CN108607372B - Preparation method of ion-doped cellulose gas separation membrane and cellulose gas separation membrane - Google Patents
Preparation method of ion-doped cellulose gas separation membrane and cellulose gas separation membrane Download PDFInfo
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- CN108607372B CN108607372B CN201810442955.0A CN201810442955A CN108607372B CN 108607372 B CN108607372 B CN 108607372B CN 201810442955 A CN201810442955 A CN 201810442955A CN 108607372 B CN108607372 B CN 108607372B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/08—Polysaccharides
- B01D71/10—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0016—Coagulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an ion-doped cellulose gas separation membrane and the cellulose gas separation membrane, which comprises the following steps: preparation of ZnCl2And an inorganic metal salt mixed aqueous solution; preparing a cellulose solution: dissolving a cellulose raw material in a prepared metal salt solution, and heating; film scraping and solidification: after vacuum defoaming, a solution layer is formed on the substrate by film scraping, and the substrate is soaked in a coagulating bath. The regenerated cellulose membrane prepared by the invention is used for CO2/O2、CO2/N2Separation of, to CO2/N2The separation factor of (A) is more than 30, and CO2/O2The separation factor of (a) reaches more than 100. The invention realizes the loading of ions while dissolving the cellulose by using the salt solution containing the metal ions, and coordination bonds exist between the ions and the cellulose, so that the ion content is high, and the distribution is uniform and stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cellulose membrane preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an ion-doped cellulose gas separation membrane and the cellulose gas separation membrane.
Background
With CO2Large amount of dominant greenhouse gasesEmissions contribute to the aggravation of greenhouse effect and global warming, and have become one of the most important environmental problems in the world. Thus, CO2Has become a focus of attention. The existing membrane separation method has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, simple process, high reliability and the like, and is widely applied, and the membrane technology is used for CO2/CH4And CO2/N2Separation has been known for over 30 years. Although metal ions may act to promote CO2The carrier of transport, however, achieving high loadings of metal ions in the membrane in a simple and controlled manner remains a significant challenge.
Among various separation membrane materials, high molecular materials dominate, and various materials are used for CO2The research and report on the material of the high molecular gas separation membrane for selective separation, but the high molecular membrane mostly has the defects of complex production process, high cost and the like, and the limit relationship of the trade-off between the permeability and the selectivity exists. Therefore, the preparation of low-cost, green and environment-friendly polymer membrane materials with both high permeability and high selectivity is the development direction of gas separation membrane materials.
Cellulose is a natural polymer with the most abundant natural reserves, has the advantages of reproducibility, easy modification, good biocompatibility and the like, and cellulose and derivatives thereof are the most important and widely applied membrane separation materials. Cellulose membrane materials are generally prepared by derivatization reactions of cellulose, and the like. The derivatization reaction is to perform reactions such as oxidation, crosslinking, etherification, esterification and graft copolymerization with hydroxyl groups on a cellulose molecular structure to dissolve and modify cellulose to prepare a membrane, materials such as ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, cellulose acetate and the like are sequentially researched and developed, however, the derivatization reaction often causes cellulose degradation, so that the polymerization degree and the crystallinity are reduced, the mechanical property and the capacities of acid, alkali and organic solvents are reduced, the membrane performance is finally directly influenced, and the application range is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Therefore, as one aspect of the present invention, the present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art and provides a method for preparing a cellulose gas separation membrane.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for preparing a cellulose gas separation membrane, comprising,
preparing a metal salt solution: preparation of ZnCl2And an inorganic metal salt mixed aqueous solution;
preparing a cellulose solution: dissolving a cellulose raw material in a prepared metal salt solution, and heating;
film scraping and solidification: after vacuum defoaming, a solution layer is formed on the substrate by film scraping, and the substrate is soaked in a coagulating bath.
As a preferable embodiment of the method for producing a cellulose gas separation membrane of the present invention: the preparation of the metal salt solution comprises the step of preparing ZnCl with the mass concentration of 55-75%2And an inorganic metal salt aqueous solution having a mass concentration of 1 to 10%.
As a preferable embodiment of the method for producing a cellulose gas separation membrane of the present invention: the polymerization degree of the cellulose raw materials is within the range of 200-2000, and the cellulose raw materials comprise one or more of cotton linters, microcrystalline cellulose, cotton pulp cypress, wood pulp cypress, bamboo pulp cypress, absorbent cotton, bagasse and cellulose prepared from plant straws.
As a preferable embodiment of the method for producing a cellulose gas separation membrane of the present invention: in the inorganic metal salt, the cation includes Zr4+、Co2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Ca2+、Cu2+The anion comprises NO3 -、SO4 2-、OCl2 4-、Cl-。
As a preferable embodiment of the method for producing a cellulose gas separation membrane of the present invention: the mass percentage concentration of the cellulose raw material is 1.5% -8%, the heating temperature is 55-80 ℃, and the time is 10-120 minutes.
As a preferable embodiment of the method for producing a cellulose gas separation membrane of the present invention: the thickness of the solution layer is 0.1-0.5 mm; and solidifying for 1-60 minutes.
As a preferable embodiment of the method for producing a cellulose gas separation membrane of the present invention: the coagulating bath comprises one or more of acetone, ethanol, methanol, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, isopropanol and butanone.
As a preferable embodiment of the method for producing a cellulose gas separation membrane of the present invention: further comprising, shaping: and (5) scraping the film, solidifying, shaping by a clamp, drying in the air, and storing in a closed container.
As another aspect of the present invention, the present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art and provides a cellulose gas separation membrane.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the cellulose gas separation membrane produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the cellulose gas separation membrane comprises, by mass, 30-65% of C and 5-40% of metal ions.
As a preferable embodiment of the cellulose gas separation membrane of the present invention: the thickness of the cellulose gas separation film is 1-100 mu m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the regenerated cellulose membrane prepared by the invention is used for CO2/O2、CO2/N2Separation of, to CO2/N2The separation factor of (A) is more than 30, and CO2/O2The separation factor of (a) reaches more than 100. The invention realizes the loading of ions while dissolving the cellulose by using the salt solution containing the metal ions, and coordination bonds exist between the ions and the cellulose, so that the ion content is high, and the distribution is uniform and stable.
The regenerated cellulose membrane provided by the invention has the advantages of excellent mechanical property, excellent heat resistance, repeated recycling and environmental friendliness. The method is simple and easyThe raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, and the method creates conditions for the natural high polymers with abundant reserves and simple chemical reagents and industrial application. At the same time, the regenerated cellulose membrane CO obtained2High osmotic flux, CO2/O2、CO2/N2The separation factor of the material is high, and the material has the advantages of high transparency, strong mechanical property, good reusability and biodegradability and can be used as a separation membrane material. The regenerated cellulose membrane prepared by the method not only can be used as a gas membrane, but also can be used in the fields of packaging and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a visible spectrum and a physical photograph of the regenerated cellulose film prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the regenerated cellulose film prepared in example 2. (a) The membrane surface and (b) the membrane cross section.
FIG. 3 is a thermogravimetric plot comparison of the regenerated cellulose membrane prepared in example 3 and a cellulose feedstock. The solid line is the cellulose raw material and the dotted line is the regenerated cellulose membrane.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Example 1:
9.87g of ZnCl was weighed2And 0.48g of CaCl2Putting the mixture into a beaker, adding deionized water to 15.00g to prepare a mixed salt solution, adding 0.25g of cotton linters (the polymerization degree is within the range of 200-2000), heating to 80 ℃, stirring for 2 hours to obtain a uniform cellulose solution, carrying out vacuum defoaming, scraping a film on a substrate to form a 0.1mm solution layer, carrying out vacuum defoaming, soaking for 10 minutes in an isopropanol coagulation bath, shaping by a clamp, airing in air, and storing in a closed container to obtain the transparent regenerated cellulose gas separation membrane. The visible spectrum and the real photo are shown in figure 1, and as can be seen from figure 1, the transmittance in the visible region is high, which shows that the optical transparency is high, and the flexibility is good as the photo can be folded. The metal ion content and gas permeability of the regenerated cellulose film are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1:
the raw material ratio and the film formation operation were the same as in example 1, except that the regenerated cellulose film obtained was immersed in deionized water for 30 minutes after film formation, and the metal ion content and gas permeability were as shown in table 1.
Example 2:
15.00g of ZnCl was weighed2And 1.00g CoCl2Putting the mixture into a beaker, adding deionized water to 20.00g to prepare a mixed salt solution, adding 0.61g of absorbent cotton (the polymerization degree is in the range of 200-2000), heating the mixture to 70 ℃, stirring the mixture for 1 hour to obtain a uniform cellulose solution, scraping a film on a substrate to form a 0.2mm solution layer after vacuum defoaming, soaking the solution layer for 20 minutes in a methanol coagulation bath after vacuum defoaming, shaping the solution layer by a clamp, airing the solution in the air, and storing the solution layer in a closed container to obtain a transparent regenerated cellulose film, wherein the surface and section photos are shown in figure 2, and as can be seen from figure 2, the surface and section of the product are flat, smooth and free of defects. Regenerated cellulose membrane metal ion content andthe gas permeability properties are listed in table 1.
Comparative example 2:
the raw material ratio and the film formation operation were the same as in example 1, except that the regenerated cellulose film obtained by removing the ethanol/water (50:50) mixed solvent and immersing for 10 minutes after film formation was shown in table 1 in terms of metal ion content and gas permeability.
Example 3:
6.88g of ZnCl was weighed2And 0.70g ZrOCl2Putting the mixture into a beaker, adding deionized water to 12.0g to prepare a mixed salt solution, adding 0.95g of microcrystalline cellulose (the polymerization degree is within the range of 200-2000), heating to 55 ℃, stirring for 20 minutes to obtain a uniform cellulose solution, scraping a film on a substrate to form a 0.3mm solution layer after defoaming, soaking the solution layer for 30 minutes in an acetone coagulating bath after vacuum defoaming, shaping by a clamp, airing in the air, and storing the solution layer in a closed container to obtain a transparent regenerated cellulose film, wherein the metal ion content and the gas permeability of the transparent regenerated cellulose film are listed in Table 1. FIG. 3 is a thermogravimetric plot comparison of the regenerated cellulose membrane prepared and the cellulose raw material. The solid line is the cellulose raw material and the dashed line is the regenerated cellulose membrane, as can be seen from fig. 3, the two-step decomposition: the weight loss was about 15% of the initial weight starting from around 50 ℃ to 200 ℃, corresponding to the mass loss of free water in the regenerated cellulose film and crystal water coordinated to ions in the film, and 45% of the initial weight starting from around 200 ℃ to 350 ℃, corresponding to the mass loss of cellulose. The dashed regenerated cellulose membrane showed higher residual mass, indicating the presence of metal salts in the system.
Example 4:
6.88g of ZnCl was weighed2And 0.63g of CuSO4Putting the mixture into a beaker, adding deionized water to 12.0g to prepare a mixed salt solution, adding 0.95g of microcrystalline cellulose (the polymerization degree is within the range of 200-2000), heating to 55 ℃, stirring for 20 minutes to obtain a uniform cellulose solution, scraping a film on a substrate to form a 0.3mm solution layer after defoaming, soaking the solution layer for 30 minutes in an acetone coagulating bath after vacuum defoaming, shaping the solution layer by a clamp, airing the solution layer in the air, and storing the solution layer in a closed container to obtain a transparent regenerated cellulose film, wherein the metal ion content and the gas permeability of the transparent regenerated cellulose film are realizedAre shown in Table 1.
Example 5:
6.88g of ZnCl was weighed2And 0.32g of KCl are put into a beaker, deionized water is added to 12.0g to prepare a mixed salt solution, 0.95g of microcrystalline cellulose (the polymerization degree is 200-2000), the heating temperature is 55 ℃, the uniform cellulose solution is obtained after stirring for 30 minutes, a solution layer with the thickness of 0.3mm is formed on the substrate after defoaming, and the substrate is soaked in an acetone coagulating bath for 30 minutes after vacuum defoaming, so that normal film forming cannot be realized.
Example 6:
weighing 7.12g ZnCl2Putting the mixture into a beaker, adding deionized water to 12.0g to prepare a salt solution, adding 0.95g of microcrystalline cellulose (the polymerization degree is within the range of 200-2000), heating to 55 ℃, stirring for 30 minutes to obtain a uniform cellulose solution, scraping a film on a substrate to form a 0.3mm solution layer after defoaming, soaking for 30 minutes in an acetone coagulating bath after vacuum defoaming, and avoiding normal film formation.
Example 7:
0.63g of ZnCl was weighed2And 6.88g CuSO4Putting the mixture into a beaker, adding deionized water to 12.0g to prepare a mixed salt solution, adding 0.95g of microcrystalline cellulose (the polymerization degree is within the range of 200-2000), heating to 55 ℃, and stirring for 120 minutes to obtain a uniform cellulose solution.
Example 8:
6.88g of ZnCl was weighed2And 0.96g of FeSO4Putting the mixture into a beaker, adding deionized water to 12.0g to prepare a mixed salt solution, adding 0.95g of microcrystalline cellulose (the polymerization degree is within the range of 200-2000), heating to 55 ℃, stirring for 20 minutes to obtain a uniform cellulose solution, scraping a film on a substrate to form a 0.3mm solution layer after defoaming, soaking for 30 minutes through an acetone coagulating bath after vacuum defoaming, shaping by a clamp, airing in air, and storing in a closed container.
Example 9:
6.88g of ZnCl was weighed2And 1.08g Fe (NO)3)3Placing into a beaker, adding deionized water to 12.0g to obtain mixed salt solution, adding 0.95g microcrystalline cellulose (degree of polymerization is 20)0-2000), the heating temperature is 55 ℃, the uniform cellulose solution is obtained after stirring for 20 minutes, a solution layer with the thickness of 0.3mm is formed on the substrate after defoaming by scraping, the substrate is soaked in an acetone coagulating bath for 30 minutes after vacuum defoaming, and the substrate is shaped by a clamp, dried in the air and stored in a closed container.
TABLE 1 Metal ion content and gas permeability of regenerated cellulose membranes
The above table shows that there is a significant difference in gas transmission rate for different metal salt systems.
In conclusion, the regenerated cellulose membrane prepared by the invention is used for CO2/O2、CO2/N2Separation of, to CO2/N2The separation factor of (A) is more than 30, and CO2/O2The separation factor of (a) reaches more than 100. The invention realizes the loading of ions while dissolving the cellulose by using the salt solution containing the metal ions, and coordination bonds exist between the ions and the cellulose, so that the ion content is high, and the distribution is uniform and stable.
The regenerated cellulose membrane provided by the invention has the advantages of excellent mechanical property, excellent heat resistance, repeated recycling and environmental friendliness. The method is simple and easy to implement, the used raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, and conditions are created for abundant natural polymers and simple chemical reagents and industrial application. At the same time, the regenerated cellulose membrane CO obtained2High osmotic flux, CO2/O2、CO2/N2The separation factor of the material is high, and the material has the advantages of high transparency, strong mechanical property, good reusability and biodegradability and can be used as a separation membrane material. The regenerated cellulose membrane prepared by the method not only can be used as a gas membrane, but also can be used in the fields of packaging and the like.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing a cellulose gas separation membrane is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
preparing a metal salt solution: preparation of ZnCl2And an inorganic metal salt mixed aqueous solution;
preparing a cellulose solution: dissolving a cellulose raw material in a prepared metal salt solution, and heating;
film scraping and solidification: after vacuum defoaming, scraping a film on a substrate to form a solution layer, and soaking in a coagulating bath;
the preparation of the metal salt solution comprises the step of preparing ZnCl with the mass concentration of 55-75%2An inorganic metal salt aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1-10%;
the polymerization degree of the cellulose raw material is 200-2000, and the cellulose raw material comprises one or more of cotton linters, microcrystalline cellulose, cotton pulp cypress, wood pulp cypress, bamboo pulp cypress, absorbent cotton, bagasse and cellulose prepared from plant straws;
wherein, calculated by mass portion, every 9.87 portions of ZnCl are included2And 0.48 part of CaCl2Adding deionized water to 15 parts to prepare a metal salt solution, adding 0.25 part of cotton linter, heating to 80 ℃, stirring for 2 hours to obtain a cellulose solution, scraping a film on a substrate to form a 0.1mm solution layer after vacuum defoaming, and soaking for 10 minutes in an isopropanol coagulating bath after vacuum defoaming; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
every 15 parts of ZnCl2And 1 part of CoCl2Adding deionized water to 20 parts to prepare a metal salt solution, adding 0.61 part of absorbent cotton, heating to 70 ℃, stirring for 1 hour to obtain a cellulose solution, scraping a film on a substrate to form a 0.2mm solution layer after vacuum defoaming, and soaking for 20 minutes in a methanol coagulating bath after vacuum defoaming; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
every 6.88 parts of ZnCl2And 0.70 part of ZrOCl2Adding deionized water to 12 parts to prepare a metal salt solution, adding 0.95 part of microcrystalline cellulose, heating to 55 ℃, stirring for 20 minutes to obtain a cellulose solution, scraping a film on a substrate after defoaming to form a 0.3mm solution layer, and soaking for 30 minutes through an acetone coagulating bath after vacuum defoaming; or
Every 6.88 parts of ZnCl2And 0.63 part of CuSO4Adding deionized water to 12 parts to prepare a metal salt solution, adding 0.95 part of microcrystalline cellulose, heating to 55 ℃, stirring for 20 minutes to obtain a cellulose solution, scraping a film on a substrate after defoaming to form a 0.3mm solution layer, and soaking for 30 minutes through an acetone coagulating bath after vacuum defoaming;
the cellulose gas separation membrane is used for separating CO2/O2And/or CO2/N2。
2. The method for producing a cellulose gas separation membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: also comprises the following steps of (1) preparing,
shaping: and (5) scraping the film, solidifying, shaping by a clamp, drying in the air, and storing in a closed container.
3. The cellulose gas separation membrane produced by the production method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cellulose gas separation membrane comprises, by mass, 30-65% of C and 235-285% of metal ions.
4. The cellulose gas separation membrane of claim 3, wherein: the thickness of the cellulose gas separation film is 1-100 mu m.
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| CN104768905A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2015-07-08 | 昭和电工株式会社 | Gas separation material using metal complex and gas separation method |
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| US4636314A (en) * | 1984-03-16 | 1987-01-13 | Uop Inc. | Polymer blended membranes |
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