygen is sprayed into a metal molten pool by adjusting the angle of the multifunctional furnace wall gun 2, carbon powder is sprayed into slag, and simultaneously, the time and flow of oxygen blowing and carbon spraying are adjusted according to the monitoring result of a slag and molten steel temperature monitoring device 22 so as to ensure reasonable foam slag temperature and heating speed. In the smelting process, generated flue gas enters a scrap steel preheating chamber 6 through a non-contact melting device 3, and when a flue gas detection system 21 monitors that the concentration of CO in the flue gas reaches a certain concentration, a secondary combustion gun 7 arranged on the side wall of a combustion sedimentation chamber blows oxygen into the flue gas in the combustion sedimentation chamber to promote the sufficient combustion of the CO in the flue gas and reduce the CO to a safe range.
And 4, deslagging. Starting from step 3, slag will be continuously produced in the furnace, which slag can be continuously removed through the tap hole 15 after accumulating to some extent.
And 5, tapping. After step 4 is completed, after the bath temperature and carbon content in the furnace reach the established targets, the molten steel can be continuously discharged through the liquid steel outlet 16.
The invention provides that the whole steelmaking process is carried out in a fully-closed state, the cover is not opened for charging, and the smoke dust emission in the steelmaking process is reduced. The invention adopts the operation of steel and slag, the energy is transferred by the steel to accelerate the melting of the scrap steel, the electric arc only heats the molten steel, the smelting of a flat molten pool is realized, the electric arc heating is more stable, the noise is lower, and the impact on a power grid is smaller.
The invention provides a method for simultaneously heating and melting scrap steel by an energy supply mode combining non-contact melting, arc heating, oxygen blowing and carbon spraying, oxygen and gas combustion fluxing, in particular to a method for heating and melting scrap steel by combining non-contact melting and arc heating or by combining non-contact melting and oxygen blowing and carbon spraying, oxygen and gas combustion fluxing.
The invention provides a method for combining high-temperature flue gas preheating scrap steel with non-contact melting, electric arc heating and primary energy fluxing to jointly accelerate the melting of the scrap steel. The secondary combustion of high-temperature flue gas and the cracking of preheated scrap steel and dioxin are combined.
The invention provides a process idea of combining a primary energy source, a secondary energy source induction and arc supply mode and flue gas waste heat recovery to improve the heat efficiency of the steel-making process by using scrap steel. The invention can be applied to a device for steelmaking by scrap steel, and can also be applied to other novel devices which combine non-contact melting junction and electric arc heating.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, so that the substitution of equivalent elements or equivalent variations and modifications within the scope of the invention shall fall within the scope of the patent. In addition, the technical features and the technical features, the technical features and the technical invention can be freely combined for use.
Claims (2)
1. A steel-making apparatus for making steel from scrap, comprising:
the non-contact melting device (3) is of a cylindrical structure with both upper and lower ends open, and the non-contact melting device (3) can heat furnace burden in the non-contact melting device (3) in a non-contact manner;
the electric arc furnace (1) comprises a top wall (23), a side wall (24) and a bottom wall (25) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the side wall (24) is provided with a multifunctional furnace wall gun (2), and the lower part of the non-contact melting device (3) is correspondingly connected with a charging port of the electric arc furnace (1); the multifunctional furnace wall gun (2) can spray fuel gas, oxygen and carbon powder;
the steel scrap preheating chamber (6) is positioned above the non-contact melting device (3), the outlet of the steel scrap preheating chamber (6) is correspondingly connected with the inlet of the non-contact melting device (3), the side wall of the steel scrap preheating chamber (6) is provided with a secondary combustion device (12) which can spray oxygen and fuel gas into the steel scrap preheating chamber (6), and an electromagnet (7) which can adsorb furnace burden is arranged in the steel scrap preheating chamber (6);
a fire-resistant retaining wall (26) is arranged in the electric arc furnace (1), a first smelting chamber (101) and a second smelting chamber (102) which are arranged at intervals are formed in a furnace chamber in the electric arc furnace (1) by being separated by the fire-resistant retaining wall (26), the lower end of the fire-resistant retaining wall (26) is connected with the bottom wall (25), and the upper part of the first smelting chamber (101) is communicated with the upper part of the second smelting chamber (102);
the side wall (24) comprises a first side furnace wall (103), a second side furnace wall (104), a third side furnace wall (105) and a fourth side furnace wall (106) which are sequentially connected, wherein the first side furnace wall (103), the third side furnace wall (105) and the fourth side furnace wall (106) are all in an upright state, the first side furnace wall (103), the third side furnace wall (105) and the fire-resistant retaining wall (26) are parallel, and the second side furnace wall (104) is in an inclined state;
the steelmaking equipment for steelmaking by using scrap steel comprises four non-contact melting devices (3), wherein the lower ends of the four non-contact melting devices (3) are all positioned right above a second side furnace wall (104), two non-contact melting devices (3) in the four non-contact melting devices (3) are communicated with a first smelting chamber (101), the other two non-contact melting devices (3) in the four non-contact melting devices (3) are communicated with a second smelting chamber (102), and a multifunctional furnace wall gun (2) is positioned between the second side furnace wall (104) and the non-contact melting devices (3);
the non-contact melting device (3) comprises an electromagnetic emission device capable of heating furnace burden by electromagnetic induction, and the non-contact melting device (3) comprises a microwave emission device capable of heating furnace burden by microwaves;
the electromagnet (7) is in a strip-shaped structure, the length direction of the electromagnet (7) is the same as the horizontal direction, and the electromagnet (7) can rotate by taking the central line of the electromagnet (7) as an axis;
the inlet of the scrap steel preheating chamber (6) is positioned at the upper part, the outlet of the scrap steel preheating chamber (6) is positioned at the lower part, the top of the scrap steel preheating chamber (6) is provided with a rapid cooling device (9), the top of the rapid cooling device (9) is provided with a dust removal ventilation groove (11), the inlet of the scrap steel preheating chamber (6) is provided with a dynamic sealing device (10), the upper part of the scrap steel preheating chamber (6) is internally provided with a flue gas temperature and component monitoring device (21), and the steelmaking equipment for steelmaking by scrap steel comprises a scrap steel chain plate conveyor (8) for the scrap steel preheating chamber (6);
the electric arc furnace (1) also comprises an electrode (13), a conductive cross arm (14), a conductive cross arm lifting device (18) and a conductive cross arm and furnace cover rotating device (19) which are connected in sequence;
the electric conduction cross arm (14) is connected with an electrode power supply device (20), the non-contact melting device (3) is connected with a non-contact melting power supply device (4), the bottom wall (25) of the electric arc furnace (1) is connected with a molten steel electromagnetic stirring device (17), and the side wall (24) of the electric arc furnace (1) is connected with a slag and molten steel temperature monitoring device (22).
2. A method for smelting steel from scrap, characterized in that the method for smelting steel from scrap employs the steel-making apparatus according to claim 1, the method for smelting steel from scrap comprising the steps of:
step 1, electrifying and melting and oxygen combustion fluxing;
the electric arc furnace (1) is electrified to melt furnace burden in the electric arc furnace (1), and the multifunctional furnace wall gun (2) blows fuel gas and oxygen into the electric arc furnace (1);
step 2, charging and non-contact melting of a scrap steel preheating chamber;
the electromagnet (7) in the scrap steel preheating chamber (6) adsorbs the furnace burden, the non-contact melting device (3) heats the furnace burden in the non-contact melting device (3), and the flue gas in the electric arc furnace (1) preheats the furnace burden in the scrap steel preheating chamber (6) and the non-contact melting device (3);
step 3, oxygen blowing and carbon spraying and secondary combustion of flue gas;
oxygen and carbon are blown into the electric arc furnace (1) through the multifunctional furnace wall gun (2); oxygen is blown into the scrap steel preheating chamber (6) through the secondary combustion device (12);
step 4, deslagging;
and 5, tapping.
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| CN109797268B (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2024-04-05 | 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 | Steelmaking apparatus and method for utilizing electric arc furnace to consume waste |
| CN114234655B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-09-26 | 湖南中科电气股份有限公司 | Scrap steel preheating system and preheating method |
| CN114891952A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-12 | 湖南华菱涟源钢铁有限公司 | Oxygen-fuel-electricity combined scrap steel premelting method |
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