CN108593888A - A kind of soil organic matter group technology that physical-chemical is combined - Google Patents
A kind of soil organic matter group technology that physical-chemical is combined Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of soil organic matter group technology that physical chemistry is combined, is related to a kind of group technology of soil organic matter.In order to solve the problem of that physical packets or chemistry grouping are used alone in existing Soil Organic Carbon Stability research can not accurately determine Soil Organic Carbon Stability.Step：By air-dried soil sample wet screening, it is divided into>53 μm and<53 μm of soil agreegate；It will>53 μm of soil agreegate is divided into two parts, and is preserved after part drying, and another part destroys soil agreegate with ultrasonic disruption machine, obtains>53 μm of soil agreegate and close storage state<53 μm of soil agreegate；It will<53 μm of soil agreegate is divided into two parts, is preserved after part drying, and another part is centrifuged, and obtains free state powder and free state clay；Free state powder is ultrasonically treated, powder is obtained and closes storage state clay；Part soil constitution is gone to the chemoproection mechanism of deliming, magnesium etc. with KCl solution treatments.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soil organic matter group technologies that physical-chemical is combined.
Background technology
Soil organic matter is not only the core of soil fertility and the important component of global carbon.It is estimated that complete
Organic carbon pool reserves are about 1500Pg in ball upper soll layer 1m depth, are 3 times of air carbon storehouse, 2-4 times of land vehicles carbon storehouse.
Soil organic matter is made of the different complicated organic matter of a series of physical, chemical attribute, and the stability of different component is different, point
The degree of solution, the difficulty or ease of mineralising and also different to the response of environmental change.Wherein, sound of the active organic carbon component to external interference
Sensitivity is answered, the dynamic change of soil organic matter can be reacted rapidly, and it is slower to stablize Organic Carbon Composition turnaround speed, it is organic to soil
The storage and accumulation of carbon have great importance.So scientific and reasonable soil organic matter group technology is established, for effectively
It distinguishes and deeply the heterogeneous Organic Carbon Composition of understanding is of great significance.
In recent years, it deepens continuously to soil organic matter research with domestic and foreign scholars, group technology is also continuous
Improve and perfect.Physical packets obtain the carbon component of different stability by physical property difference or destruction spatial distribution,
The physical protection understanding to organic carbon can be increased, understand the physical property difference of carbon component；Chemistry grouping considers organic carbon point
Chemical bonding between son and with soil particle, by the carbon component of different chemical property (such as dissolubility, water-disintegrable and oxidisability)
It separates, these properties reflect organic carbon and are mineralized the chemical stability utilized.However, since chemical group technology is to soil knot
The destructiveness of structure and form is big, and physical packets method has overlapping etc., lead there are larger special heterogeneity between obtained component
Cause result of study that can not be compared and assess.Therefore, different organic carbon group technologies lack integration and hinder people to difference
The understanding of Organic Carbon Composition stability and stabiliser.
Invention content
There is overlapping between the soil organic matter component obtained the purpose of the present invention is to solve single packet technology, and
The problem of chemical constitution is by destroying, the soil organic matter group technology that a kind of physical-chemical of proposition is combined.
The soil organic matter group technology that a kind of physical-chemical of the present invention is combined, includes the following steps：
Step 1: the soil sieve in 53 μm of aperture is immersed in the distilled water of room temperature, the air-dried soil sample of 8mm sieves was weighed
Soil sample is placed on the soil sieve in distilled water by 100g, and soil sample is immersed in 10min in distilled water, is then swung up and down in 2min
50 times, amplitude of fluctuation 3cm, the soil constitution stayed on soil sieve is>53 μm of soil agreegate passes through the soil of soil sieve
Group is divided into<53 μm of soil agreegate；
Step 2: by soil sieve>53 μm of soil agreegate is divided into two parts：That is pedotheque A and pedotheque B；
It is flushed in plastic beaker respectively, 100mL distilled water is added into beaker, pedotheque B is carried out using ultrasonic disruption machine
It is ultrasonically treated, destroys the structure of soil agreegate, make to be wrapped in inside aggregate<53 μm of soil constitution releases, so
The soil liquid after supersound process is crossed to 53 μm of soil sieve afterwards, the soil constitution stayed on soil sieve is flushed in beaker,
It weighs after being dried at 60 DEG C spare；It, will with centrifuge to being centrifuged by the soil liquid of soil sieve<53 μm of soil constitution
It separates, weighs after being dried at 60 DEG C spare；Pedotheque A weighs spare after being dried directly at 60 DEG C；
Step 3: will be less than<53 μm of the soil liquid is divided into two parts：That is pedotheque C and pedotheque D；With centrifugation
Machine centrifuges pedotheque C, and suspension is sucked out；100mL distilled water, concussion is added, then sample is centrifuged, will suspend
Liquid is sucked out and merges with pervious suspension spare；This is repeated to cross until free state powder and free state clay are kept completely separate
It opens；The free state clay component separated is dried at 60 DEG C, is weighed spare；After separation containing free state powder component
The soil liquid is first ultrasonically treated with ultrasonic disruption machine, destroys the protective effect of microaggregate in soil so that by micelle
The storage state clay component of closing of aggressiveness protection releases；Then with centrifuge to the pedotheque solution after supersound process carry out from
The heart, in 1000rmin-13min is centrifuged, suspension is sucked out；100mL distilled water, concussion is added, then sample is detached, it will
Suspension is sucked out and merges with suspension before spare；The process is repeated until powder is kept completely separate with storage state clay is closed
It opens；By the powder separated and storage state clay drying is closed, is weighed spare；Pedotheque solution D directly centrifuges in centrifuge,
Fall after supernatant is transferred to beaker, is directly placed into 60 DEG C of baking oven and dries, obtain<53 μm of soil agreegate is weighed spare；
Step 4: with a concentration of 0.5~1.5molL-1KCl solution the soil constitution after drying is handled；It will
Soil constitution after 40g drying is put into the centrifuge tube of 100mL, in the KCl solution to centrifuge tube of addition 80mL 1M, will be centrifuged
Pipe is put into after covering tightly in shaking table, is shaken 2h at room temperature, is then centrifuged centrifuge tube, in 4000rmin-1Lower centrifugation
15min pours out supernatant；This ion exchange process is repeated 3~5 times, by the pedotheque after KCl solution treatments at 60 DEG C
It weighs after drying spare；Complete the soil organic matter grouping that the physical-chemical is combined.
The advantage of the invention is that：By the ripe physical packets method (Ultrasonic treatment) of original application and chemistry grouping
Method (KCl ion exchanges method) combines, and forms united soil organic matter physical-chemical group technology, this method is not only
The drawbacks of single packet method destroys Organic Carbon Composition chemical constitution is improved, heterogeneity during single packet can also be solved
The phenomenon that component is overlapped, success, which completely closes the not protected free state of soil, physical protection, stores state and by chemoproection
Organic Carbon Composition separate, to from many aspects explain organic carbon stability mechanism, improve to soil carbon density
The whole understanding of potentiality is intercepted and captured with carbon.
Description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Specific implementation mode one, a kind of embodiment is described with reference to Fig. 1 the soil organic matter that physical-chemical is combined point
Group method, it includes the following steps：
Step 1: the soil sieve in 53 μm of aperture is immersed in distilled water at room temperature, the air-dried soil sample of 8mm sieves was weighed
Soil sample is placed on the soil sieve in distilled water by 100g, and soil sample is immersed in 10min in distilled water, is then swung up and down in 2min
50 times, amplitude of fluctuation 3cm, the soil constitution stayed on soil sieve is>53 μm of soil agreegate passes through the soil of soil sieve
Group is divided into<53 μm of soil agreegate.
Step 2: by soil sieve>After 53 μm of soil agreegate is divided into two parts (pedotheque A and pedotheque B),
It is flushed in plastic beaker respectively, 100mL distilled water is added into beaker.Pedotheque B is carried out using ultrasonic disruption machine
It is ultrasonically treated, destroys the structure of soil agreegate, make to be wrapped in inside aggregate<53 μm of soil constitution releases.So
The soil liquid after supersound process is crossed to 53 μm of soil sieve afterwards, the soil constitution stayed on soil sieve is flushed in beaker,
It weighs after being dried at 60 DEG C spare.With centrifuge to being centrifuged (in 4000rmin by the soil liquid of soil sieve-1Under from
Heart 15min), it will<53 μm of soil constitution is separated, and is weighed after being dried at 60 DEG C spare.Pedotheque A is directly at 60 DEG C
It weighs after lower drying spare.
Step 3: will be less than<53 μm of the soil liquid is divided into two parts (pedotheque C and pedotheque D).Use centrifuge
Pedotheque C is centrifuged, suspension is sucked out (clay is in suspension).100mL distilled water is added, shakes, then to sample
It is centrifuged, suspension is sucked out and merges spare (after suspension is collected, suspension is existed with pervious suspension
4000r·min-1Lower centrifugation 15min, isolates clay).The process is repeated 2-3 times, until free state powder (is stored comprising closing
State clay) and free state clay it is completely isolated.The free state clay component separated is dried at 60 DEG C, is weighed spare.
The soil liquid containing free state powder component after separation is first ultrasonically treated with ultrasonic disruption machine, is destroyed micro- in soil
The protective effect of aggregate so that released by the storage state clay component of closing of microaggregate protection.Then with centrifuge to super
Pedotheque solution after sonication is centrifuged, in 1000rmin-13min is centrifuged, suspension is sucked out.100mL distillations are added
Water, concussion, then sample is detached, suspension is sucked out and is merged with pervious suspension spare (in 4000rmin-1Under
15min is centrifuged, clay is detached).Process 2-3 time is repeated, until by powder (removal, which is closed, stores state clay) and to close storage state clay complete
It is fully separating to open.By the powder separated (removal, which is closed, stores state clay) and storage state clay drying is closed, is weighed spare.Pedotheque D is molten
Liquid directly centrifuges in centrifuge, outwells after supernatant is transferred to beaker, is directly placed into 60 DEG C of baking oven and dries, obtain<53μm
Soil agreegate, weigh spare.
When being centrifuged to pedotheque C with centrifuge described in step 3, the rotating speed of centrifuge is 1000rmin-1, from
The heart time is 3min.
It is described that clay and powder group timesharing are centrifuged to pedotheque C with centrifuge, repeat the process 3 times.
Described when directly being centrifuged to pedotheque D with centrifuge, the rotating speed of centrifuge is 4000rmin-1, centrifugation
Time is 15min.
Step 4: carrying out processing removal Ca to the soil constitution after drying with the KCl solution of a concentration of C2+、Mg2+Plasma
Protective effect to soil organic matter.Soil constitution after 40g is dried is put into the centrifuge tube of 100mL, addition 80mL 1M's
It in KCl solution to centrifuge tube, is put into shaking table after centrifuge tube is covered tightly, shaking 2h at room temperature, (concussion frequency is 50 beats/min
Clock), then centrifuge tube is centrifuged, in 4000rmin-1Lower centrifugation 15min, pours out supernatant.Repeat this ion exchange
Journey 3-5 times makes the K in solution+With the Ca in soil2+、Mg2+Plasma is sufficiently displaced from, and removes Ca2+、Mg2+Plasma is to organic
The protective effect of carbon.It weighs after pedotheque after KCl solution treatments is dried at 60 DEG C spare.
The soil particle component after drying is handled with the KCl solution of a concentration of C described in step 4, wherein KCl is molten
The concentration C of liquid is 1molL-1。
Described is the K made in solution+With the Ca in soil2+、Mg2+Plasma is sufficiently displaced from, and repeats the displacements such as concussion, centrifugation
Process 5 times.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are verified by following embodiment：
Embodiment one
The present embodiment is using a kind of soil organic matter group technology that physical-chemical is combined to northeast Farmland Black Soil soil
Organic Carbon Composition is grouped.Concrete operation step is as follows：
53 μm of the soil sieve in aperture is immersed in distilled water at room temperature, the air-dried soil sample 100g of 8mm sieves was weighed, it will be native
Sample is placed on the soil sieve in distilled water, and soil sample is immersed in 10min in distilled water, is then swung up and down in 2min 50 times, is swung
Amplitude is 3cm, and the soil constitution stayed on soil sieve is>53 μm of soil agreegate is by the soil constitution of soil sieve<53
μm soil agreegate.
It will be on soil sieve>After 53 μm of soil agreegate is divided into two parts (pedotheque A and pedotheque B), rush respectively
It washes in plastic beaker, 100mL distilled water is added into beaker.Pedotheque B is carried out at ultrasound using ultrasonic disruption machine
Reason, destroys the structure of soil agreegate, makes to be wrapped in inside aggregate<53 μm of soil constitution releases.Then will surpass
The soil liquid after sonication crosses 53 μm of soil sieve, and the soil constitution stayed on soil sieve is flushed in beaker, at 60 DEG C
It weighs after drying spare.The soil liquid by soil sieve is centrifuged (in 4000r min with centrifuge-1Lower centrifugation
15min), will<53 μm of soil constitution is separated, and is weighed after being dried at 60 DEG C spare.Pedotheque A is directly at 60 DEG C
It weighs after drying spare.
It will be less than<53 μm of the soil liquid is divided into two parts (pedotheque C and pedotheque D).With centrifuge to soil
Sample C is centrifuged (in 1000rmin-1Lower centrifugation 3min), suspension is sucked out (clay is in suspension).100mL is added to steam
Distilled water, concussion, then centrifuges sample, and suspension is sucked out and merges that spare (suspension has been collected with pervious suspension
Bi Hou, by suspension in 4000rmin-1Lower centrifugation 15min, isolates clay).The process is repeated 2-3 times, until will dissociate
State powder (storing state clay comprising closing) and free state clay are completely isolated.By the free state clay component separated at 60 DEG C
Drying, weighs spare.The soil liquid containing free state powder component after separation is first carried out with ultrasonic disruption machine at ultrasound
Reason destroys the protective effect of microaggregate in soil so that is released by the storage state clay component of closing of microaggregate protection.So
The pedotheque solution after supersound process is centrifuged with centrifuge afterwards, in 1000rmin-13min is centrifuged, is sucked out and suspends
Liquid.100mL distilled water, concussion is added, then sample is detached, suspension is sucked out and merges with pervious suspension spare
(in 4000rmin-1Lower centrifugation 15min detaches clay).The process is repeated 2-3 times, until (it is viscous that storage state is closed in removal by powder
Grain) and close storage state clay it is completely isolated.By the powder separated (removal, which is closed, stores state clay) and storage state clay drying is closed, is weighed
It is spare.Pedotheque solution D directly centrifuges (in 4000rmin in centrifuge-1Lower centrifugation 5min.), it outwells supernatant and is transferred to
After beaker, it is directly placed into 60 DEG C of baking oven and dries, obtain<53 μm of soil agreegate is weighed spare.
With a concentration of 1molL-1KCl solution to the soil constitution after drying carry out processing removal Ca2+、Mg2+Plasma
Protective effect to soil organic matter.Soil constitution after 40g is dried is put into the centrifuge tube of 100mL, addition 80mL 1M's
It in KCl solution to centrifuge tube, is put into shaking table after centrifuge tube is covered tightly, shaking 2h at room temperature, (concussion frequency is 50 beats/min
Clock), then centrifuge tube is centrifuged, in 4000rmin-1Lower centrifugation 15min, pours out supernatant.Repeat this ion exchange
Journey 3-5 times makes the K in solution+With the Ca in soil2+、Mg2+Plasma is sufficiently displaced from, and removes Ca2+、Mg2+Plasma is to organic
The protective effect of carbon.It weighs after pedotheque after KCl solution treatments is dried at 60 DEG C spare.
By above step, northeast Farmland Black Soil is grouped, having obtained the soil with different stabiliser has
Machine carbon component, the results are shown in Table 1.Physical protection mechanism in table 1 refers to the physical protection mechanism of size fractionated aggregate, main
Refer to that being isolated for organic carbon and analyst caused by storing package etc. and enzyme is closed due to soil agreegate；And chemoproection mechanism
It is primarily referred to as Ca2+、Mg2+Plasma passes through organic carbon caused by ligand displacement, high-valence cationic key bridge and Van der Waals force etc.
Biological effectiveness declines.
Table 1 has the soil organic matter component grouping sheet of different stabiliser
Claims (9)
1. a kind of soil organic matter group technology that physical-chemical is combined, it is characterised in that it includes the following steps：
Step 1: the soil sieve in 53 μm of aperture is immersed in the distilled water of room temperature, the air-dried soil sample 100g of 8mm sieves was weighed, it will
Soil sample is placed on the soil sieve in distilled water, and soil sample is immersed in 10min in distilled water, is then swung up and down in 2min 50 times, pendulum
Dynamic amplitude is 3cm, and the soil constitution stayed on soil sieve is>53 μm of soil agreegate is by the soil constitution of soil sieve<
53 μm of soil agreegate；
Step 2: by soil sieve>53 μm of soil agreegate is divided into two parts：That is pedotheque A and pedotheque B；Respectively
It is flushed in plastic beaker, 100mL distilled water is added into beaker, ultrasound is carried out to pedotheque B using ultrasonic disruption machine
Processing, destroys the structure of soil agreegate, makes to be wrapped in inside aggregate<53 μm of soil constitution releases, and then will
The soil liquid after supersound process crosses 53 μm of soil sieve, and the soil constitution stayed on soil sieve is flushed in beaker, at 60 DEG C
It weighs after lower drying spare；It, will with centrifuge to being centrifuged by the soil liquid of soil sieve<53 μm of soil constitution separation
Out, it weighs after being dried at 60 DEG C spare；Pedotheque A weighs spare after being dried directly at 60 DEG C；
Step 3: will be less than<53 μm of the soil liquid is divided into two parts：That is pedotheque C and pedotheque D；With centrifuge pair
Pedotheque C is centrifuged, and suspension is sucked out；100mL distilled water, concussion is added, then sample is centrifuged, suspension is inhaled
Go out and merges with pervious suspension spare；This is repeated to cross until free state powder and free state clay is completely isolated；It will
The free state clay component separated is dried at 60 DEG C, is weighed spare；The soil containing free state powder component after separation
Solution is first ultrasonically treated with ultrasonic disruption machine, destroys the protective effect of microaggregate in soil so that by microaggregate
The storage state clay component of closing of protection releases；Then the pedotheque solution after supersound process is centrifuged with centrifuge,
In 1000rmin-13min is centrifuged, suspension is sucked out；100mL distilled water, concussion is added, then sample is detached, will suspend
Liquid is sucked out and merges with suspension before spare；Repeat the process until by powder and close store state clay it is completely isolated；It will
The powder separated is dried with storage state clay is closed, and is weighed spare；Pedotheque solution D directly centrifuges in centrifuge, outwells
After clear liquid is transferred to beaker, it is directly placed into 60 DEG C of baking oven and dries, obtain<53 μm of soil agreegate is weighed spare；
Step 4: with a concentration of 0.5~1.5molL-1KCl solution the soil constitution after drying is handled；40g is dried
Soil constitution after dry is put into the centrifuge tube of 100mL, in the KCl solution to centrifuge tube for adding 80mL, after centrifuge tube is covered tightly
It is put into shaking table, shakes 2h at room temperature, then centrifuge centrifuge tube, in 4000rmin-1Lower centrifugation 15min, is poured out
Supernatant；It repeats this ion exchange process 3~5 times, weighs after the pedotheque after KCl solution treatments is dried at 60 DEG C
It is spare；Complete the soil organic matter grouping that the physical-chemical is combined.
2. the soil organic matter group technology that a kind of physical-chemical according to claim 1 is combined, it is characterised in that step
It is in 4000rmin to carry out centrifugation to the soil liquid by soil sieve with centrifuge in rapid two-1The condition of lower centrifugation 15min
Lower progress.
3. the soil organic matter group technology that a kind of physical-chemical according to claim 1 is combined, it is characterised in that will
After suspension is sucked out and merges with pervious suspension, by suspension in 4000rmin-1Lower centrifugation 15min, isolates clay,
It is spare.
4. the soil organic matter group technology that a kind of physical-chemical according to claim 1 is combined, it is characterised in that step
When being centrifuged to pedotheque C with centrifuge in rapid three, the rotating speed of centrifuge is 1000rmin-1, centrifugation time 3min.
5. the soil organic matter group technology that a kind of physical-chemical according to claim 1 is combined, it is characterised in that step
Clay and powder group timesharing are centrifuged to pedotheque C with centrifuge in rapid three, repeat the process 3 times.
6. the soil organic matter group technology that a kind of physical-chemical according to claim 1 is combined, it is characterised in that step
When pedotheque D is directly centrifuged in centrifuge in rapid three, the rotating speed of centrifuge is 4000rmin-1, centrifugation time is
15min。
7. the soil organic matter group technology that a kind of physical-chemical according to claim 1 is combined, it is characterised in that step
With a concentration of 1molL in rapid four-1KCl solution the soil particle component after drying is handled.
8. the soil organic matter group technology that a kind of physical-chemical according to claim 1 is combined, it is characterised in that weight
This multiple ion exchange process 3~5 times, weighs spare after the pedotheque after KCl solution treatments is dried at 60 DEG C.
9. the soil organic matter group technology that a kind of physical-chemical according to claim 1 is combined, it is characterised in that step
Shaking 2h in rapid four at room temperature is carried out under conditions of earthquake frequency is 50 beats/min.
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