CN108614398B - Toner cartridge with openable toner discharge port - Google Patents

Toner cartridge with openable toner discharge port Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108614398B
CN108614398B CN201611141023.XA CN201611141023A CN108614398B CN 108614398 B CN108614398 B CN 108614398B CN 201611141023 A CN201611141023 A CN 201611141023A CN 108614398 B CN108614398 B CN 108614398B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
container
shutter
receiving device
toner cartridge
discharge port
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Active
Application number
CN201611141023.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN108614398A (en
Inventor
赵明升
敖仕平
刘小兵
胡飞
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jiangxi Yibo Electronic Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Jiangxi Yibo Electronic Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201611141023.XA priority Critical patent/CN108614398B/en
Publication of CN108614398A publication Critical patent/CN108614398A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN108614398B publication Critical patent/CN108614398B/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0822Arrangements for preparing, mixing, supplying or dispensing developer
    • G03G15/0877Arrangements for metering and dispensing developer from a developer cartridge into the development unit
    • G03G15/0881Sealing of developer cartridges
    • G03G15/0886Sealing of developer cartridges by mechanical means, e.g. shutter, plug
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G21/00Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
    • G03G21/16Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements
    • G03G21/1661Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements means for handling parts of the apparatus in the apparatus
    • G03G21/1676Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements means for handling parts of the apparatus in the apparatus for the developer unit

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a toner cartridge detachably mounted on a receiving device, comprising: a container having a containing portion for containing a developer and a discharge port for discharging toner in the containing portion to the receiving device; a shutter for opening and closing the discharge port, and rotatable relative to the container between a container opening position in which the discharge port is opened and a container closing position in which the discharge port is closed; further comprising a resilient member disposed between the shutter and the container, the resilient member forcing the shutter to rotate relative to the container from the container open position to the container closed position. The problem of among the prior art block portion in the cartridge need constantly remove, the connecting portion between connecting block portion and the switching component can warp deformation or fracture, leads to the block portion inefficacy technique is solved.

Description

Toner cartridge with openable toner discharge port
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a toner cartridge with an openable and closable toner discharge port for replenishing toner into a developing device.
Background
As an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, there is known an integral cartridge in which a photosensitive drum as an image carrier and a developing roller as a toner (developer) carrier are integrally designed, and which is detachably attached to a main body of the image forming apparatus.
On the other hand, as the toner in the above-described integral cartridge continues to be consumed, a toner cartridge as a toner replenishment cartridge is known to be detachably attached to the above-described integral cartridge to replenish the toner.
In the above-described configuration, conventionally, a toner cartridge is provided with a discharge port through which toner is discharged, and it is known to provide a switch member at the discharge port in order to prevent toner leakage at the toner discharge port.
Taiwan patent publication No. TW201608347a discloses a toner cartridge detachably mounted to a receiving apparatus in an integral cartridge containing a developing roller, the toner cartridge including a container for containing toner and a discharge port for discharging toner, and further including a shutter including an opening and closing member for opening and closing the discharge port and an engaging portion having an engaging position and a escaping position with respect to the receiving apparatus, the engaging position being a position at which the engaging portion engages in the receiving apparatus when a user moves the opening and closing member from an open position to a closed position when the toner cartridge is detached, the escaping position being a position at which the engaging portion is retracted from the engaging position, the engaging portion being moved from the escaping position to the engaging position when the toner cartridge is mounted, the engaging portion being moved from the engaging position to the escaping position when the toner cartridge is detached. When the engaging portion moves continuously, the connecting portion between the engaging portion and the opening and closing member may be distorted or broken, resulting in failure of the engaging portion.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a toner cartridge, which aims to solve the technical problem that in the prior art, a clamping part in the toner cartridge needs to be continuously moved, and a connecting part between the clamping part and an opening and closing member can be distorted or broken, so that the clamping part is invalid.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A toner cartridge detachably mountable to a receiving apparatus, comprising:
a container having a containing portion for containing a developer and a discharge port for discharging toner in the containing portion to the receiving device;
a shutter for opening and closing the discharge port, and rotatable relative to the container between a container opening position in which the discharge port is opened and a container closing position in which the discharge port is closed;
further comprising a resilient member disposed between the shutter and the container, the resilient member forcing the shutter to rotate relative to the container from the container open position to the container closed position.
The elastic potential energy of the elastic member when the shutter is in the container-open position is greater than the elastic potential energy of the elastic member when the shutter is in the container-closed position.
The shutter is provided with a blocked part, when the toner cartridge is installed on the receiving device, the blocked part can be contacted with a blocking part arranged in the receiving device along with the rotation of the toner cartridge relative to the receiving device, and the elastic potential energy of the elastic component is increased along with the continuous rotation of the toner cartridge relative to the receiving device after the blocked part is contacted with the blocking part.
When the shutter is detached from the receiving device, the elastic potential energy of the elastic member moves the shutter from the container open position to the container closed position as the toner cartridge rotates relative to the receiving device.
An anti-reverse mechanism is also provided that prevents rotation of the container relative to the receiving device when the toner cartridge is installed in the receiving device and the shutter is in the container open position.
After the above scheme is adopted, the shutter in the toner cartridge is controlled by the elastic component, so that the technical problem that the clamping part in the toner cartridge needs to be continuously moved, and the connecting part between the connecting clamping part and the opening and closing component is likely to distort or break, so that the clamping part is invalid in the prior art is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic views of a cartridge compatible with the cartridge of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a toner cartridge according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an exploded structure of a first embodiment of the toner cartridge at a shutter;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a shutter in a closed state in a first embodiment of a toner cartridge according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a shutter in an opened state in a first embodiment of a toner cartridge according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a toner cartridge in a state to be mounted according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a toner cartridge in a mounted state according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a partially enlarged structure of a shutter of a toner cartridge according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a toner cartridge in a state to be mounted according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a toner cartridge in an assembled state according to a third embodiment of the toner cartridge of the present invention;
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a partially enlarged structure of a resistance member on a shutter of a toner cartridge and a receiving device in a third embodiment of a toner cartridge according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
First, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, for explaining a schematic structure of a process cartridge 40 matched with the toner cartridge of the present application, the process cartridge 40 includes a developing roller (not shown in the drawings) that can carry a developer and a photosensitive drum (not shown in the drawings) that can carry a developed latent image. Which has a receiving device 50 for receiving the toner cartridge, the receiving device 50 including a pair of mounting grooves 51 and an accommodating space for accommodating the toner cartridge. The receiving device 50 is further provided with a first shutter 52, and the frame of the process cartridge 40 is provided with a first shutter guide 53. The first shutter 52 is mounted in the first shutter guide 53, and is configured to be freely slidable (movable) along the first shutter guide 52. The process cartridge frame is further provided with a first opening 54, and the first shutter 52 is movable between a closed position (receiving port closed position) in which the first opening 54 is closed, and an open position (receiving port open position) in which the first opening 54 is open.
As shown in fig. 3, the toner cartridge 1 of the present application includes a container 3 for accommodating toner and a handle 2, mounting portions 4 provided at both sides of the toner cartridge 1 in the longitudinal direction, and a user can grasp the handle 2 to clamp the mounting portions 4 into a mounting groove 51 in the receiving means 50 and mount the toner cartridge into the interior of the receiving means 50 along the guide of the mounting groove 51, and after the mounting portion 4 is mounted to the bottom of the mounting groove 51, rotate external force receiving portions 2a at both sides of the handle 2 to rotate the toner cartridge in the R1 direction to mount the toner cartridge in place.
As shown in fig. 4, the container 3 of the toner cartridge is provided with a discharge port 7 for discharging toner, and second shutter guides 3c are provided on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the discharge port 7, and the second shutter 5 is mounted in the second shutter guides 3c so as to be freely slidable (movable) along the second shutter guides 3 c. The elastic member 6 is arranged between the second shutter 5 and the container 3, in this embodiment, the elastic member 6 is specifically configured as a tension spring, the second shutter 5 is provided with a first hook 5b, the container 3 is provided with a second hook 3b, a first end 6a of the elastic member 6 is connected with the first hook 5b, and a second end 6b is connected with the second hook 3 b. Alternatively, the structure of the second shutter 5 and the container 3 connected to the elastic member 6 may be made in other structures, for example, in the form of a hanging rod, as long as the elastic member 6 can be connected between the second shutter 5 and the container 3 without falling off. The elastic member 6 may also take the form of a compression spring, whose mounting position with respect to the second shutter 5 is on the opposite side in the form of a tension spring, when in the form of a compression spring, one end of which abuts the second shutter 5 and the other end of which abuts the container 3.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the second shutter 5 is movable between a closed position (container closed position) in which the discharge port 7 is closed, and an open position (container open position) in which the discharge port 7 is open. The container 3 is provided with a protrusion 3a that mates with a hole 52a (see fig. 1) provided in the first shutter 52 in the receiving means 50, and when the toner cartridge 1 is mounted in the receiving means 50 along the mounting groove 51, the toner cartridge is rotated in the R1 direction, a blocked portion 5a provided on the second shutter 5 is blocked by a blocking portion (not shown in the drawing) in the receiving means 50, the second shutter 5 is rotated in the S1 direction opposite to the R1 direction with respect to the container 3, and the second shutter 5 moves from the container closed position to the container open position against the elastic force of the elastic member 6, that is, the elastic potential of the elastic member 6 gradually increases as the second shutter moves from the container closed position to the container open position. When the second shutter is in the container open position, the toner cartridge 1 starts to feed developer into the process cartridge 40. When the developer in the toner cartridge 1 is consumed, the user rotates the toner cartridge in the R2 direction opposite to the R1 direction by the external force receiving portion 2a, the blocked portion 5a on the second shutter 5 is out of contact with the blocking portion in the receiving device 50, and the elastic member 6 uses its elastic potential energy to apply work to drive the second shutter 5 to rotate in the S2 direction opposite to the R2 direction relative to the container 3, i.e., move the second shutter 5 from the container open position to the container closed position. In this way, even if toner remains in the toner cartridge 1 during the process of being detached from the receiving means by rotating in the R2 direction, the elastic member 6 brings the second shutter 5 into the container-closed position to prevent the remaining toner from leaking from the container 3.
When the container 3 is mounted in the receiving device 50 and the shutter 5 is in the container open position, this state is referred to as a developer conveying state, the blocked portion 5a is in contact with the blocking portion 5b to be blocked, the elastic member 6 is in an elastically deformed state, and in order to further prevent the possibility of the toner cartridge reversely selecting to be released by the elastic force of the elastic member 6, an anti-reverse mechanism engaged with the receiving device 50 may be added to the container 3 or the shutter 5, and the anti-reverse mechanism may be provided as a catch engaged with the receiving device 50 or a friction member in contact with the receiving device 50 as long as the prevention of the reverse rotation of the toner cartridge 1 in the developer conveying state is achieved.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the same names as those of the above embodiments are used for the constituent elements having the same functions and actions as those of the above embodiments, and the description thereof will be omitted.
The structure of the present embodiment is described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 7 to 9, in the present embodiment, the second shutter 511 is provided with a catch 511a, the receiving means 50 is provided with a receiving projection 501 at a position adjacent to the first shutter guide 53, the receiving projection 501 has a first rib 501a having a recess on the lower side, and when the toner cartridge is mounted in the receiving means 50 and the second shutter 511 is in a container opening position in which the discharge port is opened, the catch 511a is caught in the recess under the first rib 501a, and the toner cartridge starts to convey the developer into the process cartridge. When the toner cartridge needs to be replaced, the user rotates to detach the toner cartridge in the R2 direction, the buckle 511a moves the second shutter 511 from the container open position to the container closed position during the detachment process, the residual toner in the container 3 is prevented from leaking, and then the user applies a force to detach the buckle 511a from the first rib 501 a. Specifically, when the toner cartridge is removed, the container 3 has a rotation start position in which the shutter 5 opens the discharge port 7, and a rotation end position in which the shutter 5 closes the discharge port 7 and can be taken out from the receiving device, and the catch 511a is engaged with the receiving device in both the rotation start position and the rotation end position.
Further, in order to prevent the catch 511a from being disengaged from the first rib 501a when the second shutter 511 is moved from the container open position to the container closed position upon removal of the toner cartridge, the container 3 is further provided with a stopper 3d, and the stopper 3d abuts against a part of the main body of the catch 511a to prevent the catch 511a from being excessively disengaged in a direction away from the first rib 501a and from being slid out of the first rib 501 a. The catch 511a preferably snaps under the first rib 501a, but may alternatively mate with other recessed locations in the cartridge. The buckle 511a is only a preferred solution, and a metal sheet with elasticity can be adopted, which is characterized in that the sheet material has good toughness and is not easy to break after multiple deformations, and the buckle 511a is provided with a first rib 501a matched with the receiving device, and the bending part of the metal sheet is clamped into the first rib 501a in the installation process, so that when the toner cartridge is dismounted, the bending part is kept matched with the first rib by utilizing the elastic force of the metal sheet to prevent the false opening of the shutter, and optionally, the metal sheet can be replaced by an elastic sheet made of resin, so long as the elastic force of the elastic sheet can ensure that the shutter cannot be opened by mistake.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the same names as those of the above embodiments are used for the constituent elements having the same functions and actions as those of the above embodiments, and the description thereof will be omitted.
The structure of the present embodiment is described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 10 to 12, in the present embodiment, one resistance member 512a is provided on the second shutter 512, a second rib 501b is provided at the receiving projection 501 of the receiving device 50, and when the toner cartridge is mounted into the receiving device 50 and the second shutter 512 is moved from the container closed position to the container open position, the resistance member 512a comes into contact with the second rib 501b with a certain pressure, and the toner cartridge starts to convey the developer into the process cartridge. When the toner cartridge needs to be replaced, the user rotates the toner cartridge in the R2 direction, and the second shutter 512 is moved from the container open position to the container closed position by the friction force between the resistance member 512a and the second rib 501b, ensuring that the residual developer in the container 3 does not leak out. Specifically, the friction force causes the second shutter 512 to not rotate relative to the receiving means 50, and the container 3 is rotated by an external force, so that the second shutter 512 rotates from the container open position to the container closed position. The resistance member 512a is preferably made of elastic rubber with a larger friction coefficient, and other materials can be adopted, and only when the resistance member 512a contacts the second rib 501b with a certain pressure, the friction force between the resistance member 512a and the second rib 501b can ensure that the second shutter 512 can move from the container opening position to the container closing position without interruption in the rotating process of the toner cartridge. The resistance element 512a is preferably in pressure contact with the second rib 501b and may be rotated into pressure contact with the rest of the cartridge in place. The resistance element 512a preferably generates friction by pressure contact between the resistance element 512a and the second rib 501b by elastic deformation of the resistance element 512a itself, and the resistance element 512a may alternatively be provided on an elastic member having a coefficient of friction different from that of the resistance element 512a, the elastic member being provided in the shutter, and the friction force being generated by pressure contact between the resistance element 512a and the second rib 501b by deformation of the elastic member. The resistance element 512a is preferably in pressure contact with the second rib 501b and may be rotated into pressure contact with the rest of the cartridge in place.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the same names as those of the above embodiments are used for the constituent elements having the same functions and actions as those of the above embodiments, and the description thereof will be omitted.
The structure of this embodiment will be described in detail below.
The second shutter 513 is disposed inside the container 3, a second shutter guide 3e is disposed inside the container 3, one end of a connecting rod 514 is connected to the second shutter 513, the other end extends outside the container 3, an end 514a of the connecting rod 514 disposed outside the container 3 is in plug-in fit with the receiving device 50, and the connecting rod 514 is connected to the second shutter 513 through a hole 3f disposed on the container 3. When the toner cartridge is mounted, the container 3 is rotated, the connecting rod 514 is abutted by the receiving device to drive the second shutter 513 to rotate from the container closed position to the container open position, when the toner cartridge is rotated to the mounting completion position, the connecting rod 514 can be inserted into a recess or hole (not shown) in the receiving device, when the toner cartridge is dismounted, the connecting rod 514 is reversely selected, and the connecting rod 514 is limited by the receiving device to drive the second shutter 513 to rotate from the container open position to the container closed position.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
The toner cartridge provided by the invention has a simple structure and low cost, and in the process of closing the shutter in the toner cartridge, a structure that the movable clamping part is clamped with the processing cartridge is not needed, so that the problem that the movable opening and closing part is required to be used for clamping in the process of closing the shutter in the toner cartridge in the prior art is solved, and therefore, the connecting part between the clamping part and the shutter can be distorted or broken in the continuous moving process of the clamping part, and the clamping part is invalid.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A toner cartridge detachably mountable to a receiving apparatus, comprising:
a container having a containing portion for containing a developer and a discharge port for discharging toner in the containing portion to the receiving device;
a shutter for opening and closing the discharge port, and rotatable relative to the container between a container opening position in which the discharge port is opened and a container closing position in which the discharge port is closed;
The device is characterized by further comprising an elastic member arranged between the shutter and the container, wherein the elastic member is provided with a tension spring, the shutter is provided with a first hook, the container is provided with a second hook, a first end of the elastic member is connected with the first hook, a second end of the elastic member is connected with the second hook, and the elastic member forces the shutter to rotate relative to the container from the container opening position to the container closing position; when the toner cartridge is detached, the container has a rotation start position in which the shutter opens the discharge port and a rotation end position in which the shutter closes the discharge port and can be taken out of the receiving device, the shutter is provided with a catch engageable on the receiving device, the catch being engaged with the receiving device in both the rotation start position and the rotation end position; the container further comprises a limiting part which can be abutted against a part of the main body of the buckle so as to prevent the buckle from excessively disengaging from the receiving device and sliding out of the receiving device, the elastic potential energy of the elastic member when the shutter is in the container opening position is larger than that of the elastic member when the shutter is in the container closing position, the shutter is provided with a blocked part, when the toner cartridge is installed to the receiving device, the blocked part can be contacted with the blocking part arranged in the receiving device along with the rotation of the toner cartridge relative to the receiving device, the elastic potential energy of the elastic member is increased along with the continuous rotation of the toner cartridge relative to the receiving device after the blocked part is contacted with the blocking part, and when the shutter is dismounted to the receiving device, the elastic potential energy of the elastic member moves the shutter from the container opening position to the container closing position along with the rotation of the toner cartridge relative to the receiving device.
CN201611141023.XA 2016-12-12 2016-12-12 Toner cartridge with openable toner discharge port Active CN108614398B (en)

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Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110426931B (en) * 2019-08-13 2022-04-19 珠海盛威电子科技有限公司 Developing box and processing box
CN215376098U (en) * 2020-03-31 2021-12-31 江西亿铂电子科技有限公司 Processing box
CN115407629A (en) * 2021-05-26 2022-11-29 北京新晨办公设备有限公司 Connecting rod device and mounting and conveying device for ink powder supply container

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JP2003255684A (en) * 2002-03-04 2003-09-10 Canon Inc Developer storing container and developer replenishing device
JP2005164727A (en) * 2003-11-28 2005-06-23 Canon Inc Image forming apparatus
JP2011191447A (en) * 2010-03-12 2011-09-29 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Image forming apparatus and developer container used for the same
CN104460266A (en) * 2013-08-12 2015-03-25 佳能株式会社 Developer supplying apparatus
TW201608347A (en) * 2014-08-01 2016-03-01 佳能股份有限公司 Toner cartridge, toner supplying mechanism and shutter
CN206369911U (en) * 2016-12-12 2017-08-01 江西亿铂电子科技有限公司 A kind of cartridge with carbon dust outlet to be opened/closed
CN206369912U (en) * 2016-12-12 2017-08-01 江西亿铂电子科技有限公司 A kind of cartridge with carbon dust outlet to be opened/closed
CN206369913U (en) * 2016-12-12 2017-08-01 江西亿铂电子科技有限公司 A kind of cartridge with carbon dust outlet to be opened/closed

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003255684A (en) * 2002-03-04 2003-09-10 Canon Inc Developer storing container and developer replenishing device
JP2005164727A (en) * 2003-11-28 2005-06-23 Canon Inc Image forming apparatus
JP2011191447A (en) * 2010-03-12 2011-09-29 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Image forming apparatus and developer container used for the same
CN104460266A (en) * 2013-08-12 2015-03-25 佳能株式会社 Developer supplying apparatus
TW201608347A (en) * 2014-08-01 2016-03-01 佳能股份有限公司 Toner cartridge, toner supplying mechanism and shutter
CN206369911U (en) * 2016-12-12 2017-08-01 江西亿铂电子科技有限公司 A kind of cartridge with carbon dust outlet to be opened/closed
CN206369912U (en) * 2016-12-12 2017-08-01 江西亿铂电子科技有限公司 A kind of cartridge with carbon dust outlet to be opened/closed
CN206369913U (en) * 2016-12-12 2017-08-01 江西亿铂电子科技有限公司 A kind of cartridge with carbon dust outlet to be opened/closed

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