CN108624348A - Preparation process, device and its application as diesel fuel of waste plastics pyrolysis oil - Google Patents
Preparation process, device and its application as diesel fuel of waste plastics pyrolysis oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN108624348A CN108624348A CN201810498533.5A CN201810498533A CN108624348A CN 108624348 A CN108624348 A CN 108624348A CN 201810498533 A CN201810498533 A CN 201810498533A CN 108624348 A CN108624348 A CN 108624348A
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- waste plastics
- pyrolysis oil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
Abstract
The invention discloses the preparation process of waste plastics pyrolysis oil, device and its as the application of diesel fuel, waste plastics is broken, and high temperature pyrolysis unit is delivered in oxygen-free environment and carries out high temperature pyrolysis, waste plastics pyrolysis oil is then detached to obtain, with diesel oil according to 1：Known to the running combustibility of diesel engine and emission performance after 14 mixing：100%PPO is higher than 75% load condition, and 90%PPO is higher than 50% load condition, and under all load conditions, engine can reliablely and stablely be run lower PPO blends；In the case of longtime running, blending ratio is that 60% 70%PPO is operated under 80% 90% engine loads and can be reached optimal engine performance and discharge index.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental protections and technical field of energy utilization, and in particular to a kind of preparation work of waste plastics pyrolysis oil
Skill, device and its application as diesel fuel.
Background technology
In recent years, plastics yield explosive growth has reached annual 100000000 2,900 ten thousand tons, although carrying out many environmentally friendly modes
It recycles waste plastic, but still there is the waste plastics of millions of ton of meter to be dumped landfill or burning daily, environment is caused seriously
Pollution.Waste plastics is resourceful, and it is a kind of up-and-coming alternative energy source to convert waste plastics to fuel, can pass through tradition
Oil refining process is such as pyrolyzed, gasifies, is hydrocracked and is obtained with catalytic cracking.Wherein, pyrolytic process is that there are feelings in no oxygen
The thermal degradation process occurred under condition, waste plastics can be broken down into three products by pyrolytic process；Liquid, gas and a small amount of
Solid, the quality of thermal decomposition product depend on the waste plastics type and technological parameter such as temperature, residence time of supply pyrolysis reactor
With catalyst etc..Fluid product, i.e. plastics pyrolysis oil (PPO) and oil product have similar performance, are likely to be used for internal combustion
Machine.Nowadays, important research has been absorbed on diesel engine, since diesel engine is in very wide loading range, has very big manipulation
Property and greater efficiency, although diesel engine generates a large amount of NOxWith PM discharge capacitys, but diesel engine still experience rapid growth, find
Alternative fuel is to replace diesel oil very necessary.
Since the fuel oil quality that different types of plastic raw material and pyrolytic process generate is different, up to the present about plastics
The application study of thermal decomposition product on a diesel engine is less, and the person of studying carefully is directed to plastics pyrolysis oil and diesel oil in single cylinder diesel
Be used in mixed way and studied, in larger diesel engine, J.Pratoomyod et al. mixes plastics pyrolysis oil and diesel oil
Using being studied, diesel engine can bear plastics pyrolysis oil and the diesel oil mixing of medium composite rate, but to burning
The relevant report that performance is analyzed.
Invention content
The present inventor is negative in engine by being mixed to the ratio of plastics pyrolysis oil and diesel oil from 0% to 100%
Under lotus is from 25% to 100%, engine performance is carried out to plastics pyrolysis oil on one or four cylinder direct injection formula diesel engines and discharge carries out
Correlative study finds that plastics pyrolysis oil is similar with the performance of diesel fuel under certain engine specific run operating modes, is one
The up-and-coming alternative fuel of kind；It is an object of the invention to assess using plastics pyrolysis oil as diesel oil substitute fuel can
Row, and its optimal operating condition is estimated, a kind of preparation process and device of waste plastics pyrolysis oil are provided, is additionally provided
State application of the waste plastics pyrolysis oil as diesel fuel.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of pyrolysis installation of waste plastics pyrolysis oil includes the main chamber for purified oxygen successively, concubine, switch room, cold
Condenser, the gas tank for collecting gaseous product and the fuel tank for storing pyrolysis oil, wherein the main chamber, concubine and conversion
Room is sequentially communicated, and the switch room contains there are two outlet, one outlet for handling solids, another outlet with it is described cold
Condenser entrance is connected；The condensator outlet is connected with the gas tank and the fuel tank respectively.
Preferably, the main chamber is also associated with carbon dioxide channel.
Preferably, external heater is equipped between the concubine and the switch room.
Preferably, the fuel tank inlet is equipped with filter device.
The second aspect of the present invention, the preparation process of waste plastics pyrolysis oil specifically include the following steps：
(1) waste plastics is broken, and high temperature pyrolysis unit is delivered in oxygen-free environment；
(2) by step (1) treated waste plastics high temperature pyrolysis；
(3) it is detached through step (2) high temperature pyrolysis product, obtains waste plastics pyrolysis oil.
Preferably, in step (1), the waste plastics pumps sequentially enter the main chamber and the concubine after crushing；Its
In, the concubine is cleaned by carbon dioxide gas to oxygen-free environment, and the switch room is delivered under anaerobic state.
Preferably, in step (1), the waste plastics includes styrene-butadiene and polyester composite plastic.
Preferably, in step (2), the pyrolysis temperature is 800-1000 DEG C.
It is highly preferred that in step (2), the pyrolysis temperature is 900 DEG C.
Preferably, in step (3), the high temperature pyrolysis product includes solid and gaseous state object；Wherein, the solid
Through the switch room one outlet separation and recovery, the gaseous state object through the condenser condensation after be separated into vapour-phase pyrolysis oil and
Liquid phase pyrolysis oil, is delivered to respectively in the gas tank and the fuel tank.
It is highly preferred that in step (3), the solid includes that coke and/or part are not pyrolyzed waste plastics.
The third aspect of the present invention, waste plastics pyrolysis oil are made by the preparation process of above-mentioned waste plastics pyrolysis oil.
The fourth aspect of the present invention, application of the above-mentioned waste plastics pyrolysis oil as diesel fuel, the waste plastics pyrolysis
Oil exclusive use or the waste plastics pyrolysis oil and diesel oil are according to 1：1-4 is used in mixed way.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
One, the waste plastics pyrolysis oil that preparation process through the invention obtains, with diesel oil according to 1：In diesel oil after 1-4 mixing
Known to the running combustibility of machine and emission performance：PPO100 is higher than 75% load condition, and PPO90 is negative higher than 50%
Lotus operating mode, under all load conditions, engine can reliablely and stablely be run lower PPO blends；For transporting for a long time
In the case of row, blending ratio operates in for 60%-70%PPO can reach optimal engine under 80%-90% engine loads
Energy and discharge index.
Two, PPO blends firing delay is longer, and the surge pressure of cylinder is higher and heat liberation rate, heat release rate is higher；PPO blends and bavin
When oil phase ratio, engine thermal efficiency has dropped 3-4%, but PPO ratios are improved and do not made a significant impact on the thermal efficiency.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the preparation technology flow chart of waste plastics pyrolysis oil of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram of waste plastics pyrolysis oil of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the variation of 100% load (a) and 75% load (b) cylinder pressure；
Fig. 4 is variation of the cylinder pressure with load；
Fig. 5 is the variation of 100% (a) and 75% (b) load heat release rate；
Fig. 6 is the variation of BSFC (a) and BTE (b) with load；
Fig. 7 is variation of the delivery temperature with load；
Fig. 8 is variation of the discharged nitrous oxides with load；
Fig. 9 is variation of the unburned hydrocarbon discharge with load；
Figure 10 is variation of the carbon monoxide emission with load；
Figure 11 is variation of the CO2 emission with load.
Specific implementation mode
The technical solution that the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following realities
Apply example.
Referring to attached drawing 1, the pyrolysis installation of waste plastics pyrolysis oil be sequentially communicated including for the main chamber of purified oxygen, concubine,
Switch room, condenser, the gas tank for collecting gaseous product and the fuel tank for storing pyrolysis oil, there are two switch room contains
Outlet, for handling solids, another outlet is connected one outlet with condenser inlet, condensator outlet respectively with coal gas
Tank is connected with fuel tank, and main chamber is also associated with carbon dioxide channel, and external heater is equipped between concubine and switch room,
Fuel tank inlet is equipped with filter device.
Embodiment prepares plastics pyrolysis oil
The detailed process for preparing plastics pyrolysis oil is：Waste plastics raw material is first broken into 1-2m2Then fritter is turned by pump
Main chamber is moved on to, in main chamber and concubine, waste plastics block carbon dioxide (CO2) cleaning, it is ensured that it is transferred to and turns when no oxygen
Change room；Wherein, using carbon dioxide (CO2) it is because carbon dioxide is heavier than air, to push the air into ceiling portion, raw material
It is transferred in switch room from cavity bottom.Waste plastics block fast pyrogenation in the switch room that temperature is maintained at 900 DEG C is converted into
Coke and gas collect recycling solid from switch room one outlet, including coke and/or part are not pyrolyzed waste plastics, another
It is gas and pyrolysis oil that a outlet delivers into condenser refrigerated separation for gas gas-phase objects.The wherein described pyrolysis oil is filled through filtering
It sets and is filled into 1 μm, it is spare to ensure no deposit.
Waste plastics raw material is composite plastic made of styrene-butadiene and polyester plastics, and raw material composition is as shown in table 1,
1L plastics pyrolysis oils are produced, the above-mentioned waste plastics raw materials of 2Kg are needed.
Temperature increases in conversion chamber, generates a large amount of gas-phase products, condensed device is separated into：30-35% is gas phase plastics
Pyrolysis oil, 60-65% are liquid phase plastics pyrolysis oils.Gas phase plastics pyrolysis oil is mainly by CH4、H2、N2, CO and CO2Composition is put down
Composition is as shown in table 2, since a large amount of inert gases enter in gas phase plastics pyrolysis oil, cause low heat value (LHV) compared with
Low (17.68MJ/m3), the only half of natural gas low heat value.
The product oil of liquid phase plastics pyrolysis oil is dark brown close to black, and carries strong sharp aroma.Using gas phase color
A large amount of compounds and composition are as shown in table 3 in product oil to determine for spectrum-mass spectrography (GC-MS).
Plastics pyrolysis oil and the performance of diesel oil are more as shown in table 4, compared with diesel oil, plastics be pyrolyzed oil viscosity, flash-point and
Hydrogen content is all relatively low, and carbon content is higher, and density, carbon residue, oxygen, total aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrogen content significantly increase, plastics heat
The oily low heat value of solution is slightly below diesel oil, but is higher than most of biodiesel, and it is good to show that plastics pyrolysis oil has as diesel oil replacer
Good potentiality.In addition, plastics pyrolysis oil density ratio diesel oil density is obviously high, but Cetane lndex is relatively low, and plastics pyrolysis oil does not need
Any substantive upgrading be used to generate electricity and ocean application, rather than for needing to answer in the road transport of higher fuel standard
With.
1 raw material of table forms
| Material | Mass percent (%) |
| Styrene-butadiene | 47 |
| Polyester | 26 |
| Clay | 12 |
| Ethylene-vinyl acetate | 7 |
| Rosin | 6 |
| Polyethylene | 1 |
| Polypropylene | 1 |
2 gas phase plastics of table are pyrolyzed oil component
| Component | Percent by volume (%) |
| CH4 | 34 |
| H2 | 20 |
| N2 | 17.5 |
| CO | 13 |
| CO2 | 11 |
| C2H4 | 3 |
| O2 | 1.5 |
3 liquid phase plastics pyrolysis oil of table forms
| Material | Mass percent (%) |
| Benzene | 5.3 |
| Replace naphthalene | 4.1 |
| Cyclopentene | 2.9 |
| Containing chlorophenol | 4.2 |
| Cyclobutane | 0.9 |
| Naphthalene | 3.7 |
| Substituted benzene | 1.0 |
| Cresols | 3.9 |
| Dimethylbenzene | 8.8 |
| Toluene | 2.7 |
Table 4PPO and diesel engine performance compare
| Attribute | Method | PPO | Diesel oil |
| Density@15 DEG C (kg/l) | ASTMD4052 | 0.9813 | 0.8398 |
| 40 DEG C of (mm of dynamic viscosity@2/s) | IP71 | 1.918 | 2.62 |
| Flash-point (DEG C) | ASTMD93 | 13 | 59.5 |
| Arene content (%) | IP391 | 65.5 | 29.5 |
| Acid value (mgKOH/g) | IP139 | 41 | 0 |
| LHV(MJ/kg) | ASTMD240 | 38.3 | 42.9 |
| Water content (mg/kg) | ASTMD6304 | 1190 | 65 |
| Dust burdening mass percent (%) | IP391 | 0.166 | <0.001 |
| Carbon residue mass percent (%) | ASTMD4530 | 4.83 | <0.01 |
| Hydrogen content mass percent (%) | ASTMD5291 | 8.5 | 13.38 |
| Carbon content mass percent (%) | ASTMD5291 | 87.9 | 86.57 |
| Oxygen content mass percent (%) | ASTMD5622 | 3.3 | 0.05 |
| Sulfur content mass percent (%) | ASTMD5453 | 0.155 | 0.0014 |
| Nitrogen content (mg/kg) | ASTMD4629 | 820 | 44 |
The engine performance and emission testing of effect example plastics pyrolysis oil
(1) development engine
Development engine is one or four cylinders, direct-injection, turbocharging water-cooled diesel engine, and engine parameter is as shown in table 5.
5 testing engine specification of table
| Brand | AKSA |
| Model | A4CRX46TI |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Compression ratio | 17：1 |
| Substituent | 4.58lt |
| Rated power | 68kW |
| Normal speed | 1500r/min |
| Injection pressure | 24MPa |
| Cylinder diameter | 110mm |
| Stroke | 125mm |
(2) experimental rig
Referring to attached drawing 2, engine is connected with alternating current generator, is then connected to load group control engine loading, load
There are one cooling fan, maximum load 72kW, in 380V voltages, 50Hz operation at frequencies for group.By being mounted on cylinder (first
Cylinder) lid in KISTLER6125C piezo-electric pressure sensors measure inner pressure of air cylinder.Pressure sensor is connected to one
KISTLER5041E charge amplifiers, the detection for the crank angle of engine are compiled using KISTLER2614C crank angles
Code device, encoder are mounted on the first cylinder crankshaft.Using two volume flow rate meters, one in supply line, one in the line of return,
Fuel consumption measurement is carried out, in the line of return, fuel oil temperature is higher (5-10 DEG C), and fuel density is caused to have very big difference；In order to
It avoids the volume differences between supply line and the line of return from causing mistake, two thermocouples is positioned, density versus temperature is passed through
Curve carrys out measuring temperature, and calculates density.In addition, several thermocouples are used to monitoring engine performance, measured temperature has：Into
Gas, air by charge air cooler, oil sump, coolant liquid, each cylinder inlet manifold and pass through turbocharger final vacuum, pressure sensing
After device is mounted on turbocharger, with monitoring pressure, Testo350 gas analyses under different load during engine is run
Instrument is for measuring engine exhaust emission；Apparatus measures range, precision and uncertainty are as shown in table 6.
The measurement range and precision of 6 instrument of table
| Instrument | Range | Precision |
| Gas analyzer | ||
| CO | 0-10,000×10-6 | ±10<200×10-6 |
| CO2 | 0-50% | ±0.3<25% |
| NO | 0-3000×10-6 | ± 5%reading |
| NO2 | 0-500×10-6 | ±5<100×10-6 |
| HC | 0-40,000×10-6 | ±400<4000×10-6 |
| Fuel flowmeter | 2-1001 | ± 0.2% |
| Thermocouple K-type | 0-1100℃ | ±1℃ |
| Load group | 0-72kW | ±0.5 |
| Pressure sensor | 0-25MPa | <±0.02FSO |
| Crank angle sensor | 720×0.5℃A | 0.5℃A |
(3) test method
Under 1500 revs/min of rated speed, four kinds of different loads of engine are respectively 25%, 50%, 75% and
100%, it is respectively 0.316MPa, 0.631MPa, 0.947MPa and 1.263MPa to represent brake mean-effective pressure, is carried out real
It tests.The plastics pyrolysis oil and diesel oil i.e. 25%, 50%, 75%, 90% and 100% (V/V) of five kinds of mixed proportions are used respectively
PPO25, PPO50, PPO75, PPO90 and PPO100 are indicated, combustion characteristics, engine performance are carried out under each load and is given up
The test result when test of gas emission testing and diesel fuel isolated operation is compared.
Test method is specially：Engine is first started with diesel oil, when all conditions such as coolant temperature and oil temperature are stablized
Afterwards, it is switched to plastics pyrolysis oil after 30 minutes, when engine is set under the mixing condition of required output power and fuel, 5
All data are collected after minute, inner pressure of air cylinder data is write down in 100 continuous cycles, writes down flow for a cycle within 5 minutes
Reading, temperature, manifold pressure and discharge capacity are counted, and calculates average value.At the end of each test, engine switches back into bavin
Oil is simultaneously run 30 minutes, to rinse fuel pipe and spraying system.
(4) combustion characteristics interpretation of result
As shown in Fig. 3, the variation of 100% load and 75% load lower cylinder pressure can be seen that all total in Fig. 3 a
Mixed object includes PPO100 has similar pressure to be distributed compared with 100% load of diesel engine, is can be seen that when using PPO100 to side
Border postpones and surge pressure is slightly higher, however difference is almost insignificant；Fig. 3 b can be seen that PPO90 and PPO100 75%
Long delay under load especially leads to rough burning under the mixing of high PPO percentages.Engine performance is less than 75%
Under engine loading, ignition delay time is longer, PPO100 under 50% load and PPO90 under 25% load, engine without
Method is run, this may be by relatively low Cetane number and PPO highers than caused by aromatic hydrocarbon reason.
As shown in Fig. 4, the surge pressure of cylinder of the blend under different load shows regardless of engine condition
How, low mixing ratio (PPO25) can ignore peak cylinder pressure influence, but general higher mixing ratio, start relatively low
Machine load lower cylinder surge pressure increases.This is mainly due to compared with diesel oil, the low institute low with viscosity of PPO cetane number of fuel
It causes.PPO low viscosities can improve spray atomization and evaporation, will increase pre-mixing combustion part, relatively low Cetane number causes to burn
Delay expands pre-mixing combustion part.Therefore, PPO blends, lower value surge pressure is used to go out in engine low load
After existing top dead centre, mainly since combustion-delaying extends.But, the portion of pre-mixing combustion higher in engine load
It is point larger, it can cause more fiercely to burn and higher peak cylinder pressure.
As shown in Fig. 5, heat liberation rate, heat release rate when diesel oil and PPO are blended in 100% load and 75% load can clearly be seen
Go out, higher PPO blending ratios are shorter during causing firing delay longer and burning.Ignition delay time is longer, helps more preferably to fire
Atomization is expected, to which air fuel incorporation time is longer.As shown in attached drawing 5a, PPO25 and PPO50 heat liberation rate, heat release rates HRR and diesel oil
It is essentially identical, it may be possible to because most of diesel oil excites and controls combustion process.When PPO ratios increase to 75% or more,
Ignition delay time is obviously prolonged, it is observed that apparent premixed combustion phase.Below 75% load, middle high mixing ratio
When, longer ignition delay time influences more notable.The long delay phase is the main original that PPO is blended that heat liberation rate, heat release rate HRR values improve
Cause.With high aromatic hydrocarbon content fuel as PPO, there is higher adiabatic flame temperature, and higher adiabatic flame due to ring structure
Temperature then leads to more highly exothermic rate HRR.PPO low viscosities improve atomization, so as to cause increased heat liberation rate, heat release rate HRR values.Another
It is oxygen content in PPO (3.3wt%) to lead to the higher possible causes of PPO blend heat liberation rate, heat release rate HRR, and oxygen reduces cylinder and works as
Ratio is measured, combustion process is improved.According to as a result, PPO100 is not suitable for being used for a long time, it is primarily due to higher heat liberation rate, heat release rate and more volatile
Burning, may have engine damaging influence, and influence service life of aeroengine.
(5) engine performance is analyzed
As shown in Fig. 6, under different load fuel mixture fuel consumption (BSFC) (a) and brake thermal efficiency
(BTE) (b) with blending ratio is increased it is found that further will not substantially deteriorate, in moderate duty, efficiency is only more slightly lower than diesel oil.
Under the even minimum blending ratio of all operating modes, blend oil consumption greatly increases, and this is mainly due to PPO fuel compared with low heat value
Caused, the relatively low brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of display shows：No matter blending ratio is how much, when using PPO, engine work
Efficiency is all relatively low.Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is relatively low under PPO co-mixing systems, and since PPO exists in a large amount of aromatic hydrocarbon, aromatic gp needs
More energy is wanted to break.Another possible cause, which is PPO higher combustion temperatures, causes higher heat to transmit loss.
As shown in Fig. 7, the delivery temperature of diesel oil and PPO mixtures can be seen that diesel engine in institute with the variation of load
There is delivery temperature under load relatively low, PPO blending ratio increases, and delivery temperature slightly increases.Under diesel engine working order, row
Gas temperature change from 25% load when 267 DEG C increase to 100% load when 478 DEG C, and PPO100 from 25% load when
290 DEG C of 488 DEG C increased to when 100% load, this is primarily due to caused by ignition-delay period extension, and delivery temperature influences
It is insignificant.
(6) exhaust gas emission analysis
As shown in Fig. 8, the nitrogen oxides (NOx) of diesel oil and PPO blends with load variation, it is known that nitrogen oxides
Discharge capacity increases as PPO percentages increase.According to NOxFormation mechanism can be divided into heating power type, fuel type and Quick-type NOx3
Class, wherein Quick-type NOxProduction quantity is seldom, can be ignored.The mechanism that major part NOx is generated in diesel engine be due to
The heating power type of high temperature and hyperoxia supply, this is because the longer premixed combustion so as to cause higher proportion of ignition-delay period, heat release
The reason of rate higher, temperature cylinder also higher, another may influence NOx emission is that nitrogen content is higher in fuel, and fuel type promotees
Into NOx generations.
As shown in Fig. 9, unburned hydrocarbons discharge can be seen that the unburned carbon of diesel engine operation with the variation of load
Hydrogen compound discharge is blended significantly lower than PPO, and as blending ratio increases, and unburned hydrocarbons discharge increases.To same
Blending ratio, unburned hydrocarbons discharge increase with load, and unburned hydrocarbons discharge is reduced, and meets diesel oil characteristic.
PPO is blended the higher unburned hydrocarbons discharge reason of generation and is still unclear, but thinks that higher aromatic hydrocarbon content may be related；
Another possible cause, which is the spraying of PPO blends, has more good opportunity to impact combustion chamber wall surface, and density is higher, viscosity and 16
Alkane value is relatively low, causes firing delay longer.
As shown in Fig. 10, the carbon monoxide (CO) of diesel oil and PPO mixtures discharge can be seen that with the variation of load
No matter CO discharge capacity fuel, reduces with the increase of engine load.CO discharges are mainly formed by imperfect combustion,
And influenced by equivalent proportion and temperature, higher PPO blending ratios lead to higher CO discharge capacitys, the especially high mixing ratio in underload
Equal or exceed 75%, the results showed that：Combustion case severe exacerbation under these operating conditions, it may be possible to due to the 16 of PPO
Alkane value is relatively low, surge pressure can also be obtained out of relatively low cylinder.It is noted that incomplete oxidation under these conditions is not
Have and engine thermal efficiency is made a significant impact, when use is as low as medium mixing ratio fuel, or when engine work under high loads
When making, CO discharge capacitys increase very little.
As shown in Fig. 11, carbon dioxide (CO2) discharge be completely burned as a result, wherein including carbon atom quilt in fuel
Complete oxidation.It is generally free from emission regulation adjusting, is not to be regarded as a kind of pernicious gas, but because being greenhouse gases, strongly
It is required that reducing CO2 emissions.It is observed that CO2Discharge capacity increases between PPO blending ratios in almost linear relationship,
This is because PPO C/Hratios (C：H=10.34) than diesel oil (C：H=6.47) high reason, it means that discharged from burning
Identical energy wants more carbon to be aoxidized, and forms more carbon dioxide.This result shows that：Using PPO as the negative of fuel
Environment influences, but this fuel is generated from waste materials, and otherwise waste plastic is landfilled, and can discharge more two
Carbonoxide.
The above is presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention should not be limited to disclosed in the embodiment
Content.So every do not depart from the lower equivalent or modification completed of spirit disclosed in this invention, the model that the present invention protects is both fallen within
It encloses.
Claims (10)
1. waste plastics pyrolysis oil pyrolysis installation, which is characterized in that include successively the main chamber for purified oxygen, concubine, switch room,
Condenser, the gas tank for collecting gaseous product and the fuel tank for storing pyrolysis oil, wherein the main chamber, concubine and turn
Room is changed to be sequentially communicated, the switch room contains there are two outlet, one outlet for handling solids, another outlet with it is described cold
Condenser entrance is connected；The condensator outlet is connected with the gas tank and the fuel tank respectively.
2. waste plastics pyrolysis oil pyrolysis installation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the main chamber is also associated with titanium dioxide
Carbon inlet channel；External heater is equipped between the concubine and the switch room.
3. waste plastics pyrolysis oil pyrolysis installation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the fuel tank inlet is equipped with filtering and fills
It sets.
4. the technique of waste plastics pyrolysis oil is prepared by the waste plastics pyrolysis oil pyrolysis installation as described in claim any one of 1-3,
It is characterized by comprising the following steps：
(1) waste plastics is broken, and high temperature pyrolysis unit is delivered in oxygen-free environment；
(2) by step (1) treated waste plastics high temperature pyrolysis；
(3) it is detached through step (2) high temperature pyrolysis product, obtains waste plastics pyrolysis oil.
5. the preparation process of waste plastics pyrolysis oil as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that in step (1), the waste plastics warp
Pumping sequentially enters the main chamber and the concubine after broken；Wherein,
The concubine is cleaned by carbon dioxide gas to oxygen-free environment, and the switch room is delivered under anaerobic state；
The waste plastics includes styrene-butadiene and polyester composite plastic.
6. the preparation process of waste plastics pyrolysis oil as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that in step (2), the high temperature pyrolysis
Temperature is 800-1000 DEG C.
7. the preparation process of waste plastics pyrolysis oil as described in claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that in step (2), the high temperature
Pyrolysis temperature is 900 DEG C.
8. the preparation process of waste plastics pyrolysis oil as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that in step (3), the high temperature pyrolysis
Product includes solid and gaseous state object；Wherein,
One outlet separation and recovery of the solid through the switch room, the gaseous state object detach after condenser condensation
For vapour-phase pyrolysis oil and liquid phase pyrolysis oil, it is delivered to respectively in the gas tank and the fuel tank；
The solid includes that coke and/or part are not pyrolyzed waste plastics.
9. waste plastics pyrolysis oil, which is characterized in that pass through the preparation work of the waste plastics pyrolysis oil as described in claim any one of 4-8
Skill is made.
10. application of the waste plastics pyrolysis oil as claimed in claim 9 as diesel fuel, which is characterized in that the useless modeling
Expect pyrolysis oil exclusive use or the waste plastics pyrolysis oil with diesel oil according to 1：1-4 is used in mixed way.
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| CN1962735A (en) * | 2006-11-23 | 2007-05-16 | 李大光 | High-performance energy-saving waste rubber cracking apparatus |
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