CN108595855A - A kind of function system model building method based on improvement generalized directed graph - Google Patents

A kind of function system model building method based on improvement generalized directed graph Download PDF

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CN108595855A
CN108595855A CN201810399515.1A CN201810399515A CN108595855A CN 108595855 A CN108595855 A CN 108595855A CN 201810399515 A CN201810399515 A CN 201810399515A CN 108595855 A CN108595855 A CN 108595855A
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product
directed graph
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王美慧
吕川
周栋
涂美霞
刘曦
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Beihang University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of based on the function system model building method for improving generalized directed graph, including:Demand according to user to product carries out stratification decomposition to the system function of product, obtains the Function Decomposition result comprising function father node, function child node;According to the realizability of function, it is determined to that the repertoire element that product advantageous effect plays process is explicitly described;According to identified repertoire element, the several body function mathematical model that can reflect product function is established;According to the relationship between the several body function mathematical model and individual function mathematical model, constructing function system mathematic model;According to the Function Decomposition result and the function system mathematical model, the improvement generalized directed graph model of function system is established.

Description

A kind of function system model building method based on improvement generalized directed graph
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of function system model building method based on improvement generalized directed graph, specifically, being a kind of By means of the expression-form of improved generalized directed graph, come establish function system expression model method.
Background technology
Often there are a variety of incidence relations in the inside of complex product, pass through hardware connection, function association etc. pair between component External performance when product works has an impact.In order to better understand, manage and use product, it is necessary to establish perfect production Product system model.
Compared with other models, functional mode can reflect the original that the operation logic of system and system external performance generate Cause contains all calculating process in system, once product breaks down, project is fast by the functional mode of detailed product Speed determines failure cause, and convenient for design, user of service quickly establishes effective solution scheme.
Existing functional mode can be divided into flow structure functional mode and layered structure functional mode.Wherein, flow structure work( Energy model can describe systems at different levels to be played the role of during general objective is realized, but for how to realize systemic mesh Mark lacks explanation means, and less for distinguishing the primitive of function in model, to complicated diversity system function modeling problem Applicability is poor.Although layered structure functional mode gives the composition of each functional hierarchy of system, but lack the effect between function Relationship can not embody the mechanism of function.Moreover, all lacking in existing functional mode can be combined with product physical Design The relationship information got up has certain restriction effect to the conversion from design of product function to physics realization, while also unfavorable In the subsequent independent use of function module.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of based on the function system model building method for improving generalized directed graph, it is main It is to be provided to establish the functional mode required in Configuration design and the feature path of the service stage reconstruct in equipment Design stage A kind of method of modeling
The present invention's is a kind of based on the function system model building method for improving generalized directed graph, including:
Demand according to user to product carries out stratification decomposition to the system function of product, obtains saving comprising function father The Function Decomposition result of point, function child node;
According to the realizability of function, the repertoire for being determined to be explicitly described product advantageous effect performance process is wanted Element;
According to identified repertoire element, the several body function mathematical model that can reflect product function is established;
According to the relationship between the several body function mathematical model and individual function mathematical model, constructing function system System mathematical model;
According to the Function Decomposition result and the function system mathematical model, the improvement broad sense for establishing function system is oriented Graph model.
Preferably the repertoire element includes:Function body B, function port P, input/output I/O constrain item Part C transmits medium Me and functional status S.
Preferably, each individual function mathematical model F={ B, P, I/O, C, Me, S }.
Preferably, the function system mathematical model Fsys={ B, P, I/O, C, Me, S, R }, wherein R are individual function numbers Learn the relationship between model.
Preferably, the generalized directed graph element for improving generalized directed graph model includes:A kind of node, directed edge, two Class node and relationship map.
Preferably, in the improvement generalized directed graph model, the function body B in function system mathematical model corresponds to A kind of node in the generalized directed graph element;Input/output, environmental constraints in function system mathematical model and transmission matchmaker Be situated between the directed edge corresponded in the generalized directed graph element;Function port in function system mathematical model corresponds to described wide Two class nodes in adopted digraph element;Functional relationship in function system mathematical model corresponds to the generalized directed graph element Middle relationship map.
Preferably, described to include to the system function progress stratification decomposition of the Requirements on Product of product according to user:
According to the logic association degree LR between function, the geometry associativity degree GR between function carrier, the function input/output degree of association IOR determines function degree of correlation Rc=f (LR, GR, IOR)=α LR+ β GR+ γ IOR, 0≤α, beta, gamma≤1, and alpha+beta+γ=1;
According to function association degree RcStratification decomposition is carried out to function, wherein in the decomposability of each function and the function Portion degree of association RcIt is inversely proportional.
Preferably, described that the system function progress stratification decomposition of the Requirements on Product of product is also wrapped according to user It includes:
When carrying out stratification decomposition to function, using product general function as the function father node of functional tree, by product point Function child node of the function as functional tree, to form functional tree.
Preferably, the function corresponding to the method for realizing function father node determines the work(of function father node next stage It can child node.
Preferably, the function corresponding to the method for the function child node for realizing functional tree upper level determines that its is next The function child node of grade.
Compared with the existing technology, advantageous effects of the invention include:
A) present invention is fully described the important category that function is shown in the process in realization from the angle of functional connotation Property, it is clear for defining for different function;
B) present invention realizes product function model and physical model structure by the inlet port element in functional mode Upper unification, the functional structure relationship to establishing system comprehensively play important function;
C) present invention deeply portrayed by the interactively between function in system, for carry out function remodeling design with Using creating advantage.
Description of the drawings
The structure flow chart of Fig. 1 function system models;
System function decomposition process figures of the Fig. 2 based on means tree;
The correspondence of element and function mathematical modeling element in the improved generalized directed graphs of Fig. 3;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram for the product tree that the present invention is analyzed using electric screw driver as example;
Fig. 5 is the product abstraction function schematic diagram that the present invention is determined using electric screw driver as example;
Fig. 6 is the present invention using electric screw driver as the product of example major function-method exploded view;
Fig. 7 is the present invention using electric screw driver as the product complete function exploded view of example;
Fig. 8 is the present invention using electric screw driver as the mapping relations schematic diagram of the product function of example and physical arrangement;
Fig. 9 is the present invention using electric screw driver as the product function network based on generalized directed graph of example;
Figure 10 is a kind of schematic diagram based on the function system model building method for improving generalized directed graph of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Figure 10 shows that the present invention's is a kind of based on the function system model building method for improving generalized directed graph, packet It includes:
Demand according to user to product carries out stratification decomposition to the system function of product, obtains saving comprising function father The Function Decomposition result of point, function child node;
According to the realizability of function, the repertoire for being determined to be explicitly described product advantageous effect performance process is wanted Element;
According to identified repertoire element, the several body function mathematical model that can reflect product function is established;
According to the relationship between the several body function mathematical model and individual function mathematical model, constructing function system System mathematical model;
According to the Function Decomposition result and the function system mathematical model, the improvement broad sense for establishing function system is oriented Graph model.
Preferably the repertoire element includes:Function body B, function port P, input/output I/O constrain item Part C transmits medium Me and functional status S.
Wherein, each individual function mathematical model F={ B, P, I/O, C, Me, S }.The function system mathematical model Fsys={ B, P, I/O, C, Me, S, R }, wherein R are the relationships between individual function mathematical model.
Wherein, the generalized directed graph element of improvement generalized directed graph model includes:A kind of node, directed edge, two class nodes And relationship map.In the improvement generalized directed graph model, the function body B in function system mathematical model corresponds to described A kind of node in generalized directed graph element;Input/output, environmental constraints in function system mathematical model and transmission medium pair Directed edge in generalized directed graph element described in Ying Yu;Function port in function system mathematical model, which corresponds to the broad sense, to be had The two class nodes into pel element;Functional relationship in function system mathematical model, which corresponds in the generalized directed graph element, closes System's mapping.
Specifically, described carry out stratification decomposition packet according to user to the system function of the Requirements on Product of product It includes:It is true according to the logic association degree LR between function, the geometry associativity degree GR between function carrier, function input/output degree of association IOR Determine function degree of correlation Rc=f (LR, GR, IOR)=α LR+ β GR+ γ IOR, 0≤α, beta, gamma≤1, and alpha+beta+γ=1;According to function Degree of association RcStratification decomposition is carried out to function, wherein the decomposability of each function and function internal correlation degree RcIt is inversely proportional.
The present invention's carries out stratification decomposition to the system function of the Requirements on Product of product according to user and further includes:Right When function carries out stratification decomposition, using product general function as the function father node of functional tree, divide function as function product The function child node of tree, to form functional tree.
In particular, function of the present invention corresponding to the method for realizing function father node determines one under function father node The function child node of grade.Function corresponding to the method for the function child node for realizing functional tree upper level determines that its is next The function child node of grade.
In conclusion the present invention by function is defined and intension analysis disclose function essence and its element, face The improvement generalized directed graph model of function system is established to Function Decomposition result.
In addition, the present invention is analyzed by the realization process to function, the essence and its element of function are disclosed.This The essence for inventing the function of disclosing is a kind of advantageous effect.The element for the function that the present invention discloses includes function body, work( It can port, input/output, constraints, transmission medium and functional status.The present invention towards Function Decomposition the result is that work( The decomposition result for the system function that energy method tree method obtains after being improved.The function system of the present invention has relevance Function is by organically combining the system constituted.The improvement generalized directed graph model foundation of the present invention is in four-tuple.The present invention couple The analysis of the realization process of function include the excitation of function, the transmission of function, the carrying of function, function realization condition.In work( In the element of energy, function port is the pumping for the linkage interface that function carrier is interacted with extraneous (environment or other carriers) As indicating that there is two-value.The improvement that the present invention carries out means tree refers to introducing and function during Function Decomposition The corresponding physics realization information of implementation method establishes function-method-physics realization joint hierarchical model.The present invention's has Relevance include function logic association and physical interconnection.The logic association of the present invention includes conditional relationship, sequential relationship, inhibition Relationship.The physical interconnection of the present invention refers to the input/output association between function.The present invention function port two-value, be Referring to function port value has variable (port 0) and fixed (port 1) two-value.
The above method of the present invention is described in detail with reference to specific example.
Step 1, Function Decomposition
1. Function Decomposition criterion
The main object between the logical associations between by function and the carrier for realizing function of Function Decomposition process and result Manage the influence of relevance.Wherein, the physical interconnection between carrier can be divided into again carrier geometric relativity and function input/it is defeated Go out correlation.Function Decomposition process will follow following principle:
Ensure the completeness that the subfunction set under each decomposition level realizes system function;
Keep the relative independentability of function description;
Control decomposing maximizes;
Common exemplary functions are referred to.
Logical associations between function
When carrying out Functional Design using modularization idea, the correlation between module will directly affect Function Decomposition knot Fruit.Function module correlation description such as subordinate list 1.
Influence of 1 functional independence of table to Function Decomposition
Geometric relativity between function carrier
When carrying out Function Decomposition to existing procucts, the association between function carrier on space, geometric configuration also can be right Function Decomposition process has an impact.Geometric relativity description such as subordinate list 2 between function carrier.
Geometric relativity description between 2 function carrier of table
Function inputs/export correlation
Input/output correlation refers to that there are the transitive relations of energy stream, information flow or material stream between function.In contrast, The correlation is minimum for the influence degree of Function Decomposition, but still needs to due regard to.It is such as attached that function inputs/export correlation description Table 3.
Physical correlation between 3 different function carrier of table
Geometry associativity degree GR, the common structures of function input/output degree of association IOR between the logic association degree LR of function, carrier At functional dependency appraisement system.Two function degree of correlation Rc=f (LR, GR, IOR)=α LR+ β GR+ γ IOR, 0≤α, beta, gamma ≤ 1, and alpha+beta+γ=1, each degree of association coefficient of correspondence are required to determine by designer according to system performance.RcIt is worth bigger, function Correlation is stronger, is more possible to can not be split function treatment as one in Function Decomposition.Rc=α LR+ β GR+ γ IOR.
2. pair system function is decomposed using means tree, obtain comprising the functional hierarchy knot including implementation method Structure, and result is mapped to corresponding stratification physical arrangement.
Means tree decomposes system function using top-down method.It is primarily based on domain knowledge, will be System Function Decomposition is several possible implementation methods, and method corresponds to different entities in actual design.For implementation method, after It is continuous to be broken down into several points of functions, continue to solve a point function, until meeting design requirement.
In decomposable process, it is possible to create several different Function Decomposition schemes correspondingly generate several different physics Implementation method.Accordingly, it is possible to occur the presence of the function (group) of being unsatisfactory for the requirement of the function degree of correlation in a certain hierachical decomposition result, this When need by increase emerge in large numbers function and/or carry out function merge adjustment decomposition result.
Step 2, the mathematical modeling of function system
The function of product refers to the advantageous effect that product can play.Therefore, functional mode should include embody function can Realisation whole elements, while wanting clearly to describe the performance process of advantageous effect.Functional mode can be divided into individual again Functional mode and function system model.Wherein, function system is made of several organic associated individual functions, i.e. function system mould Type by individual function model and its between relationship constitute.
Realize that relevant element includes function body B (Body), function port P (Port), input/output with individual function I/O (Input/Output), constraints C (Constraint), medium Me (Medium) and functional status S is transmitted (State)。
Function body is the physical carrier body for realizing function, there is specific corresponding entity structure.
Function port is the abstract representation for the linkage interface that function carrier is interacted with extraneous (environment or other carriers). Whether intact when function carrier is disconnected with the external world according to port, function port is divided into variable port, and (P=0, can be lossless Disconnect) and fixed port (P=1, disconnection need to destroy port).
Input/output is that excitation/effect that function is realized embodies, and connection function is also acted as during function is realized.
Constraints refers to the environmental constraints that function is had an effect, and reflects the restrictive condition during function is realized, than Such as environment temperature.
It is the medium for containing the physical quantity to change during function to transmit medium, be in addition to input stimulus, The prerequisite that function is realized.
Functional status uses two-dimensional array [s1s2] indicate, two parameter respectively represents the degenerate state and use state of function. s1Value range [0,1], 0 indicates functional fault, and 1 indicates that function is intact, s1Value reduces as functional deterioration degree is deepened; s2Value range [0,1] increases the proportion of utilization of function as numerical value increases.
The mathematical model of each individual function obtained by Function Decomposition can be expressed as F=B, P, I/O, C, Me, S }, the model of function system can be expressed as Fsys={ B, P, I/O, C, Me, S, R }.Wherein R is functional relationship.
Step 3 is established function system and is improved broad sense based on Function Decomposition result and the mathematical model of function system Directed Graph Model
In conjunction with the relation information between the physical entity information and function collected in decomposable process, the improvement of function system is established Generalized directed graph model.
Improved generalized directed graph is defined in a four-tuple,Element point in four-tuple The logical relation between a kind of node N, directed edge L, two class node P and a kind of node in other corresponding diagram maps Ψ.It improves Generalized directed graph in element and function system mathematical model inscape correspondence such as attached drawing 3.
Below using electric screw driver as example, the volume above method of the present invention is described in detail.
First, the product structure of electric screw driver is decomposed.By the observation to a large amount of electric screw drivers in the market, It was found that its composed structure is roughly the same.To combine domain knowledge, product tree as shown in Figure 4 is obtained.
Since function refers to the description that is clear and can rebuilding relationship between its input and output, independently of any special Except form.The i.e. comprehensive purpose function of the abstraction function of electric screw driver, can also regard as " it is for what does ".It is based on The abstraction function product abstraction function as shown in Figure 5 of electric screw driver that " black box approach " determines.
Carrying out functional analysis to product should be from user for the demand of product.The user function of electric screw driver needs Ask analysis result as shown in table 4 below.
The user function demand analysis of 4 electric screw driver of table
RoSFD methods are used to decompose pine/tight screw function of electric screw driver below.This case is mainly for saying It is bright how the function of system to be described using extension generalized directed graph, therefore, during Function Decomposition, not to function Implementation method carry out diversified expansion, be described only for the practical composition of goal systems.
According to above it will be appreciated that, system general function to be decomposed, which can simplify, in present case is expressed as pine/tight screw.Realize this One function is taken one such in this example there are many method --- electronic rotation.To function-method to being divided step by step Solution, specific decomposition result are as shown in Figure 6.
Consider user demand and the safety of product, practicability requirement, system should also have easily positioning, antioverloading Etc. characteristics, and can be applied to different objects, the screw of different model can be acted on.Therefore, system is meeting above-mentioned master Under the premise of wanting function, it should include also fixing device in system function decomposition texture, prevent from getting an electric shock, cut-out electric power, disperse to turn round The miscellaneous functions such as square.Complete Function Decomposition structure is as shown in Figure 7.
According to product design scheme, is analyzed in conjunction with domain knowledge, electric product screw slicing technique as shown in Figure 8 can be obtained It can be with physical arrangement mapping relations.
During Function Decomposition, when different functions is completed by same indivisible physical arrangement, in function point Function Decomposition principle and criterion should be followed in solution preocess, meet the correlation requirement of Function Decomposition.In addition, to make electric screw Knife completes set function, and manpower is needed to power on for it;It, can also be right during electric screw driver acts object The external world generates the conveying of heat etc., due to manpower and is not included in the Functional Design of electric screw driver, it can will be such Function is considered as system of system function, and independent expression is carried out in functional network figure.
On the basis of the physical composition structure and function hierarchical structure of clear product, incidence relation between function into Row analysis, can obtain the incidence relation between each function.In conjunction with actual product physical arrangement in physical interface setting and Connection relation between function, Fig. 9 are all elementary works being provided according to product physical arrangement, being gone out by pine/tight screw Function Decomposition The electric screw driver functional network figure based on improved generalized directed graph that can be constituted.The base of electric screw driver is contained in figure This Core Feature and system of system function, simple function series/parallel relationship, mutex relation and conditional relationship.
Wherein, V1Representative function corresponds to function carrier --- plug;
V2Representative function corresponds to function carrier --- accumulator;
V3Representative function corresponds to function carrier --- switch;
V4Representative function corresponds to function carrier --- motor;
V5Representative function corresponds to function carrier --- retarder;
V6Representative function corresponds to function carrier --- clutch;
V7Representative function corresponds to function carrier --- cutter head.
As can be seen from the figure:1, in addition to V1To V2Other than port, other ports can be designed as variable interface, In the design process of physical entity, the quick-replaceable of unit may be implemented in the design of variable interface, makes the use of unit module more Has flexibility;2、V3Be output to V5Input, the property of stream changed, this shows V4From during function is realized The effect of conversion is arrived;If 3, the function on a certain feature path, which can be realized, shows that function access is set up, the access pair The system task answered can be completed.
Although describing the invention in detail above, but the invention is not restricted to this, those skilled in the art of the present technique It can be carry out various modifications with principle according to the present invention.Therefore, all to be changed according to made by the principle of the invention, all it should be understood as Fall into protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of based on the function system model building method for improving generalized directed graph, which is characterized in that including:
Demand according to user to product carries out stratification decomposition to the system function of product, obtains comprising function father node, work( The Function Decomposition result of energy child node;
According to the realizability of function, it is determined to that the repertoire element that product advantageous effect plays process is explicitly described;
According to identified repertoire element, the several body function mathematical model that can reflect product function is established;
According to the relationship between the several body function mathematical model and individual function mathematical model, constructing function system number Learn model;
According to the Function Decomposition result and the function system mathematical model, the improvement generalized directed graph mould of function system is established Type.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the repertoire element includes:Function body B, work( Energy port P, input/output I/O, constraints C, transmit medium Me and functional status S.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, each individual function mathematical model F=B, P, I/O, C, Me, S }.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the function system mathematical model Fsys=B, P, I/O, C, Me, S, R }, wherein R is the relationship between individual function mathematical model.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the generalized directed graph member for improving generalized directed graph model Element includes:A kind of node, directed edge, two class nodes and relationship map.
6. according to claim 1-5 any one of them methods, which is characterized in that in the improvement generalized directed graph model, Function body B in function system mathematical model corresponds to a kind of node in the generalized directed graph element;Function system number It learns the input/output in model, environmental constraints and transmits the directed edge that medium corresponds in the generalized directed graph element;Function Function port in system mathematic model corresponds to two class nodes in the generalized directed graph element;Function system mathematical model In functional relationship correspond to the generalized directed graph element in relationship map.
7. according to claim 1-6 any one of them methods, which is characterized in that it is described according to user to the demand pair of product The system function of product carries out stratification decomposition:
According to the logic association degree LR between function, the geometry associativity degree GR between function carrier, function input/output degree of association IOR Determine function degree of correlation Rc=f (LR, GR, IOR)=α LR+ β GR+ γ IOR, 0≤α, beta, gamma≤1, and alpha+beta+γ=1;
According to function association degree RcStratification decomposition is carried out to function, wherein the decomposability of each function is closed with inside the function Connection degree RcIt is inversely proportional.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that described be to the Requirements on Product of product according to user System function carries out stratification decomposition:
When carrying out stratification decomposition to function, using product general function as the function father node of functional tree, divide product to function As the function child node of functional tree, to form functional tree.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, according to realize function father node method corresponding to function To determine the function child node of function father node next stage.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, according to the function child node for realizing functional tree upper level Function corresponding to method determines the function child node of its next stage.
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