CN108595729A - A kind of power battery intelligence self-regulation heated current computational methods, battery heating means and battery management system based on BV equations - Google Patents
A kind of power battery intelligence self-regulation heated current computational methods, battery heating means and battery management system based on BV equations Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The power battery intelligence self-regulation heated current computational methods based on BV equations that the present invention relates to kinds, this method is under the premise of ensureing cell health state, based on BV equations it is intelligent automatic regulated and update AC current amplitude, battery is set to be in the maximum carrying current range allowed, to promote power battery low temperature Maximum available energy.Solves power battery at low ambient temperatures, the problems such as charge and discharge are difficult, and active volume is low, the invention further relates to battery heating means and battery management systems.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power battery field of heat management, and in particular to a kind of power battery intelligence self-regulated based on BV equations
Heated current computational methods and battery heating means are saved, the invention further relates to battery management systems.
Background technology
At low ambient temperatures, the electrochemical reaction process of power battery is slack-off, causes charge and discharge difficult, active volume drop
It is low, therefore need pre- thermal cell in advance.The thermoelectricity studied at present is simple alternating current electrical heating method, but existing AC electric-heating skill
In art, alternating current exciting current does not consider the security performance of battery, and the terminal voltage that battery in heating process can not be effectively ensured exists
In range of voltage values allowable, therefore, shorter battery life after heating is easily caused, health status is damaged.
Therefore, the present invention is to overcome above-mentioned technological deficiency, it is proposed that a kind of power battery intelligence self-regulated based on BV equations
Heated current computational methods are saved, this current calculation method can at low ambient temperatures, during applying exchange electric excitation, battery
Terminal voltage is realized in voltage limits allowable and quickly increases internal temperature of battery, promotes Maximum available energy, has ensured that battery exists
It is used safely under low temperature environment.Meanwhile the experimental results showed that, electric current obtained by the computational methods is the sine wave alternating current of standard,
Can battery temperature be promoted to safe working temperature range and to battery life without apparent damage in short-term.
Invention content
A kind of power battery intelligence self-regulation heated current computational methods based on BV equations, specifically include following steps：
(a) circuit model for including BV equations is established to battery heating process；The circuit model is BV equations and pure electricity
It connects again with ohmic internal resistance and battery open circuit voltage after holding element in parallel；
(b) circuit model based on the battery describes the math equation of branch current using the BV equations；
(c) sliding-model control is carried out to the math equation of foundation, obtains the function that total current changes over time；It is described
Total current is to flow through the electric current of ohmic internal resistance；
(d) the upper voltage limit value and voltage lower limit value for being utilized respectively battery terminal voltage bring above-mentioned function into, obtain on electric current
Limit maximum value and lower current limit maximum value allowable allowable；
(e) smaller in upper current limit maximum value allowable and lower current limit maximum value allowable is selected, as heating electricity
Stream.
The math equation that the BV equations describe branch current is：
In formula：S is electrode area, i0For exchange current density, IctFor branch current, UctFor overpotential, αaAnd acIt is right
Claim coefficient, indicates that electrode potential to the influence degree of reduction reaction and oxidation reaction activation energy, usually meets aa=ac=0.5, F
For Faraday constant, R is gas constant, and T is thermodynamic temperature.
The function that total current changes over time described in the step (c) is：
UtFor battery terminal voltage, UocvFor battery open circuit voltage, UctFor polarizing voltage, RiFor ohmic internal resistance, C is circuit electricity
Capacitance
The invention further relates to a kind of power battery heating means, it is characterised in that：
1) current battery temperature and battery ambient temperature are obtained；
2) judge whether to need to carry out AC electric-heating, when battery temperature is higher than setting threshold values, need not be heated,
Electric vehicle normally starts or work；When battery temperature is less than setting threshold values, battery is heated using alternating current；
3) battery terminal voltage, the SOC value of present battery, battery open circuit voltage, ohmic internal resistance, polarizing voltage and circuit are obtained
Capacitance；
4) self-regulation heated current value is calculated according to the method above-mentioned, executes AC electric-heating；
5) battery temperature is measured in real time, and judges whether battery temperature increases alkaline substance, if so, executing step 6；If
It is no, step 4 is executed, AC electric-heating is continued to execute；
6) judge whether temperature of powered cell reaches setting final temperature, if so, stopping AC electric-heating, the normal work of battery
Make；If it is not, step 3 is executed, update self-regulation heated current value, and it is applied to battery both ends.
According to the SOC value of present battery, in conjunction with battery temperature, according to the open-circuit voltage values and battery temperature to prestore in controller
Spend open-circuit voltage values described in Relation acquisition.
According to ohm under the Relation acquisition current battery temperature of the battery impedance value and battery temperature that prestore in controller
Impedance.
Terminal voltage before battery is heated is as open-circuit voltage values initial value.
The alkaline substance is 1 degree, 0.5 degree, 0.25 degree or 2 degree.
The invention further relates to a kind of battery management systems, use the method described in any one as above.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is intelligence self-regulation exciting current computational methods of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is intelligence self-regulation heating means of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is battery circuit model of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is to be compared based on the single battery temperature rise curve of the method for the invention and conventional method；
Specific implementation mode：
Battery according to the present invention includes automobile-used single battery, Vehicular dynamic battery packet or Vehicular battery group.
The present invention represents open-circuit voltage using OCV, and I represents the ac-excited electric current of the input of power battery, and T is described dynamic
Power battery temperature, TambFor environment temperature.
In this field, offline composite pulse test data, referred to as HPPC test datas
In this field, battery management system, referred to as BMS systems.
In this field, Butler-Volmer equations, abbreviation BV equations.
The heated current computational methods as shown in Figure 1, a kind of power battery based on BV equations is intelligently self-regulated, including：
(a) circuit model is established：Battery model is established to the low-temperature heat process of lithium-ion-power cell；
(b) system state equation is established：Based on the battery circuit model, establishes and be based on BV in power battery heating process
The math equation of equation, and sliding-model control is carried out to the math equation of foundation；
(c) offline parameter recognizes：According to offline composite pulse (HPPC) test data, in conjunction with genetic algorithm to the electricity
Pool model carries out parameter identification, and is stored in BMS systems；
(d) BMS systems obtain the environment temperature at current time, battery operating temperature, battery terminal voltage according to sensor, and
It determines a need for heating；If not needing, power battery can work normally；If desired, current time power battery is obtained
SOC value, open-circuit voltage values, battery impedance value, battery capacitor value；
(e) exciting current calculates：Based on the battery circuit model, in conjunction with power battery service life fade characteristics and health
The correspondence of state is solved using numerical computation method and obtains the optimal excitation current value under any time arbitrary temp.
Power battery both ends are applied to (e) alternating current exciting current value calculated, intelligence self-regulation executes exchange
Electrical heating, until reaching heating termination temperature.The alternating current exciting current value is ensuring battery terminal voltage not and is transfiniting and the battery longevity
Under the premise of life does not shorten, ensure that exciting current amplitude is attained by maximum value at each moment, to realize that battery-efficient heats
It is used with its maximum possible is promoted.
The mathematics of battery circuit model is wherein established described in step (a) to the low-temperature heat process of lithium-ion-power cell
Equation includes：
The power battery circuit model of the application, such as Fig. 3, mainly by ohmic internal resistance Ri, battery open circuit voltage Uocv、
Butler-Volmer (BV) equation, purely capacitive element composition, wherein after BV equations and purely capacitive element in parallel again with Ri and Uocv
Series connection.
Wherein, branch current is described with BV equations in step (b) to be shown below：
In formula：S is electrode area, i0For exchange current density, IctFor branch current.UctFor overpotential, αaAnd acIt is right
Claim coefficient, indicates that electrode potential to the influence degree of reduction reaction and oxidation reaction activation energy, usually meets aa=ac=0.5, F
For Faraday constant, R is gas constant, and T is thermodynamic temperature.
Carrying out sliding-model control to the math equation of foundation is specially：
First, the state-space expression of the battery circuit model is specially：
Wherein, I represents total current, is charged as just, IctBranch current is represented, is described with BV equations as shown in formula (1), Ut generations
Table battery terminal voltage, Uocv are battery open circuit voltage, and Uct is polarizing voltage, and C is the capacitance in circuit.
Secondly, formula (1) is substituted into formula (2), and can determines the shape of the battery circuit model according to Kirchhoff's law
State space expression formula：Wherein, t represents continuous time.
Then, replace the mode of differential that model state spatial expression is carried out sliding-model control using difference：
After the discretization of this field, the moment generally is represented with k, it is thus possible to obtain the calculating side of any time k total current
Method：
It is as follows for the circular of optimal excitation current value in step (e)：
Due in sinusoidal ac heating process, if battery terminal voltage UtVoltage upper lower limit value more than permission causes battery
Health status is damaged and the harmful effects such as the lost of life, and therefore, it is necessary to be calculated according to the voltage upper lower limit value of the above-mentioned permission of battery
Exciting current value I maximum allowable values. Ut,min≤Ut≤Ut,max (6)
Wherein, Ut, max are voltage upper limit value allowable, and Ut, min are voltage lower limiting value allowable.
Formula (6) is substituted into formula (5) and obtains the upper current limit maximum value I allowable at K+1 momentupper_max,k+1And lower limit is allowable
Maximum value Ilower_max,k+1
To prevent battery from occurring overcharging phenomenon, exciting current should select Iupper_max,k+1And Ilower_max,k+1It is smaller in the two
Person, i.e. optimal excitation.
Iopt=min (Iupper_max,k+1,Ilower_max,k+1) (9)
Offline parameter wherein described in step (c), which recognizes, is specially：According to offline HPPC test datas, calculated in conjunction with heredity
Method carries out parameter identification to the battery circuit model, carries out the HPPC working condition measurements of power battery difference SOC points first, so
Identification of Model Parameters is carried out according to the circuit model and state equation using test data afterwards, obtains ohmic internal resistance Ri, pole
Change capacitance C, open-circuit voltage Uocv, exchange current density i0Parameter, identification result are stored in BMS systems, for it is subsequent most
The solution of excellent exciting current.
Wherein in step (d), BMS systems utilize temperature sensor and voltage signal sensor, obtain current environmental temperature,
Battery operating temperature, battery terminal voltage determine a need for heating；If not needing, power battery can work normally；If needing
It wants, then obtains the SOC value of power battery, and according in the step c, identification obtains the model parameter value at current time, i.e.,：Europe
Nurse internal resistance value, open-circuit voltage values, battery impedance value, battery capacitor value.
The invention further relates to a kind of power battery heating means, it is characterised in that：
1) system initial value is default, including obtains current battery temperature and battery ambient temperature；
2) judge whether to need to carry out AC electric-heating, when battery temperature is higher than setting threshold values, need not be heated,
Electric vehicle normally starts or work；When battery temperature is less than setting threshold values, battery is heated using alternating current；
3) calculating/update current time input parameter value, including obtain battery terminal voltage, the SOC value of present battery, battery
Open-circuit voltage, ohmic internal resistance, polarizing voltage and tank capacitance value；
4) calculating/update current time alternating current exciting current amplitude Iopt is calculated according to the method above-mentioned, then
Execute AC electric-heating；
5) battery temperature is measured in real time, and judges whether battery temperature increases alkaline substance, if so, executing step 6；If
It is no, step 4 is executed, AC electric-heating is continued to execute；
6) judge whether temperature of powered cell reaches setting final temperature, if so, stopping AC electric-heating, the normal work of battery
Make；If it is not, step 3 is executed, update self-regulation heated current value, and it is applied to battery both ends.
According to the SOC value of present battery, in conjunction with battery temperature, according to the open-circuit voltage values and battery temperature to prestore in controller
Spend open-circuit voltage values described in Relation acquisition.
According to ohm under the Relation acquisition current battery temperature of the battery impedance value and battery temperature that prestore in controller
Impedance.
Terminal voltage before battery is heated is as open-circuit voltage values initial value.
The alkaline substance is 1 degree, 0.5 degree, 0.25 degree or 2 degree.
Below by experimental result, the present invention is furture elucidated.
It is research object, rated capacity 2.4Ah, charge and discharge blanking voltage to select 18650 type ternary lithium ion batteries
Respectively 4.2V and 2.7V.Environment temperature and the initial temperature of battery are -20 DEG C, with the temperature of single battery and four string battery packs
The experimental result for rising curve and equivalent-circuit model compares to verify the reliability and practicability of this method.
According to experimental result, intelligence self-regulation heating means proposed by the invention have following excellent compared with conventional method
Gesture：
(1) this method temperature rate is relatively fast, and single battery temperature can be increased to 10 DEG C from -20 DEG C by 770s, and be waited
Effect circuit model needs 830s.
(2) this method is equally applicable to the low-temperature heat of battery pack, and the temperature for further decreasing battery pack rises inconsistency,
The temperature of four string battery packs can be increased to 10 DEG C from -20 DEG C by 747s, and maximum temperature difference is 2.9 DEG C, equivalent-circuit model from -
It is 4.5 DEG C that 18.83 DEG C, which are increased to 10 DEG C to need 820s, maximum temperature difference,.
(3) in sinusoidal ac heating process, battery maximum excitation value under different temperatures, it is ensured that battery did not occurred
It fills, crosses phenomena such as putting.
Claims (9)
- The heated current computational methods 1. a kind of power battery based on BV equations is intelligently self-regulated, it is characterised in that：It specifically includes Following steps：(a) circuit model for including BV equations is established to battery heating process；The circuit model is BV equations and purely capacitive member It connects again with ohmic internal resistance and battery open circuit voltage after part parallel connection；(b) circuit model based on the battery describes the math equation of branch current using the BV equations；(c) sliding-model control is carried out to the math equation of foundation, obtains the function that total current changes over time；Total electricity Stream is the electric current for flowing through ohmic internal resistance；(d) the upper voltage limit value and voltage lower limit value for being utilized respectively battery terminal voltage bring above-mentioned function into, obtain upper current limit and are permitted With maximum value and lower current limit maximum value allowable；(e) smaller in upper current limit maximum value allowable and lower current limit maximum value allowable is selected, as the heated current.
- 2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the math equation that the BV equations describe branch current is：In formula：S is electrode area, i0For exchange current density, IctFor branch current, UctFor overpotential, αaAnd acFor symmetric system Number indicates that electrode potential to the influence degree of reduction reaction and oxidation reaction activation energy, usually meets aa=ac=0.5, F are method It is gas constant to draw constant, R, and T is thermodynamic temperature.
- 3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the function that total current changes over time described in the step (c) For：UtFor battery terminal voltage, UocvFor battery open circuit voltage, UctFor polarizing voltage, RiFor ohmic internal resistance, C is tank capacitance value.
- 4. a kind of power battery heating means, it is characterised in that：1) current battery temperature and battery ambient temperature are obtained；2) judge whether to need to carry out AC electric-heating, when battery temperature is higher than setting threshold values, need not be heated, it is electronic Automobile normally starts or work；When battery temperature is less than setting threshold values, battery is heated using alternating current；3) battery terminal voltage, the SOC value of present battery, battery open circuit voltage, ohmic internal resistance, polarizing voltage and tank capacitance are obtained Value；4) self-regulation heated current value is calculated according to any one of right 1 to 3 the method, executes AC electric-heating；5) battery temperature is measured in real time, and judges whether battery temperature increases alkaline substance, if so, executing step 6；If it is not, holding Row step 4, continues to execute AC electric-heating；6) judge whether temperature of powered cell reaches setting final temperature, if so, stopping AC electric-heating, normal battery operation； If it is not, step 3 is executed, update self-regulation heated current value, and it is applied to battery both ends.
- 5. the method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：According to the SOC value of present battery, in conjunction with battery temperature, according to Open-circuit voltage values described in the open-circuit voltage values and battery temperature Relation acquisition to prestore in controller.
- 6. the method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：According to the battery impedance value and battery temperature to prestore in controller Relation acquisition current battery temperature under ohmage.
- 7. the method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：Terminal voltage before battery is heated is initial as open-circuit voltage values Value.
- 8. such as the method for claims 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The alkaline substance is 1 degree, 0.5 degree, 0.25 degree or 2 Degree.
- 9. a kind of battery management system, which is characterized in that use the method as described in claim 1-8 any one.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN109786897A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-05-21 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of lithium ion battery alternating excitation low-temperature heating method based on temperature change |
| CN111048860A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-21 | 北京理工大学 | Direct current and alternating current superposition excitation heating method for power battery |
| CN111137149A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-05-12 | 北京理工大学 | Method for low-temperature heating, impedance measurement and charging of non-contact power battery |
| CN113054290A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-29 | 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 | Battery heating method |
| CN114194073A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-18 | 重庆长安新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Motor pulse current control method and device and electric automobile |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109786897A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-05-21 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of lithium ion battery alternating excitation low-temperature heating method based on temperature change |
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| CN111048860A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-21 | 北京理工大学 | Direct current and alternating current superposition excitation heating method for power battery |
| CN111137149A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-05-12 | 北京理工大学 | Method for low-temperature heating, impedance measurement and charging of non-contact power battery |
| CN113054290A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-29 | 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 | Battery heating method |
| CN114194073A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-18 | 重庆长安新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Motor pulse current control method and device and electric automobile |
| CN114194073B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-05-23 | 重庆长安新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Motor pulse current control method and device and electric automobile |
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Application publication date: 20180928 |