CN108600991B - Car networking cooperation communication system, the power distribution method of roadside unit and system - Google Patents
Car networking cooperation communication system, the power distribution method of roadside unit and system Download PDFInfo
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- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/44—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for communication between vehicles and infrastructures, e.g. vehicle-to-cloud [V2C] or vehicle-to-home [V2H]
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- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of car networking cooperation communication systems, the power distribution method and system of roadside unit, the roadside unit collected using RF energy replaces the roadbed equipment for needing to be laid with power grid energetically to provide service for vehicle, the development of energy collection technology allows anywhere to install roadbed equipment, availability without considering power supply, allows car networking infrastructure to cover more wide region.Meanwhile power grid is replaced to realize green, intelligent transportation system foundation using renewable energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle networking, in particular to a vehicle networking cooperative communication system and a power distribution method and system of roadside units.
Background
In urban traffic today, particularly in the event of traffic congestion or vehicle accidents, high-density traffic information transmission occurs. The vehicle networking is to collect information of vehicles, roads, environment and the like by using technologies of wireless communication, sensing detection and the like, and enable intelligent cooperation and coordination between vehicles and infrastructure through vehicle-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-road (V2R) information interaction and sharing, thereby realizing an integrated network of intelligent traffic management control, vehicle intelligent control and intelligent dynamic information service, and supporting cooperative communication between vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-infrastructure (V2I). In an actual vehicle moving environment, each vehicle can be regarded as a mobile terminal, and can help other vehicles to send information while communicating with a base station. In a traditional vehicle networking cooperative communication system, a power grid is often spent at high cost to establish roadbed equipment in the vehicle networking, the roadbed equipment needs to lay the power grid vigorously for providing services for vehicles, the roadbed equipment in the vehicle networking is spent at high cost in remote areas to establish the roadbed equipment by utilizing the power grid, the resource waste is caused, in some areas, due to geographic factors, the power grid laying can be difficult, and the factors hinder the construction and development of the vehicle networking in wide areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vehicle networking cooperative communication system, a power distribution method of roadside units and a system, wherein the roadside units for collecting RF energy are used for replacing roadbed equipment needing to be heavily paved with a power grid to provide services for vehicles, so that vehicle networking infrastructure can cover a wider area.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a vehicle networking cooperative communication system, the vehicle networking cooperative communication system comprising: a source node, a relay node and a destination node;
the source node and the destination node are both mobile vehicle nodes with independent physical positions;
the relay node is a passive roadside unit; the wayside unit is capable of RF energy harvesting; the relay node transmits information by using the collected energy;
and the source node and the destination node carry out information interaction through the relay node.
Optionally, the performing, by the source node and the destination node, information interaction through the relay node specifically includes:
the source node sends a sending signal to the relay node;
the relay node amplifies the received sending signal and forwards the signal to the destination node;
or the relay node decodes the received sending signal and judges whether the sending signal is correctly received or not to obtain a first judgment result;
when the first judgment result is yes, the relay node forwards the sending signal to the destination node; and when the first judgment result is negative, not forwarding.
The invention also provides a power distribution method of the roadside unit, wherein the roadside unit is applied to a vehicle networking cooperative communication system, and the vehicle networking cooperative communication system comprises a source node, a relay node and a destination node; the source node and the destination node are both mobile vehicle nodes with independent physical positions; the relay node is a passive roadside unit; the wayside unit is capable of RF energy harvesting; the relay node transmits information by using the collected energy; the source node and the destination node carry out information interaction through the relay node; the power distribution method comprises the following steps:
acquiring channel fading coefficients of all links in the car networking cooperative communication system; the channel fading coefficients of the links comprise channel fading coefficients of links from a source node to a destination node, channel fading coefficients of links from the source node to a relay node and channel fading coefficients of links from the relay node to the destination node;
determining the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of a target node under a DF protocol or an AF protocol according to the channel fading coefficients of each link;
analyzing the interruption probability of the system cooperative link under the DF protocol or the AF protocol according to the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the target node; the outage probability is related to a power allocation ratio;
determining a power distribution ratio when the interruption probability reaches the minimum, and taking the power distribution ratio as an optimal power distribution ratio;
distributing the power of the RF signals received by the roadside units according to the optimal power distribution ratio.
Optionally, the determining, according to the channel fading coefficients of the links, a signal-to-noise ratio of a destination node under a DF protocol or an AF protocol specifically includes:
according to the formulaDetermining the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of a target node under the DF protocol; wherein gamma isDRepresenting the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of a destination node under the DF protocol; g0＝|h0|2Obedience parameter is lambda0Index distribution of (a), h0Representing the channel fading coefficients of the source node to destination node link,c denotes an environment-dependent constant, τ denotes a path loss exponent, dSDRepresenting the distance between the source node and the destination node, p representing the power distribution ratio of the roadside units, η representing the energy conversion efficiency of the roadside units, g1＝|h1|2Obedience parameter is lambda1Index distribution of (a), h1Representing the channel fading coefficients of the source node to relay node link,dSRrepresents the distance between the source node and the relay node; g2＝|h2|2Obedience parameter is lambda2Index distribution of (a), h2Representing the channel fading coefficients of the relay node to destination node link,dRDrepresenting the distance between the relay node and the destination node; gamma-PS/N0，PSRepresenting the transmission power of the source node, N0Representing the variance of additive white gaussian noise at the relay node and the destination node; mu represents the coefficient before the variance of the additive white Gaussian noise generated by the sampling of the RF-to-baseband conversion unit at the destination node; r correctly represents that the relay node correctly receives the sending signal of the source node; the R error indicates that the relay node erroneously receives the transmission signal of the source node.
Optionally, the determining, according to the channel fading coefficients of the links, a received signal-to-noise ratio of the destination node under the DF protocol or the AF protocol specifically includes:
according to the formula gammaD1＝g0Gamma/(1 + mu) determines the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the destination node in the first time slot under the AF protocol;
according to the formulaDetermining the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the destination node in the second time slot under the AF protocol;
according to the formula gammaD＝γD1+γD2And determining the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the destination node in the whole communication process under the AF protocol.
Optionally, analyzing the outage probability of the system cooperative link under the DF protocol or the AF protocol according to the received signal-to-noise ratio of the destination node specifically includes:
according to the formulaAnalyzing the interruption probability of a system cooperative link under the DF protocol; the system cooperative link is a cooperative link from a source node to a relay node and then to a destination node; whereinRTRepresenting a target data rate; k1(x) Is a second class of first order modified Bessel function;
optionally, analyzing the outage probability of the system cooperative link under the DF protocol or the AF protocol according to the received signal-to-noise ratio of the destination node specifically includes:
according to the formulaAnalyzing the interruption probability of a system cooperative link under an AF protocol; wherein a is 1+ 1/(1-rho),
optionally, the allocating power of the RF signal received by the roadside unit according to the optimal power allocation ratio specifically includes:
according to the optimal power distribution ratio, the RF signal yR received by the roadside unit R-SIs divided intoAndin whichThe part is used for collecting the energy,and part for information processing.
The present invention also provides a power distribution system of a roadside unit, the power distribution system including:
the channel fading coefficient acquisition module is used for acquiring the channel fading coefficients of all links in the vehicle networking cooperative communication system; the channel fading coefficients of the links comprise channel fading coefficients of links from a source node to a destination node, channel fading coefficients of links from the source node to a relay node and channel fading coefficients of links from the relay node to the destination node;
a receiving signal-to-noise ratio determining module, configured to determine a receiving signal-to-noise ratio of a destination node under the DF protocol or the AF protocol according to the channel fading coefficient of each link;
the interruption probability analysis module is used for analyzing the interruption probability of the system cooperative link under the DF protocol or the AF protocol according to the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the target node; the outage probability is related to a power allocation ratio;
the optimal power distribution ratio determining module is used for determining a power distribution ratio when the interruption probability reaches the minimum, and the power distribution ratio is used as the optimal power distribution ratio;
and the power distribution module is used for distributing the power of the RF signals received by the roadside units according to the optimal power distribution ratio.
Optionally, the power distribution module specifically includes:
a power distribution unit for distributing the RF signal y received by the roadside unit R according to the optimal power distribution ratioR-SIs divided intoAndin whichThe part is used for collecting the energy,and part for information processing.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention discloses a vehicle networking cooperative communication system, a power distribution method and a system of roadside units, wherein RF energy-collected roadside units are used for replacing roadbed equipment needing to be heavily paved with a power grid to provide services for vehicles, and the development of an energy collection technology allows the roadbed equipment to be installed at any place without considering the availability of a power supply, so that vehicle networking infrastructure can cover a wider area. Meanwhile, renewable energy is used for replacing a power grid, so that the establishment of a green and intelligent traffic system is realized.
In addition, the invention provides a power distribution method and a power distribution system of a roadside unit, which utilize the roadside unit as a relay in a vehicle networking cooperative communication model, adopt a relay protocol based on power distribution, deduce the interruption probability of the vehicle networking system powered by energy collection, obtain the optimal power distribution ratio, realize the power distribution of the roadside unit receiving RF signals according to the optimal power distribution ratio, and improve the cooperative communication performance of the communication system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle networking cooperative communication system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for power distribution by a roadside unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a power distribution system for a roadside unit provided by the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a relationship between an interruption probability of an S → R → D link and ρ when a DF protocol is adopted according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a relationship between an interruption probability of an S → R → D link and ρ when an AF protocol is adopted according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between SNR and outage probability under DF direct transmission and values of different ρ provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a relationship between SNR and outage probability under AF direct transmission and values of different ρ according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison between the outage probabilities under the DF and AF protocols according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a vehicle networking cooperative communication system, a power distribution method of roadside units and a system, wherein the roadside units for collecting RF energy are used for replacing roadbed equipment needing to be heavily paved with a power grid to provide services for vehicles, so that vehicle networking infrastructure can cover a wider area.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a car networking cooperative communication system provided by the invention. Referring to fig. 1, the cooperative communication system of the internet of vehicles provided by the invention is composed of mobile vehicle nodes S and D independent by physical location and a passive roadside unit R. The roadside unit R performs information exchange between S → D as a relay aid. Information is transmitted from the source node S to the destination node D through the energy constrained relay node R. There is no direct communication link between the two nodes. The roadside units R are passive and capable of energy harvesting to transmit information, the relays R harvest energy from the RF signals transmitted by the source node S, and transmit the signals of the source node S to the destination node D using the harvested energy as transmit power. Mobile vehicle S, D utilizes wayside units R capable of RF energy harvesting to assist it in completing the interaction of information.
The relay protocols based on energy harvesting include a Time Switch Relay (TSR) protocol and a Power Switch Relay (PSR) protocol based on Power allocation.
Herein, S denotes a source node, R denotes a relay node, D denotes a destination node, and "→" between letters denotes a link from a node in front of an arrow to a node behind the arrow, for example, S → D denotes a link from the source node to the destination node. RF is an abbreviation for radio frequency.
Energy Harvesting (EH), a process that extracts energy from the surrounding environment, provides energy as an alternative method, extends the life of energy-constrained communication networks, and may utilize a wide variety of harvestable energy sources, such as heat, light, waves, and wind, for energy harvesting in wireless networks. Recently, harvesting energy from ambient Radio Frequency (RF) signals has received increasing attention due to its convenience of providing energy autonomy for low power communication systems. With the recent advances in industrial and academic low power device technology, it is expected that energy extraction from RF signals will provide a viable solution for future applications, particularly for networks of low power consuming devices, such as Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) nodes. There is an interest in energy-limited networks, such as wireless sensor networks, internet of things, etc., where wireless devices are often neither connectable to the grid nor have frequent charging or battery replacement difficulties. For the above networks, on the premise of satisfying basic communication services, how to obtain stable and continuous energy supply so as to prolong the network lifetime has become a focus of attention. Even energy derived from artifacts (e.g., wireless energy transfer) to achieve a sustainable network. The RF signal radiated by the ambient transmitter can become a viable source of energy collection. On the one hand, RF signals are widely available in the ambient atmosphere and are capable of carrying both energy and information; on the other hand, RF signals have been widely used as carriers for information transmission. The simultaneous transmission of wireless information and power potentially provides great convenience to mobile users as it enables high efficiency of RF signals.
In the vehicle networking cooperative communication system, the power distribution method of the roadside unit and the system, the roadside unit for collecting the RF energy is used for replacing roadbed equipment needing to lay a power grid with great force to provide services for vehicles, so that the vehicle networking infrastructure can cover a wider area.
As shown in fig. 1 in particular, the car networking cooperative communication system includes: a source node S, a relay node R and a destination node D; the source node S and the destination node D are both mobile vehicle nodes with independent physical positions. The system is characterized in that the relay node R is a passive roadside unit, and the roadside unit R can collect RF energy. The roadside unit R transmits information using the collected energy. And the source node S and the destination node D carry out information interaction through the relay node R.
The source node S will send a signal xsSending the information to the relay node R;
under the AF protocol, the relay node R receives the sending signal xsAmplifying and forwarding to the destination node D;
under the DF protocol, the relay node R receives the sending signal xsDecoding and judging the transmission signal xsWhether the receiving is correct or not is judged, and a first judgment result is obtained;
when the first judgment result is yes, the relay node R forwards the transmission signal to the destination node D; and when the first judgment result is negative, not forwarding.
Each node in fig. 1 is a single antenna in a half-duplex manner. Suppose the transmission power of the moving vehicle S is PSThe roadside unit R derives energy from the received RF signal, η ∈ (0,1) denotes energy efficiency, depending on rectification efficiency and the energy harvesting circuit at RS-RAnd DD-RAnd (4) showing. (h)0,dSD)，(h1,dSR)，(h2,dRD) The channel fading coefficients and distances of the S → D, S → R and R → D links are represented, respectively.Of the gaussian random variables of (1) is,let c be 1, τ be 2, and d, variables representing environment-dependent constants, path loss exponents, and inter-node distances, respectively. Variable gi＝|hi|2I e {0,1,2} is a compliance parameter of λiI ∈ {0,1,2} of exponential distribution.
The RF signal y received by the roadside unit R according to the power division ratio ρ ∈ (0,1)R-SThe method is divided into two parts:one part for energy collection and the other partIs divided intoFor performing information processing.
In the first time slot, the moving vehicles S → D, S → R send signals x simultaneouslysThe signals received by the roadside unit R and the destination vehicle D are respectively:
wherein y isR-SRepresenting the signal received at the roadside units R, yD-SRepresents the signal received at the destination vehicle D; n isi～CN(0,N0) And i-R, D represents additive white gaussian noise at the roadside unit R, D.
Therefore, the signal processed at the roadside unit R can be expressed as:
in view of the additive noise generated by the RF-to-baseband conversion unit sampling at the wayside unit, equation (1) above is modified to:
wherein x issA transmission signal representing a source node, nRA variance representing additive white gaussian noise of the relay node;representing additive white gaussian noise due to the RF to baseband conversion unit at the relay node R.
The signal that collects energy at the roadside unit R can be expressed as:
wherein,the noise energy carried in the road edge unit is negligible, so the energy collected at the road edge unit is represented as:
wherein η denotes the energy conversion efficiency at the roadside unit, g1＝|h1|2，h1Represents the channel fading coefficient from vehicle S → R, and T is the entire time block.
Therefore, the transmission power P at the roadside units RRComprises the following steps:
second time slot, roadside unit R → D utilizes power PRTransmitting signal xRSo the signal obtained at vehicle D is:
wherein n isD2～CN(0,N0) Is additive white gaussian noise for the destination vehicle D,representing additive white gaussian noise at the moving vehicle D due to RF-to-baseband conversion unit sampling.
It is a waste of resources to spend high costs in more remote areas and utilize the electric wire netting to establish the road bed equipment in the car networking, and it is a good choice to use renewable energy to replace the electric wire netting. The vehicle networking cooperative communication system provided by the invention provides services for vehicles by using the roadside units for collecting RF energy to replace roadbed equipment for paving a power grid with great force, so that a green intelligent traffic system is realized. Advances in energy harvesting technology have allowed roadbed-based equipment to be installed anywhere, and the internet infrastructure can cover a much wider area, regardless of the availability of power supplies.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a power distribution method of a roadside unit according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the power allocation method provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
step 201: and acquiring the channel fading coefficients of all links in the vehicle networking cooperative communication system.
The channel fading coefficients of the links comprise the channel fading coefficients h of the links from the source node to the destination node0Channel fading coefficient h of link from source node to relay node1And channel fading coefficient h of link from relay node to destination node2。
Step 202: and determining the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the target node under the DF protocol or the AF protocol according to the channel fading coefficients of each link.
Step 202 analyzes the signal reception of each endpoint in the S → R → D transmission according to both DF and AF protocols.
(1) DF protocol
Under a Decode-and-Forward (DF) protocol, a roadside unit R decodes a received signal and detects whether the reception is correct or not, and if so, forwards the received signal to a destination node, otherwise, does not Forward the signal. Therefore, the transmission signal of the relay node R at this time is:
wherein x isRIs a signal transmitted by the roadside unit R.
According to the signal obtained by the first time slot roadside unit R, the signal-to-noise ratio obtained by the roadside unit R is:
wherein, g1＝|h1|2，h1Denotes the channel fading coefficient of S → R, γ ═ PS/N0。
The received signal-to-noise ratio of vehicle D during transmission is:
wherein, γDRepresenting the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of a destination node under the DF protocol; g0＝|h0|2Obedience parameter is lambda0Index distribution of (a), h0Representing the channel fading coefficients of the source node to destination node link,c denotes an environment-dependent constant, τ denotes a path loss exponent, dSDRepresenting the distance between the source node and the destination node, p representing the power distribution ratio of the roadside units, η representing the energy conversion efficiency of the roadside units, g1＝|h1|2Obedience parameter is lambda1Index distribution of (a), h1Representing a chain of source nodes to relay nodesThe channel fading coefficients of the paths are determined,dSRrepresents the distance between the source node and the relay node; g2＝|h2|2Obedience parameter is lambda2Index distribution of (a), h2Representing the channel fading coefficients of the relay node to destination node link,dRDrepresenting the distance between the relay node and the destination node; gamma-PS/N0，PSRepresenting the transmission power of the source node, N0Representing the variance of additive white gaussian noise at the relay node and the destination node; μ denotes a coefficient before an additive white gaussian noise variance generated at a destination node due to the RF-to-baseband conversion unit; r correctly represents that the relay node correctly receives the sending signal of the source node; the R error indicates that the relay node erroneously receives the transmission signal of the source node.
(2) AF protocol
Under an amplifying-and-forwarding (AF) protocol, a roadside unit R amplifies and forwards a received signal, and at the moment, a transmitting signal x of RRComprises the following steps:
wherein G is a normalization factor before the roadside unit R sends a signal, and can be expressed as:
from the signal obtained at vehicle D, its received snr at the first time slot is:
γD1＝g0γ/(1+μ) (12)
similarly, the received snr at the second slot D is:
simplifying to obtain:
let μ equal to 1, i.e. assumeThen the above equation reduces to:
in the whole communication process, the received signal-to-noise ratio received at the mobile vehicle node D is: gamma rayD＝γD1+γD2。
Step 203: and analyzing the interruption probability of the system cooperative link under the DF protocol or the AF protocol according to the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the target node. The outage probability is directly related to the power allocation ratio.
In order to find the optimal power distribution ratio ρ e (0,1) that enables the roadside unit to have the optimal power distribution, the interruption probability of the system cooperative link under the DF protocol or the AF protocol needs to be analyzed. The direct link is from the transmission of S → D with fixed power, independent of the power distribution at the roadside unit, so only the S → R → D cooperative link needs to be studied to analyze the power distribution at the roadside unit.
All channels are assumed to be stationary random rayleigh fading channels. The outage probability refers to the probability that the achievable data rate is less than the target data rate at vehicle D due to the signal-to-noise ratio being below a given threshold. The interruption probability expression of the vehicle S → R → D in the communication transmission process is as follows:
PS-R-D＝Pr[CSRD＜R] (16)
1) analyzing interruption probability of system cooperation link under DF protocol
Vehicle S → R → D under the correct decoding of R in the communication transmission process, the received signal-to-noise ratio at the destination vehicle D:
let RT、RR、RDThe target data rate, the first time slot available data rate at the roadside unit R, and the vehicle D available data rate when the S → R → D cooperative transmission process R decodes correctly, respectively. Since power allocation at the roadside unit involves only transmission of S → R → D, the probability of interruption of the S → R → D link when using the DF protocol can be expressed as:
wherein,according to equation (8) and equation (17), RR、RDComprises the following steps:
substituting the above two equations (19), (20) into equation (18) yields:
wherein,
r is to beRAnd RDSubstituting into equations (4-18), one can obtain Pr2 as:
wherein,γ＝PS/N0。
gi＝|hi|2i e {1,2} is a compliance parameter of λiI ∈ {1,2} exponential distribution, h1,h2The channel fading coefficients of S → R and R → D, respectively, are calculated as:
wherein, K1Is a second class of first order modified bezier functions,γ＝PS/N0。
the probability of interruption of the S → R → D link is therefore:
wherein,
2) analyzing interruption probability of system cooperation link under AF protocol
According to the analysis of the formulas (15) and (16), the interruption probability of the S → R → D link is as follows by adopting the AF protocol:
due to gammaD2＝(1-ρ)ρηg1g2γ/[(1-ρ)ρηg2+ρηg2+(1-ρ)]The above equation (25) is calculated as:
wherein a is 1+ 1/(1-rho), and γ is PS/N0. Similarly, equation (26) above is calculated as:
wherein a is 1+ 1/(1-rho), and γ is PS/N0，
Step 204: and determining the power distribution ratio when the interruption probability reaches the minimum as the optimal power distribution ratio.
Due to the obtainedAndthe analytical expressions of (1) relate to integrating and modifying Bessel functions, soAndit is difficult to calculate a closed expression of the optimum value of ρ. Therefore, the optimal value of ρ is numerically analyzed according to system parameters (link distance, vehicle transmission rate, etc.), and the power distribution ratio at which the interruption probability is minimized is used as the optimal power distribution ratio to complete optimization.
Step 205: distributing the power of the RF signals received by the roadside units according to the optimal power distribution ratio.
According to the optimal power distribution ratio, the RF signal y received by the roadside unit RR-SIs divided intoAndin whichThe part is used for collecting the energy,and part for information processing. Therefore, the optimal power distribution at the roadside unit is realized, and the cooperative communication performance of the communication system is improved.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a power distribution system of a roadside unit according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the present invention also provides a power distribution system of a roadside unit, the power distribution system including:
a channel fading coefficient obtaining module 301, configured to obtain a channel fading coefficient of each link in the car networking cooperative communication system; the channel fading coefficients of the links comprise channel fading coefficients of links from a source node to a destination node, channel fading coefficients of links from the source node to a relay node and channel fading coefficients of links from the relay node to the destination node;
a received signal-to-noise ratio determining module 302, configured to determine a received signal-to-noise ratio of a destination node under the DF protocol or the AF protocol according to the channel fading coefficient of each link;
an interruption probability analysis module 303, configured to analyze an interruption probability of a system cooperative link under a DF protocol or an AF protocol according to a received signal-to-noise ratio of the destination node; the outage probability is related to a power allocation ratio;
an optimal power distribution ratio determining module 304, configured to determine a power distribution ratio when the interruption probability reaches a minimum, as an optimal power distribution ratio;
a power distribution module 305, configured to distribute the power of the RF signals received by the roadside units according to the optimal power distribution ratio.
Specifically, the receiving signal-to-noise ratio determining module 302 includes:
a reception noise ratio determination unit under DF protocol for determining the reception noise ratio according to the formulaDetermining the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of a target node under the DF protocol; wherein gamma isDRepresenting the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of a destination node under the DF protocol; g0＝|h0|2Obedience parameter is lambda0Index distribution of (a), h0Representing the channel fading coefficients of the source node to destination node link,c denotes an environment-dependent constant, τ denotes a path loss exponent, dSDRepresenting the distance between the source node and the destination node, p representing the power distribution ratio of the roadside units, η representing the energy conversion efficiency of the roadside units, g1＝|h1|2Obedience parameter is lambda1Index distribution of (a), h1Representing the channel fading coefficients of the source node to relay node link,dSRrepresents the distance between the source node and the relay node; g2＝|h2|2Obedience parameter is lambda2Index distribution of (a), h2Representing the channel fading coefficients of the relay node to destination node link,dRDrepresenting the distance between the relay node and the destination node; gamma-PS/N0，PSRepresenting the transmission power of the source node, N0Representing the variance of additive white gaussian noise at the relay node and the destination node; μ denotes a coefficient before an additive white gaussian noise variance generated at a destination node due to the RF-to-baseband conversion unit; r correctly represents that the relay node correctly receives the sending signal of the source node; the R error indicates that the relay node erroneously receives the transmission signal of the source node.
A first time slot received signal-to-noise ratio determining unit under AF protocol for determining the signal-to-noise ratio according to the formula gammaD1＝g0Gamma/(1 + mu) determines the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the destination node in the first time slot under the AF protocol;
a second time slot receiving signal-to-noise ratio determining unit under AF protocol for determining the second time slot receiving signal-to-noise ratio according to the formulaDetermining the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the destination node in the second time slot under the AF protocol;
a reception noise ratio determining unit under AF protocol for determining a reception noise ratio according to the formula gammaD＝γD1+γD2Determining the connection of a destination node in the whole communication process under an AF protocolThe signal to noise ratio.
The interruption probability analysis module 303 specifically includes:
an interruption probability analysis unit under DF protocol for analyzing interruption probability according to formulaAnalyzing the interruption probability of a system cooperative link under the DF protocol; the system cooperative link is a cooperative link from a source node to a relay node and then to a destination node; whereinRTRepresenting a target data rate; k1(x) Is a second class of first order modified Bessel function;
an interruption probability analysis unit under AF protocol for analyzing interruption probability according to formulaAnalyzing the interruption probability of a system cooperative link under an AF protocol; wherein a is 1+ 1/(1-rho),
the power distribution module 305 specifically includes:
a power distribution unit for distributing the RF signal y received by the roadside unit R according to the optimal power distribution ratioR-SIs divided intoAndin whichPartly for energy harvesting，And part for information processing.
In a green grid vehicle network, roadside units must efficiently manage their energy usage, serving as many vehicles as possible. The invention provides a power distribution method and a power distribution system of roadside units, which utilize the roadside units as a cooperative communication model of an internet of vehicles of a relay, adopt a relay protocol based on power distribution, deduce the interruption probability of the internet of vehicles system powered by energy collection, obtain the optimal power distribution ratio, realize the power distribution of the roadside units for receiving RF signals according to the optimal power distribution ratio, and improve the cooperative communication performance of a communication system.
The following analyzes the power distribution problem at the road edge unit in the transmission of S → R → D and the relation between SNR and interruption probability under direct transmission and different values of rho through system simulation. Evaluation Using equations (24) and (28), respectivelyAndand the analysis results of (2) and obtained using the formula (16), respectivelyAndthe simulation result of (1).
Fig. 4 and 5 depict the transmission interruption of the S → R → D link with ρ e (0,1) using the DF protocol and AF protocol, respectively. In fig. 4 and 5, the abscissa is the value of the power distribution ratio ρ, and the ordinate is the interruption probability. Simulation bySR＝0.2，dRD0.8. It is clear that both the analysis and simulation conclusions are consistent with all possible values of ρ ∈ (0,1) and are completely consistent. For power splitting at roadside units in S → R → D transmissionProblem of compounding, PS-R-DDecreases as p increases from 0 to some optimal p, but then begins to increase as p increases from its optimal value. This is because the available power for energy harvesting is smaller for values of p that are less than the optimal p. Thus, less transmission power P is obtained from the roadside unitsRA greater probability of interruption is observed at the destination vehicle D. For values of p greater than the optimum p, energy harvesting wastes more power and leaves less power for the source vehicle S to transfer information transmissions. Poor signal strength is observed at the wayside unit and when the wayside unit forwards the signal to the destination, a greater probability of interruption at the destination results. Therefore, the present invention takes the power distribution ratio at which the probability value of the outage probability reaches the minimum as the optimal power distribution ratio, which is consistent with the system simulation result.
Fig. 6 and 7 respectively depict the SNR and the outage probability under DF pass-through, AF pass-through and different ρ values. In FIGS. 6 and 7, the SIGNAL-to-noise ratio (SNR) is plotted on the abscissa, and the probability of interruption is plotted on the ordinate. Simulation bySR＝0.2，dRD＝0.8，dSRD1, wherein S → D is communication between two moving vehicles, a channel model with double Rayleigh distribution is adopted, and the probability of system interruption with a direct transmission link is simulated. Fig. 6 and fig. 7 show the comparison of the interruption probability varying with the signal-to-noise ratio under different values of ρ, using DF and AF protocols, respectively, in a direct link without a roadside unit as a relay aid and with a roadside unit as a relay. Obviously, the performance of the direct link is worse than that of any system with the help of roadside units; the performance is best when the optimal value is obtained compared with the optimal value of rho and other values. Therefore, if there is assistance from the roadside unit in the communication and the appropriate power allocation is performed on the signal at the roadside unit before the start, the overall communication quality can be greatly improved.
Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating the comparison of the outage probability under DF and AF protocols, where the abscissa represents the signal-to-noise ratio and the ordinate represents the outage probability. Fig. 8 shows that the interrupt performance of the link transmission under the DF protocol is the best and the direct transmission is the worst. And the interruption performance of the link transmission under the AF protocol is higher than that under the DF protocol.
The method and system provided by the invention adopt a passive green roadside unit with RF energy collection in the vehicle networking relay system. The roadside units adopt a power distribution architecture, and according to a power distribution ratio, the roadside units can acquire energy from the RF signals transmitted by the source to forward the information of the roadside units. Determining a power-optimized design in the sense of a minimum achievable outage probability for the energy collection and information processing proportions. The simulation results are used to evaluate the impact of various system parameters. The performance of the optimized design was compared to the performance of the other cases. The energy harvesting technique R reuses the energy and broadcast nature of the wireless link well and allows roadside units to be installed anywhere, regardless of the actual power supply situation.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principle and the implementation manner of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples, the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understanding the method of the present invention and the core idea thereof, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The power distribution method of the roadside unit is characterized in that the roadside unit is applied to a vehicle networking cooperative communication system, and the vehicle networking cooperative communication system comprises a source node, a relay node and a destination node; the source node and the destination node are both mobile vehicle nodes with independent physical positions; the relay node is a passive roadside unit; the wayside unit is capable of RF energy harvesting; the relay node transmits information by using the collected energy; the source node and the destination node carry out information interaction through the relay node; the power distribution method comprises the following steps:
acquiring channel fading coefficients of all links in the car networking cooperative communication system; the channel fading coefficients of the links comprise channel fading coefficients of links from a source node to a destination node, channel fading coefficients of links from the source node to a relay node and channel fading coefficients of links from the relay node to the destination node;
determining the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of a target node under a DF protocol or an AF protocol according to the channel fading coefficients of each link;
analyzing the interruption probability of the system cooperative link under the DF protocol or the AF protocol according to the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the target node; the outage probability is related to a power allocation ratio;
determining a power distribution ratio when the interruption probability reaches the minimum, and taking the power distribution ratio as an optimal power distribution ratio;
distributing the power of the RF signals received by the roadside units according to the optimal power distribution ratio.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining a signal-to-noise ratio of a destination node under a DF protocol or an AF protocol according to the channel fading coefficients of the links specifically comprises:
according to the formulaDetermining the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of a target node under the DF protocol; wherein gamma isDRepresenting the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of a destination node under the DF protocol; g0＝|h0|2Obedience parameter is lambda0Index distribution of (a), h0Representing the channel fading coefficients of the source node to destination node link,c denotes an environment-dependent constant, τ denotes a path loss exponent, dSDRepresenting the distance between the source node and the destination node, p representing the power distribution ratio of the wayside unit, η representing the energy conversion efficiency of the wayside unit；g1＝|h1|2Obedience parameter is lambda1Index distribution of (a), h1Representing the channel fading coefficients of the source node to relay node link,dSRrepresents the distance between the source node and the relay node; g2＝|h2|2Obedience parameter is lambda2Index distribution of (a), h2Representing the channel fading coefficients of the relay node to destination node link,dRDrepresenting the distance between the relay node and the destination node; gamma-PS/N0，PSRepresenting the transmission power of the source node, N0Representing the variance of additive white gaussian noise at the relay node and the destination node; μ denotes a coefficient before an additive white gaussian noise variance generated at a destination node due to the RF-to-baseband conversion unit; r correctly represents that the relay node correctly receives the sending signal of the source node; the R error indicates that the relay node erroneously receives the transmission signal of the source node.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the determining a received signal-to-noise ratio of the destination node under the DF protocol or the AF protocol according to the channel fading coefficients of the links specifically comprises:
according to the formula gammaD1＝g0Gamma/(1 + mu) determines the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the destination node in the first time slot under the AF protocol;
according to the formulaDetermining the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the destination node in the second time slot under the AF protocol;
according to the formula gammaD＝γD1+γD2And determining the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the destination node in the whole communication process under the AF protocol.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the analyzing, according to the received signal-to-noise ratio of the destination node, the outage probability of the system cooperative link under the DF protocol or the AF protocol specifically includes:
according to the formulaAnalyzing the interruption probability of a system cooperative link under the DF protocol; the system cooperative link is a cooperative link from a source node to a relay node and then to a destination node; whereinRTRepresenting a target data rate; k1(x) Is a second class of first order modified Bessel function;
5. the method according to claim 4, wherein the analyzing, according to the received signal-to-noise ratio of the destination node, the outage probability of the system cooperative link under the DF protocol or the AF protocol specifically includes:
according to the formulaAnalyzing the interruption probability of a system cooperative link under an AF protocol; wherein a is 1+ 1/(1-rho),
6. the method according to claim 5, wherein the distributing the power of the RF signals received by the roadside units according to the optimal power distribution ratio comprises:
according to the optimal power distribution ratio, the RF signal y received by the roadside unit RR-SIs divided intoAndin whichThe part is used for collecting the energy,and part for information processing.
7. A power distribution system of a roadside unit is characterized in that the roadside unit is applied to a vehicle networking cooperative communication system which comprises a source node, a relay node and a destination node; the source node and the destination node are both mobile vehicle nodes with independent physical positions; the relay node is a passive roadside unit; the wayside unit is capable of RF energy harvesting; the relay node transmits information by using the collected energy; the source node and the destination node carry out information interaction through the relay node; the power distribution system includes:
the channel fading coefficient acquisition module is used for acquiring the channel fading coefficients of all links in the vehicle networking cooperative communication system; the channel fading coefficients of the links comprise channel fading coefficients of links from a source node to a destination node, channel fading coefficients of links from the source node to a relay node and channel fading coefficients of links from the relay node to the destination node;
a receiving signal-to-noise ratio determining module, configured to determine a receiving signal-to-noise ratio of a destination node under the DF protocol or the AF protocol according to the channel fading coefficient of each link;
the interruption probability analysis module is used for analyzing the interruption probability of the system cooperative link under the DF protocol or the AF protocol according to the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the target node; the outage probability is related to a power allocation ratio;
the optimal power distribution ratio determining module is used for determining a power distribution ratio when the interruption probability reaches the minimum, and the power distribution ratio is used as the optimal power distribution ratio;
and the power distribution module is used for distributing the power of the RF signals received by the roadside units according to the optimal power distribution ratio.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the power distribution module comprises:
a power distribution unit for distributing the RF signal y received by the roadside unit R according to the optimal power distribution ratioR-SIs divided intoAndin whichThe part is used for collecting the energy,part is used for processing information; ρ represents a power distribution ratio of the roadside units.
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