CN108608871A - A kind of automobile-used composite energy storing device and its working method based on lithium battery, super capacitor and flying wheel battery - Google Patents
A kind of automobile-used composite energy storing device and its working method based on lithium battery, super capacitor and flying wheel battery Download PDFInfo
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/90—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by specific means not covered by groups B60L50/10 - B60L50/50, e.g. by direct conversion of thermal nuclear energy into electricity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于锂电池、超级电容和飞轮电池的车用复合储能装置及其工作方法，所述车用复合储能装置主要由锂电池、第一辅助储能装置、第二辅助储能装置和储能装置电子控制单元组成；锂电池作为主要储能装置，超级电容模组作为第一辅助储能装置的核心部件，由四个单一超级电容与开关组通过导线连接形成，第二辅助储能装置的核心部件是飞轮电池；储能装置电子控制单元可以通过控制开关组的通断实现单体超级电容不同的并/串联排列方式。本发明使得汽车驱动过程中锂电池始终处于最佳输出功率状态，汽车制动过程中锂电池不参与再生制动能量回收，并采取飞轮电池再生制动模式避免了超级电容发生“满充”现象。
The invention discloses a composite energy storage device for a vehicle based on a lithium battery, a supercapacitor and a flywheel battery and a working method thereof. The composite energy storage device for a vehicle is mainly composed of a lithium battery, a first auxiliary energy storage device, a second auxiliary The energy storage device and the electronic control unit of the energy storage device are composed; the lithium battery is used as the main energy storage device, and the supercapacitor module is the core component of the first auxiliary energy storage device, which is formed by connecting four single supercapacitors and switch groups through wires. Second, the core component of the auxiliary energy storage device is the flywheel battery; the electronic control unit of the energy storage device can realize different parallel/series arrangements of individual supercapacitors by controlling the on-off of the switch group. The invention makes the lithium battery always in the best output power state during the driving process of the car, and the lithium battery does not participate in the recovery of regenerative braking energy during the braking process of the car, and adopts the regenerative braking mode of the flywheel battery to avoid the phenomenon of "full charging" of the super capacitor .
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于汽车储能装置领域，尤其是涉及一种由锂电池、超级电容和飞轮电池组成的车用复合储能装置及其工作方法。The invention belongs to the field of automobile energy storage devices, and in particular relates to a vehicle composite energy storage device composed of a lithium battery, a supercapacitor and a flywheel battery and a working method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
作为电动汽车的核心部件之一，储能装置的主要任务是提供驱动功率和实现再生制动能量的回收储存。电动汽车可用的单一储能装置主要有蓄电池、锂电池、超级电容、飞轮电池和燃料电池等。基于目前的储能技术，上述单一储能装置各有优缺点。因此，通过采用复合储能装置来克服单一储能装置的缺点是非常实用的选择。典型的复合储能系统包括：蓄电池-超级电容、锂电池-超级电容、燃料电池-超级电容、蓄电池-飞轮电池等。超级电容具备了高比功率、较短时间内大电流充放电的特点，将超级电容和作为主要储能装置的蓄电池结合，发挥超级电容均衡负载的作用，减小蓄电池的充放电电流可以在一定程度上增加蓄电池的使用寿命。将蓄电池作为的主要储能装置，超级电容作为辅助储能系统的复合储能系统近年来得到了越来越多的关注。As one of the core components of electric vehicles, the main task of the energy storage device is to provide driving power and realize the recovery and storage of regenerative braking energy. The single energy storage devices available for electric vehicles mainly include batteries, lithium batteries, supercapacitors, flywheel batteries, and fuel cells. Based on the current energy storage technology, the above-mentioned single energy storage devices have their own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is a very practical choice to overcome the shortcomings of a single energy storage device by using a composite energy storage device. Typical composite energy storage systems include: battery-supercapacitor, lithium battery-supercapacitor, fuel cell-supercapacitor, battery-flywheel battery, etc. The supercapacitor has the characteristics of high specific power and high current charge and discharge in a short period of time. Combining the supercapacitor with the battery as the main energy storage device can play the role of the supercapacitor in balancing the load, and reducing the charge and discharge current of the battery can be achieved within a certain range. Increase the service life of the battery to a certain extent. In recent years, the composite energy storage system using the battery as the main energy storage device and the supercapacitor as the auxiliary energy storage system has received more and more attention.
中国专利(申请号为201210066119.X)“一种高效复合储能系统”，为了避免使用双向DC/DC变换器而导致过多的能量损失，通过串联的功率二极管和第一单向DC/DC变换器将动力电池和超级电容进行连接，实现了动力电池和超级电容的有效协同工作。但是，车辆再生制动过程中，若出现超级电容和动力电池均已充满电的情况下，该发明采用了功率耗散装置将再生制动能量以热能的形式消耗掉了，造成能量浪费；此外，该发明并没有深入考虑如何协调超级电容和动力电池的工作模式来优化动力电池的输出功率。Chinese patent (Application No. 201210066119.X) "A high-efficiency composite energy storage system", in order to avoid excessive energy loss caused by the use of bidirectional DC/DC converters, through the series connection of power diodes and the first unidirectional DC/DC The converter connects the power battery and the supercapacitor, realizing the effective cooperative work of the power battery and the supercapacitor. However, during the regenerative braking process of the vehicle, if the supercapacitor and the power battery are fully charged, the invention uses a power dissipation device to consume the regenerative braking energy in the form of heat energy, resulting in energy waste; in addition , the invention does not consider how to coordinate the working mode of the supercapacitor and the power battery to optimize the output power of the power battery.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述问题，本发明的目的是基于锂电池、超级电容和飞轮电池，提供一种输出功率稳定、制动能量回收效率高、安全性强、可靠性好的新型车用复合储能装置及其工作方法。In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a new vehicle composite energy storage device with stable output power, high braking energy recovery efficiency, strong safety and good reliability based on lithium batteries, supercapacitors and flywheel batteries. work method.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种基于锂电池、超级电容和飞轮电池的车用复合储能装置，包括锂电池、第一辅助储能装置、第二辅助储能装置和储能装置电子控制单元，所述锂电池、第一辅助储能装置、第二辅助储能装置均与储能装置电子控制单元连接；所述储能装置电子控制单元与第二辅助储能装置、第一辅助储能装置连接是通过与飞轮电池转速信号传感器、飞轮电池、第一电磁离合器、第二电磁离合器和超级电容模组连接实现的；A vehicle composite energy storage device based on a lithium battery, a supercapacitor and a flywheel battery, comprising a lithium battery, a first auxiliary energy storage device, a second auxiliary energy storage device and an electronic control unit of the energy storage device, the lithium battery, the second An auxiliary energy storage device and a second auxiliary energy storage device are both connected to the electronic control unit of the energy storage device; the electronic control unit of the energy storage device is connected to the second auxiliary energy storage device and the first auxiliary energy storage device through a flywheel battery Realized by connecting the speed signal sensor, the flywheel battery, the first electromagnetic clutch, the second electromagnetic clutch and the supercapacitor module;
所述锂电池依次通过第一单向DC/DC变换器、直流母线连接直流交流转换器的一端，直流交流转换器的另一端分别与左轮毂电机和右轮毂电机连接，所述左轮毂电机和右轮毂电机分别安装在左电动轮和右电动轮上，所述左电动轮和右电动轮分别通过半轴与差速器机械连接；The lithium battery is sequentially connected to one end of the DC-AC converter through the first unidirectional DC/DC converter and the DC bus bar, and the other end of the DC-AC converter is respectively connected to the left hub motor and the right hub motor, and the left hub motor and the The right wheel hub motors are respectively installed on the left electric wheel and the right electric wheel, and the left electric wheel and the right electric wheel are respectively mechanically connected to the differential through a half shaft;
所述第一辅助储能装置包括依次相连的第二单向DC/DC变换器、超级电容模组和第一双向DC/DC变换器，所述第二单向DC/DC变换器的一端与锂电池连接，所述第一双向DC/DC变换器的一端与直流母线双向连接；The first auxiliary energy storage device includes a second unidirectional DC/DC converter, a supercapacitor module and a first bidirectional DC/DC converter connected in sequence, one end of the second unidirectional DC/DC converter is connected to The lithium battery is connected, and one end of the first bidirectional DC/DC converter is bidirectionally connected to the DC bus;
所述第二辅助储能装置包括依次相连的飞轮电池、第一电磁离合器、减速器、第二电磁离合器和差速器，飞轮电池上安装有飞轮电池转速信号传感器；The second auxiliary energy storage device includes a flywheel battery connected in sequence, a first electromagnetic clutch, a speed reducer, a second electromagnetic clutch and a differential, and a flywheel battery speed signal sensor is installed on the flywheel battery;
所述储能装置电子控制单元还连接有车速信号传感器、加速度踏板信号传感器和制动踏板信号传感器；The electronic control unit of the energy storage device is also connected with a vehicle speed signal sensor, an acceleration pedal signal sensor and a brake pedal signal sensor;
所述超级电容模组包括开关组及超级电容组，储能装置电子控制单元通过控制开关的通断，实现超级电容的并/串联方式的切换控制。The supercapacitor module includes a switch group and a supercapacitor group, and the electronic control unit of the energy storage device realizes the parallel/series switching control of the supercapacitor by controlling the on-off of the switch.
上述方案中，所述储能装置电子控制单元包括AD转换器、需求功率计算模块和条件判断单元；AD转换器将传感器采集到的实时模拟信号转化为数字信号，需求功率计算模块计算出电动汽车的实际需求功率Pr，条件判断单元确定飞轮电池可以提供的功率Pf，条件判断单元根据锂电池的当前状态来确定锂电池最佳输出功率记为Pb、还根据超级电容组计算超级电容模组的SOC值。In the above scheme, the electronic control unit of the energy storage device includes an AD converter, a demand power calculation module and a condition judgment unit; the AD converter converts the real-time analog signal collected by the sensor into a digital signal, and the demand power calculation module calculates the electric vehicle The actual demand power P r , the condition judging unit determines the power P f that the flywheel battery can provide, and the condition judging unit determines the best output power of the lithium battery according to the current state of the lithium battery, denoted as P b , and calculates the supercapacitor according to the supercapacitor bank The SOC value of the module.
一种基于锂电池、超级电容和飞轮电池的车用复合储能装置的工作方法，所述AD转换器将传感器采集到的实时模拟信号转化为数字信号，需求功率计算模块计算出电动汽车的实际需求功率Pr，条件判断单元确定飞轮电池可以提供的功率Pf，条件判断单元根据锂电池的当前状态来确定锂电池最佳输出功率记为Pb，条件判断单元根据超级电容组计算超级电容模组的SOC值，用SOCc来表示，且条件判断单元预先设定了超级电容模组的SOC阀值上限SOCcmax；条件判断单元在车辆启动/驱动过程中通过比较Pr、Pf和Pb之间的大小关系，确定相应的驱动工作模式；条件判断单元在车辆制动过程中通过比较SOCc和SOCcmax之间的大小关系，确定相应的制动工作模式；条件判断单元可以通过向锂电池、超级电容模组、飞轮电池、第一电磁离合器和第二电磁离合器发出控制指令，参与电动汽车的驱动/制动控制过程。A working method of a vehicle composite energy storage device based on a lithium battery, a supercapacitor and a flywheel battery. The AD converter converts the real-time analog signal collected by the sensor into a digital signal, and the demand power calculation module calculates the actual power of the electric vehicle. The required power P r , the condition judging unit determines the power P f that the flywheel battery can provide, the condition judging unit determines the best output power of the lithium battery according to the current state of the lithium battery, which is recorded as P b , and the condition judging unit calculates the supercapacitor according to the supercapacitor bank The SOC value of the module is represented by SOC c , and the condition judgment unit pre-sets the SOC threshold upper limit SOC cmax of the supercapacitor module; the condition judgment unit compares P r , P f and The size relationship between P b determines the corresponding driving mode of operation; the condition judgment unit determines the corresponding braking mode of operation by comparing the size relationship between SOC c and SOC cmax during the vehicle braking process; the condition judgment unit can pass Send control commands to lithium battery, super capacitor module, flywheel battery, first electromagnetic clutch and second electromagnetic clutch, and participate in the driving/braking control process of electric vehicles.
进一步，所述车辆驱动过程中，依据飞轮电池是否参与驱动过程可以分为两种不同的工作模式，模式一中飞轮电池参与工作，模式二中飞轮电池不参与工作；工作模式一中，若Pf≥Pr时，开启飞轮电池单独驱动模式，此时整车需求功率由飞轮电池单独提供，飞轮电池的输出功率大小等于整车需求功率Pr；若Pf＜Pr，开启飞轮电池和超级电容模组共同驱动模式，此时整车需求功率由飞轮电池和超级电容模组共同提供，飞轮电池的输出功率大小等于Pf，超级电容模组输出功率大小等于Pr-Pf；工作模式二中，若Pr＝Pb时，则整车需求功率由锂电池单独提供，即锂电池处于单独驱动模式；若Pr＜Pb时，锂电池在单独提供整车需求功率的同时又要向超级电容模组进行充电，即锂电池处于双边放电模式；若Pr＞Pb时，超级电容模组输出功率大小等于Pr-Pb，即锂电池和超级电容模组共同驱动模式。Further, in the driving process of the vehicle, according to whether the flywheel battery participates in the driving process, it can be divided into two different working modes. In the first mode, the flywheel battery participates in the work, and in the second mode, the flywheel battery does not participate in the work; in the first working mode, if P When f ≥ P r , the flywheel battery alone driving mode is turned on. At this time, the required power of the whole vehicle is provided by the flywheel battery alone, and the output power of the flywheel battery is equal to the required power P r of the whole vehicle; if P f < P r , the flywheel battery and In the joint drive mode of supercapacitor modules, the required power of the vehicle is jointly provided by the flywheel battery and the supercapacitor module, the output power of the flywheel battery is equal to P f , and the output power of the supercapacitor module is equal to P r -P f ; In Mode 2, if P r =P b , the required power of the vehicle is provided by the lithium battery alone, that is, the lithium battery is in the independent driving mode; if P r < P b , the lithium battery provides the required power of the vehicle alone It is also necessary to charge the supercapacitor module, that is, the lithium battery is in bilateral discharge mode; if P r > P b , the output power of the supercapacitor module is equal to P r -P b , that is, the lithium battery and the supercapacitor module are jointly driven model.
进一步，所述锂电池处于双边放电模式，具体为：储能装置电子控制单元控制锂电池通过第一单向DC/DC变换器连接在直流母线上放电；同时，储能装置电子控制单元控制锂电池通过第二单向DC/DC变换器放电，控制开关通断，使得超级电容模组中并联连接的超级电容处于充电模式下。Further, the lithium battery is in a bilateral discharge mode, specifically: the electronic control unit of the energy storage device controls the lithium battery to discharge on the DC bus through the first unidirectional DC/DC converter; at the same time, the electronic control unit of the energy storage device controls the lithium battery to discharge The battery is discharged through the second unidirectional DC/DC converter, and the switch is controlled to be turned on and off, so that the supercapacitors connected in parallel in the supercapacitor module are in the charging mode.
进一步，所述锂电池处于单独驱动模式，具体为：储能装置电子控制单元控制锂电池通过第一单向DC/DC变换器连接在直流母线上放电；直流交流转换器将锂电池通过直流母线传递过来的直流电转化为交流电，再传递到左轮毂电机和右轮毂电机中，带动左电动轮和右电动轮转动。Further, the lithium battery is in an independent drive mode, specifically: the electronic control unit of the energy storage device controls the lithium battery to discharge on the DC bus through the first unidirectional DC/DC converter; the DC-AC converter connects the lithium battery to the DC bus The transmitted direct current is converted into alternating current, and then transmitted to the left hub motor and the right hub motor to drive the left electric wheel and the right electric wheel to rotate.
进一步，所述锂电池和超级电容模组共同驱动模式，具体为：储能装置电子控制单元控制锂电池通过第一单向DC/DC变换器连接在直流母线上放电；同时，储能装置电子控制单元控制开关通断；使得超级电容模组中超级电容串联通过第一双向DC/DC变换器连接在直流母线上放电来提供差值功率；直流交流转换器将锂电池和第一辅助储能装置通过直流母线传递过来的直流电转化为交流电，再传递到左轮毂电机和右轮毂电机中，带动左电动轮和右电动轮转动。Further, the common driving mode of the lithium battery and the supercapacitor module is specifically: the electronic control unit of the energy storage device controls the lithium battery to discharge on the DC bus through the first unidirectional DC/DC converter; at the same time, the electronic control unit of the energy storage device The control unit controls the on-off of the switch; the supercapacitor in the supercapacitor module is connected in series to discharge on the DC bus through the first bidirectional DC/DC converter to provide differential power; the DC-AC converter connects the lithium battery and the first auxiliary energy storage The DC power transmitted by the device through the DC bus is converted into AC power, and then transmitted to the left hub motor and the right hub motor to drive the left electric wheel and the right electric wheel to rotate.
进一步，所述车辆制动过程中，根据SOCc与SOCcmax的大小关系，将超级电容模组分为两种模式，当SOCc＜SOCcmax时，启动超级电容模组再生制动模式，当SOCc≥SOCcmax时，启动飞轮电池为再生制动模式；超级电容模组再生制动模式启动时，储能装置电子控制单元控制开关通断，使得超级电容模并联，通过第一双向DC/DC变换器连接在直流母线上充电；此时，第一辅助储能装置回收并且储存再生制动能量；飞轮电池再生制动模式启动时，储能装置电子控制单元控制第一电磁离合器和第二电磁离合器接通，电动汽车的制动能量依次通过左电动轮和右电动轮、半轴、差速器、第二电磁离合器、减速器、第一电磁离合器，最终流向飞轮电池，并转化为飞轮电池中转子的动能储存起来；再生制动过程完毕，控制第一电磁离合器和第二电磁离合器断开，飞轮电池内的飞轮自由旋转。Further, during the braking process of the vehicle, according to the relationship between SOC c and SOC cmax , the super capacitor module is divided into two modes. When SOC c < SOC cmax , the regenerative braking mode of the super capacitor module is started. When When SOC c ≥ SOC cmax , start the flywheel battery in regenerative braking mode; when the supercapacitor module regenerative braking mode starts, the electronic control unit of the energy storage device controls the switch on and off, so that the supercapacitor modules are connected in parallel, through the first two-way DC/ The DC converter is connected to the DC bus for charging; at this time, the first auxiliary energy storage device recovers and stores regenerative braking energy; when the flywheel battery regenerative braking mode starts, the electronic control unit of the energy storage device controls the first electromagnetic clutch and the second When the electromagnetic clutch is turned on, the braking energy of the electric vehicle passes through the left electric wheel and right electric wheel, the half shaft, the differential, the second electromagnetic clutch, the reducer, the first electromagnetic clutch, and finally flows to the flywheel battery and is converted into a flywheel The kinetic energy of the rotor in the battery is stored; the regenerative braking process is completed, the first electromagnetic clutch and the second electromagnetic clutch are controlled to be disconnected, and the flywheel in the flywheel battery rotates freely.
本发明采用上述技术方案后，具有的有益效果是：After the present invention adopts above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effect that has is:
1、保证了作为主要储能装置的锂电池始终处于最佳输出功率状态，使得锂电池效率最高，延迟其使用寿命；1. It ensures that the lithium battery as the main energy storage device is always in the best output power state, making the lithium battery the highest efficiency and delaying its service life;
2、通过储能装置电子控制单元控制开关群的通断，对超级电容模组中单一超级电容之间进行不同的串联、并联组合；在超级电容模组充电过程中，采用并联连接有效减少了超级电容单体之间的内在特性差异，提高充电效率；在超级电容模组放电过程中，串联连接可以提高超级电容模组的输出电压，将超级电容模组所能提高的峰值功率成倍增加，弥补超级电容模组的输出功率随之放电深度的增加而随之下降的缺点；2. Through the electronic control unit of the energy storage device to control the on-off of the switch group, different series and parallel combinations are made between the single supercapacitors in the supercapacitor module; during the charging process of the supercapacitor module, the parallel connection effectively reduces the The difference in intrinsic characteristics between supercapacitor monomers improves charging efficiency; during the discharge process of the supercapacitor module, series connection can increase the output voltage of the supercapacitor module and double the peak power that the supercapacitor module can improve , to make up for the shortcoming that the output power of the supercapacitor module decreases with the increase of the discharge depth;
3、锂电池不参与再生制动能量回收过程，若发生SOCc≥SOCcmax的情况，开启第二辅助储能系统用以回收制动能量并转换为飞轮转子动能储存起来；可以避免锂电池和超级电容模组发生“满充”的现象。3. Lithium batteries do not participate in the regenerative braking energy recovery process. If SOC c ≥ SOC cmax occurs, the second auxiliary energy storage system is turned on to recover braking energy and convert it into flywheel rotor kinetic energy for storage; it can avoid lithium batteries and The supercapacitor module is "full charged".
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是电动汽车新型复合储能装置结构原理图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a new composite energy storage device for electric vehicles;
图2是超级电容模组结构原理图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the supercapacitor module structure;
图3是储能装置电子控制单元结构原理图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the electronic control unit of the energy storage device.
图中：1.直流交流转换器；2.直流母线；3.储能装置电子控制单元；4.车速信号传感器；5.加速踏板信号传感器；6.制动踏板信号传感器；7.第一单向DC/DC变换器；8.锂电池；9.第一辅助储能装置；10.第二单向DC/DC变换器；11.超级电容模组；12.第一双向DC/DC变换器；13.第二辅助储能装置；14.飞轮电池转速信号传感器；15.飞轮电池；16.第一电磁离合器；17.减速器；18.第二电磁离合器；19.右轮毂电机；20.右电动轮；21.差速器；22.半轴；23.左轮毂电机；24.左电动轮；25.开关S1；26.开关S2；27.开关S3；28.开关S4；29.开关S5；30.开关S6；31.开关S7；32.开关S8；33.开关S9；34.开关S10；35.开关S11；36.开关S12；37.开关S13；38.开关S14；39.开关S15；40.开关S16；41.开关S17；42.开关S18；43.开关S19；44.一号位超级电容；45.二号位超级电容；46.三号位超级电容；47.四号位超级电容；48.AD转换器；49.条件判断单元；50.需求功率计算单元。In the figure: 1. DC-AC converter; 2. DC bus; 3. Electronic control unit of energy storage device; 4. Vehicle speed signal sensor; 5. Acceleration pedal signal sensor; 6. Brake pedal signal sensor; 7. The first unit Directional DC/DC converter; 8. Lithium battery; 9. First auxiliary energy storage device; 10. Second unidirectional DC/DC converter; 11. Supercapacitor module; 12. First bidirectional DC/DC converter ; 13. Second auxiliary energy storage device; 14. Flywheel battery speed signal sensor; 15. Flywheel battery; 16. First electromagnetic clutch; 17. Reducer; 18. Second electromagnetic clutch; 19. Right hub motor; 20. Right electric wheel; 21. Differential; 22. Half shaft; 23. Left hub motor; 24. Left electric wheel; 25. Switch S 1 ; 26. Switch S 2 ; 27. Switch S 3 ; 28. Switch S 4 ;29. Switch S 5 ; 30. Switch S 6 ; 31. Switch S 7 ; 32. Switch S 8 ; 33. Switch S 9 ; 34. Switch S 10 ; 35. Switch S 11 ; 36. Switch S 12 ; .Switch S 13 ; 38. Switch S 14 ; 39. Switch S 15 ; 40. Switch S 16 ; 41. Switch S 17 ; 42. Switch S 18 ; 43. Switch S 19 ; .No. 2 supercapacitor; 46. No. 3 supercapacitor; 47. No. 4 supercapacitor; 48. AD converter; 49. Condition judgment unit; 50. Demand power calculation unit.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图以及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，一种基于锂电池、超级电容和飞轮电池的汽车复合储能装置由锂电池8、第一辅助储能装置9、第二辅助储能装置13和储能装置电子控制单元3组成；As shown in Figure 1, an automotive composite energy storage device based on a lithium battery, a supercapacitor and a flywheel battery consists of a lithium battery 8, a first auxiliary energy storage device 9, a second auxiliary energy storage device 13 and an energy storage device electronic control unit 3 composition;
其中锂电池8作为主要储能装置通过第一单向DC/DC变换器7与直流母线2连接；直流母线2连接直流交流转换器1，直流交流转换器1的另一端分别与左轮毂电机23和右轮毂电机19连接，左轮毂电机23和右轮毂电机19分别安装在左电动轮24和右电动轮20上；第一辅助储能装置9包括第一双向DC/DC变换器12、超级电容模组11和第二单向DC/DC变换器10，超级电容模组11分别连接第一双向DC/DC变换器12和第二单向DC/DC变换器10的一端，第一双向DC/DC变换器12的另一端与直流母线2双向连接，第二单向DC/DC变换器10的另外一端与锂电池8连接；第二辅助储能装置13由飞轮电池15、第一电磁离合器16、减速器17、第二电磁离合器18和差速器21组成，飞轮电池15连接第一电磁离合器16的一端，第一电磁离合器16的另一端连接减速器17的一端，减速器17的另外一端连接第二电磁离合器18的一端，第二电磁离合器18的另一端与差速器21连接，差速器21通过半轴22分别与左电动轮24和右电动轮20机械连接，飞轮电池15上安装有飞轮电池转速信号传感器14；储能装置电子控制单元3分别连接车速信号传感器4、加速度踏板信号传感器5、制动踏板信号传感器6、飞轮电池转速信号传感器14、锂电池8、超级电容模组11、飞轮电池15、第一电磁离合器16和第二电磁离合器18；The lithium battery 8 is used as the main energy storage device and is connected to the DC bus 2 through the first unidirectional DC/DC converter 7; the DC bus 2 is connected to the DC-AC converter 1, and the other end of the DC-AC converter 1 is respectively connected to the left hub motor 23 Connect with the right hub motor 19, the left hub motor 23 and the right hub motor 19 are respectively installed on the left electric wheel 24 and the right electric wheel 20; the first auxiliary energy storage device 9 includes the first bidirectional DC/DC converter 12, a supercapacitor module 11 and the second unidirectional DC/DC converter 10, the supercapacitor module 11 is respectively connected to one end of the first bidirectional DC/DC converter 12 and the second unidirectional DC/DC converter 10, the first bidirectional DC/DC converter The other end of the DC converter 12 is bidirectionally connected to the DC bus 2, and the other end of the second unidirectional DC/DC converter 10 is connected to the lithium battery 8; the second auxiliary energy storage device 13 is composed of a flywheel battery 15, a first electromagnetic clutch 16 , a reducer 17, a second electromagnetic clutch 18 and a differential 21, the flywheel battery 15 is connected to one end of the first electromagnetic clutch 16, the other end of the first electromagnetic clutch 16 is connected to one end of the reducer 17, and the other end of the reducer 17 One end of the second electromagnetic clutch 18 is connected, the other end of the second electromagnetic clutch 18 is connected with the differential 21, the differential 21 is mechanically connected with the left electric wheel 24 and the right electric wheel 20 through the half shaft 22, and the flywheel battery 15 The flywheel battery speed signal sensor 14 is installed; the energy storage device electronic control unit 3 is respectively connected to the vehicle speed signal sensor 4, the accelerator pedal signal sensor 5, the brake pedal signal sensor 6, the flywheel battery speed signal sensor 14, the lithium battery 8, and the super capacitor module. Group 11, flywheel battery 15, first electromagnetic clutch 16 and second electromagnetic clutch 18;
如图2所示，所述超级电容模组11由开关S125、开关S226、开关S327、开关S428、开关S529、开关S630、开关S731、开关S832、开关S933、开关S1034、开关S1135、开关S1236、开关S1337、开关S1438、开关S1539、开关S1640、开关S1741、开关S1842、开关S1943以及一号位超级电容44、二号位超级电容45、三号位超级电容46、四号位超级电容47组成；其中一号位超级电容44、二号位超级电容45、三号位超级电容46、四号位超级电容47通过导线串联连接；开关S1741控制一号位超级电容44和二号位超级电容45的通断，开关S1842控制二号位超级电容45和三号位超级电容46的通断，开关S1943控制三号位超级电容46和四号位超级电容47的通断；开关S125、开关S226分别控制一号位超级电容44正极、负极和第一双向DC/DC变换器12之间通断；开关S327、开关S428分别控制二号位超级电容45正极、负极和第一双向DC/DC变换器12之间通断；开关S529、开关S630分别控制三号位超级电容46正极、负极和第一双向DC/DC变换器12之间通断；开关S731、开关S832分别控制四号位超级电容47正极、负极和第一双向DC/DC变换器12之间通断；开关S933、开关S1034分别控制一号位超级电容44正极、负极和第二单向DC/DC变换器10之间通断；开关S1135、开关S1236分别控制二号位超级电容45正极、负极和第二单向DC/DC变换器10之间通断；开关S1337、开关S1438分别控制三号位超级电容46正极、负极和第二单向DC/DC变换器10之间通断；开关S1539、开关S1640分别控制四号位超级电容47正极、负极和第二单向DC/DC变换器10之间通断；储能装置电子控制单元3可以通过对开关组的通断控制，实现四个单独超级电容的并/串联方式的切换控制。As shown in Figure 2, the supercapacitor module 11 is composed of switch S125, switch S226 , switch S327 , switch S428 , switch S529 , switch S630 , switch S731 , switch S 8 32, switch S 9 33, switch S 10 34, switch S 11 35, switch S 12 36, switch S 13 37, switch S 14 38, switch S 15 39, switch S 16 40, switch S 17 41, switch S 18 42, switch S 19 43, and the supercapacitor 44 of the first position, the super capacitor 45 of the second position, the super capacitor 46 of the third position, and the super capacitor 47 of the fourth position; among them, the super capacitor 44 of the first position and the super capacitor of the second position Capacitor 45, No. 3 supercapacitor 46, and No. 4 supercapacitor 47 are connected in series through wires; switch S 17 41 controls the on-off of No. 1 supercapacitor 44 and No. 2 supercapacitor 45, and switch S 18 42 controls No. 2 The on-off of the first supercapacitor 45 and the third supercapacitor 46, the switch S1943 controls the on - off of the third supercapacitor 46 and the fourth supercapacitor 47; the switch S125 and the switch S226 respectively control the first On-off between the positive pole and the negative pole of the supercapacitor 44 and the first bidirectional DC/DC converter 12; the switch S327 and the switch S428 respectively control the positive pole and the negative pole of the second supercapacitor 45 and the first bidirectional DC/DC conversion between the switch 12; switch S5 29 , switch S6 30 respectively control the positive pole and negative pole of the third-position super capacitor 46 and the first bidirectional DC/DC converter 12; switch S7 31 , switch S8 32 respectively controls the on-off between the positive pole and the negative pole of the supercapacitor 47 of the fourth position and the first bidirectional DC/DC converter 12 ; the switch S933 and the switch S1034 respectively control the positive pole of the supercapacitor 44 of the first position, the negative pole and the second On-off between the unidirectional DC/DC converters 10; switches S 11 35 and switches S 12 36 respectively control the on-off between the positive pole and negative pole of the second supercapacitor 45 and the second unidirectional DC/DC converter 10; S 13 37 and switch S 14 38 respectively control the on-off between the positive and negative poles of the supercapacitor 46 at the third position and the second unidirectional DC/DC converter 10; the switches S 15 39 and S 16 40 control the super capacitor at the fourth position respectively The positive and negative poles of the capacitor 47 are switched on and off between the second unidirectional DC/DC converter 10; the electronic control unit 3 of the energy storage device can realize the parallel/series connection of four individual supercapacitors through the on-off control of the switch group Toggle control.
如图3所示，所述储能装置电子控制单元3包括AD转换器48、需求功率计算模块50和条件判断单元49；AD转换器48将车速信号传感器4、加速度踏板信号传感器5、制动踏板信号传感器6和飞轮电池转速信号传感器14所采集到的实时模拟信号转化为数字信号；需求功率计算单元50根据车速信号、加速度踏板信号和制动踏板信号计算出电动汽车的实际需求功率Pr(启动/驱动状态Pr＞0，制动状态Pr＜0)；条件判断单元49根据飞轮电池转速信号确定飞轮电池15可以提供的功率Pf，根据锂电池8的当前状态来确定锂电池8最佳输出功率记为Pb；条件判断单元49还根据四个单一的超级电容信号来计算超级电容模组11的SOC值，用SOCc来表示，条件判断单元49还预先设定了超级电容模组11的SOC阀值上限SOCcmax；As shown in Figure 3, the electronic control unit 3 of the energy storage device includes an AD converter 48, a required power calculation module 50 and a condition judgment unit 49; the AD converter 48 converts the vehicle speed signal sensor 4, the accelerator pedal signal sensor 5, the The real-time analog signal collected by the pedal signal sensor 6 and the flywheel battery speed signal sensor 14 is converted into a digital signal; the required power calculation unit 50 calculates the actual required power P r of the electric vehicle according to the vehicle speed signal, the accelerator pedal signal and the brake pedal signal (starting/driving state P r >0, braking state P r <0); the condition judging unit 49 determines the power P f that the flywheel battery 15 can provide according to the flywheel battery speed signal, and determines the power P f of the lithium battery 8 according to the current state of the lithium battery 8 8. The best output power is denoted as P b ; the condition judgment unit 49 also calculates the SOC value of the supercapacitor module 11 according to four single supercapacitor signals, represented by SOC c , and the condition judgment unit 49 also presets the supercapacitor The SOC threshold upper limit SOC cmax of the capacitor module 11;
此外，条件判断单元49可以通过判断逻辑生成实时的功率分配控制策略，并向锂电池8、超级电容模组11、飞轮电池15、第一电磁离合器16和第二电磁离合器18发出控制指令，参与电动汽车的驱动/制动控制过程；In addition, the condition judging unit 49 can generate a real-time power distribution control strategy through judging logic, and send control commands to the lithium battery 8, the supercapacitor module 11, the flywheel battery 15, the first electromagnetic clutch 16 and the second electromagnetic clutch 18, and participate in The driving/braking control process of electric vehicles;
在车辆静止、启动/驱动过程和制动过程中，本发明提出的基于锂电池、超级电容和飞轮电池的汽车复合储能装置的工作方法如下：When the vehicle is stationary, starting/driving process and braking process, the working method of the automobile composite energy storage device based on lithium battery, supercapacitor and flywheel battery proposed by the present invention is as follows:
1)车辆启动/驱动过程中1) During vehicle start/drive
考虑到第二辅助出储能装置13中飞轮电池15携带的动能不利于长时间储存，飞轮电池15的动能应该优先用于提供整车需求功率；依据飞轮电池15是否参与启动/驱动过程可以分为两种不同的工作模式，模式一中飞轮电池15参与工作，模式二中飞轮电池15不参与工作；Considering that the kinetic energy carried by the flywheel battery 15 in the second auxiliary energy storage device 13 is not conducive to long-term storage, the kinetic energy of the flywheel battery 15 should be used in priority to provide the required power of the vehicle; it can be divided according to whether the flywheel battery 15 participates in the starting/driving process There are two different working modes, the flywheel battery 15 participates in the work in the first mode, and the flywheel battery 15 does not participate in the work in the second mode;
模式一中，若Pf≥Pr时，开启飞轮电池15单独驱动模式，此时整车需求功率由第二辅助储能装置13中的飞轮电池15单独提供，飞轮电池15的输出功率大小等于整车需求功率Pr；若Pf＜Pr，开启飞轮电池15和超级电容模组11共同驱动模式，此时整车需求功率由飞轮电池和超级电容模组11共同提供，飞轮电池15的输出功率大小等于Pf，超级电容模组11输出功率大小等于Pr-Pf；In Mode 1, if P f ≥ P r , the flywheel battery 15 alone driving mode is turned on. At this time, the required power of the whole vehicle is provided solely by the flywheel battery 15 in the second auxiliary energy storage device 13, and the output power of the flywheel battery 15 is equal to The vehicle demand power P r ; if P f <P r , the flywheel battery 15 and supercapacitor module 11 co-drive mode is turned on, and the vehicle demand power is jointly provided by the flywheel battery and supercapacitor module 11, and the flywheel battery 15 The output power is equal to P f , and the output power of the supercapacitor module 11 is equal to P r -P f ;
采用模式一进行车辆启动/驱动过程中，储能装置电子控制单元3控制第一电磁离合器16和第二电磁离合器18接通，第二辅助储能装置13中储存的动能依次通过减速器17和差速器21，以机械连接方式带动左电动轮24和右电动轮20转动，飞轮电池15用于提供电动汽车驱动功率；此外，开启飞轮电池15和超级电容模组11共同驱动模式时，储能装置电子控制单元3控制开关S125、开关S832、开关S1741、开关S1842、开关S1943闭合，开关S226、开关S327、开关S428、开关S529、开关S630、开关S731、开关S933、开关S1034、开关S1135、开关S1236、开关S1337、开关S1438、开关S1539、开关S1640断开，使得超级电容模组11中四个串联连接的超级电容通过第一双向DC/DC变换器12连接在直流母线2上放电；直流交流转换器1将第一辅助储能装置9通过直流母线2传递过来的直流电转化为交流电，再传递到左轮毂电机23和右轮毂电机19中，从而带动左电动轮24和右电动轮20转动，此时超级电容模组11为电动汽车提供驱动功率Pr-Pf；During the start/drive process of the vehicle using Mode 1, the electronic control unit 3 of the energy storage device controls the first electromagnetic clutch 16 and the second electromagnetic clutch 18 to be connected, and the kinetic energy stored in the second auxiliary energy storage device 13 passes through the speed reducer 17 and The differential 21 drives the left electric wheel 24 and the right electric wheel 20 to rotate in a mechanical connection, and the flywheel battery 15 is used to provide driving power for the electric vehicle; in addition, when the flywheel battery 15 and the supercapacitor module 11 are jointly driven, the storage The electronic control unit 3 of the energy device controls the switch S125, the switch S832 , the switch S1741 , the switch S1842 , the switch S1943 to close, the switch S226 , the switch S327 , the switch S428 , the switch S 5 29, switch S 6 30, switch S 7 31, switch S 9 33, switch S 10 34, switch S 11 35, switch S 12 36, switch S 13 37, switch S 14 38, switch S 15 39, switch S 16 and 40 are disconnected, so that the four supercapacitors connected in series in the supercapacitor module 11 are discharged on the DC bus 2 through the first bidirectional DC/DC converter 12; the DC-AC converter 1 connects the first auxiliary energy storage device 9 The direct current transmitted through the direct current bus 2 is converted into alternating current, and then transmitted to the left hub motor 23 and the right hub motor 19, thereby driving the left electric wheel 24 and the right electric wheel 20 to rotate. At this time, the supercapacitor module 11 provides electric vehicles with Driving power P r -P f ;
模式二中为了保证锂电池8始终处于最佳输出功率状态，若Pr＝Pb时，则整车需求功率由锂电池8单独提供，即锂电池8单独驱动模式；若Pr＜Pb时，锂电池8的输出功率为Pb，锂电池8在单独提供整车需求功率的同时又要向第一辅助储能装置9中的超级电容模组11进行充电，即锂电池8双边放电模式；若Pr＞Pb时，此时锂电池输出功率大小为Pb，超级电容模组11输出功率大小等于Pr-Pb，即锂电池8和超级电容模组11共同驱动模式；In mode 2, in order to ensure that the lithium battery 8 is always in the best output power state, if P r =P b , the required power of the vehicle is provided by the lithium battery 8 alone, that is, the lithium battery 8 is driven alone; if P r <P b When , the output power of the lithium battery 8 is P b , and the lithium battery 8 needs to charge the supercapacitor module 11 in the first auxiliary energy storage device 9 while independently providing the required power of the whole vehicle, that is, the lithium battery 8 discharges both sides mode; if P r >P b , the output power of the lithium battery is P b at this time, and the output power of the supercapacitor module 11 is equal to Pr - Pb , that is, the common driving mode of the lithium battery 8 and the supercapacitor module 11;
锂电池8单独驱动模式中，储能装置电子控制单元3控制锂电池8通过第一单向DC/DC变换器7连接在直流母线2上放电；直流交流转换器1将锂电池8通过直流母线2传递过来的直流电转化为交流电，再传递到左轮毂电机23和右轮毂电机19中，从而带动左电动轮24和右电动轮20转动，为电动汽车提供驱动所需的功率；In the lithium battery 8 independent drive mode, the electronic control unit 3 of the energy storage device controls the lithium battery 8 to discharge on the DC bus 2 through the first unidirectional DC/DC converter 7; the DC-AC converter 1 passes the lithium battery 8 through the DC bus 2. The transmitted direct current is converted into alternating current, and then transmitted to the left hub motor 23 and the right hub motor 19, thereby driving the left electric wheel 24 and the right electric wheel 20 to rotate, providing the power required for driving the electric vehicle;
锂电池8双边放电模式中，储能装置电子控制单元3控制锂电池8通过第一单向DC/DC变换器7连接在直流母线2上放电；同时，储能装置电子控制单元3控制锂电池8通过第二单向DC/DC变换器10放电，控制开关S933、开关S1034、开关S1135、开关S1236、开关S1337、开关S1438、开关S1539、开关S1640闭合，开关S125、开关S226、开关S327、开关S428、开关S529、开关S630、开关S731、开关S832、开关S1741、开关S1842、开关S1943断开，使得超级电容模组11中四个并联连接的超级电容处于充电模式下；In the bilateral discharge mode of the lithium battery 8, the electronic control unit 3 of the energy storage device controls the lithium battery 8 to discharge on the DC bus 2 through the first unidirectional DC/DC converter 7; at the same time, the electronic control unit 3 of the energy storage device controls the lithium battery 8 to discharge. 8 discharge through the second unidirectional DC/DC converter 10, control switches S 9 33, switches S 10 34, switches S 11 35, switches S 12 36, switches S 13 37, switches S 14 38, switches S 15 39, Switch S 16 40 is closed, switch S 1 25, switch S 2 26, switch S 3 27, switch S 4 28, switch S 5 29, switch S 6 30, switch S 7 31, switch S 8 32, switch S 17 41 , the switch S 18 42 and the switch S 19 43 are disconnected, so that the four supercapacitors connected in parallel in the supercapacitor module 11 are in the charging mode;
锂电池8和超级电容模组11共同驱动模式中，储能装置电子控制单元3控制锂电池8通过第一单向DC/DC变换器7连接在直流母线2上放电；同时，储能装置电子控制单元3控制开关S125、开关S832、开关S1741、开关S1842、开关S1943闭合，开关S226、开关S327、开关S428、开关S529、开关S630、开关S731、开关S933、开关S1034、开关S1135、开关S1236、开关S1337、开关S1438、开关S1539、开关S1640断开；使得超级电容模组11中四个超级电容串联通过第一双向DC/DC变换器12连接在直流母线2上放电来提供差值功率；直流交流转换器1将锂电池8和第一辅助储能装置9通过直流母线2传递过来的直流电转化为交流电，再传递到左轮毂电机23和右轮毂电机19中，从而带动左电动轮24和右电动轮20转动，为电动汽车提供驱动所需的功率；In the common driving mode of the lithium battery 8 and the supercapacitor module 11, the electronic control unit 3 of the energy storage device controls the lithium battery 8 to discharge on the DC bus 2 through the first unidirectional DC/DC converter 7; at the same time, the electronic control unit 3 of the energy storage device Control unit 3 controls switch S125, switch S832 , switch S1741 , switch S1842 , switch S1943 to close, switch S226 , switch S327 , switch S428 , switch S529 , Switch S 6 30, switch S 7 31, switch S 9 33, switch S 10 34, switch S 11 35, switch S 12 36, switch S 13 37, switch S 14 38, switch S 15 39, switch S 16 40 off Open; the four supercapacitors in the supercapacitor module 11 are connected in series to discharge on the DC bus 2 through the first bidirectional DC/DC converter 12 to provide differential power; the DC-AC converter 1 connects the lithium battery 8 and the first auxiliary The DC power transmitted by the energy storage device 9 through the DC bus 2 is converted into AC power, and then transmitted to the left hub motor 23 and the right hub motor 19, thereby driving the left electric wheel 24 and the right electric wheel 20 to rotate, providing the electric vehicle with the required power;
2)车辆制动过程中2) During vehicle braking
优先使用超级电容模组11对再生制动能量进行回收，当超级电容模组11充满电的情况下，启用第二辅助储能装置13对再生制动能量进行回收，可以避免了超级电容模组11发生“满充”现象；根据SOCc和SOCcmax的大小分为超级电容模组11再生制动模式(SOCc＜SOCcmax)和飞轮电池15再生制动模式(SOCc≥SOCcmax)两种；Prioritize the use of the super capacitor module 11 to recover the regenerative braking energy. When the super capacitor module 11 is fully charged, the second auxiliary energy storage device 13 is used to recover the regenerative braking energy, which can avoid the super capacitor module 11 "full charge"occurs; according to the size of SOC c and SOC cmax , it is divided into two types: supercapacitor module 11 regenerative braking mode (SOC c < SOC cmax ) and flywheel battery 15 regenerative braking mode (SOC c ≥ SOC cmax ) kind;
超级电容模组11再生制动模式启动时，储能装置电子控制单元3控制开关S125、开关S226、开关S327、开关S428、开关S529、开关S630、开关S731、开关S832闭合，开关S933、开关S1034、开关S1135、开关S1236、开关S1337、开关S1438、开关S1539、开关S1640、开关S1741、开关S1842、开关S1943断开，使得四个超级电容模组并联通过第一双向DC/DC变换器12连接在直流母线2上充电；此时，第一辅助储能装置9回收并且储存再生制动能量；When the regenerative braking mode of the supercapacitor module 11 starts, the electronic control unit 3 of the energy storage device controls the switch S1 25 , the switch S2 26 , the switch S3 27 , the switch S4 28, the switch S5 29 , the switch S6 30 , Switch S 7 31, switch S 8 32 closed, switch S 9 33, switch S 10 34, switch S 11 35, switch S 12 36, switch S 13 37, switch S 14 38, switch S 15 39, switch S 16 40 , switch S 17 41, switch S 18 42, switch S 19 43 are disconnected, so that four supercapacitor modules are connected in parallel and charged on the DC bus 2 through the first bidirectional DC/DC converter 12; at this time, the first auxiliary The energy storage device 9 recovers and stores regenerative braking energy;
飞轮电池15再生制动模式启动时，储能装置电子控制单元3控制第一电磁离合器16和第二电磁离合器18接通，电动汽车的制动能量依次通过左电动轮24和右车轮20、半轴22、差速器21、第二电磁离合器18、减速器17、第一电磁离合器16，最终流向飞轮电池15，并转化为飞轮电池中转子的动能储存起来；再生制动过程完毕，控制第一电磁离合器16和第二电磁离合器18断开，飞轮电池15内的飞轮自由旋转。When the regenerative braking mode of the flywheel battery 15 starts, the electronic control unit 3 of the energy storage device controls the first electromagnetic clutch 16 and the second electromagnetic clutch 18 to be connected, and the braking energy of the electric vehicle passes through the left electric wheel 24 and the right wheel 20, half Shaft 22, differential gear 21, second electromagnetic clutch 18, speed reducer 17, first electromagnetic clutch 16, finally flow to flywheel battery 15, and be converted into the kinetic energy of the rotor in the flywheel battery for storage; after the regenerative braking process is completed, control the first The first electromagnetic clutch 16 and the second electromagnetic clutch 18 are disconnected, and the flywheel in the flywheel battery 15 rotates freely.
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术人员应该明白,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
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