CN108601549A - Impedance monitoring for quantitative EEG - Google Patents
Impedance monitoring for quantitative EEG Download PDFInfo
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- CN108601549A CN108601549A CN201780009315.4A CN201780009315A CN108601549A CN 108601549 A CN108601549 A CN 108601549A CN 201780009315 A CN201780009315 A CN 201780009315A CN 108601549 A CN108601549 A CN 108601549A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
- A61B5/7207—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal of noise induced by motion artifacts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/369—Electroencephalography [EEG]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
Abstract
There is disclosed herein a kind of systems (20) and method (700) for measuring the impedance for quantitative EEG (QEEG).The present invention measures the impedance value of each electrode in multiple electrodes (35a 35c) and disconnects electrode (35) to detect, so that removal has the channel for disconnecting electrode (35) before QEEG is calculated.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to quantitative EEG.
Background technology
Electroencephalogram (" EEG ") is the electrical activity of a kind of measurement and record human brain to assess the diagnostic tool of brain function.It is more
A electrode is attached to the head of people and is connected to machine by conducting wire.Machine amplified signal and the electrical activity for recording human brain.
Electrical activity across the neururgic summation of multiple neurons by generating.These neurons generate small voltage field.These electricity
The electric reading that electrode on the head for the aggregation founder having a meeting, an audience, etc. well under one's control can be detected and be recorded.EEG is the folded of multiple more simple signals
Add.In normal adult, the amplitude of EEG signal is usually in the range of 1 microvolt to 100 microvolt, and when utilizing Subdural space electricity
When pole measures, EEG signal is about 10 to 20 millivolts.Dynamically monitoring is provided about the latent of people for amplitude and time to electric signal
In the information of nervous activity and medical condition.
Execute EEG with：Diagnose epilepsy；The problem of verification loses consciousness or dementia；Verify the brain activity of stupor person；It grinds
Study carefully sleep disturbance, monitors brain activity and other physical problems during operation.
During EEG, multiple electrodes (are usually 17 to 21, but there is the normal place at least 70 electrodes)
It is attached to the head of people.Electrode is quoted by electrode relative to the leaf of human brain or the position in region.Reference is as follows：F=volumes
Leaf；Fp=antinions；T=temporal lobes；The centers C=；P=tops；O=occipital lobes；And A=auricles (ear electrode).Number is used for into one
Contracted position is walked, and " z " puts the electrode site in the center line on the head for being related to people.Electrocardiogram (" EKG ") can also appear in
On EEG displays.
EEG records the brain wave from different amplifiers using the various electrode combinations for being referred to as lead.Usually create
Lead is to provide the clear picture across the spatial distribution of the EEG of cortex.Lead is the electricity obtained from the space array of recording electrode
Sub- map, and preferably refer to combine in the special electrodes of particular point in time inspection.
It is continuous to link by the way that the electrode input 2 in a channel is connected to the input 1 of further channel in bipolar lead
Electrode pair so that adjacency channel tool is there are one common electrode.Bipolar electrode chain can from front to back (longitudinal direction) or from a left side to
Right (transverse direction) connection.In bipolar lead, compare two signals enlivened between electrode site, causes recorded activity poor
It is different.Another type of lead is to refer to lead or unipolar lead.In with reference to lead, various electrodes are connected to each amplifier
Input 1, and reference electrode is connected to the input 2 of each amplifier.In with reference to lead, signal is enlivening quilt at electrode site
It collects and compared with common reference electrode.
The real amplitude and form of waveform are aided in determining whether with reference to lead.For temples electrode, CZ is typically good head
Skin refers to.
The origin (" positioning ") that electrical activity can be positioned is vital for that can analyze EEG.In bipolar lead
Usually by mark " phasing back ", (two channels directed in opposite directions is inclined in chain for the positioning of normal or abnormal brain wave
Turn) it realizes.In with reference to lead, all channels can show to deflect in the same direction.If when at reference electrode
Activity is positive compared to the electrical activity enlivened at electrode, then deflection will be downward.Electrical activity and the activity phase at reference electrode
Same electrode will not show any deflection.In general, indicating negative with reference to the maximum in lead with the maximum electrode upward deflected
Activity.
The breaking-out (seizure) of some patterns assignor is inclined to.Doctor these waves can be known as " epileptic abnormal " or
" epilepsy wave ".These include that spike, sharp wave and spine and wave discharge.Spike in the specific region (such as left temporal lobe) of brain and
The breaking-out of sharp wave indicating section may be from the region.On the other hand, primary systemic epilepsy is implied by spine and wave electric discharge,
This electric discharge is widely distributed on two hemisphere of brain, especially the case where they start in two hemisphere simultaneously
Under.
There is the brain wave of several types：α waves, β waves, δ waves, θ waves and γ waves.The frequency of α waves is 8 to 12 hertz (" Hz ").α
Wave usually when people loosens or people eyes closed but people be in the waking state of mental alertness when be found.When the eye of people
When eyeball is opened or people focuses on, α waves stop.The frequency of β waves is 13Hz to 3Hz.β waves usually people's vigilance, thinking, swash
It moves or is found when taking some drugs of high dose.The frequency of δ waves is less than 3Hz.δ waves are usually only in people sleeping (non-REM or nothing
Dream is slept) or people be found when being child.The frequency of θ waves is 4Hz to 7Hz.θ waves, which are usually only fallen asleep in people, (has a dream or REM is slept
Sleep) or people be found when being child.The frequency of γ waves is 30Hz to 100Hz.γ waves are usually in higher psychological activity and movement
It is found during function.
Following definitions be used herein.
" amplitude " refers to the vertical distance that (negative or positive) measures from trough to maximum peak.It expresses big about neuronal populations
The information of activation synchronism small and its during component generates.
Term " analog-to-digital conversion " refers to converting analog signals into and then being stored in computer for into one
When walking the digital signal of processing.Analog signal is " real world " signal (such as physiological signal, such as electroencephalogram, electrocardio
Figure or electroculogram).In order to make them be stored and be manipulated by computer, it is necessary to convert the signals into what computer was appreciated that
Discrete digital form.
" artifact " is electric signal that is being detected along scalp by EEG but being derived from non-brain source.There are the relevant puppets of patient
Shadow (for example, movement, perspiration, ECG, eye motion) and technology artifact (50/60Hz artifacts, cable are mobile, electrode paste is related).
Term " difference amplifier " refers to the key of electro physiology equipment.The difference that it is exaggerated between two inputs is (each pair of
One amplifier of electrode).
" duration " is to return to the time interval of baseline to it since voltage change.It is also to be related in being generated to component
And neuron synchronous activation measurement.
" electrode " refers to the conductor for establishing electrical contact with the non-metallic part of circuit.EEG electrodes are usually by covering
There is metal dish small made of stainless steel, tin, gold or the silver of argentine chloride coating.They are placed on specific position on scalp.
" electrode gel " serves as the extending extension of electrode so that the movement of contact conductor is less likely to produce artifact.
Gel makes skin contact maximize, and allows to carry out lower resistance record by skin.
Term " electrode positioning " (10/20 system) refers to the standardization placement for the classical EEG scalp electrodes recorded.It should
The essence of system is the percentage distance of 10/20 range between Nasion-Inion and fixed point.These points are marked as
Antinion (Fp), center (C), top (P), occipital lobe (O) and temporal lobe (T).Central electrode is marked with subscript z, represents zero.Odd number is used
Make the subscript for the point on left hemisphere, and even number is used as the subscript for the point on right hemisphere.
" electroencephalogram " or " EEG " refer to by record the brain electrical activity from scalp made by electroencephalograph come
Track brain wave.
" electroencephalograph " refers to for detecting and recording the device of brain wave (also referred to as electroencephalograph).
" epileptic " refers to being similar to epilepsy.
" filtering " refers to the process of that undesired frequency is removed from signal.
" filter " is the equipment for the frequency content for changing signal.
" lead " means the placement of electrode.EEG can be monitored with bipolar lead or with reference to lead.It is bipolar to mean each lead to
There are two electrodes in road, therefore there is reference electrode in each channel.Mean that there is common reference electrode in all channels with reference to lead.
" form " refers to the shape of waveform.The shape of wave or EEG patterns by combine frequency to constitute waveform and they
Phase and voltage relationship determine.Wave pattern can be described as：" singlet ", different EEG activities seem by a master
Lead movable composition；" polymorphic ", different EEG activities are made of multiple frequencies, these combination of frequencies are to form complicated wave form；" just
String ", is similar to the wave of sine wave, and singlet activity is typically sinusoidal；" transience ", it is visibly different isolated with background activity
Wave or pattern.
" spike " refers to the transition of the slightly pointed peak of tool and duration from 20 milliseconds to 70 millisecond.
Term " sharp wave " refers to the transition of the slightly pointed peak of tool and duration from 70 milliseconds to 200 millisecond.
Term " neural network algorithm " refers to the algorithm that mark has drastically transition of the high probability for epileptic exception.
" noise " refers to any undesired signal for changing desired signal.It can have multiple sources.
" periodicity " refers to the distribution of pattern or element in time (for example, specific EEG activities are with more or less rule
The appearance at interval).Activity can be general hair property, focal or inclined side property.
EEG segmentations are according to time and frequency and the amplitude of EEG signal that changes.
Quantitative EEG (QEEG) has been used in EEG analyses for some time.Most common purposes be using FFT into
The row time compresses images outputting.Such images outputting can be explained by human reader, to show in such as frequency range
Long period EEG general introduction.Although single page EEG may show that ten seconds data, the QEEG pages may show a few minutes
Even a few houres.
QEEG can be also used for generating the time average result with single number in given point in time.This can be as average
Amplitude is equally simple.Or it can be limited to the calculating of the wave within the scope of single frequency.
QEEG can be limited to the subset of the number in recorded channel.In this way, the hemisphere for reflecting brain is calculated
Or the activity of smaller portions.
In addition, two subsets in channel or the relative value of two different frequency scopes can be calculated as by calculating.This is thought
Method is that the variation of these relative values may be of great significance in diagnosis.
There are many academic interests in terms of explaining EEG using QEEG.This concept is that it may be than examining basic wave
Shape is less subjective and faster.In addition, over time, pattern may be difficult to occur, if impossible.
Another example is the diagnosis of apoplexy.It is believed that when apoplexy starts, the variation of brain activity is almost reflected in immediately
In EEG.Such case will significantly occur in many cases before there are clinical symptoms.Therefore, in continuously having monitored
The patient of wind risk is very interested to provide early diagnosis and therapy.
However, the obstacle continuously monitored is apparent.First, continuously monitoring raw EEG signal is very labour-intensive.
Secondly, reflect that the type of the small opposite variation of apoplexy is very difficult to observe, especially when ten second datas only once is presented.
QEEG can make to a solution to this problem, and carry out numerous studies to attempt to determine which kind of calculating may be shown
Reflect the change type of apoplexy.However, the work in this field due to the presence of a large amount of artifacts in EEG and largely by
Obstruction is arrived.
In the scalp, the EEG signal of the artifacts such as bad electrical contact from muscle, eye motion and electrode may press
The signal of brain.Experts' evaluation person's study ignores these artifacts and is absorbed in no artifact sections, but QEEG is not this
Luxury, and all signals are all included in calculating.As a result, compared with reflecting brain activity, QEEG is usually as many
Or more ground reflect artifact.Certainly, this is problematic when generating graphic result, but in this case, experts' evaluation person
It may be again able to distinguish the pattern derived from brain activity.However, in the case of the centrifugal pump calculated for diagnostic purpose, this
It is a very big problem.For this reason, researcher often tries to that relatively artifact-free segment is selected to calculate,
But this is not suitable for clinical practice certainly.
One of the difficulty of quantitative analysis is carried out to scalp EEG is, what user did not pointed out their physical records usually is which
Channel.Seem this seemingly it will be apparent that still in fact, no reliable way is come by checking basic EEG signal
Judge that channel is the electrode for being fully disconnected (open) and being also attached on scalp.Ironically, if it is connected to scalp electrode
And electrode records bad, this can usually be determined, but the record being fully disconnected is difficult to distinguish.The accurate survey of EEG signal
Amount is largely dependent upon the low impedance conduction path from patient scalp to monitoring device.As electrode connectivity reduces,
Series impedance increases, to increase pumping signal amplitude.
In practice, clinician is generally known has had recorded and has simply been removed from vision presentation for which channel
Unrecorded channel.(this is the display lead that is matched by using the content with physical record to complete.) one kind is very
Common situation is, using the lead of so-called reduction, i.e., the half of common one group of 10 to 20 electrode.This is directed in the U.S.
Neonatal patient carries out, and is usually carried out for ICU patient in Europe.(due to charging reasons, the U.S. to ICU patient into
Capable frequency is relatively low.) another situation is that, due to the damage of skin, special electrodes cannot be placed on patient.
In general, EEG manufacturers measure the impedance on all channels being recorded, no matter whether they are connected to electricity
Pole.This is considered as the basic measurement for recording quality.When electrode is improperly placed or there are when other problems, impedance value is more
Height, and user can check the problem of impedance is to correct these types.Ironically, it is from being not used as not having about channel at all
There is the instruction of record.This is because user it is generally known they recording which channel, and using only including those channels
Lead (visual display).However, for quantitative EEG systems, have no idea to distinguish, therefore such as QEEG breaking-out detectors will be tasted
Using channel is disconnected, other various QEEG visualization tools are also such for examination.
Invention content
The present invention provides the solutions of the disconnection electrode problems in QEEG.Solution is setting impedance threshold, high
In the impedance threshold be considered as disconnect channel.In this way, not used channel is determined, and logical without using those
Road executes calculating.
In addition, permission user establishes the class of calculating and detector that they are desirable for based on the recording channel of specific group
Type.For example, in the U.S., the lead of reduction may indicate that this is newborn's record, and they may want to fixed using newborn
To breaking-out detector and other quantitative analyses.
Independent but important value using impedance value is to improve artifact to reduce ability.Can be arranged higher than user threshold value (or
May be the threshold value of calculating), channel is considered as temporary " bad ", and therefore which enhance the inspections of current electrode artifact
It surveys.In general, these impedance values will be high, but will not be so high as disconnecting channel.The clinic of apoplexy is predicted using QEEG
One of main problem of symptom is, when being blended into brain signal, artifact generates insecure quantitative values.The present invention realizes
The artifact of certain level is reduced so that present QEEG is practical on the basis of continuous monitoring.
System also checks impedance value to check whether that there are any variations on the basis of continuously and automatically.
One aspect of the present invention is a kind of for determining the method for disconnecting electrode for quantitative EEG analyses.This method packet
It includes from machine and generates EEG records, which includes the multiple electrodes for being attached to patients head, amplifier and processor, wherein EEG
Record includes multiple channels.This method further includes impedance threshold of the setting for multiple electrodes, and impedance value, which is higher than, is directed to multiple electricity
The given value of disconnection electrode in extremely.This method further includes measuring the impedance value of each electrode in multiple electrodes.This method is also
Including removing being more than the corresponding each channel of the electrode of impedance threshold with impedance value and filtered through impedance to create in multiple channels
The EEG of wave is recorded.This method further includes handling the EEG records through impedance filter.This method further includes being recorded from processed EEG
Generate quantitative EEG parameters.
Another aspect of the present invention is a kind of system determining disconnection electrode for quantitative EEG analyses.The system includes：It is more
A electrode, for generating multiple EEG signals；Processor is connected to multiple electrodes to generate EEG records from multiple EEG signals；With
And display, processor is connected to for display EEG records.Processor is configured as impedance threshold of the setting for multiple electrodes
Value, impedance value are higher than the given value for the disconnection electrode in multiple electrodes.Processor is configured as measuring in multiple electrodes
The impedance value of each electrode.Processor is configured as removing opposite more than the electrode of impedance threshold with impedance value in multiple channels
The each channel answered is recorded with creating the EEG through impedance filter.Processor is configured as handling the records of the EEG through impedance filter.
Processor is configured as generating quantitative EEG parameters from processed EEG records.
Another aspect of the present invention is a kind of for determining the method for disconnecting electrode for quantitative EEG analyses.This method packet
It includes from machine and generates EEG records, which includes the multiple electrodes for being attached to patients head, amplifier and processor, wherein EEG
Record includes multiple channels.This method further includes impedance threshold of the setting for multiple electrodes, and impedance value, which is higher than, is directed to multiple electricity
The given value of disconnection electrode in extremely.This method further includes the specific waveforms in the channel in the multiple channels of detection, the certain wave
Impedance value of the shape instruction more than impedance threshold.This method further includes having each of specific waveforms logical in the multiple channels of removal
Road is recorded with creating the EEG through impedance filter.This method further includes handling the EEG records through impedance filter.This method further includes
Quantitative EEG parameters are generated from processed EEG records.
Another aspect of the present invention is a kind of system determining disconnection electrode for quantitative EEG analyses.The system includes：It is more
A electrode, for generating multiple EEG signals；Processor is connected to multiple electrodes to generate EEG records from multiple EEG signals；With
And display, processor is connected to for display EEG records.Processor is configured as impedance threshold of the setting for multiple electrodes
Value, impedance value are higher than the given value for the disconnection electrode in multiple electrodes.Processor is configured as detecting in multiple channels
Specific waveforms in channel, impedance value of the specific waveforms instruction more than impedance threshold.Processor is configured as removing multiple logical
Each channel with specific waveforms in road is recorded with creating the EEG through impedance filter.Processor is configured to processing through impedance
The EEG of filtering is recorded.Processor is configured as generating quantitative EEG parameters from processed EEG records.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the image of quantitative EEG.
Fig. 2 is the diagram of the system for calculating the quantitative EEG with the patient for disconnecting electrode.
Fig. 2A is the diagram of the isolated view with the patient for disconnecting electrode.
Fig. 3 is the figure placed for the electrode of EEG.
Fig. 4 is the detailed figure placed for the electrode of EEG.
Fig. 5 is the diagram that CZ refers to lead.
Fig. 6 is the diagram of the EEG records comprising breaking-out, muscle artifact and eye motion artifact.
Fig. 7 is the diagram of the EEG records for the Fig. 6 for removing muscle artifact.
Fig. 8 is the diagram of the EEG records for the Fig. 7 for removing eye motion artifact.
Fig. 9 is the flow chart of the method for calculating quantitative EEG.
Figure 10 is the flow chart approach for calculating quantitative EEG.
Figure 11 is the diagram of the system for calculating qEEG.
Figure 12 is the block diagram of the system for calculating qEEG.
Figure 13 is for the flow chart that quantitative EEG analyses determine the method for disconnecting electrode.
Specific implementation mode
The image 100 of quantitative EEG (" qEEG ") is shown in FIG. 1.This method and system allow qEEG to be disconnected in electrode
When from the EEG of artifact reduction record be generated.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 2A illustrates the system 20 for calculating quantitative EEG.Patient 15 dresses by multiple electrodes 35a to 35c groups
At electrode cap 30, electrode cap 30 is attached to patients head, and wherein conducting wire 38 is connected to EEG machine components 40, EEG from electrode 35
Machine component 40 includes for the amplifier 42 to 41 amplified signal of computer with processor, and processor comes from for analyzing
The EEG that the signal of electrode 35 and generation can be checked on display 50 records 51 and qEEG.As shown in Figure 2 A, electrode 850
Be disconnect, be not attached and on impedance threshold.Therefore, if the signal from the electrode 850 is included in qEEG
In, then qEEG values will be inaccurate.EEG is optimized for the filtering of automatic artifact.Then EEG records use neural network
Algorithm is handled, to generate the processed EEG records for generating qEEG.
Patient is attached to the multiple electrodes of patients head, and wherein conducting wire is connected to from electrode for processor amplified signal
Amplifier, processor for analyze the signal for carrying out self-electrode and create EEG record.Difference of the brain on patients head
Place generates different signals.It is positioned on patients head as multiple electrodes are as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.During the sites CZ are located at
The heart.For example, being indicated in channel FP1-F3 of the Fpl on Fig. 4 on Fig. 6.The number of electrode determines the number in the channel for EEG
Mesh.Greater number of channel can generate the movable more detailed expression of brain in patients.If electrode disconnects, it is directed to the note in channel
Record is inaccurate, to the reading of generation error.Preferably, each amplifier 42 of EEG machine components 40 and it is attached to patient 15
Head two electrodes 35 it is corresponding.Output from EEG machine components 40 be by two electrode detections to electrical activity
Difference.The placement of each electrode is crucial for EEG reports, because electrode to closer each other, is remembered by EEG machine components 40
The difference of the brain wave of record is smaller.
EEG is optimized for the filtering of automatic artifact.Then EEG records are handled using neural network algorithm to generate
Processed EEG records, processed EEG records are analyzed for display.During obtaining EEG records, processing engine is held
The continuous analysis of row EEG waveforms, and determine on the basis of by channel the presence of most types of electrode artifact.With the mankind
Reader is closely similar, and processing engine detects artifact by analyzing multiple features of the tracks EEG.Preferred artifact detection and impedance
It checks unrelated.During acquisition, the channel that processing monitoring enters is to find electrode artifact.When detecting artifact, they will be certainly
It is removed in the dynamic detection process from breaking-out, and is removed in optionally being shown from trend.Compared with previous generation products, this causes
Higher levels of breaking-out accuracy in detection and it is easier to reading trend.
For removing the algorithm of artifact from EEG usually using such as CCA (typical association analysis) and ICA (independent elements point
Analysis) blind source separating (BSS) algorithm the signal from one group of channel is transformed to one group of wavelet or " source ".
In one example, the influence of muscle activity is removed from EEG using the algorithm for being referred to as BSS-CCA.Remembering
In the lead of record optimum will not be usually generated using the algorithm.In this case, usually it is still further preferred that using wherein
Reference electrode is the lead of one of apex electrode of CZ such as in international 10-20 standards.In the algorithm, in removal artifact
Before, the lead of record is transformed into CZ first and refers to lead.Signal designation at CZ it in the case of be not optimal selection,
Then algorithm will be downward along the list of possible reference electrode, to find suitable reference electrode.
Can directly BSS-CCA be executed in the lead of user's selection.However, problem there are two this.First, this is needed
It is chosen for carrying out expensive artifact removal processing in each lead that user checks.Secondly, artifact removal will be led from one
Be linked to another lead and different, and by only when user using optimal reference it is best to be only when selecting with reference to lead.Due to
Check that the lead needed for EEG is usually different from best lead, therefore this is not a good solution.
Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 is illustrated and is removed how artifact allows more clearly to illustrate the true of brain for reader from EEG signal
Real activity.Fig. 6 is the diagram of the EEG records 4000 comprising breaking-out, muscle artifact and eye motion artifact.Fig. 7 is removal muscle
The diagram of the EEG records 5000 of Fig. 6 of artifact.Fig. 8 is the diagram of the EEG records 6000 for the Fig. 7 for removing eye motion artifact.
It is generated by processing engine for the various trend of EEG records.Break out probability trend, rhythmicity spectrogram, left hemisphere
Trend, rhythmicity spectrogram, right hemisphere trend, FFT spectrum figure left hemisphere trend, the right hemisphere trend of FFT spectrum figure, asymmetric phase
To spectrogram trend, asymmetric adiabatic index trend, aEEG trend and inhibit than, left hemisphere and right hemisphere trend.
Rhythmicity spectrogram permission people check the differentiation of breaking-out in single image.Rhythmicity spectrogram measures EEG notes
The amount of rhythmicity existing at each frequency in record.
Breaking-out probability trend shows probability of the calculated seizure activity with the time.Breaking-out probability trend shows inspection
The duration of the breaking-out measured, and also suggest to drop to and be less than breaking-out detection cut-off but be still interested in be checked
Record region.When being shown together with other trend, the synthesis that breaking-out probability trend provides the quantitative variation in EEG regards
Figure.
As shown in figure 9, the method for calculating quantitative EEG is generally designated as 600.At frame 601, from including multiple
The EEG machines of electrode, amplifier and processor generate EEG signal.At frame 602, continuously processing EEG letters are reduced for artifact
It number is recorded with generating processed EEG.At frame 601, quantitative EEG is calculated from processed EEG records.Preferably, using fast
Fast Fourier-transformed signal handles to calculate quantitative EEG.The artifact type of reduction is from including blink artifact, muscle artifact, tongue
It is selected in the group of motion artifacts, chewing artifact and heartbeat artifact.
As shown in Figure 10, the method for calculating quantitative EEG is generally designated as 700.At frame 701, from including electricity
The EEG machines of pole, amplifier and processor generate EEG signal.At frame 702, EEG signal is continuously handled for artifact reduction
To generate the EEG data of continuous artifact reduction.At frame 703, come using the EEG data of continuous artifact reduction near real-time
Calculate quantitative EEG.This method further includes predicting apoplexy based on quantitative EEG.This method alternatively including the use of quantitative EEG come into
Row breaking-out detection.
Figure 11 and Figure 12 illustrates the system for calculating quantitative EEG.Patient 15 dresses by multiple electrodes 35a to 35c groups
At electrode cap 30, electrode cap 30 is attached to patients head, and wherein conducting wire 38 is connected to EEG machine components 40, EEG from electrode 35
Machine component 40 includes for the amplifier 42 to 41 amplified signal of computer with processor, and processor comes from for analyzing
The EEG records and qEEG 51 that the signal of electrode 35 and generation can be checked on display 50.CPU 41 includes for nerve
The software program of network algorithm and software program for qEEG engines.As shown in figure 12, artifact reduces engine, qEEG engines
47, microprocessor 44, memory 42, Memory Controller 43 and I/O 48 are the components of EEEG machines 40.To institute's profit of the invention
A more complete description of electrode is directed to Method And Device For Quick Press On Wilson's et al.
It is described in detail in the U.S. Patent number 8112141 of EEG Electrode, the patent is with it entirely through being incorporated by this
Text.EEG is optimized for the filtering of automatic artifact.Then EEG records are handled using neural network algorithm to generate through place
The EEG of reason is recorded, and processed EEG records are analyzed for display.
Figure 13 is illustrated for analyzing the flow chart for determining the method 800 for disconnecting electrode for quantitative EEG.At frame 801,
From the machine generation EEG records of multiple electrodes, amplifier and processor including being attached to patients head, wherein EEG record packets
Include multiple channels.At frame 802, impedance threshold is set for multiple electrodes.Impedance value is set higher than for multiple electrodes
In disconnection electrode given value.At frame 803, the impedance value of each electrode is measured to determine whether that any impedance value is more than
Impedance threshold.At frame 804, removes in multiple channels and be more than the corresponding each channel of the electrode of threshold value with impedance value, with
Create the EEG records through impedance filter.At frame 805, at processor, the EEG records through impedance filter are handled.In frame 806
Place generates quantitative EEG parameters from processed EEG records.
Preferably, electrode is applied to record site after measuring electrode impedance (opposite with alternating current) to comment
Estimate the contact between electrode and patient's scalp.Preferred impedance ranges are between 100 ohm and 5000 ohm.Preferably, it utilizes
Impedometer carrys out measuring electrode impedance, which makes the alternating current from selected electrode pass through scalp and be transmitted to be connected to
The every other electrode of impedometer.By with very high impedance electrode and more low-impedance electrode be connected to difference amplifier
Input causes imbalance, this is conducive to the record of 60Hz interference.
It answers the requirement of operator after application electrode in general, direct impedance is measured and carries out, to verify good connection.
Under some cases, direct impedance measurement is repeated with interval during record.Anyway, EEG systems are stored for each channel
The impedance value of the measurement.In general, good impedance measurement is considered as 5000 ohm or smaller, and it is therefore preferable that threshold value is
5000 ohm.Due to disconnecting electrode by with virtually limitless big impedance, one embodiment is with 100,000 ohm of resistance
Anti- threshold value.
Other than for determining that direct impedance that whether electrode disconnect measures, some EEG machines are generated when impedance is high
There are specific waveforms in the channel.Therefore, in an alternative embodiment, instead of measuring the impedance value of each electrode, processing
Device is configured as identifying the high impedance waveform and measuring with direct impedance dividually determining that impedance is height.Then, removal has
The channel of specific waveforms is recorded with creating the EEG through impedance filter, and the EEG records through impedance filter are handled to generate qEEG ginsengs
Number.
Alternatively, processor is configured as detecting the channel and then of specific waveforms, removal with specific waveforms first
It also executes direct impedance to remaining channel before creating the EEG records through impedance filter to measure, the EEG records through impedance filter
It is handled to generate qEEG parameters.
In an alternative embodiment, using the detection to excessive circuit noise (60Hz or 50Hz) come determine high impedance and
Disconnect the presence of electrode.In this alternative embodiment, processor be configured as indicating the excess circuit noise and with it is direct
Impedance measurement dividually determines that impedance is height.Then, removal has the channel of excessive circuit noise to create through impedance filter
EEG is recorded, and the EEG records through impedance filter are handled to generate qEEG parameters
The description for the user interface that the present invention is utilized is directed to User Interface For Wilson's et al.
It is described in detail in the U.S. Patent number 9055927 of Artifact Removal In An EEG, the patent is with its whole
Content is incorporated herein by reference.The description for the EEG that the display present invention is utilized is directed to Method Nierenberg's et al.
It is described in detail in the U.S. Patent number 8666484 of And System For Displaying EEG Recordings,
The patent is incorporated herein by reference with entire contents.Display is used for the description of the EEG records of the present invention in Wilson et al.
The U.S. Patent number 9232922 for User Interface For Artifact Removal In An EEG in carry out
Detailed description, the patent are incorporated herein by reference with entire contents.The description of qEEG is that on March 14th, 2013 submits
Nierenberg et al. the U.S. Patent Application No. 13/ for Method And System To Calculate qEEG
It is illustrated in 830742, which is incorporated herein by reference with entire contents.
Claims (19)
1. it is a kind of for determining the method for disconnecting electrode for quantitative EEG analyses, the method includes：
EEG records are generated from machine, the machine includes the multiple electrodes for being attached to patients head, amplifier and processor,
Described in EEG record include multiple channels；
Impedance threshold for the multiple electrode is set, and the impedance value is higher than for the disconnection electrode in the multiple electrode
Given value；
Measure the impedance value of each electrode in the multiple electrode；
It removes in the multiple channel and is more than the corresponding each channel of the electrode of the impedance threshold with impedance value, to create
EEG records through impedance filter；
Handle the EEG records through impedance filter；And
Quantitative EEG parameters are generated from processed EEG records.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein Fast Fourier Transform signal processing be used to generate it is described quantitative
EEG。
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it includes executing artifact to subtract wherein to handle the EEG records through impedance filter
Few, wherein the artifact type of reduction is from including blink artifact, muscle artifact, tongue movements artifact, chewing artifact and heartbeat artifact
Group in select.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, the wherein described impedance threshold is more than 5000 ohm.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, the wherein described impedance threshold is more than 100,000 ohm.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, the wherein described impedance threshold ranging from from 5000 ohm to 100,000 Europe
Nurse.
7. a kind of determining the system for disconnecting electrode for quantitative EEG analyses, the system comprises：
Multiple electrodes, for generating multiple EEG signals；
Processor is connected to the multiple electrode to generate EEG records from the multiple EEG signal；And
Display is connected to the processor for display EEG records；
The wherein described processor is configured as impedance threshold of the setting for the multiple electrode, and the impedance value, which is higher than, is directed to institute
State the given value of the disconnection electrode in multiple electrodes；
The wherein described processor is configured as removing the electrode for being more than the impedance threshold with impedance value in the multiple channel
Corresponding each channel is recorded with creating the EEG through impedance filter；
The wherein described processor is configured as handling the EEG records through impedance filter；And
The wherein described processor is configured as generating quantitative EEG parameters from processed EEG records.
8. system according to claim 7, wherein the processor is configured as locating using multiple neural network algorithms
The EEG signal is managed, is recorded with creating the processed EEG.
9. system according to claim 7, the wherein artifact type of reduction are from including blink artifact, muscle artifact, tongue
It is selected in the group of motion artifacts, chewing artifact and heartbeat artifact.
10. system according to claim 7, wherein the impedance threshold is more than 5000 ohm.
11. system according to claim 7, wherein the impedance threshold is more than 100,000 ohm.
12. system according to claim 7, wherein the impedance threshold ranging from from 5000 ohm to 100,000 Europe
Nurse.
13. system according to claim 7, wherein the processor is configured as detecting the channel in the multiple channel
In specific waveforms, specific waveforms instruction is more than the impedance value of the impedance threshold, and the processor is configured as
Each channel with the specific waveforms in the multiple channel is removed, for the EEG records through impedance filter.
14. it is a kind of for determining the method for disconnecting electrode for quantitative EEG analyses, the method includes：
EEG records are generated from machine, the machine includes the multiple electrodes for being attached to patients head, amplifier and processor,
Described in EEG record include multiple channels；
Impedance threshold for the multiple electrode is set, and the impedance value is higher than for the disconnection electrode in the multiple electrode
Given value；
Detect the specific waveforms in the channel in the multiple channel, resistance of the specific waveforms instruction more than the impedance threshold
Anti- value；
Each channel with the specific waveforms in the multiple channel is removed, is recorded with creating the EEG through impedance filter；
Handle the EEG records through impedance filter；And
Quantitative EEG parameters are generated from processed EEG records.
15. the processing of the method according to claim 11, wherein Fast Fourier Transform signal be used to generate described quantitative
EEG。
16. according to the method for claim 14, wherein it includes executing artifact to subtract to handle the EEG records through impedance filter
Few, wherein the artifact type of reduction is from including blink artifact, muscle artifact, tongue movements artifact, chewing artifact and heartbeat artifact
Group in select.
17. according to the method for claim 14, wherein the impedance threshold is more than 5000 ohm.
18. according to the method for claim 14, wherein the impedance threshold is more than 100,000 ohm.
19. according to the method for claim 14, wherein the impedance threshold ranging from from 5000 ohm to 100,000 Europe
Nurse.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US201662297947P | 2016-02-22 | 2016-02-22 | |
| US62/297,947 | 2016-02-22 | ||
| US201615131216A | 2016-04-18 | 2016-04-18 | |
| US15/131,216 | 2016-04-18 | ||
| PCT/US2017/018012 WO2017146956A1 (en) | 2016-02-22 | 2017-02-15 | Impedance monitoring for quantitative eeg |
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| CN108601549A true CN108601549A (en) | 2018-09-28 |
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| CN201780009315.4A Pending CN108601549A (en) | 2016-02-22 | 2017-02-15 | Impedance monitoring for quantitative EEG |
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| EP (1) | EP3419520A4 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN108601549A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2017146956A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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| CN112043262A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-08 | 南京伟思医疗科技股份有限公司 | Identification system and method for neonatal electroencephalogram artifact |
| US20230116830A1 (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2023-04-13 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Electrode Disconnect Detection |
| CN117322895A (en) * | 2023-11-23 | 2024-01-02 | 浙江普可医疗科技有限公司 | Sensor impedance-based brain electrical state dynamic monitoring device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110584657B (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2022-09-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | Attention detection method and system |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3419520A1 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
| EP3419520A4 (en) | 2019-10-16 |
| WO2017146956A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
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