CN108599158A - A kind of hierarchy optimization dispatching method and system for more microgrids of fast recovery of power supply after disaster - Google Patents
A kind of hierarchy optimization dispatching method and system for more microgrids of fast recovery of power supply after disaster Download PDFInfo
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- H02J3/005—
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- H02J13/0006—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/008—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks involving trading of energy or energy transmission rights
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/14—Energy storage units
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
- Y04S40/128—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment involving the use of Internet protocol
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of hierarchy optimization dispatching methods and system for more microgrids of fast recovery of power supply after disaster, improve the ability that electric system maintains critical load supply of electric power under Disaster Event, enhancing power grid elasticity：1) when Disaster Event causes electric network fault, microgrid off-the-line is run, and more microgrids form interacted systems in region；2) each microgrid is contributed according to new energy and load prediction data formulates multi-period machine unit scheduling plan using rolling scheduling pattern with cutting load loss and the minimum target of operating cost；3) the coordination mutual assistance that electric power is carried out between interconnection microgrid, realizes global optimization.Important load can be maintained to power to greatest extent after grid collapses using the method for the invention, reduce loss of outage.Dispatching method is layered take into account economy and high efficiency while, the ownership of each microgrid ownership unit of effective guarantee.The quick service restoration that the present invention can be used for after electric power system fault provides practicable decision-making foundation to promote power system restoration power.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to operation and control of electric power system fields, and in particular to a kind of for fast recovery of power supply after disaster
The hierarchy optimization dispatching method and system of more microgrids.
Background technology
Electric system will not only meet normal as the important infrastructure for being related to national security and lifelines of the national economy
Reliable and stable operation under environment, with greater need for necessary function can be maintained when extreme disaster occurs.Frequently occur in recent years
Extreme disaster, such as southern china ice damage in 2008, eastern Earthquakes in Japan in 2011, U.S.'s Sang Di hurricanes in 2012 give electric system
Serious destruction is brought, massive blackout accident is caused, so that the research of power system recovery power is become and pays close attention to both at home and abroad
Important topic.Restoring force is mainly reflected in preparation and prevention of the system before disaster, resisting, absorbing in disaster generating process,
Fast quick-recovery after response, adaptation and disaster generation.The development of distributed energy and microgrid fast quick-recovery after calamity
Angle provides new approaches for restoring force.How under electric power system fault state by Optimal Operation Strategies come maximum limit
Degree ensures that the supply of electric power of important load becomes a good problem to study.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of hierarchy optimization scheduling for more microgrids of fast recovery of power supply after disaster
Method and system, the present invention improve the ability for maintaining critical load supply of electric power under electric power system fault state, enhance power grid bullet
Property.
To achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical schemes：
A kind of more microgrid hierarchy optimization dispatching methods for the fast quick-recovery of electric power system fault afterload, including following step
Suddenly：
1) after extreme event causes electric network fault, microgrid off-the-line is run, and more microgrids form interacted systems in region；
2) first stage, each microgrid is contributed according to new energy and load prediction data, with cutting load loss and operating cost
Minimum target formulates multi-period machine unit scheduling plan using rolling optimization mode；
3) second stage, electric power coordinates mutual assistance scheme between formulating interconnection microgrid, makes to have the microgrid of remaining generating capacity to negative
The microgrid transmission power of lotus electricity shortage, each microgrid updated the machine unit scheduling plan formulated in step 2) and accordingly in lower a period of time
Duan Zhihang is dispatched；
4) judge power grid whether still in malfunction：If failure has been eliminated, microgrid synchronizes and net operation, otherwise
By repetition step 2), 3) until Failure elimination.
As a further improvement on the present invention, first stage each microgrid formulates operation plan and uses rolling time horizon optimization side
Formula is formulated based on the prediction to multi-period regenerative resource and load under the premise of meeting power-balance and each Unit commitment
The schedule of distributed generator, energy storage, load in microgrid.
As a further improvement on the present invention, which is characterized in that step 2) is specially：
The multi-period operation plan of microgrid is established as solution Mixed integer linear programming, in the item for meeting operation constraint
Under part, solving makes cutting load loss and the optimal machine unit scheduling plan of operating cost minimum；Its object function and constraints are such as
Under：
2.1) object function：
In the first stage, the predicted value that each microgrid is contributed according to renewable energy generation with workload demand, is damaged with cutting load
Lose the operation plan that minimum and overall running cost at least formulates unit for optimization aim；Microgrid in interacted system is numbered respectively
1,2 ..., N, for microgrid n, object function is：
In formula：
K indicates that current period, T are optimization duration, and optimal scheduling scheme is formulated in k+1 to k+T-1 time intervals；
Gn, Sn, Lint nThe set of controllable unit, energy storage, interruptible load in n-th of microgrid is indicated respectively；For controllable machine
Group i sends out power in the t periodsWhen the unit interval power generation expense；SUi(t), SDi(t) be controllable unit i in the t periods
It opens, shutdown expenses, expression formula is：
Wherein Ui(t) it is 0,1 variable, indicates operating statuses of the controllable unit i in the t periods, open state is indicated when taking 1,The single startup of respectively controllable unit i, idleness expense；For the unit discharge expense of energy storage device i,For its t periods discharge power；Expense is converted into for the unit excision loss of interruptible load i,For
Its excision power in the t periods；
In formula (1), the 1st, 2,3 be respectively controllable unit i the t periods power generation expense and open, shutdown expenses, the 4th is
Electric discharge expenses of the energy storage device i in the t periods, the 5th load for interruptible load i in the t periods cut off loss；
2.2) constraints：
Power-balance constraint：
Generated energy of the microgrid in day part should be equal to electricity consumption, i.e., for t=k+1 ..., k+T should meet：
In formula：
Gn, Rn, Sn, Limp n, Lint nIt is controllable unit in respectively n-th of microgrid, renewable energy generation, energy storage, important negative
Lotus, interruptible load set；The power sent out in the t periods for controllable unit i；For renewable energy generation i
The predicted value of power is sent out in the t periods；Respectively energy storage device i the t periods charge power and put
Electrical power；Li(t) it is predicted values of the load i in t period demand powers；For interruptible load i the t periods excision
Power；
Controllable Unit commitment：
In formula：
The minimum of respectively controllable unit i, maximum output limitation；Ui(t) be controllable unit i in t
The open state of period；URi、DRiRespectively controllable unit i is limited in the climbing of adjacent time interval output raising and lowering；
Energy storage constrains：
In formula：
For 0,1 variable, energy storage device i is indicated respectively in the electric discharge of t periods, charged state,
Charging and discharging cannot be existed simultaneously in one period, therefore the two cannot be 1 simultaneously；Respectively
Indicate minimum, the maximum discharge power of energy storage device i,For its minimum, maximum charge power,Respectively its charge and discharge power in the t periods；Respectively energy storage device i can be deposited
Minimum, the maximum value of energy storage capacity, Ei(t) it is its energy for being stored in the t periods；Indicate energy storage device i's respectively
Charge and discharge efficiency；
Load constrains：
Above formula indicates that interruptible load i should be not more than the total capacity requirement amount of its prediction in the resection of t periods.
As a further improvement on the present invention, when second stage formulates the power transmission scheme between microgrid, distribution scheduling
Member, which obtains each microgrid residue, can send out power or the information of load excision power, meet power-balance about by mathematic programming methods
Beam, microgrid maximum be exportable/input power constraint and interconnection capacity-constrained under the premise of carry out global optimization.
As a further improvement on the present invention, step 3) is specially：
After the formulation for completing one operation plan of stage, each microgrid is found out according to this plan controllably to generate electricity in the k+1 periods
The also increased maximum output of unitWith the also increased discharge capacity of energy storageOr load resection Ln,k+1；Each microgrid will
The result is uploaded to power distribution network control centre, and control centre is lost with global cutting load and the minimum target of operating cost, passes through
Following mixed integer linear programming models solve to formulate the power transmission scheme of k+1 periods：
3.1) object function：
In formula：
Gn,k+1Increase the optimized variable contributed for k+1 period microgrid n controllable electric generator groups；LSn,k+1For k+1 period microgrids n
The optimized variable of middle interruptible load excision power；Tnm,k+1It is k+1 period microgrid n to the optimized variable of microgrid m transimission powers,
When power transmission direction be m to n when take negative value；Indicate that the unit controllable electric generator of microgrid n increases respectively
The unit interconnection transmission charges of output expense, unit cutting load failure costs and microgrid n, m；
3.2) constraints：
Power-balance constraint：
Formula (15) indicates that each microgrid should all meet the incrementss that controllable electric generator group is contributed and be included in externally output or receive
It is equal to the decrement of load excision after power；
Power and load excision constraint can be issued additional：
0 ＜ ＜ LSN, k+1＜ ＜ Ln,k+1 (17)
Interconnection capacity-constrained：
In formula：
vnmTo indicate 0,1 variable of interconnection state, 1 is taken when carrying out power transmission between microgrid n, m；It is micro-
Net the capacity limit of interconnection between n, m；
After the completion of optimization, cutting load amount that power or needs that each microgrid is issued additional as needed reduce updates the first stage
Operation plan, this plan is executed when the k+1 periods arrive, completes the implementation process of second stage.
A kind of hierarchy optimization for more microgrids of fast recovery of power supply after disaster dispatches system, including communication network and N
The interacted system of a microgrid composition, in the interacted system of N number of microgrid composition, the control centre of each microgrid is in model lower layer,
For the operational management inside corresponding microgrid；Communication network and power tie line are in model upper layer, for data communication and
The transmission of power exchanges between microgrid, realizes system-wide optimization operation；
After extreme event leads to bulk power grid failure, microgrid is mutually contacted from external electrical network off-the-line, multiple microgrid compositions
System；The control centre of each microgrid cuts off minimum and the lowest coursing cost using load and formulates internal machine as object function in the first stage
The power dispatching plan of group；In second stage, power transmission scheme is formulated according to first stage operation plan acquired results, is passed through
There is the microgrid of remaining generating capacity to transmit electric energy to the microgrid of load electricity shortage, optimizes the energy source configuration between microgrid, each microgrid
Control centre is then updated to the machine unit scheduling plan of first stage according to the transmission plan and executive plan；When one, two
After the completion of two benches, external electrical network is judged whether still in malfunction, if external electrical network has restored normal operation, each microgrid
Simultaneously net operation is carried out, otherwise will repeat implement above-mentioned two stage process in subsequent time period.
Preferably, first stage each microgrid formulates operation plan and uses rolling time horizon optimal way, based on to it is multi-period can
Distributed power generation in microgrid is formulated in the prediction of the renewable sources of energy and load under the premise of meeting power-balance and each Unit commitment
Machine, energy storage, load schedule.
Preferably, when second stage formulates the power transmission scheme between microgrid, it is remaining that distribution scheduling person obtains each microgrid
Can send out power or load excision power information, by mathematic programming methods meet power-balance constraint, microgrid maximum can be defeated
Go out/input power constraint and interconnection capacity-constrained under the premise of carry out global optimization.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in：
The present invention uses rolling planning method, and each microgrid is contributed according to new energy and load prediction data, is damaged with cutting load
Mistake and the minimum target of operating cost, multi-period machine unit scheduling plan is formulated using rolling optimization mode；Formulate interconnection microgrid
Between electric power coordinate mutual assistance scheme, make have the microgrid of remaining generating capacity to the microgrid transmission power of load electricity shortage, each microgrid
The machine unit scheduling plan formulated in step 2) is updated accordingly and executes scheduling in subsequent period；Effectively reduce regenerative resource
Influence with load prediction error to decision, while making a plan on multiple periods and can consider the charge and discharge of energy storage
The problems such as arrangement, generating set Climing constant, regenerative resource fluctuation.In addition, bilevel optimization model is applied to by the present invention
Microgrid management and running are interconnected, bilevel optimization model due to the first stage can be preferably ensured each by each microgrid Autonomous Scheduling
The self-management of microgrid realizes with different levels efficient management.Finally, model can be converted into mixed integer linear programming and ask
Topic, has the advantages that calculation amount is small, calculating speed is fast while ensureing effect of optimization, has good practicability, can be in electricity
The load guarantee of net failure provides reasonable proposal with recovery process for dispatcher.It can be sent out in power grid using the method for the present invention
It maintains important load to power to greatest extent after raw failure, reduces loss of outage.Layering dispatching method take into account economy and efficiently
Property while, the ownership of each microgrid ownership unit of effective guarantee.The quick confession that the present invention can be used for after electric power system fault
Electricity restores, and practicable decision-making foundation is provided to promote power system restoration power.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is interconnection microgrid bilevel optimization model structure chart.
Fig. 2 is microgrid bilevel optimization model implementing procedure figure.
Fig. 3 is microgrid interacted system figure；
Fig. 4 is regenerative resource output prognostic chart；
Fig. 5 is load prediction figure；
Fig. 6 is controllable electric generator generating optimization situation map；
Fig. 7 is that energy storage stores electric energy optimizing situation map；
Fig. 8 is the controllable unit output situation map of each microgrid；
Fig. 9 is each microgrid energy storage figure of changing；
Figure 10 is that each microgrid load cuts off situation map.
Specific implementation mode
It elaborates with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples to the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1,2, it is of the present invention it is a kind of be used for electric network fault when load guarantee and recovery interconnection microgrid optimization
Scheduling scheme realizes that load cuts off minimization of loss by multi-zone supervision and two benches Optimized model, improves power grid and cope with calamity
The ability of evil event.
The implementation of interconnection microgrid bilevel optimization model under supply of electric power interruption includes the following steps：
1) after extreme event causes electric network fault, microgrid off-the-line is run, and more microgrids form interacted systems in region；
2) first stage, each microgrid is contributed according to new energy and load prediction data, with cutting load loss and operating cost
Minimum target formulates multi-period machine unit scheduling plan using rolling optimization mode；
3) second stage, electric power coordinates mutual assistance scheme between formulating interconnection microgrid, makes to have the microgrid of remaining generating capacity to negative
The microgrid transmission power of lotus electricity shortage, each microgrid updated the machine unit scheduling plan formulated in step 2) and accordingly in lower a period of time
Duan Zhihang is dispatched.
4) judge power grid whether still in malfunction.If failure has been eliminated, microgrid synchronizes grid-connected equal operation, no
Step 2) will then be repeated, 3) until Failure elimination.
The interconnection microgrid bilevel optimization model structure is as shown in Figure 1.It is each micro- in the interacted system of N number of microgrid composition
The control centre (Microgrid Central Controller, MGCC) of net is in model lower layer, is responsible for inside corresponding microgrid
Operational management；Communication network and power tie line are in model upper layer, are responsible for the biography of power between data communication and microgrid
System-wide optimization operation is realized in defeated exchange.The lower layer of bi-level optimal model and upper layer correspond to the of model specific implementation respectively
One, the two-stage.After extreme event leads to bulk power grid failure, microgrid is interconnected from external electrical network off-the-line, multiple microgrid compositions
System.The MGCC of each microgrid cuts off minimum and the lowest coursing cost using load and formulates internal unit as object function in the first stage
Power dispatching plan；In second stage, power transmission scheme is formulated according to first stage operation plan acquired results, by having
The microgrid of remaining generating capacity transmits electric energy to the microgrid of load electricity shortage, optimizes the energy source configuration between microgrid, each microgrid
MGCC is then updated to the machine unit scheduling plan of first stage according to the transmission plan and executive plan.When one, two liang of rank
After the completion of section, whether external electrical network is judged still in malfunction, if external electrical network has restored normal operation, each microgrid can be with
Simultaneously net operation is carried out, otherwise will repeat implement above-mentioned two stage process in subsequent time period.Related procedure is as shown in Figure 2.Institute
The first layer for stating hierarchy optimization method is used for the Autonomous Scheduling of each microgrid, realizes that the excision of microgrid internal loading and operating cost are minimum
Change；The second layer is used for the global optimization between more microgrids, and system-wide load is realized by the power transmission of interconnection between microgrid
Excision minimizes.
The stage one formulates being described as follows for multi-period machine unit scheduling plan：
The multi-period operation plan of microgrid is established as solution Mixed integer linear programming, is meeting certain operation constraint
Under conditions of, solving makes cutting load loss and the optimal machine unit scheduling plan of operating cost minimum.Its object function and constraint item
Part is as follows：
2.1) object function：
In the first stage, the predicted value that each microgrid is contributed according to renewable energy generation with workload demand, is damaged with cutting load
Lose the operation plan that minimum and overall running cost at least formulates unit for optimization aim.For controllable distributed power generation unit, such as
Miniature gas turbine, diesel-driven generator etc., operating cost mainly include fuel cost, maintenance cost and switching cost, wherein
Power generation expense is made in fuel cost and maintenance expense merging, is approximately the quadratic function for sending out active power, can will be at its piece-wise linearization
Reason.For renewable energy power generation machine, since its source that generates electricity is the natural resources such as wind, light, expense is relatively small, in optimization letter
It is omitted in number.By number 1,2 ... respectively of the microgrid in interacted system, N, for microgrid n, object function is：
In formula：
K indicates that current period, T are optimization duration, and optimal scheduling scheme is formulated in k+1 to k+T-1 time intervals；
Gn, Sn, Lint nThe set of controllable unit, energy storage, interruptible load in n-th of microgrid is indicated respectively；For controllable machine
Group i sends out power in the t periodsWhen the unit interval power generation expense；SUi(t), SDi(t) be controllable unit i in the t periods
It opens, shutdown expenses, expression formula is：
Wherein Ui(t) it is 0,1 variable, indicates operating statuses of the controllable unit i in the t periods, open state is indicated when taking 1,The single startup of respectively controllable unit i, idleness expense.For the unit discharge expense of energy storage device i,For its t periods discharge power；Expense is converted into for the unit excision loss of interruptible load i,For
Its excision power in the t periods；
In formula (1), the 1st, 2,3 be respectively controllable unit i the t periods power generation expense and open, shutdown expenses, the 4th is
Electric discharge expenses of the energy storage device i in the t periods, the 5th load for interruptible load i in the t periods cut off loss.
2.2) constraints：
Power-balance constraint：
Generated energy of the microgrid in day part should be equal to electricity consumption, i.e., for t=k+1 ..., k+T should meet：
In formula：
Gn, Rn, Sn, Limp n, Lint nIt is controllable unit in respectively n-th of microgrid, renewable energy generation, energy storage, important negative
Lotus, interruptible load set；The power sent out in the t periods for controllable unit i；For renewable energy generation i
The predicted value of power is sent out in the t periods；Respectively energy storage device i the t periods charge power and put
Electrical power；Li(t) it is predicted values of the load i in t period demand powers；For interruptible load i the t periods excision
Power.
Controllable Unit commitment：
In formula：
The minimum of respectively controllable unit i, maximum output limitation；Ui(t) be controllable unit i in t
The open state of period；URi、DRiRespectively controllable unit i is limited in the climbing of adjacent time interval output raising and lowering.
Energy storage constrains：
In formula：
For 0,1 variable, energy storage device i is indicated respectively in the electric discharge of t periods, charged state,
Charging and discharging cannot be existed simultaneously in one period, therefore the two cannot be 1 simultaneously；Respectively
Indicate minimum, the maximum discharge power of energy storage device i,For its minimum, maximum charge power,Respectively its charge and discharge power in the t periods；Respectively energy storage device i can be deposited
Minimum, the maximum value of energy storage capacity, Ei(t) it is its energy for being stored in the t periods；Indicate energy storage device i's respectively
Charge and discharge efficiency.
Load constrains：
Above formula indicates that interruptible load i should be not more than the total capacity requirement amount of its prediction in the resection of t periods.
Power transmission scheme is described as follows between the stage two formulates interconnection microgrid：
After the formulation for completing one operation plan of stage, each microgrid is found out according to this plan controllably to generate electricity in the k+1 periods
Unit can be with increased maximum outputIt can be with increased discharge capacity with energy storage(sum of the two is can be defeated
Go out the power to other microgrids) or load resection Ln,k+1(needing the power inputted from other microgrids).Each microgrid is by the knot
Fruit is uploaded to power distribution network control centre, and control centre is lost with global cutting load and the minimum target of operating cost, by following
Mixed integer linear programming model solves to formulate the power transmission scheme of k+1 periods：
3.1) object function：
In formula：
Gn,k+1Increase the optimized variable contributed for k+1 period microgrid n controllable electric generator groups；LSn,k+1For k+1 period microgrids n
The optimized variable of middle interruptible load excision power；Tnm,k+1It is k+1 period microgrid n to the optimized variable of microgrid m transimission powers,
When power transmission direction be m to n when take negative value；Indicate that the unit controllable electric generator of microgrid n increases respectively
The unit interconnection transmission charges of output expense, unit cutting load failure costs and microgrid n, m.
3.2) constraints：
Power-balance constraint：
Formula (15) indicates that each microgrid should all meet the incrementss that controllable electric generator group is contributed and be included in externally output or receive
It is equal to the decrement of load excision after power.
Power and load excision constraint can be issued additional：
0 ＜ ＜ LSn,k+1＜ ＜ Ln,k+1 (17)
Interconnection capacity-constrained：
In formula：
νnmTo indicate 0,1 variable of interconnection state, 1 is taken when between microgrid n, m power transmission can be carried out；
The capacity limit of interconnection between microgrid n, m.
After the completion of optimization, cutting load amount that power or needs that each microgrid is issued additional as needed reduce updates the first stage
Operation plan, this plan is executed when the k+1 periods arrive, completes the implementation process of second stage.
Certain microgrid interacted system figure is as shown in Figure 3.Five microgrids according to radial distribution mode by point of common coupling with match
Power grid connects, after distribution network failure, microgrid and external electrical network off-the-line, microgrid two-by-two between interconnection be closed composition interacted system.
MG, MT, ESS, PV, WT indicate microgrid, miniature gas turbine (controllable electric generator), energy storage, photovoltaic, wind turbine respectively.Controllable power generation
The power generation expense quadratic function coefficient of machine, maximum, minimum load, Climing constant are as shown in table 1.The unit discharge expense of energy storage,
Capacity, maximum electric discharge, charge power are as shown in table 2.Regenerative resource is contributed and load prediction difference is as shown in Figure 4,5, wherein
Photovoltaic and wind power output peak value are respectively 0.5MW, 0.6MW, and important load number is 11,24,31,42,51, peak value 0.3MW,
Remaining load is interruptible load, and peak value 0.4MW, unit excision loss penalty factor 120$/MWh (can be important according to load
Degree setting).Assuming that external electrical network failure is happened at 12：00—21：00, microgrid is 12：00 off-the-line forms interacted system, and starts
Implement aforementioned layering outage management model.
1. controllable electric generator group data of table
| A (s $/MWh2) | B ($/MWh) | C ($) | Pmax(MW) | Pmin(MW) | DR/UR(MW) |
| 0.0268 | 30.122 | 4.02 | 0.5 | 0.02 | 0.25 |
2. energy storage device data of table
| Unit discharge expense (＄/MWh) | Maximum capacity (MWh) | Pdch,max(MW) | Pch,max(MW) |
| 20 | 0.6 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
It is as follows to be layered outage management model implementation steps：
Step 1：Each microgrid formulates first stage operation plan, and each period is taken as 1 hour, and it is small that plan duration T is set as 9
When.By taking microgrid 1 as an example, according to formula (1)-(13), 12：To section 12 when 00：00-21：The 00 unit operation plan formulated is such as
Shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 7：
Microgrid 2,3,4,5 formulates machine unit scheduling plan in the same fashion, 12：Each microgrid is in time interval 12 when 00:00-
21：The operation plan of controllable electric generator group, energy storage and load is summarized as shown in Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10 on 00 9 periods.
Step 2：Power transmission scheme between formulation microgrid.
Each microgrid finds out the operation plan of step 1 12 first：00-13：00 result generated is simultaneously uploaded to power distribution network tune
Degree center, solution procedure are as follows：
In the period 12：00—13：In 00, there is cutting load situation in microgrid 2 and microgrid 3, and cutting load amount is respectively
93.65kW and 263.79kW.In microgrid 1 controllable electric generator MT11 and MT12 the period output power be respectively 111.26kW and
100kW, not up to maximum output, since Climing constant is 250MW, two generating set maximums can issue additional output altogether
500kW；The planned outcome of microgrid 4,5 is similarly acquired, as shown in table 3.
3. each microgrid of table is 12：00—13：00 planned outcome
As can be seen from Table 3,12：00-13：00 needs from microgrid Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, 5 to 2,3 transmission power of microgrid come reduce cut it is negative
Lotus loses.When power distribution network control centre develops programs,The Monomial coefficient of the controllable unit generation cost function of each microgrid is taken,Microgrid energy storage device unit discharge expense is taken,The average value of the excision failure costs of specific load in microgrid is taken, between each microgrid
Interconnection transmission costIt uniformly takes 10$/MW, interconnection maximum capacity to take 250kW, according to formula (14)-(18), formulates micro-
Power transmission scheme is as follows between net：
4. power transmission scheme of table
Each microgrid is updated according to this scheme 12：00-13：Operation plan when 00 and executive plan.Pass through work(between microgrid
Rate is transmitted, 12：00-13：The load resection of microgrid 2,3 is reduced to 0 when 00, realizes global optimization.It arrives in subsequent period,
I.e. 13：Again implement above-mentioned steps one, two when 00, until distribution network failure is eliminated.
In conclusion more micro-grid system combined dispatchings when the method for the present invention can be efficiently applied to electric network fault, most
Limits ensure the supply of electric power of important load, improve power system recovery power.
Protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, if
If to the various changes that carry out of the present invention and deformation belong to the claims in the present invention ask and equivalent technologies within the scope of, the present invention's
It is intended to including also including these changes and deforming.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of more microgrid hierarchy optimization dispatching methods for the fast quick-recovery of electric power system fault afterload, which is characterized in that
Include the following steps：
1) after extreme event causes electric network fault, microgrid off-the-line is run, and more microgrids form interacted systems in region；
2) first stage, each microgrid is contributed according to new energy and load prediction data, minimum with cutting load loss and operating cost
For target, multi-period machine unit scheduling plan is formulated using rolling optimization mode；
3) second stage, electric power coordinates mutual assistance scheme between formulating interconnection microgrid, makes to have the microgrid of remaining generating capacity to be supplied to load
The insufficient microgrid transmission power of electricity, each microgrid update the machine unit scheduling plan formulated in step 2) and are held in subsequent period accordingly
Row scheduling；
4) judge power grid whether still in malfunction：If failure has been eliminated, microgrid synchronizes and net operation, otherwise will weigh
Multiple step 2), 3) until Failure elimination.
2. a kind of hierarchy optimization dispatching party for more microgrids of fast recovery of power supply after disaster according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：First stage each microgrid formulates operation plan and uses rolling time horizon optimal way, based on to it is multi-period can be again
The prediction of the raw energy and load, formulated under the premise of meeting power-balance and each Unit commitment distributed generator in microgrid,
Energy storage, load schedule.
3. a kind of hierarchy optimization dispatching party for more microgrids of fast recovery of power supply after disaster according to claim 2
Method, which is characterized in that step 2) is specially：
The multi-period operation plan of microgrid is established as solution Mixed integer linear programming, in the condition for meeting operation constraint
Under, solving makes cutting load loss and the optimal machine unit scheduling plan of operating cost minimum；Its object function and constraints are as follows：
2.1) object function：
In the first stage, the predicted value that each microgrid is contributed according to renewable energy generation with workload demand, most with cutting load loss
Small and overall running cost is at least the operation plan that optimization aim formulates unit；By number 1 respectively of the microgrid in interacted system,
2 ..., N, for microgrid n, object function is：
In formula：
K indicates that current period, T are optimization duration, and optimal scheduling scheme is formulated in k+1 to k+T-1 time intervals；Gn, Sn,
Lint nThe set of controllable unit, energy storage, interruptible load in n-th of microgrid is indicated respectively；Exist for controllable unit i
The t periods send out powerWhen the unit interval power generation expense；SUi(t), SDi(t) be controllable unit i in the opening of t periods, stop
Expense, expression formula are：
Wherein Ui(t) it is 0,1 variable, indicates operating statuses of the controllable unit i in the t periods, open state is indicated when taking 1,The single startup of respectively controllable unit i, idleness expense；For the unit discharge expense of energy storage device i,For its t periods discharge power；Expense is converted into for the unit excision loss of interruptible load i,For
Its excision power in the t periods；
In formula (1), the 1st, 2,3 be respectively controllable unit i the t periods power generation expense and open, shutdown expenses, the 4th be energy storage
Electric discharge expenses of the device i in the t periods, the 5th load for interruptible load i in the t periods cut off loss；
2.2) constraints：
Power-balance constraint：
Generated energy of the microgrid in day part should be equal to electricity consumption, i.e., for t=k+1 ..., k+T should meet：
In formula：
Gn, Rn, Sn, Limp n, Lint nControllable unit in respectively n-th of microgrid, renewable energy generation, energy storage, important load, can
The set of interruptible load；The power sent out in the t periods for controllable unit i；It is renewable energy generation i in t
Section sends out the predicted value of power；Charge powers and electric discharge work(of the respectively energy storage device i in the t periods
Rate；Li(t) it is predicted values of the load i in t period demand powers；For interruptible load i the t periods excision power；
Controllable Unit commitment：
In formula：
The minimum of respectively controllable unit i, maximum output limitation；Ui(t) be controllable unit i in the t periods
Open state；URi、DRiRespectively controllable unit i is limited in the climbing of adjacent time interval output raising and lowering；
Energy storage constrains：
In formula：
For 0,1 variable, indicate energy storage device i in the electric discharge of t periods, charged state, at one respectively
Charging and discharging cannot be existed simultaneously in period, therefore the two cannot be 1 simultaneously；It indicates respectively
Minimum, the maximum discharge power of energy storage device i,For its minimum, maximum charge power,Respectively its charge and discharge power in the t periods；Respectively energy storage device i can be deposited
Minimum, the maximum value of energy storage capacity, Ei(t) it is its energy for being stored in the t periods；Indicate energy storage device i's respectively
Charge and discharge efficiency；
Load constrains：
Above formula indicates that interruptible load i should be not more than the total capacity requirement amount of its prediction in the resection of t periods.
4. a kind of hierarchy optimization dispatching party for more microgrids of fast recovery of power supply after disaster according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：When second stage formulates the power transmission scheme between microgrid, distribution scheduling person obtains each microgrid residue can
Send out power or load excision power information, by mathematic programming methods meet power-balance constraint, microgrid maximum it is exportable/
Global optimization is carried out under the premise of input power constraint and interconnection capacity-constrained.
5. a kind of hierarchy optimization dispatching party for more microgrids of fast recovery of power supply after disaster according to claim 4
Method, which is characterized in that step 3) is specially：
After the formulation for completing one operation plan of stage, each microgrid is found out according to this plan in k+1 period controllable electric generator groups
Also increased maximum outputWith the also increased discharge capacity of energy storageOr load resection Ln,k+1；Each microgrid should
As a result it is uploaded to power distribution network control centre, control centre is lost with global cutting load and the minimum target of operating cost, under
The solution of mixed integer linear programming model is stated to formulate the power transmission scheme of k+1 periods：
3.1) object function：
In formula：
Gn,k+1Increase the optimized variable contributed for k+1 period microgrid n controllable electric generator groups；LSN, k+1For can in k+1 period microgrids n
Interruptible load cuts off the optimized variable of power；TNm, k+1It is k+1 period microgrid n to the optimized variable of microgrid m transimission powers, works as work(
Rate transmission direction be m to n when take negative value；It indicates that the unit controllable electric generator of microgrid n increases respectively to contribute
The unit interconnection transmission charges of expense, unit cutting load failure costs and microgrid n, m；
3.2) constraints：
Power-balance constraint：
Formula (15) indicates that each microgrid should all meet the incrementss that controllable electric generator group is contributed and be included in externally output or receive power
It is equal to the decrement of load excision afterwards；
Power and load excision constraint can be issued additional：
0 ＜ ＜ LSn,k+1＜ ＜ Ln,k+1 (17)
Interconnection capacity-constrained：
In formula：
νnmTo indicate 0,1 variable of interconnection state, 1 is taken when carrying out power transmission between microgrid n, m；For microgrid n, m
Between interconnection capacity limit；
After the completion of optimization, cutting load amount that power or needs that each microgrid is issued additional as needed reduce updates the tune of first stage
Degree plan, this plan is executed when the k+1 periods arrive, completes the implementation process of second stage.
6. a kind of hierarchy optimization for more microgrids of fast recovery of power supply after disaster dispatches system, which is characterized in that including leading to
The interacted system of communication network and N number of microgrid composition, in the interacted system of N number of microgrid composition, the control centre of each microgrid is in
Model lower layer, for the operational management inside corresponding microgrid；Communication network and power tie line are in model upper layer, are used for data
The transmission of power exchanges between communication and microgrid, realizes system-wide optimization operation；
After extreme event leads to bulk power grid failure, microgrid forms interacted system from external electrical network off-the-line, multiple microgrids；
The control centre of first stage each microgrid cuts off minimum and the lowest coursing cost using load and formulates internal unit as object function
Power dispatching plan；In second stage, power transmission scheme is formulated according to first stage operation plan acquired results, it is surplus by having
The microgrid of remaining generating capacity transmits electric energy to the microgrid of load electricity shortage, optimizes the energy source configuration between microgrid, each microgrid control
Center is then updated to the machine unit scheduling plan of first stage according to the transmission plan and executive plan；When one, two liang of rank
After the completion of section, whether external electrical network is judged still in malfunction, if external electrical network has restored normal operation, each microgrid carries out
And net operation, it otherwise will repeat to implement above-mentioned two stage process in subsequent time period.
7. a kind of hierarchy optimization scheduling system for more microgrids of fast recovery of power supply after disaster according to claim 1
System, it is characterised in that：First stage each microgrid formulates operation plan and uses rolling time horizon optimal way, based on to it is multi-period can be again
The prediction of the raw energy and load, formulated under the premise of meeting power-balance and each Unit commitment distributed generator in microgrid,
Energy storage, load schedule.
8. a kind of hierarchy optimization scheduling system for more microgrids of fast recovery of power supply after disaster according to claim 1
System, it is characterised in that：When second stage formulates the power transmission scheme between microgrid, distribution scheduling person obtains each microgrid residue can
Send out power or load excision power information, by mathematic programming methods meet power-balance constraint, microgrid maximum it is exportable/
Global optimization is carried out under the premise of input power constraint and interconnection capacity-constrained.
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| CN111769557A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-10-13 | 福州大学 | Emergency power supply device and method capable of being used in large-range disaster continuation |
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Application publication date: 20180928 |