CN108623269A - A kind of concrete for plant growth and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of concrete for plant growth and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108623269A CN108623269A CN201810537231.4A CN201810537231A CN108623269A CN 108623269 A CN108623269 A CN 108623269A CN 201810537231 A CN201810537231 A CN 201810537231A CN 108623269 A CN108623269 A CN 108623269A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- water
- aggregate
- acid solution
- soluble fibre
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B16/00—Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B16/04—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B16/06—Macromolecular compounds fibrous
- C04B16/0616—Macromolecular compounds fibrous from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B16/0641—Polyvinylalcohols; Polyvinylacetates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/08—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding porous substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/60—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
- C04B41/61—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/62—Coating or impregnation with organic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of concrete for plant growth and preparation method thereof, belong to building material field.A kind of concrete for plant growth, the raw material for preparing concrete include following components:The ratio of mud of sulphate aluminium cement, aggregate, admixture, water-soluble fibre, water, acid solution, the concrete is 0.22 ~ 0.30, and aggregatecement ratio is 6.0 ~ 8.0, and the aggregate is 1 in mass ratio by natural aggregate and recycled aggregate:0.2 ~ 0.4 composition, the natural aggregate and the rubble that recycled aggregate is continuous grading, average grain diameter are 5 ~ 10mm;The admixture is by silicon ash and flyash in mass ratio 1:0.25 ~ 1 composition, dosage are the 10 ~ 20% of cement quality;The dosage of the water-soluble fibre is the 1 ~ 3% of cement quality.Concrete for plant growth compression strength of the present invention is high, porosity is high and through hole proportion is high, and low alkalinity is more suitable for plant growth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of concrete for plant growth and preparation method thereof, belong to building material field.
Background technology
Concrete for plant growth is the new concrete developed in recent years, main application in bank slope protection engineering, sponge road,
The construction in parking lot etc..Concrete for plant growth may be implemented afforestation vegetation and be coexisted with concrete, it can be achieved that water conservation, protection soil
Earth, is beautified the environment, the needs of reinforcing engineering at water suction water storage, is indispensable one of composition during " sponge city " is built.
Concrete for plant growth material is one kind of porous concrete material, should have the characteristic of general celluar concrete, such as
With certain anti-folding, compression strength and porosity.And as special a kind of construction material, concrete for plant growth also needs to have more
It is suitable for the speciality of plant growth.Cementitious material used in concrete is cement at present, and hydrogen is formed after cement-based gelling material solidification
Calcium oxide so that alkalinity is presented in entire concrete system, and pH value seriously affects the growth of plant between 11 ~ 13;Meanwhile it is mixed
The intensity for coagulating soil is generally inversely proportional with porosity, i.e., high porosity leads to lower resistance to compression, flexural strength;Furthermore it is porous mixed
It includes through hole, half through hole and blind hole that solidifying soil, which is formed by pore structure, and it is good that through hole can ensure that concrete has
Water penetration and convenient for root system of plant growth.
Invention content
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of concrete for plant growth, which has low alkalinity, more perforations
The characteristics of hole, can be widely applied to the construction in bank slope protection engineering, sponge road, parking lot etc..
A kind of concrete for plant growth, the raw material for preparing concrete include following components:Sulphate aluminium cement, aggregate, admixture,
The ratio of mud of water-soluble fibre, water, acid solution, the concrete is 0.22 ~ 0.30, and aggregatecement ratio is 6.0 ~ 8.0,
The aggregate is 1 in mass ratio by natural aggregate and recycled aggregate:0.2 ~ 0.4 composition, the natural aggregate and Regenerated Bone
Material is the rubble of continuous grading, and average grain diameter is 5 ~ 10mm;The admixture is by silicon ash and flyash in mass ratio 1:
0.25 ~ 1 composition, dosage are the 10 ~ 20% of cement quality;The dosage of the water-soluble fibre is the 1 ~ 3% of cement quality.
The ratio of mud of the present invention refers to the mass ratio of water and sulphate aluminium cement;The aggregatecement ratio phalanges material and aluminium sulfate
The mass ratio of cement.
Concrete for plant growth of the present invention, the solution temperature of the preferably described water-soluble fibre is between 50 ~ 100 DEG C.Into one
Step ground, the preferably described water-soluble fibre are vinal.Above-mentioned vinal can be vinal or modification
Vinal, using method disclosed in the prior art be made, as long as meet in the water between 50 ~ 100 DEG C
Soluble condition.
Further, a diameter of 100 ~ 500 microns of the preferably described vinal, length are 1 ~ 100mm.
Concrete for plant growth of the present invention, the preferably described natural aggregate be natural rubble aggregate, water absorption rate 0.5 ~ 0.8%,
1300 ~ 1800kg/m of bulk density3, 2600 ~ 3100kg/m of apparent density3, porosity is not less than 35%.
Natural aggregate of the present invention is the natural aggregate that can be used for concrete coarse aggregate disclosed in the prior art, Ru Huagang
Rock rubble, marble rubble etc..
Concrete for plant growth of the present invention, the preferably described recycled aggregate are the rubble bone formed after discarded concrete is broken
Material, water absorption rate 3.5 ~ 4.5%, 1300 ~ 1800kg/m of bulk density3, 2600 ~ 3100kg/m of apparent density3, porosity is not less than
35%。
The average grain diameter of concrete for plant growth of the present invention, the preferably described silicon ash and flyash is 40 ~ 50 microns.
Concrete for plant growth of the present invention, the preferably described acid solution are in acetum, oxalic acid solution, citric acid solution
One kind, the pH value of acid solution is 2 ~ 3.
Present invention simultaneously provides the preparation methods of above-mentioned concrete for plant growth.
The water of coarse aggregate and 25 ~ 30% is stirred 30s by a kind of preparation method of concrete for plant growth in blender at room temperature
Sulphate aluminium cement is added afterwards and excess water is stirred for 20s;Then admixture is added and is stirred for 30s, is eventually adding water-soluble fibre
Dimension, stirs 60s, and molding conserves 28d, obtains concret block;At least using concret block obtained by steam treatment or hot-water soak
10min, the hot water is boiling water or hot water temperature is+5 ~ 10 DEG C of water-soluble fibre solution temperature;It is mixed to processing gained every for 24 hours
Spray acid solution in solidifying soil test block, the amount of spray is that the ratio of concrete test block and acid solution is 1g:2 ~ 20mL, spray is at least
3 times;Or impregnate concrete test block in an acidic solution, after impregnating 3 ~ 7d, spontaneously dry.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:The present invention provides a kind of concrete for plant growth, and the raw material of the concrete includes following groups
Point:Sulphate aluminium cement, aggregate, admixture, water-soluble fibre, water, acid solution.When carrying out concrete preparation, select flat
The equal smaller rubble of grain size is as aggregate, it is ensured that the intensity of gained concrete.Meanwhile it being added in concrete water-soluble fine
Dimension, using water-soluble fibre in the aqueous solution of higher temperature soluble feature, concrete test block molding after dissolve it
In water-soluble fibre, improve and plant the porosity that raw coagulation coagulates soil, especially through hole proportion, be the root growth of plant
Advantageous space environment is provided.Meanwhile drop alkali process is carried out to gained concrete test block, make concrete test block, especially its hole
The alkalinity of the environment of gap reduces, and is more suitable for plant growth.Concrete for plant growth compression strength of the present invention is high, porosity is high and passes through
Through-hole proportion is high, and low alkalinity is more suitable for plant growth.
Specific implementation mode
It is raw materials used as follows in following embodiments:
Natural aggregate is granite stones aggregate, water absorption rate 0.73%, bulk density 1706kg/m3, apparent density 2937kg/
m3, porosity 41.2%.
Recycled aggregate is the crushed stone aggregate formed after discarded concrete is broken, water absorption rate 4.22%, bulk density
1558kg/m3, apparent density 3004kg/m3, porosity 45.9%.
Silicon ash and the average grain diameter of flyash are 40 ~ 50 microns.
Water-soluble fibre is vinal, a diameter of 200 ~ 500 microns, and length is 10 ~ 50mm.
Embodiment 1
A kind of concrete for plant growth, the raw material for preparing concrete include following components:It is sulphate aluminium cement, aggregate, admixture, water-soluble
Property fiber, water, acid solution, the ratio of mud of the concrete is 0.22, aggregatecement ratio 7.2,
The aggregate is 1 in mass ratio by natural aggregate and recycled aggregate:0.2 composition, the natural aggregate and recycled aggregate
For the rubble of continuous grading, average grain diameter is 5 ~ 10mm;The admixture is by silicon ash and flyash in mass ratio 1:0.5 group
At dosage is the 15% of cement quality;The dosage of the water-soluble fibre is the 2% of cement quality, and the acid solution is vinegar
The pH value of acid solution, acid solution is 2.
Preparation method is as follows:At room temperature, aluminium sulfate is added after the water of coarse aggregate and 30% being stirred 30s in blender
Cement and excess water are stirred for 20s;Then admixture is added and is stirred for 30s, is eventually adding water-soluble fibre, stirs 60s, at
Type conserves 28d, obtains concret block;Utilize concret block 30min obtained by steam treatment;Every for 24 hours to processing gained coagulation
Spray acid solution in native test block, the amount of spray is that the ratio of concrete test block and acid solution is 1g:10mL is sprayed 5 times, natural
It is dry.
Embodiment 2
A kind of concrete for plant growth, the raw material for preparing concrete include following components:It is sulphate aluminium cement, aggregate, admixture, water-soluble
Property fiber, water, acid solution, the ratio of mud of the concrete is 0.25, aggregatecement ratio 6.5,
The aggregate is 1 in mass ratio by natural aggregate and recycled aggregate:0.4 composition, the natural aggregate and recycled aggregate
For the rubble of continuous grading, average grain diameter is 5 ~ 10mm;The admixture is by silicon ash and flyash in mass ratio 1:0.25 group
At dosage is the 20% of cement quality;The dosage of the water-soluble fibre is the 3% of cement quality, and the acid solution is lemon
The pH value of lemon acid solution, acid solution is 3.
Preparation method is as follows:At room temperature, aluminium sulfate is added after the water of coarse aggregate and 30% being stirred 30s in blender
Cement and excess water are stirred for 20s;Then admixture is added and is stirred for 30s, is eventually adding water-soluble fibre, stirs 60s, at
Type conserves 28d, obtains concret block;Gained concret block 30min is impregnated using boiling water, concrete test block is immersed in acid
Property solution in, impregnate 3d after, spontaneously dry.
Embodiment 3
A kind of concrete for plant growth, the raw material for preparing concrete include following components:It is sulphate aluminium cement, aggregate, admixture, water-soluble
Property fiber, water, acid solution, the ratio of mud of the concrete is 0.30, aggregatecement ratio 8.0,
The aggregate is 1 in mass ratio by natural aggregate and recycled aggregate:0.2 composition, the natural aggregate and recycled aggregate
For the rubble of continuous grading, average grain diameter is 5 ~ 10mm;The admixture is by silicon ash and flyash in mass ratio 1:1 composition,
Its dosage is the 10% of cement quality;The dosage of the water-soluble fibre is the 2% of cement quality, and the acid solution is that oxalic acid is molten
The pH value of liquid, acid solution is 3.
Preparation method is as follows:At room temperature, aluminium sulfate is added after the water of coarse aggregate and 30% being stirred 30s in blender
Cement and excess water are stirred for 20s;Then admixture is added and is stirred for 30s, is eventually adding water-soluble fibre, stirs 60s, at
Type conserves 28d, obtains concret block;Using concret block 30min obtained by steam treatment, concrete test block is immersed in acid
Property solution in, impregnate 3d after, spontaneously dry.
Embodiment 4
A kind of concrete for plant growth, the raw material for preparing concrete include following components:It is sulphate aluminium cement, aggregate, admixture, water-soluble
Property fiber, water, acid solution, the ratio of mud of the concrete is 0.28, aggregatecement ratio 7.2,
The aggregate is 1 in mass ratio by natural aggregate and recycled aggregate:0.3 composition, the natural aggregate and recycled aggregate
For the rubble of continuous grading, average grain diameter is 5 ~ 10mm;The admixture is by silicon ash and flyash in mass ratio 1:1 composition,
Its dosage is the 15% of cement quality;The dosage of the water-soluble fibre is the 3% of cement quality, and the acid solution is that acetic acid is molten
The pH value of liquid, acid solution is 2.
Preparation method is as follows:At room temperature, aluminium sulfate is added after the water of coarse aggregate and 30% being stirred 30s in blender
Cement and excess water are stirred for 20s;Then admixture is added and is stirred for 30s, is eventually adding water-soluble fibre, stirs 60s, at
Type conserves 28d, obtains concret block;Utilize concret block 30min obtained by steam treatment;Every for 24 hours to processing gained coagulation
Spray acid solution in native test block, the amount of spray is that the ratio of concrete test block and acid solution is 1g:20mL is sprayed 5 times, natural
It is dry.
Comparative example 1 ~ 4
Comparative example 1 ~ 4 and the raw material proportioning of the concrete of embodiment 1 ~ 4 are essentially identical, the difference is that without water-soluble fibre in raw material
Acid solution;Preparation method is essentially identical, the difference is that not including that alkali process drops in water-soluble fibre dissolution process and acid solution
The step of.
Specific test result see the table below 1.
Table 1
Claims (8)
1. a kind of concrete for plant growth, characterized in that the raw material for preparing concrete includes following components:Sulphate aluminium cement, aggregate,
The ratio of mud of admixture, water-soluble fibre, water, acid solution, the concrete is 0.22 ~ 0.30, and aggregatecement ratio is 6.0 ~ 8.0,
The aggregate is 1 in mass ratio by natural aggregate and recycled aggregate:0.2 ~ 0.4 composition, the natural aggregate and recycled aggregate
For the rubble of continuous grading, average grain diameter is 5 ~ 10mm;The admixture is by silicon ash and flyash in mass ratio 1:0.25~1
Composition, dosage are the 10 ~ 20% of cement quality;The dosage of the water-soluble fibre is the 1 ~ 3% of cement quality.
2. concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that the solution temperature of the water-soluble fibre 50 ~ 100 DEG C it
Between.
3. concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that the water-soluble fibre is vinal.
4. concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that the natural aggregate is natural rubble aggregate, water absorption rate
0.5 ~ 0.8%, 1300 ~ 1800kg/m of bulk density3, 2600 ~ 3100kg/m of apparent density3, porosity is not less than 35%.
5. concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that the recycled aggregate is to be formed after discarded concrete is broken
Crushed stone aggregate, water absorption rate 3.5 ~ 4.5%, 1300 ~ 1800kg/m of bulk density3, 2600 ~ 3100kg/m of apparent density3, porosity
Not less than 35%.
6. concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that the silicon ash and the average grain diameter of flyash are micro- for 40 ~ 50
Rice.
7. concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that the acid solution is acetum, oxalic acid solution, lemon
The pH value of one kind in acid solution, acid solution is 2 ~ 3.
8. the preparation method of any one of claim 1 ~ 7 concrete, characterized in that at room temperature, by coarse aggregate and 25 ~ 30%
Water stirred in blender and sulphate aluminium cement be added after 30s and excess water is stirred for 20s;Then admixture is added to be stirred for
30s is eventually adding water-soluble fibre, stirs 60s, and molding conserves 28d, obtains concret block;It is soaked using steam treatment or hot water
Bubble gained concret block at least 10min, the hot water is boiling water or hot water temperature is water-soluble fibre solution temperature+5 ~ 10
℃;Every spraying acid solution on processing gained concrete test block for 24 hours, the amount of spray is concrete test block and acid solution
Than for 1g:2 ~ 20mL is sprayed at least 3 times;Or impregnate concrete test block in an acidic solution, after impregnating 3 ~ 7d, spontaneously dry.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810537231.4A CN108623269A (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2018-05-30 | A kind of concrete for plant growth and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810537231.4A CN108623269A (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2018-05-30 | A kind of concrete for plant growth and preparation method thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN108623269A true CN108623269A (en) | 2018-10-09 |
Family
ID=63690862
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810537231.4A Withdrawn CN108623269A (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2018-05-30 | A kind of concrete for plant growth and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN108623269A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113004056A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-06-22 | 吴江永盛混凝土有限公司 | Alkali-reducing treatment method for ecological concrete |
-
2018
- 2018-05-30 CN CN201810537231.4A patent/CN108623269A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113004056A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-06-22 | 吴江永盛混凝土有限公司 | Alkali-reducing treatment method for ecological concrete |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN108484069A (en) | A kind of enhancing concrete for plant growth and preparation method thereof | |
CN105130368B (en) | A kind of pervious surface material and preparation method thereof | |
CN103145365B (en) | Concrete anti-cracking repairing agent and concrete applying the same | |
CN107140902B (en) | A kind of permeable foam concrete and preparation method thereof | |
CN106477929A (en) | A kind of intensifying regenerating aggregate processing method and intensifying regenerating aggregate concrete | |
KR101308084B1 (en) | Repairing method of reinforced concrete structures using inorganic self-healing materials | |
CN109293318A (en) | Pervious concrete | |
CN105884308A (en) | Waste concrete regeneration method | |
CN105819783A (en) | Salt frost resistant concrete curbstone prepared from waste slurry of concrete mixing station and preparation method thereof | |
CN107777981A (en) | A kind of regeneration concrete and preparation method thereof | |
CN107572981A (en) | A kind of concrete repair self-compacting concrete and preparation method thereof | |
CN106365536A (en) | Self-compacting expansive concrete | |
CN113200697B (en) | Preparation method of chemical micro-corrosion coral aggregate and geopolymer-based ultrahigh-strength coral concrete | |
CN108341619A (en) | A kind of concrete inside and outside water translocation inhibitor | |
CN107879681A (en) | A kind of concrete slurry, alkali-activated carbonatite lightweight rubber regeneration concrete and preparation method thereof | |
CN108892446A (en) | A kind of glass fiber reinforcement vegetation form cellular concrete and its construction method | |
CN109305792A (en) | A kind of soil-solidified-agent, preparation method and soil solidification construction method | |
CN107686302A (en) | A kind of cementitious capillary waterproofing material | |
CN111908855B (en) | Composite pile premixed fluidized solidified soil slurry and preparation method thereof | |
CN108623269A (en) | A kind of concrete for plant growth and preparation method thereof | |
CN105084838A (en) | Pervious concrete for highway engineering | |
CN107473660A (en) | A kind of building block of high intensity sulfurizing iron tailing concrete and its preparation and application | |
Rajasekhar et al. | Strength properties of pervious concrete compared with conventional concrete | |
CN103288396A (en) | Highway post-tensioning method prestressed concrete beam channel pressure slurry material, and preparation method thereof | |
CN107324729B (en) | A kind of high-performance fiber concrete of C100 strength grade and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication | ||
WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20181009 |