CN108615613B - MoP @ C nanowire and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
MoP @ C nanowire and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a MoP @ C nanowire formed by overlapping carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles, which is formed by overlapping carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles, wherein the length of the nanowire is 2-4 micrometers, the diameter is 100-200 nanometers, the nanowire has a rich pore structure, the main pore diameter is 15-20 nanometers, and the BET specific surface area can reach 26m2And a carbon-coated carbon layer having a thickness of 2 to 5 nm. The invention has the beneficial effects that: based on a nanostructure optimization mechanism, the invention synthesizes the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles by a simple and rapid method. When the MoP @ C nanowire formed by overlapping the carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles prepared by the invention is used as a negative electrode material of a sodium ion capacitor, excellent multiplying power and excellent cycling stability are shown. And with Na3V2O2(PO4)2The full capacitor assembled by F shows excellent electrochemical performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nano materials and electrochemistry, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a MoP @ C nanowire formed by overlapping carbon-coated MoP nano particles.
Background
In our daily life, lithium ion batteries are widely used in the fields of portable electronic devices, electric vehicles and the like, and compared with other types of energy storage devices, lithium ion batteries have the advantages of higher energy density, no memory effect, longer cycle characteristics and the like, but due to the shortage of lithium resources on the earth and the rising price, the development of a high-power and low-cost sodium ion storage system is a promising research direction at present. .
Sodium ions belong to the first main group and have similar physicochemical properties to lithium ions, but since the ionic radius of sodium ions is 1.43 times that of lithium ions, sodium ions are more likely to destroy the structure of the material when undergoing reversible deintercalation and have a slower ion diffusion rate. Therefore, the negative electrode material for storing sodium ions has poor rate performance and cycle stability due to the slow ion diffusion rate and large volume expansion, and the application of the negative electrode material in large-scale energy storage devices is limited.
In recent years, nanomaterials have attracted much attention in the electrochemical field because they provide a large specific surface area, the small-size effect of nanomaterials, the surface effect, and the macroscopic quantum tunneling effect. Annual value of global nanomaterials has reached $ 500 billion, meaning that nanomaterials play an increasingly important role in people's daily life. The nanocrystallization of the electrode material can increase the contact area between the electrode material and an electrolyte, shorten the diffusion distance of ions and further show excellent rate performance. Meanwhile, the nano structure is beneficial to stress release, the stability of the structure is maintained, and the excellent cycle life is further obtained.
Transition metal phosphide has been considered as one of the first choices for a negative electrode material because of its high theoretical specific capacity and low intercalation potential. However, due to the problems of volume expansion and polarization in the reaction process, the cycle stability of the transition metal phosphide has a certain defect, and in addition, the conductivity of the transition metal phosphide is also a big problem restricting the development of the transition metal phosphide, so that the introduction of a carbon material with good conductivity is a very effective strategy. In conclusion, the design and synthesis of the molybdenum phosphide nano-structure with high conductivity are the key for obtaining the high-performance sodium-ion capacitor cathode material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping carbon-coated MoP nano particles and a preparation method thereof, the preparation method is simple in process, and the obtained MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping carbon-coated MoP nano particles is used as a negative electrode material of a sodium ion capacitor and is connected with Na3V2O2(PO4)2The full capacitor assembled by F has excellent electrochemical performance.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the MoP @ C nanowire is formed by overlapping carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles, and the length of the nanowire is 2-4 microns and is straightHas a diameter of 100-200 nm, has rich pore structure, a main pore diameter of 15-20 nm, and a BET specific surface area of 26m2And a carbon-coated carbon layer having a thickness of 2 to 5 nm.
The preparation method of the MoP @ C nanowire comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving ammonium molybdate in deionized water, and fully stirring until the ammonium molybdate is completely dissolved;
2) adding the aniline solution into the solution obtained in the step 1), and continuously stirring until the solution is uniformly mixed;
3) adding the prepared hydrochloric acid solution into the solution obtained in the step 2) to make the solution acidic;
4) reacting the mixture obtained in the step 3) under the condition of water bath to obtain white precipitate;
5) washing the white precipitate obtained in the step 4) by using alcohol, and then drying to obtain a nanowire precursor;
6) calcining the nanowire precursor obtained in the step 5) and sodium dihydrogen hypophosphite in a certain proportion in an inert atmosphere, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping the carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles.
According to the scheme, the dosage of the aniline solution is 16-19mmol, the dosage of the ammonium molybdate is 3-6mmol, and the dosage of the deionized water is 15-25 ml.
According to the scheme, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution in the step 3) is 0.8-1.2 mol/L, and the volume of the hydrochloric acid solution is 10-15 ml.
According to the scheme, the water bath condition in the step 4) is 50-70 ℃ and the time is 8-10 hours.
According to the scheme, the molar ratio of the nanowire precursor to the sodium dihydrogen hypophosphite in the step 6) is 0.2-0.3, the sintering temperature is 700-800 ℃, and the sintering time is 3-13 hours.
The application of the MoP @ C nanowire as a negative electrode material of a sodium ion capacitor is provided.
The invention utilizes the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping the carbon-coated MoP nano particles to have a certain pore structure and a larger specific surface area, thereby effectively increasing the contact area between the electrolyte and the electrode material, and simultaneously, the reaction characteristic of the pseudo capacitor enables sodium ions to be embedded and removed more quickly in the charging and discharging process; the nanowire structure greatly shortens the diffusion distance of sodium ions and realizes good rate performance; the pore structure of the nano-wire consisting of the particles can effectively release the stress of sodium ions in the de-intercalation process, effectively prevent the structural collapse of the electrode material in the circulating process and improve the circulating stability of the material. Experiments prove that the MoP @ C nanowire formed by overlapping the carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles has good rate performance and long cycle life, and is a sodium ion capacitor negative electrode material with practical application value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: based on a nanostructure optimization mechanism, the invention synthesizes the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles by a simple and rapid method. When the MoP @ C nanowire formed by overlapping the carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles prepared by the invention is used as a negative electrode material of a sodium ion capacitor, excellent multiplying power and excellent cycling stability are shown. And with Na3V2O2(PO4)2The full capacitor assembled by F shows excellent electrochemical performance, and has good application and development in novel energy storage devices and hybrid power devices.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD pattern of the lapped carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles of the MoP @ C nanowires of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the MoP @ C nanowires formed by lapping carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron microscope image and an element distribution diagram of a MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a nitrogen adsorption isotherm and pore size distribution plot of the carbon-coated MoP @ C nanowires of example 1 of the present invention, which are lapped with the MoP nanoparticles;
FIG. 5 is an XPS plot of MoP @ C nanowires that were lapped with carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the cycle performance at a current density of 1.0A/g when the MoP @ C nanowire formed by overlapping carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles is used as a negative electrode of a sodium-ion capacitor in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the rate capability of the carbon-coated MoP @ C nanowires of example 1 of the present invention when the carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles are lapped and used as the negative electrode of a sodium ion capacitor;
FIG. 8 shows that the MoP @ C nanowires formed by overlapping carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles and used as the negative electrode and positive electrode materials Na of the sodium ion capacitor in example 1 of the invention3V2O2(PO4)2F is assembled into a full-capacitance cycle performance graph.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping carbon-coated MoP nano particles comprises the following steps:
1) 4.6mmol of ammonium molybdate is dissolved in 20ml of deionized water and fully stirred until the ammonium molybdate is completely dissolved;
2) adding 17.9mmol of aniline solution into the clear solution obtained in the step 1), and continuously stirring until the solution is uniformly mixed;
3) adding 12ml of prepared 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution into the solution obtained in the step 2) to make the solution acidic;
4) reacting the mixture obtained in the step 3) for 8 hours in a water bath at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain white precipitate;
5) washing the white precipitate obtained in the step 4) by using alcohol, and then drying to obtain a nanowire precursor;
6) calcining the nanowire precursor obtained in the step 5) and sodium dihydrogen hypophosphite in a nitrogen atmosphere according to a molar ratio of 0.25, wherein the calcining temperature is 700 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping the carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles.
Taking the product MoP @ C nanowire of the example as an example, the structure of the nanowire is determined by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. As shown in the XRD spectrum of FIG. 1, the MoP @ C nanowire is a pure phase molybdenum phosphide phase (JCPDS card No. 01-089-5110). As shown in the SEM image of FIG. 2, the nanowire has a length of 2-4 μm and a diameter of 100-200 nm. As shown in FIG. 4, from the nitrogen desorption isotherm diagram, it was found that the BET specific surface area was 26m2The pore diameter distribution of the porous material is known as the main pore diameter of the porous material is 15-20 nanometers. As shown in fig. 5, XPS result analysis showed that the MoP @ C nanowires formed by overlapping carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles had a large amount of oxygen doping, wherein the content of hexavalent molybdenum was 47.4%. By scanning the element distribution under SEM, as shown in FIG. 3, Mo, P, O and C elements are uniformly distributed, and the thickness of the carbon-coated carbon layer is 2-5 nm. The fact that the MoP @ C nanowire formed by overlapping the carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles is oxygen-rich doped is proved, and higher valence state can provide higher reactivity and capacity in the reaction process.
The carbon-coated MoP nano-particles lapped MoP @ C nanowire prepared in the example is used as a negative electrode active material of a sodium ion capacitor, and the rest steps of the preparation method of the electrode plate are the same as those of the common preparation method. The preparation method of the negative plate comprises the following steps of adopting MoP @ C nanowires as an active material, Ketjen black as a conductive agent, CMC as a binder, and the mass ratio of the active material to the Ketjen black to the CMC being 70:20: 10; after fully mixing the raw materials in proportion, uniformly coating the mixture on a copper foil; and (3) drying the coated negative plate in a vacuum oven at 120 ℃ for 10 hours for later use. 1mol/L NaPF6The sodium sheet is taken as the cathode, the glass fiber is taken as the diaphragm, and CR 2016 type stainless steel is taken as the capacitor shell to assemble the button type sodium ion capacitor.
When the nano-wire of the MoP @ C prepared by overlapping the carbon-coated MoP nano-particles in this example is used as a negative electrode material of a sodium ion capacitor, as shown in fig. 6, excellent cycle performance is exhibited. When the current density is 0.1A/g, the reversible capacity is 293.8mAh/g, and under the current density of 1A/g, the reversible capacity is still 266.8mAh/g, and simultaneously, the reversible capacity has excellent cycle performance, for example, the capacity can reach 96.7mAh/g after the current density is 1A/g and the cycle is carried out for 5000 times. As shown in fig. 7, exhibitThe reversible capacity of the material still has 42.5mAh/g capacity under the current density of 20A/g. The measured result shows that the MoP @ C nanometer formed by overlapping the carbon-coated MoP nanometer particles has excellent high rate performance and long cycle life, and is a potential high-performance sodium capacitor cathode material. As shown in FIG. 8, the carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles are lapped to form MoP @ C which is used as a negative electrode material and a positive electrode material Na3V2O2(PO4)2F, a full-capacitance cycle performance curve graph is assembled, and under the condition of high current density of 1A/g, the capacity of 130.3mAh/g still exists after 600 cycles of cycle.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping carbon-coated MoP nano particles comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving 3.5mmol of ammonium molybdate in 15ml of deionized water, and fully stirring to completely dissolve;
2) adding 17.9mmol of aniline solution into the clear solution obtained in the step 1), and continuously stirring until the solution is uniformly mixed;
3) adding 15ml of prepared 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution into the solution obtained in the step 2) to make the solution acidic;
4) reacting the mixture obtained in the step 3) for 10 hours in a water bath at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain white precipitate;
5) washing the white precipitate obtained in the step 4) by using alcohol, and then drying to obtain a nanowire precursor;
6) calcining the nanowire precursor obtained in the step 5) and sodium dihydrogen hypophosphite in a nitrogen atmosphere according to a molar ratio of 0.3, wherein the calcining temperature is 700 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping the carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles.
When the MoP @ C nanowire formed by overlapping carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles prepared in the embodiment is used as a negative electrode material of a sodium ion capacitor, the reversible capacity is 280.5mAh/g when the current density is 0.1A/g, the capacity is still 85.3mAh/g when the current density is 8A/g, the cycling stability is excellent, and the capacity can reach 84.5mAh/g after the current density is 1A/g and is cycled for 5000 times.
Example 3:
the preparation method of the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping carbon-coated MoP nano particles comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving 3.5mmol of ammonium molybdate in 20ml of deionized water, and fully stirring until the ammonium molybdate is completely dissolved;
2) adding 16.8mmol aniline solution into the clear solution obtained in the step 1), and continuously stirring until the solution is uniformly mixed;
3) adding 10ml of prepared 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution into the solution obtained in the step 2) to make the solution acidic;
4) reacting the mixture obtained in the step 3) for 8 hours in a water bath at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain white precipitate;
5) washing the white precipitate obtained in the step 4) by using alcohol, and then drying to obtain a nanowire precursor;
6) calcining the nanowire precursor obtained in the step 5) and sodium dihydrogen hypophosphite in an argon atmosphere according to a molar ratio of 0.25, wherein the calcining temperature is 750 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping the carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles.
When the MoP @ C nanowire formed by overlapping carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles prepared in the embodiment is used as a negative electrode material of a sodium ion capacitor, the reversible capacity is 269.3mAh/g when the current density is 0.1A/g, the capacity is still 75.4mAh/g when the current density is 8A/g, the cycling stability is excellent, and the capacity is still 72.3mAh/g after the current density is 1A/g and the cycling is 5000.
Example 4:
the preparation method of the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping carbon-coated MoP nano particles comprises the following steps:
1) 4.6mmol of ammonium molybdate is dissolved in 20ml of deionized water and fully stirred until the ammonium molybdate is completely dissolved;
2) adding 18mmol of aniline solution into the clear solution obtained in the step 1), and continuously stirring until the solution is uniformly mixed;
3) adding 15ml of prepared 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution into the solution obtained in the step 2) to make the solution acidic;
4) reacting the mixture obtained in the step 3) for 10 hours in a water bath at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain white precipitate;
5) washing the white precipitate obtained in the step 4) by using alcohol, and then drying to obtain a nanowire precursor;
6) calcining the nanowire precursor obtained in the step 5) and sodium dihydrogen hypophosphite in a nitrogen atmosphere according to a molar ratio of 0.25, wherein the calcining temperature is 750 ℃, the heat preservation time is 13 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping the carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles.
When the MoP @ C nanowire formed by overlapping carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles prepared in the embodiment is used as a negative electrode material of a sodium ion capacitor, the reversible capacity is 270.8mAh/g when the current density is 0.1A/g, the capacity is still 78.2mAh/g when the current density is 8A/g, the cycling stability is excellent, and the capacity is still 74.3mAh/g after the current density is 1A/g and the cycling is 5000.
Example 5:
the preparation method of the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping carbon-coated MoP nano particles comprises the following steps:
1) 4.6mmol of ammonium molybdate is dissolved in 15ml of deionized water and fully stirred until the ammonium molybdate is completely dissolved;
2) adding 17.9mmol of aniline solution into the clear solution obtained in the step 1), and continuously stirring until the solution is uniformly mixed;
3) adding 10ml of prepared 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution into the solution obtained in the step 2) to make the solution acidic;
4) reacting the mixture obtained in the step 3) for 8 hours in a water bath at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain white precipitate;
5) washing the white precipitate obtained in the step 4) by using alcohol, and then drying to obtain a nanowire precursor;
6) calcining the nanowire precursor obtained in the step 5) and sodium dihydrogen hypophosphite in a nitrogen atmosphere according to a molar ratio of 0.25, wherein the calcining temperature is 800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping the carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles.
When the MoP @ C nanowire formed by overlapping carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles prepared in the embodiment is used as a negative electrode material of a sodium ion capacitor, the reversible capacity is 252.3mAh/g when the current density is 0.1A/g, the capacity is still 68.5mAh/g when the current density is 8A/g, the cycling stability is excellent, and the capacity is still 64.2mAh/g after the current density is 1A/g and the cycling is 5000.
Example 6:
the preparation method of the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping carbon-coated MoP nano particles comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving 5mmol of ammonium molybdate in 20ml of deionized water, and fully stirring to completely dissolve;
2) adding 17.9mmol of aniline solution into the clear solution obtained in the step 1), and continuously stirring until the solution is uniformly mixed;
3) adding 15ml of prepared 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution into the solution obtained in the step 2) to make the solution acidic;
4) reacting the mixture obtained in the step 3) for 10 hours in a water bath at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain white precipitate;
5) washing the white precipitate obtained in the step 4) by using alcohol, and then drying to obtain a nanowire precursor;
6) calcining the nanowire precursor obtained in the step 5) and sodium dihydrogen hypophosphite in an argon atmosphere according to a molar ratio of 0.25, wherein the calcining temperature is 800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping the carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles.
When the MoP @ C nanowire formed by overlapping carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles prepared in the embodiment is used as a negative electrode material of a sodium ion capacitor, the reversible capacity is 231.7mAh/g when the current density is 0.1A/g, the capacity is still 58.2mAh/g when the current density is 8A/g, the cycling stability is excellent, and the capacity is still 54.7mAh/g after the current density is 1A/g and the cycling is 5000.
Example 7:
the preparation method of the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping carbon-coated MoP nano particles comprises the following steps:
1) 4.6mmol of ammonium molybdate is dissolved in 20ml of deionized water and fully stirred until the ammonium molybdate is completely dissolved;
2) adding 17.9mmol of aniline solution into the clear solution obtained in the step 1), and continuously stirring until the solution is uniformly mixed;
3) adding 10ml of prepared 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution into the solution obtained in the step 2) to make the solution acidic;
4) reacting the mixture obtained in the step 3) for 8 hours in a water bath at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain white precipitate;
5) washing the white precipitate obtained in the step 4) by using alcohol, and then drying to obtain a nanowire precursor;
6) calcining the nanowire precursor obtained in the step 5) and sodium dihydrogen hypophosphite in a nitrogen atmosphere according to a molar ratio of 0.25, wherein the calcining temperature is 800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 13 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping the carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles.
When the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping the carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles prepared in the embodiment is used as a negative electrode material of a sodium ion capacitor, the reversible capacity is 243.6mAh/g when the current density is 0.1A/g, the capacity is still 60.7mAh/g when the current density is 8A/g, the cycling stability is excellent, and the capacity is still 58.9mAh/g after the current density is 1A/g and the cycling is 5000.
Example 8:
the preparation method of the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping carbon-coated MoP nano particles comprises the following steps:
1) 4.6mmol of ammonium molybdate is dissolved in 20ml of deionized water, and the solution is fully stirred and completely dissolved;
2) adding 17mmol of aniline solution into the clear solution obtained in the step 1), and continuously stirring until the solution is uniformly mixed;
3) adding 10ml of prepared 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution into the solution obtained in the step 2) to make the solution acidic;
4) reacting the mixture obtained in the step 3) for 10 hours in a water bath at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain white precipitate;
5) washing the white precipitate obtained in the step 4) by using alcohol, and then drying to obtain a nanowire precursor;
6) calcining the nanowire precursor obtained in the step 5) and sodium dihydrogen hypophosphite in an argon atmosphere according to a molar ratio of 0.25, wherein the calcining temperature is 800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 13 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping the carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles.
When the MoP @ C nanowire formed by overlapping carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles prepared in the embodiment is used as a negative electrode material of a sodium ion capacitor, the reversible capacity is 227.5mAh/g when the current density is 0.1A/g, the capacity is still 50.1mAh/g when the current density is 8A/g, the cycling stability is excellent, and the capacity is still 49.8mAh/g after the current density is 1A/g and the cycling is 5000.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the MoP @ C nanowire comprises the step of overlapping MoP nanoparticles coated with carbon, wherein the length of the nanowire is 2-4 micrometers, the diameter of the nanowire is 100-200 nanometers, the nanowire has a rich pore structure, the pore diameter of the nanowire is 15-20 nanometers, and the BET specific surface area can reach 26m2The carbon-coated carbon layer has a thickness of 2-5 nm, and comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving ammonium molybdate in deionized water, and fully stirring until the ammonium molybdate is completely dissolved;
2) adding the aniline solution into the solution obtained in the step 1), and continuously stirring until the solution is uniformly mixed;
3) adding the prepared hydrochloric acid solution into the solution obtained in the step 2) to make the solution acidic;
4) reacting the mixture obtained in the step 3) under the condition of water bath to obtain white precipitate;
5) washing the white precipitate obtained in the step 4) by using alcohol, and then drying to obtain a nanowire precursor;
6) calcining the nanowire precursor obtained in the step 5) and sodium dihydrogen hypophosphite in a certain proportion in an inert atmosphere, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the MoP @ C nanowire formed by lapping the carbon-coated MoP nanoparticles.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the aniline solution is 16-19mmol, the ammonium molybdate is 3-6mmol, and the deionized water is 15-25 ml.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrochloric acid solution has a concentration of 0.8 to 1.2 moles per liter and a volume of 10 to 15ml in step 3).
4. The method of preparing MoP @ C nanowires of claim 1, wherein the water bath conditions in step 4) are 50-70 ℃ for 8-10 hours.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mole ratio of the nanowire precursor to the sodium dihydrogen hypophosphite in step 6) is 0.2-0.3, the sintering temperature is 700-.
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