CN108596372A - Long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate formulates aid decision-making system and method - Google Patents
Long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate formulates aid decision-making system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rates to formulate aid decision-making system and method.The system includes：Model module, views module and controller module, controller module are connect with model module and views module respectively, and model module includes that forecast of traffic volume submodule, cost accounting submodule and freight rate formulate submodule；Controller module obtains the input information of user by views module, is asked to judge handle using which model module according to the user in input information, feeds back to which views module shows output information after processing again.The present invention can utilize forecast of traffic volume submodule, cost accounting submodule and freight rate to formulate submodule, the forecast of traffic volume of smallclothes goods handling, cost accounting and freight rate in long-distance passenger transportation are formulated and carry out aid decision, realizes the informationization and intelligence of smallclothes cargo transport in long-distance passenger transportation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to information systems technology field more particularly to a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate systems
Determine aid decision-making system and method.
Background technology
Smallclothes fast freight refers to the smallclothes row packet or article for originating passenger station and entrusting passenger or consignor, passes through bus luggage
Cabin, originating and arriving at and transport row packet article to destination passenger station in company with regular bus, and by destinastion station passenger station by express mail article
Deliver the service of addressee.
Aid decision-making system is aid decision person by data, model and knowledge, and half structure is carried out with man-machine interaction mode
The computer application system of change or non-structural decision.It is MIS (Management Information System, management letter
Breath system) to higher level-one develop and generate advanced information management system.It provides problem analysis for policymaker, establishes mould
The environment of type, Simulation and Decision process and scheme calls various information resources and analysis tool, aid decision making person to improve level of decision-making
And quality.
The infrastructure and the market expansion of high ferro and inter-city passenger rail cause the passenger flow of Public Long-Distance Highway Passenger to be lost in so that visitor
Fortune station shift rate of actual loading declines year by year.And the fast development of e-commerce so that fast transportation industry is extremely concerned, highway smallclothes
Rapid rail freight transportation is increasingly becoming one of important profit model of passenger station.
Currently, smallclothes fast freight enterprise of China is faced with the process to make the transition from traditional logistics industry to modern logistics industry, but
Smallclothes fast freight information level of the enterprise is generally relatively low, and the smallclothes fast freight management system of most enterprise includes only simple waybill pipe
The basic functions such as reason, arrival management, item record inquiry.And passenger station is still more inflexible for the formulation of fast freight tariff, together
The general region-by-region circuit of Express firm, partite transport are formulated freight rate up to the time limit and are compared, and the attraction to the source of goods is lacked.
Realize between Public Long-Distance Highway Passenger generalized information management, especially passenger station and passenger station, passenger station and transport it is public
Between department, passenger station and intergovernmental information interconnection and intercommunication, need the basic info-tech of each role, each department universal to answer
With.In addition, shipping parcels fast freight is on pricing practice, existing scholar begins to focus on highway shipping parcels fast freight market, propose at
Sheet and freight theory research, but still lack the practical solution being applied in reality, market validation, fortune price could not be obtained
Main body is indefinite, can not be in conjunction with the freight rate for actually making suitable Enterprise Transportation business development, it would be highly desirable to integrate Rate system, formulate
Provide competitive price system.On the other hand, the IT application of service at Public Long-Distance Highway Passenger station is gradually being unfolded, and related goes through
The excavation of history data is used with integration still belongs to blank.
Therefore, it is necessary to which the information intelligence in conjunction with highway transportation basic business develops, high-quality price is formulated seeking
Attract shipping freight volume among the balance of passenger station profit maximization, designs and develop based on forecast of traffic volume, cost accounting, freight rate
The aid decision-making system of formulation solves the problems, such as to meet in shipping parcels fast freight business development, i.e., the unification formulated lacking freight rate
Standard, data mining are solved with still belonging to blank this two large problems with integrating.
Invention content
The embodiment provides a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rates to formulate aid decision-making system
And method, to solve the problems in above-mentioned background technology.
To achieve the goals above, this invention takes following technical solutions：
An aspect of of the present present invention provides a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate formulation aid decision system
System.
A kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate that the embodiment of the present invention provides formulates aid decision-making system,
It is characterized in that, the system includes：Model module, views module and controller module, the controller module respectively with it is described
Model module is connected with the views module；
The model module, for storing, handle data, including：Forecast of traffic volume submodule, cost accounting submodule and
Freight rate formulates submodule, formulates the forecast of traffic volume of smallclothes goods handling, cost accounting and freight rate in long-distance passenger transportation carry out respectively
Calculation process；
The views module for display data and carries out user's interaction, obtains the input information of user, and to user
Show information needed；
The controller module, the processing for carrying out service logic, according to the use received in the views module
Family input information judges to be handled using which of model module submodule, and information is fed back by treated
To the views module.
Preferably,
The forecast of traffic volume submodule obtains whole station for being counted to the waybill data accumulated in operation flow
And the history year volume of goods transported quantity of different routes, as initial data；
The influence index that can be had an impact to freight volume in time span of forecast is chosen, and inputs the specific shadow in these influence indexs
Ring factor data；
Combined circuit feature takes corresponding prediction model to carry out forecast of traffic volume, draws forecast of traffic volume figure, and shows detailed
Numerical value, for the variation tendency of operating personnel's assessment prediction freight volume.
Preferably, the prediction model includes at least one or more of following model：Time series forecasting, recurrence
Analysis prediction or gray prediction；
The time series forecasting uses exponential smoothing, the exponential smoothing to utilize current period actual observation value
Exponential smoothing value of the weighted average of the same a period of time phase index smooth value as current period, and so on, utilize time series
Extrapolate the predicted value of future period；
Using double smoothing, linear equation is established, realizes that the numerical prediction of future period, calculation formula are：
In formula, α is smoothing factor,For single exponential smoothing value,For double smoothing value；
Prediction model is：
In formula, btSlope when for the time being t.
Preferably,
The cost accounting submodule, for carrying out typing and system to variable cost item project and variable cost data
Meter；To being fixed into this item project typing and statistics are carried out with fixed cost data；According to depreciation computational methods, when calculating different
Between the corresponding cost volume of length；
The account cost of future anticipation phase is calculated, the account cost includes：The fixed cost of future anticipation phase and variation
Cost, the fixed cost of the future anticipation phase is calculated by progress asset column to be obtained, the variable cost of the future anticipation phase
It is obtained by trend prediction.
Preferably, the depreciation computational methods include：Straightline method of depreciation and accelerated depreciation method；
The straightline method of depreciation, for carrying out depreciation calculating, the first kind fixed assets packet to first kind fixed assets
It includes：Auxiliary type fixed assets and management tool subtract estimated net residual value using the original value of fixed assets, then divided by use year
Limit, calculation formula are as follows：
In formula, C (t)1kFor first kind kth item fixed assets t fixed costs, D (t)1kIt is fixed for first kind kth item
Assets t depreciation costs, A1kFor the first kind kth item original value of fixed assets, B1kIt is estimated for first kind kth item fixed assets
Net residual value, T1kFor the first kind kth item service life of fixed assets；
The accelerated depreciation method, for carrying out depreciation calculating to the second class fixed assets, the second class fixed assets are
Mechanical equipment fixed assets, calculation formula are as follows：
C(t)2k=D (t)2k=(A2k-B2k)·dt (5)
In formula, C (t)2kFor the second class kth item equipment t fixed costs, D (t)2kFor the second class kth item equipment t
Depreciation cost A2kFor the second class kth item original value of fixed assets, B2kFor the estimated net residual value of the second class kth item fixed assets, t is
This equipment years already spent, dtFor this equipment t yearly depreciations, T is this equipment optimal depreciable life.
Preferably, the freight rate formulates submodule, including：Freight rate designated model based on freight volume and cost and based on fortune
The freight rate designated model of defeated demand curve；
The freight rate designated model based on freight volume and cost：Early period is drawn by Information Entropy and evaluation index into row line
Divide and cost sharing takes averge cost pricing and marginal cost price to be calculated respectively based on hot line and cold line；
The freight rate designated model based on transportation demand curve：For different line features, transportation demand amount is built
Curvilinear function between freight rate calculates freight rate and prospective earnings value under maximum revenue.
Preferably, the model module further includes：Authentication submodule, for carrying out identity to internal administrative staff
Certification.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate formulation aid decision side
Method.
A kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate that the embodiment of the present invention provides formulates aid decision-making system
Application method, which is characterized in that this method includes：
User is consulted small by the views module on Internet, router and firewall access Web server
Part fast freight information simultaneously submits online waybill；
Internal control personnel enter the aid decision-making system, after carrying out authentication, into operation pages, pass through institute
State controller module processing business logic, call corresponding function sub-modules in the model module, to database server into
Row business operation, the scene for completing smallclothes fast freight accept business and handle the operation of the online waybill of network.
Preferably, the internal control personnel enter the aid decision-making system, after carrying out authentication, into behaviour
Make the page, by the controller module processing business logic, calls corresponding function sub-modules, logarithm in the model module
Business operation is carried out according to library server, the scene for completing smallclothes fast freight accepts business and handles the operation of the online waybill of network, packet
It includes：
Into the operation pages of forecast of traffic volume, pattern die forecast of traffic volume submodule in the block is called, it is right according to year
The freight volume information of smallclothes fast freight is inquired, and freight volume information over the years is increased, deleted and changed, when freight volume information over the years
After typing is complete, prediction technique is selected, obtains the time-freight volume line chart of forecast of traffic volume result；
The operation pages that entering cost is calculated, call pattern die cost accounting submodule in the block, according to start-stop year
Part retrieved, select " year " or " season " or " moon " as minimum time span, enumerate amount of depreciation in time range, variation at
This and totle drilling cost, acquisition calculate future according to the variation tendency of start-stop the depreciation time and variable cost item of fixed assets item
2 years value at costs and line charts；
The operation pages formulated into freight rate call pattern die freight rate in the block to formulate submodule, selection year, line
Road and pricing method, when selection formulates model based on the freight rate of freight volume and cost, the real-time oil price of advance typing, expected profit
Rate, and other data are read from the forecast of traffic volume submodule and the cost accounting submodule, obtain the unit of the circuit
Average cost pricing and unit marginal cost pricing are filled out in advance when freight rate of the selection based on freight volume-price curve formulates model
Three groups or three groups or more of freight volume-price data table is write, matched curve, fit equation and the optimal unit fortune of demand price are obtained
Valence, and unit of display average cost pricing and unit marginal cost pricing are as a comparison.
The embodiment of the present invention is based on MVC pattern it can be seen from the technical solution that embodiments of the invention described above provide, if
The aid decision-making system formulated based on forecast of traffic volume, cost accounting, freight rate is counted and developed, effectively Public Long-Distance Highway Passenger station is helped to do
Go out Rational Decision, promotes management level, enhance one's market competitiveness.The present invention may also be combined with Internet technology and realize shipping networking,
Fully excavate the market potential of highway shipping parcels fast freight.
The additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will be set forth in part in the description, these will become from the following description
Obviously, or practice through the invention is recognized.
Description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill of field, without having to pay creative labor, other are can also be obtained according to these attached drawings
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of shipping parcels fast freight service handling flow chart of Public Long-Distance Highway Passenger provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention formulates aid decision system
The system architecture diagram of system；
Fig. 3 is that a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention formulates aid decision system
The network topological diagram of system；
Fig. 4 is that a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention formulates aid decision system
The caller figure of the Secondary Exponential Smoothing Method of system；
Fig. 5 is that a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention formulates aid decision system
The realization programme diagram of the Secondary Exponential Smoothing Method of system；
Fig. 6 is that a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention formulates aid decision system
The forecast of traffic volume surface chart of system；
Fig. 7 is that a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention formulates aid decision system
The forecast of traffic volume result interface figure of system；
Fig. 8 is that a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention formulates aid decision system
The composite life method depreciation algorithm routine figure of system；
Fig. 9 is that a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention formulates aid decision system
The sum of the years digits method depreciation algorithm routine figure of system；
Figure 10 is that a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention formulates aid decision
The cost accounting surface chart of system；
Figure 11 is that a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention formulates aid decision
The cost accounting result interface figure of system；
Figure 12 is that a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention formulates aid decision
The freight rate of system formulates surface chart；
Figure 13 is that a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention formulates aid decision
The process chart of method；
Figure 14 is that a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention formulates aid decision
The structure diagram of system.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiments of the present invention are described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein from beginning
Same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions are indicated to same or similar label eventually.Below by ginseng
The embodiment for examining attached drawing description is exemplary, and is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the claims.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless expressly stated, singulative " one " used herein, " one
It is a ", " described " and "the" may also comprise plural form.It is to be further understood that is used in the specification of the present invention arranges
It refers to there are the feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or component, but it is not excluded that presence or addition to take leave " comprising "
Other one or more features, integer, step, operation, element, component and/or their group.It should be understood that when we claim member
Part is " connected " or when " coupled " to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to other elements, or there may also be
Intermediary element.In addition, " connection " used herein or " coupling " may include being wirelessly connected or coupling.Wording used herein
"and/or" includes any cell of one or more associated list items and all combines.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technology art
Language and scientific terminology) there is meaning identical with the general understanding of the those of ordinary skill in fields of the present invention.Should also
Understand, those terms such as defined in the general dictionary, which should be understood that, to be had and the meaning in the context of the prior art
The consistent meaning of justice, and unless defined as here, will not be with idealizing or the meaning of too formal be explained.
For ease of the understanding to the embodiment of the present invention, done further by taking several specific embodiments as an example below in conjunction with attached drawing
Explanation, and each embodiment does not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment one
An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate formulate aid decision-making system and
Method helps Public Long-Distance Highway Passenger station to make Rational Decision, promotes management level, enhances one's market competitiveness, fully excavate highway
The market potential of shipping parcels fast freight.
The one side of the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate and formulates auxiliary and determines
Plan system.
A kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention formulates aid decision-making system knot
Structure block diagram is as shown in figure 14, which includes：Model module, views module and controller module, the controller module difference
It is connect with the model module and the views module.
The particular content of each module of the system is as follows：
(1) model module
Model module, for storing, handle data, including：Forecast of traffic volume submodule, cost accounting submodule and freight rate system
Stator modules formulate the forecast of traffic volume of smallclothes goods handling, cost accounting and freight rate in long-distance passenger transportation carry out at operation respectively
Reason.Model module further includes：Authentication submodule, for carrying out authentication to internal administrative staff.Model module can be adopted
The access procedure of database is handled with Hibernate technologies.
A, forecast of traffic volume submodule
Forecast of traffic volume submodule includes：The waybill data accumulated in operation flow are counted, whole station and difference are obtained
The history year volume of goods transported quantity of route, as initial data；The influence that freight volume has an impact can be referred to by choosing in time span of forecast
Mark, and input the specific influence factor data in these influence indexs；Combined circuit feature takes corresponding prediction model to carry out
Forecast of traffic volume draws forecast of traffic volume figure, and shows detailed numerical value, for the variation tendency of operating personnel's assessment prediction freight volume.
Prediction model includes at least one or more of following model：Time series forecasting, linear regression or ash
Color is predicted.
Time series forecasting uses exponential smoothing, the exponential smoothing the same using current period actual observation value
Exponential smoothing value of the weighted average of a period of time phase index smooth value as current period, and so on, it is calculated using time series
Go out the predicted value of future period.
Using double smoothing, linear equation is established, realizes that the numerical prediction of future period, calculation formula are：
In formula, α is smoothing factor,For single exponential smoothing value,For double smoothing value.
Prediction model is：
In formula, btSlope when for the time being t.
B, cost accounting submodule
Cost accounting submodule, including：Typing and statistics are carried out to variable cost item project and variable cost data；To solid
It is fixed to carry out typing and statistics at this item project and fixed cost data；According to depreciation computational methods, different time length is calculated
Corresponding cost volume；The account cost of future anticipation phase is calculated, the account cost includes：The fixed cost of future anticipation phase and
Variable cost, the fixed cost of the future anticipation phase is calculated by progress asset column to be obtained, the variation of the future anticipation phase
Cost is obtained by trend prediction.
Depreciation computational methods, including：Straightline method of depreciation and accelerated depreciation method.
Straightline method of depreciation, for carrying out depreciation calculating to first kind fixed assets, the first kind fixed assets include：It is auxiliary
Help type fixed assets and management tool, subtract estimated net residual value using the original value of fixed assets, then divided by service life, calculate
Formula is as follows：
In formula, C (t)1kFor first kind kth item fixed assets t fixed costs, D (t)1kIt is fixed for first kind kth item
Assets t depreciation costs, A1kFor the first kind kth item original value of fixed assets, B1kIt is estimated for first kind kth item fixed assets
Net residual value, T1kFor the first kind kth item service life of fixed assets.
The accelerated depreciation method, for carrying out depreciation calculating to the second class fixed assets, the second class fixed assets are
Mechanical equipment fixed assets, calculation formula are as follows：
C(t)2k=D (t)2k=(A2k-B2k)·dt (5)
In formula, C (t)2kFor the second class kth item equipment t fixed costs, D (t)2kFor the second class kth item equipment t
Depreciation cost A2kFor the second class kth item original value of fixed assets, B2kFor the estimated net residual value of the second class kth item fixed assets, t is
This equipment years already spent, dtFor this equipment t yearly depreciations, T is this equipment optimal depreciable life.
C, freight rate formulates submodule
Freight rate formulates submodule, including：Freight rate designated model based on freight volume and cost：Early period passes through Information Entropy and evaluation
Index is divided into row line and cost sharing, is based on hot line and cold line, takes averge cost pricing and marginal cost fixed respectively
Valence method is calculated；Freight rate designated model based on transportation demand curve：For different line features, structure transportation demand amount and
Curvilinear function between freight rate calculates freight rate and prospective earnings value under maximum revenue.
(2) views module
Views module for display data and carries out user's interaction, obtains the input information of user, and show institute to user
Need information.Views module is to be presented to user using Bootstrap frames.
(3) controller module
Controller module, the processing for carrying out service logic are inputted according to the user received in the views module
Information judges to be handled using which of model module submodule, and will treated that information feeds back to is described
Views module.Controller module has used Struts frames to carry out the processing of service logic.
In terms of system architecture, this system is also conceivable to replace JAVA using PHP development languages, using in the world more
Common LAMP (Linux+Apache+Mysql+Php) development frame.
The another aspect of the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate formulation auxiliary
Decision-making technique.
A kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention formulates aid decision-making method
Process chart is as shown in figure 13, and this method includes：
S131：User is looked into small by the views module on Internet, router and firewall access Web server
Part fast freight information simultaneously submits online waybill.
S132：Internal control personnel enter the aid decision-making system, after carrying out authentication, into operation pages,
By the controller module processing business logic, corresponding function sub-modules in the model module are called, database is taken
Business device carries out business operation, and the scene for completing smallclothes fast freight accepts business and handles the operation of the online waybill of network.
(1) operation pages for entering forecast of traffic volume, call pattern die forecast of traffic volume submodule in the block, according to year
The freight volume information of smallclothes fast freight is inquired, and freight volume information over the years is increased, deleted and changed, when freight volume over the years is believed
After breath typing is complete, prediction technique is selected, obtains the time-freight volume line chart of forecast of traffic volume result.
(2) operation pages that entering cost is calculated, call pattern die cost accounting submodule in the block, according to start-stop
Time is retrieved, and selects " year " or " season " or " moon " as minimum time span, enumerates the amount of depreciation in time range, changes
Cost and totle drilling cost obtain the variation tendency of start-stop the depreciation time and variable cost item according to fixed assets item, calculate not
Come 2 years value at costs and line chart.
(3) enter the operation pages that freight rate is formulated, call pattern die freight rate in the block to formulate submodule, select year
Degree, circuit and pricing method, when selection formulates model based on the freight rate of freight volume and cost, the real-time oil price of advance typing, expection
Profit margin, and other data are read from the forecast of traffic volume submodule and the cost accounting submodule, obtain the circuit
Average cost per unit is fixed a price and unit marginal cost pricing, when freight rate of the selection based on freight volume-price curve formulates model, in advance
Three groups or three groups or more of freight volume-price data table is first filled in, matched curve, fit equation and the optimal list of demand price are obtained
Position freight rate, and unit of display average cost pricing and unit marginal cost pricing are as a comparison.
Embodiment two
This embodiment offers a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rates to formulate aid decision-making system, the system
Application background be shipping parcels fast freight in Public Long-Distance Highway Passenger, the complete smallclothes fast freight acceptance procedure in a coach station
As shown in Figure 1, specific as follows：
(1) owner of cargo fills in basal needs according to transport protocol AT STATION, mainly include ship-to, kinds of goods attribute, whether
It the information such as supports value.
(2) cargo is by the equipment such as the weighbridge and tape measure side of weighing, after carrying out packaging matching, weight, volume attribute and phase
Freightage information is answered to automatically return to service handling client port by sensing.
(3) service handling person prints above- mentioned information typing shipping parcels fast freight management information system containing freightage information
Acceptance form.
(4) after the owner of cargo holds acceptance form payment, fee-collector prints cargo tag, waybill to the owner of cargo, and wherein cargo tag is to goods information
Summary go out the intuitive management of storage containing kinds of goods name, item quantity, the starting station and terminal information convenient for cargo.Waybill is then
Complete information is consigned including cargo attribute, means of payment etc..
(5) cargo is carried out safety check and carries storage, arrival by delivery back office force after cargo tag is pasted in cargo outer packing
Administrator's typing cargo is to storehouse information.
(6) shipping parcels is fitted into corresponding haulage vehicle by management and running person in time, and prints cargo handing-over list.
(7) assembling-loading plan that delivery field force assigns according to dispatcher arranges cargo and joins list, warehouse is gone to carry
Goods, delivery of cargo administrator verify document, supervise delivery of cargo process, the outbound information of typing cargo.
(8) delivery field force instructs loader that cargo is attached to specified vehicle, and carries out cargo core with car driver
Pair and handing-over.
(9) cargo transport is reached terminal, and consignee is delivered, and entire operation flow terminates.
The system includes model module, views module and controller module, and whole system framework is as shown in Fig. 2, be based on MVC
(Model-View-Controller, model-view-controller) design pattern, mainly use Java language, B/S patterns,
Bootstrap front end frames, Struts add Hibernate frames to carry out development.The design pattern of MVC makes the defeated of system
Enter, handle and export to be separated, when optimizing user using interface, no longer needs to modification service logic, cause the unnecessary time
Consumption.Model module is sometimes referred as the components for storing, handling data, and model module object is then applied to number in database
According to access；Views module is display data, realizes the part of user's interaction, and the request that user is submitted is transmitted to controller
Processing；Controller module is asked according to the user received commonly used in obtaining the input information of user to judge which is used
A model treatment feeds back to which view shows output information again after processing.
Wherein, Hibernate technologies are applied to handle the access procedure of database, controller module in terms of model module
Aspect is to have used Struts frames to carry out the processing of service logic, is come using Bootstrap frames in terms of views module
It is presented to user.
The network topological diagram of this system is as shown in figure 3, pass through the deployment of router and fire wall in the aid decision-making system
To ensure that the safety of data content transmission process, public user can be accessed by Internet, router and fire wall
System web server consults information and online waybill, internal control personnel is submitted after carrying out authentication, can then to realize
To the business operation of database server, the operation behavior of shipping parcels fast freight related service is completed, including scene accepts business
With the processing online waybill of network.
The model module of the system includes that forecast of traffic volume, cost accounting and freight rate formulate three function sub-modules, is realized
The Core Feature of aid decision.
(1) forecast of traffic volume principle and the function of forecast of traffic volume submodule are realized
The aid decision-making system of Public Long-Distance Highway Passenger station shipping parcels fast freight business is unfolded around freight rate decision, need to integrate point
Analyse its whole aid decision factor.Wherein, freight volume is one of the important factor in order that freight rate is formulated, and station should be according to not collinear
Road, different cycles freight volume changes in demand, in time float adjustment transport price, to improve the income of shipping parcels fast freight, thus
Forecast of traffic volume is one of basic function of aid decision-making system.
This system middle freight volume prediction submodule mainly completes work and is：It unites to the waybill data accumulated in operation flow
Meter obtains whole station and the history year volume of goods transported quantity of different routes, as initial data；Choosing can be to freight volume in time span of forecast
The influence indexs such as the economic development, the degree of contention that have an impact, and input these influence factor data；Combined circuit feature, point
It does not take the different prediction models such as time series method, regression analysis, grey method to carry out forecast of traffic volume, draws forecast of traffic volume
Figure, and show detailed numerical value, for the variation tendency of operating personnel's assessment prediction freight volume.
Wherein, the representative algorithm of forecast of traffic volume is as follows：The one kind of exponential smoothing as the method for time series forecasting, it is main
If the weighted average for obtaining the same a period of time phase index smooth value of current period actual observation value is only referred to as current period
Number smooth value, and so on, realize that time series calculates the predicted value of future period.Using double smoothing, straight line is established
Equation realizes the numerical prediction of future period.Its calculation formula is：
In formula,For single exponential smoothing value,For double smoothing value.
Prediction model is：
It presents a rapidly rising trend in conjunction with the variation of smallclothes fast freight freight volume, this system is quasi- to carry out freight volume using Secondary Exponential Smoothing Method
Analysis prediction, the realization code in aid decision-making system is as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
Forecast of traffic volume function is realized as follows：" forecast of traffic volume " in click menu column " aid decision " can enter forecast of traffic volume
The page, the page can be inquired according to year, and by clicking【Addition】、【It deletes】、【Modification】Button believes freight volume over the years
Breath progress additions and deletions, which change, looks into, and fills in people and bound with system account.After freight volume data input over the years is complete, suitable prediction is selected
Method, and click【Forecast of traffic volume】Button, you can enter forecast of traffic volume results page.Forecast of traffic volume interface is as shown in Figure 6.
Into forecast of traffic volume results page, intuitively show that the line chart of freight volume, horizontal dotted line are average value in the page, when
Mouse, which moves to different year, can show that corresponding freight volume, the miscellaneous function in the upper right corner include to draw auxiliary line, switching column diagram, preserve
For picture etc., click【It returns】Then return to forecast of traffic volume interface.Forecast of traffic volume result interface is as shown in Figure 7.
(2) cost accounting principle and the function of cost accounting submodule are realized
In the aid decision factor of Public Long-Distance Highway Passenger station shipping parcels fast freight business, cost also has freight rate formulation
Important influence.The formulation of freight rate should be at least above the operation cost of station shipping parcels fast freight business, certain to obtain
Profit, otherwise will result in lasting loss, it is hard to carry on to eventually lead to station related service.Therefore, cost accounting is auxiliary
One of the basic function of decision system is helped, station can calculate shipping parcels fast freight business relevant cost by system, to assist
Realize transport price decision.
Shipping parcels fast freight business relevant cost item can be divided into variable cost item and be fixed into this item.Personal expenditures, repair
Expense, operation indirect expense etc. are the variable cost during the operation of passenger station, can be obtained by every directly superposition；And depreciation cost
With referring to the amortization charge of fixation means equipment in the production process of passenger station, as being carried out obtained by calculating and distilling depreciation to fixed assets,
Also referred to as fixed cost.
The cost accounting submodule of this system will realize following major function：Variable cost item project name, annual cost,
The typing of the data such as monthly cost and statistics；Fixed assets title, quantity, buying cost, net residual value, service life, start-stop year
The typing of the data such as the moon, the depreciation method and statistics；According to the different depreciation methods, to fixed assets progress calculating and distilling depreciation, and with
Variable cost is added, and obtains different years, season, monthly cost volume；Asset column core is taken for the fixed cost of time span of forecast
It obtains, variable cost then carries out certain trend prediction, to obtain the account cost of future anticipation phase.
Wherein, it is as follows to represent algorithm realization for cost accounting：
Straightline method of depreciation：Auxiliary type fixed assets and two class of management tool in use, are consumed by the volume of goods transported and work
It is smaller to make intensity effect, first kind depreciation of fixed assets can be classified as.Such depreciation, which may be used, shares more flat mean of mean
Time limit method.Subtract estimated net residual value, then divided by service life using the original value of fixed assets.Calculation formula is：
In formula：C(t)1kFor first kind kth item fixed assets t fixed costs, D (t)1kIt is fixed for first kind kth item
Assets t depreciation costs, A1kFor the first kind kth item original value of fixed assets, B1kIt is estimated for first kind kth item fixed assets
Net residual value, T1kFor the first kind kth item service life of fixed assets.
Accelerated depreciation method：Mechanical equipment fixed assets can generate certain mechanical loss, after influencing with time stepping method
The working efficiency of phase, and maintenance cost cumulative year after year can be classified as the second class depreciation of fixed assets, be suitble to carry folding using meter early period
Old more accelerated depreciation method, by taking sum of the years digits method as an example.
C(t)2k=D (t)2k=(A2k-B2k)·dt (5)
In formula：C(t)2kFor the second class kth item equipment t fixed costs, D (t)2kFor the second class kth item equipment t
Depreciation cost, t are this equipment years already spent；dtFor this equipment t yearly depreciations, T is this equipment optimal depreciable life.
The program of composite life method depreciation algorithm and sum of the years digits method depreciation algorithm is realized as shown in FIG. 8 and 9.
Cost accounting function is realized as follows：" cost accounting " in click menu column " aid decision " can be with entering cost core
Calculate the page, which can be retrieved according to the start-stop time, top can select " year ", " season ", " moon " as minimum time across
Degree, enumerates amount of depreciation, variable cost and the totle drilling cost in time range, data are taken from " variable cost " and " fixed assets "
Entry item.In addition to this, it clicks【Cost accounting】Button, can entering cost accounting results page.Cost accounting interface is as schemed
Shown in 10.
Entering cost calculates results page, and other than the statistics of value at cost over the years, system can also be according to fixed assets item
The variation tendency of start-stop depreciation time and variable cost item calculate following 2 years value at costs, draw line chart.Cost accounting
Result interface is as shown in figure 11.
(3) freight rate formulates principle and freight rate formulates the function realization of submodule
Cargo transport price is affected by many factors, to formulate rational freight rate mechanism, needs to influencing Price Impact
Key factor is analyzed.Influence factor can be generally divided into two classes, and internal factor is mainly cargo transport cost, including highway
Coach station and van line's two parts；External factor then bears energy comprising transport market demand, race condition, the owner of cargo
Power and national policy etc..
With reference to forecast of traffic volume and cost accounting, the rational of transport price may be implemented, it is intended to seek and formulate high-quality valence
Lattice are to reach the more shipping freight volumes of attraction, meet the targets such as service operation cost and passenger station profit maximization.
Freight rate formulates submodule and mainly realizes that function is as follows：Freight rate decision based on freight volume and cost, passes through entropy early period
Method and evaluation index take averge cost pricing and limit respectively into row line division and cost sharing based on hot line and cold line
Cost-oriented pricing is calculated.Freight rate decision based on transportation demand curve builds transportation demand amount for different line features
Curvilinear function between freight rate calculates freight rate and prospective earnings value under maximum revenue.
It is as follows that freight rate formulates function realization：" freight rate formulation " in click menu column " aid decision " can enter freight rate system
Determine the page, select year, circuit, pricing method in this page, system can choose corresponding annual, circuit forecast of traffic volume value and
Cost accounting value calculates freight rate.It is as shown in figure 12 that freight rate formulates interface.
When pricing method selection " formulating model based on the freight rate of freight volume and cost ", real-time oil price, expected profit margin need
Advance typing, other data can read from system traffic and cost module, fill in finish and directly click【It calculates】Button is
It can get the average cost per unit price and unit marginal cost pricing of the circuit.
When pricing method selection " freight rate based on freight volume-price curve formulates model ", also need additionally to fill at least three
Group freight volume-price data, for being fitted demand price curve.After all data are filled in, click【It calculates】System provides afterwards
Fit equation and optimal minimum charge, and unit of display average cost pricing and unit marginal cost pricing are as a comparison.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：
(1) it is that shipping parcels fast freight establishes arm's length pricing mechanism and provides fundamental basis and application platform.
Aid decision-making system provided by the invention formulates model method in conjunction with a variety of forecast of traffic volume, cost accounting and freight rate,
Not only it had had studied suitable for the pricing mechanism of smallclothes rapid rail freight transportation in Public Long-Distance Highway Passenger, but also has provided information system as will be theoretical
The platform being applied in practical business intergrates with practice important in inhibiting to shipping parcels fast freight Domain Theory.
(2) freight rate is adjusted flexibly in auxiliary passenger station, improves occupation rate of market and the market competitiveness.
Aid decision-making system provided by the invention is sent to freight volume, the competitiveness of different regions circuit according to passenger station, carries out
Cost sharing accounting and transport price are formulated, and can be sub-divided into year, season, the moon to which freight rate be adjusted flexibly, fully be attracted goods
The occupation rate of market and the market competitiveness of highway shipping parcels fast freight are improved in source.
(3) freight volume and cost data are analyzed, aid decision suggestion is given, promotes management level.
The freight rate that aid decision-making system provided by the invention is applied not only to shipping parcels fast freight is formulated, and forecast of traffic volume is also equipped with
With cost accounting function, data support is provided for the decision process of management level, promotes passenger station management level.Wherein, freight volume is pre-
Each circuit freight volume variation tendency that can be monitored entire passenger station and its be sent to is surveyed, for the larger advantage circuit of freight volume and fortune
The characteristics of measuring smaller disadvantage circuit is analyzed, and different Expansion strategies are taken, and promotes the market share；Cost accounting then can be with
Count the relevant every cost payout of passenger station shipping parcels fast freight business, wherein the depreciation method comprising fixed assets choose with
And the record over the years of variable cost, stringent control is given for unreasonable cost payout, passenger station shipping parcels can be reduced
The overall cost of operation of fast freight business improves business revenue profit margin.
In conclusion design pattern of the embodiment of the present invention by using MVC, realizes operation upgrading and the letter of intranet and extranet
Breath is shared, can settle accounts report generation etc. into system user rights management, delivery business integrated process and the statistics on line,
Submodule is formulated using forecast of traffic volume submodule, cost accounting submodule and freight rate, shipping parcels in long-distance passenger transportation is transported respectively
Forecast of traffic volume, cost accounting and the freight rate sent, which are formulated, carries out aid decision, provides decision support for business personnel, realizes passenger on long-distance routes
The informationization and intelligence of smallclothes cargo transport in fortune.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that：Attached drawing is the schematic diagram of one embodiment, module in attached drawing or
Flow is not necessarily implemented necessary to the present invention.
As seen through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that the present invention can
It is realized by the mode of software plus required general hardware platform.Based on this understanding, technical scheme of the present invention essence
On in other words the part that contributes to existing technology can be expressed in the form of software products, the computer software product
It can be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disc, CD, including some instructions are used so that a computer equipment
(can be personal computer, server either network equipment etc.) executes the certain of each embodiment of the present invention or embodiment
Method described in part.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, identical similar portion between each embodiment
Point just to refer each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.Especially for device or
For system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, so describing fairly simple, related place is referring to method
The part of embodiment illustrates.Apparatus and system embodiment described above is only schematical, wherein the conduct
The unit that separating component illustrates may or may not be physically separated, the component shown as unit can be or
Person may not be physical unit, you can be located at a place, or may be distributed over multiple network units.It can root
According to actual need that some or all of module therein is selected to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.Ordinary skill
Personnel are without creative efforts, you can to understand and implement.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with scope of the claims
Subject to.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate formulates aid decision-making system, which is characterized in that the system includes：
Model module, views module and controller module, the controller module respectively with the model module and the views module
Connection；
The model module, for storing, handle data, including：Forecast of traffic volume submodule, cost accounting submodule and freight rate
Submodule is formulated, the forecast of traffic volume of smallclothes goods handling, cost accounting and freight rate in long-distance passenger transportation is formulated carry out operation respectively
Processing；
The views module for display data and carries out user's interaction, obtains the input information of user, and show to user
Information needed；
The controller module, the processing for carrying out service logic are defeated according to the user received in the views module
Enter information, judge to be handled using which of model module submodule, and information feeds back to institute by treated
State views module.
2. long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate according to claim 1 formulates aid decision-making system, feature
It is：
The forecast of traffic volume submodule obtains whole station and not for being counted to the waybill data accumulated in operation flow
With the history year volume of goods transported quantity of route, as initial data；
Choose in time span of forecast influence index that freight volume can be had an impact, and input in these influence indexs it is specific influence because
Prime number evidence；
Combined circuit feature takes corresponding prediction model to carry out forecast of traffic volume, draws forecast of traffic volume figure, and shows number in detail
Value, for the variation tendency of operating personnel's assessment prediction freight volume.
3. long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate according to claim 2 formulates aid decision-making system, feature
It is, the prediction model includes at least one or more of following model：Time series forecasting, linear regression or
Gray prediction；
The time series forecasting uses exponential smoothing, the exponential smoothing the same using current period actual observation value
Exponential smoothing value of the weighted average of a period of time phase index smooth value as current period, and so on, it is calculated using time series
Go out the predicted value of future period；
Using double smoothing, linear equation is established, realizes that the numerical prediction of future period, calculation formula are：
In formula, α is smoothing factor,For single exponential smoothing value,For double smoothing value；
Prediction model is：
In formula, btSlope when for the time being t.
4. long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate according to claim 1 formulates aid decision-making system, feature
It is：
The cost accounting submodule, for carrying out typing and statistics to variable cost item project and variable cost data；It is right
It is fixed into this item project and carries out typing and statistics with fixed cost data；According to depreciation computational methods, it is long to calculate different time
Spend corresponding cost volume；
The account cost of future anticipation phase is calculated, the account cost includes：The fixed cost and variable cost of future anticipation phase,
The fixed cost of the future anticipation phase show that the variable cost of the future anticipation phase is by becoming by carrying out asset column accounting
Gesture prediction obtains.
5. long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate according to claim 4 formulates aid decision-making system, feature
It is, the depreciation computational methods include：Straightline method of depreciation and accelerated depreciation method；
The straightline method of depreciation, for carrying out depreciation calculating to first kind fixed assets, the first kind fixed assets include：It is auxiliary
Help type fixed assets and management tool, subtract estimated net residual value using the original value of fixed assets, then divided by service life, calculate
Formula is as follows：
In formula, C (t)1kFor first kind kth item fixed assets t fixed costs, D (t)1kFor first kind kth item fixed assets
T depreciation costs, A1kFor the first kind kth item original value of fixed assets, B1kIt is expected net residual value for first kind kth item fixed assets,
T1kFor the first kind kth item service life of fixed assets；
The accelerated depreciation method, for carrying out depreciation calculating to the second class fixed assets, the second class fixed assets are machinery
Equipment class fixed assets, calculation formula are as follows：
C(t)2k=D (t)2k=(A2k-B2k)·dt (5)
In formula, C (t)2kFor the second class kth item equipment t fixed costs, D (t)2kFor the second class kth item equipment t depreciations
Take A2kFor the second class kth item original value of fixed assets, B2kFor the estimated net residual value of the second class kth item fixed assets, t is this
Equipment years already spent, dtFor this equipment t yearly depreciations, T is this equipment optimal depreciable life.
6. long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate according to claim 1 formulates aid decision-making system, feature
It is, the freight rate formulates submodule, including：Freight rate designated model based on freight volume and cost and it is based on transportation demand curve
Freight rate designated model；
The freight rate designated model based on freight volume and cost：Early period by Information Entropy and evaluation index into row line divide with
Cost sharing is based on hot line and cold line, averge cost pricing and marginal cost price is taken to be calculated respectively；
The freight rate designated model based on transportation demand curve：For different line features, transportation demand amount and fortune are built
Curvilinear function between valence calculates freight rate and prospective earnings value under maximum revenue.
7. long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate according to claim 1 formulates aid decision-making system, feature
It is, the model module further includes：Authentication submodule, for carrying out authentication to internal administrative staff.
8. a kind of long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate formulates the application method of aid decision-making system, wanted applied to right
Seek 1-7 any one of them systems, which is characterized in that this method includes：
It is fast to consult smallclothes by the views module on Internet, router and firewall access Web server by user
Fortune information simultaneously submits online waybill；
Internal control personnel enter the aid decision-making system, after carrying out authentication, into operation pages, pass through the control
Device resume module service logic processed calls corresponding function sub-modules in the model module, to database server into industry
Business operation, the scene for completing smallclothes fast freight accept business and handle the operation of the online waybill of network.
9. long-distance passenger transportation smallclothes fast freight cost accounting freight rate according to claim 8 formulates aid decision-making method, feature
It is, the internal control personnel enter the aid decision-making system, after carrying out authentication, into operation pages, lead to
The controller module processing business logic is crossed, corresponding function sub-modules in the model module are called, to database service
Device carries out business operation, and the scene for completing smallclothes fast freight accepts business and handles the operation of the online waybill of network, including：
Into the operation pages of forecast of traffic volume, pattern die forecast of traffic volume submodule in the block is called, according to year to smallclothes
The freight volume information of fast freight is inquired, and freight volume information over the years is increased, deleted and changed, when freight volume data input over the years
After complete, prediction technique is selected, obtains the time-freight volume line chart of forecast of traffic volume result；
Entering cost calculate operation pages, call pattern die cost accounting submodule in the block, according to the start-stop time into
Row retrieval, selects " year " or " season " or " moon " as minimum time span, enumerate amount of depreciation in time range, variable cost and
Totle drilling cost obtains the variation tendency of start-stop the depreciation time and variable cost item according to fixed assets item, calculates 2 years following
Value at cost and line chart；
The operation pages formulated into freight rate call pattern die freight rate in the block to formulate submodule, selection year, circuit and
Pricing method, when selection formulates model based on the freight rate of freight volume and cost, the real-time oil price of advance typing, expected profit margin, and
Read other data from the forecast of traffic volume submodule and the cost accounting submodule, obtain the circuit unit it is average at
This price and unit marginal cost pricing are pre-filled with three groups when freight rate of the selection based on freight volume-price curve formulates model
Or three groups or more of freight volume-price data table, matched curve, fit equation and the optimal minimum charge of demand price are obtained, and
Unit of display average cost pricing and unit marginal cost pricing are as a comparison.
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| CN112862413A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-05-28 | 普洛斯科技(重庆)有限公司 | Checking method and device for carrying orders, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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