CN108593089A - A kind of vibration of optical sensor and inducing method based on birefringence resonance effect - Google Patents
A kind of vibration of optical sensor and inducing method based on birefringence resonance effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN108593089A CN108593089A CN201810410240.7A CN201810410240A CN108593089A CN 108593089 A CN108593089 A CN 108593089A CN 201810410240 A CN201810410240 A CN 201810410240A CN 108593089 A CN108593089 A CN 108593089A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vibration of optical sensors and inducing method based on birefringence resonance effect.Vibration of optical sensor includes sequentially connected laser emission element, vibration induction amplifying unit, laser pick-off unit and reference waveform unit.The light that light source is sent out is modulated by laser emission element；Modulated optical signal is imported polarization-maintaining annular chamber by vibration induction amplifying unit, and optical signal resonance obtains two polarization eigen states；Laser pick-off unit converts optical signal into electric signal, and obtains the resonance demodulation curve and slope characteristics of two polarization eigen state ESOPs, and the induction of vibration is realized using the phase difference between two polarization states；Reference waveform unit carries out uniform modulation demodulation to transmission signal.The present invention is exaggerated susceptibility of the light to vibration using birefringence resonance effect, to realize high sensitivity, measure the big vibration induction of spatial dimension.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vibrating sensor, specifically a kind of vibration of optical based on birefringence resonance effect passes
Sensor and inducing method.
Background technology
In the past few decades, vibration of optical sensor is because of the features such as high sensitivity, big measurement spatial dimension, electromagnetism be insensitive
And it is fast-developing.Existing vibration of optical sensor includes mainly distributed vibration sensor and point type vibrating sensor.Distribution
Formula vibrating sensor is realized continuous vibration field measurement on an optical fiber, is had big based on the Rayleigh scattering effect in optical fiber
The advantage that measures of spatial dimension, but sensitivity is poor, the vibration measurement not being suitable under highly sensitive and extreme environment.Point
Although the spatial dimension that formula vibrating sensor measures is small, has outstanding vibration measurement ability.Two kinds of traditional optics shake
Dynamic sensor is difficult to realize sensitivity and measures the balance between spatial dimension.
Invention content
In order to solve deficiency in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of vibration of optical biography based on birefringence resonance effect
Sensor is exaggerated susceptibility of the light to vibration using birefringence resonance effect, to realize that high sensitivity, measurement spatial dimension are big
Vibration induction.
To achieve the goals above, the concrete scheme that the present invention uses for：
A kind of vibration of optical sensor based on birefringence resonance effect, a kind of optics based on birefringence resonance effect shake
Dynamic sensor, including sequentially connected laser emission element, vibration induction amplifying unit, laser pick-off unit and reference waveform list
Member；The laser emission element includes the laser and phase-modulator being connected with each other；The vibration induction amplifying unit includes
The input terminal of polarization-maintaining annular chamber, polarization-maintaining annular chamber is connected by polarization maintaining optical fibre with the output end of the phase-modulator, and
Tie point uses 45 ° of direction spin weldings；The laser pick-off unit includes sequentially connected photodetector, lock-in amplifier
And signal processor, wherein photodetector are connected with the output end of the polarization-maintaining annular chamber, signal generator swashs with described
Light device is connected；The reference waveform unit includes signal generator, signal generator and the phase-modulator and the lock
Phase amplifier is connected.
As a preferred embodiment, the laser is connected by isolator with the phase-modulator.
As a preferred embodiment, the polarization-maintaining annular chamber has first input port, the second input port, the first output
Port and second output terminal mouth, wherein the second input port and second output terminal mouth pass through 0 ° of welding reflection cyclization.
As a preferred embodiment, the output end of the phase-modulator is connected with the first input port.
As a preferred embodiment, the signal generator output sine wave or square wave.
As a preferred embodiment, the laser is set as the high coherent laser of narrow linewidth.
A kind of inducing method of the vibration of optical sensor based on birefringence resonance effect, includes the following steps：
S1, the laser export a laser and are transferred to the phase-modulator, while the signal generator sends out tune
Waveform processed and demodulation waveforms are simultaneously transferred to phase-modulator；
S2, the phase-modulator are modulated according to the phase of a laser of modulation waveform pair, modulated laser export to
The polarization-maintaining annular chamber；
S3, a laser play two ESOPs resonance with polarization eigen state in the polarization-maintaining annular chamber underexcitation；
S4, external vibration act on the difference on the polarization-maintaining annular chamber between the resonance point of two ESOPs resonance and generate shadow
It rings, obtains secondary laser；
Secondary laser is transferred to the photodetector and the lock-in amplifier by S5, the polarization-maintaining annular chamber successively, simultaneously
Demodulation waveforms are transferred to lock-in amplifier by the signal generator；
Secondary laser is demodulated to obtain electric signal and be amplified by lock-in amplifier, electric signal by S6, the photodetector
Include the slope characteristics of two ESOPs resonance；
Amplified electric signal transmission is given the signal processor, signal processor to export two by S7, the lock-in amplifier
Difference between ESOPs resonance, you can vibration information is obtained according to difference.
As a preferred embodiment, in the S7, the signal processor obtains the difference between two ESOPs resonance
Method is：
Laser described in S7.1, signal processor output sawtooch sweep；
S7.2, the signal processor just obtain the slope characteristics of two ESOPs resonance from the lock-in amplifier；
S7.3, the signal processor calculate the difference between two ESOPs resonance according to the slope characteristics of two resonance.
As a preferred embodiment, in S7, the computational methods of vibration information areWherein, Δ A is vibration letter
Breath, k0It is the wave number under vacuum, l is the length of transmission waveguide,It is the Oscillating Coefficients of birefringence difference, φ is the phase of resonance point
Difference.
Advantageous effect：The present invention is two-fold to amplify and detect using the light resonance effect that multi-turn is transmitted in polarization-maintaining annular chamber
Vibration is penetrated, to greatly improve the sensitivity to vibration.Two orthogonal polarization modes transmit in same waveguide, many
Noise is because reciprocity (common mode) is eliminated, to realize the vibration detecting of high sensitivity.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of polarization-maintaining annular chamber of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the resonance demodulation curve of two ESOPs in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the resonance characteristic of two ESOPs and intracavitary transmits the relation schematic diagram that birefringence in one week differs, and birefringence difference is
0；
Fig. 5 is the resonance characteristic of two ESOPs and intracavitary transmits the relation schematic diagram that birefringence in one week differs, and birefringence difference is
0.5π；
Fig. 6 is the resonance characteristic of two ESOPs and intracavitary transmits the relation schematic diagram that birefringence in one week differs, and birefringence difference is
π；
Fig. 7 is the resonance characteristic of two ESOPs and intracavitary transmits the relation schematic diagram that birefringence in one week differs, and birefringence difference is
1.5π；
Fig. 8 is that the difference between two resonance points transmits the relation schematic diagram that birefringence in one week differs, birefringence difference with intracavitary
Range be 0~2 π；
Fig. 9 is that the difference between two resonance points transmits the relation schematic diagram that birefringence in one week differs, birefringence difference with intracavitary
Range be 0~0.07 π.
Reference numeral：1, first input port, the 2, second input port, the 3, first output port, 4, second output terminal mouth,
5, coupler.
Specific implementation mode
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Please refer to Fig.1 to 9, Fig. 1 be the present invention overall structure diagram, Fig. 2 is the structure of polarization-maintaining annular chamber of the present invention
Schematic diagram, Fig. 3 are the resonance demodulation curves of two ESOPs in the present invention, and Fig. 4 is that the resonance characteristic of two ESOPs and intracavitary pass
The relation schematic diagram of the defeated difference of birefringence in one week, birefringence difference are that 0, Fig. 5 is that the resonance characteristic of two ESOPs and intracavitary are transmitted
The relation schematic diagram of the difference of birefringence in one week, birefringence difference are 0.5 π, and Fig. 6 is that the resonance characteristic of two ESOPs and intracavitary pass
The relation schematic diagram of the defeated difference of birefringence in one week, birefringence difference are π, and Fig. 7 is that the resonance characteristic of two ESOPs and intracavitary are transmitted
The relation schematic diagram of the difference of birefringence in one week, birefringence difference are 1.5 π, and Fig. 8 is that the difference between two resonance points is passed with intracavitary
The relation schematic diagram of the defeated difference of birefringence in one week, the range of birefringence difference is 0~2 π, and Fig. 9 is the phase between two resonance points
Difference transmits the relation schematic diagram that birefringence in one week differs with intracavitary, and the range of birefringence difference is 0~0.07 π.
A kind of vibration of optical sensor based on birefringence resonance effect, including sequentially connected laser emission element, shake
Innervation answers amplifying unit, laser pick-off unit and reference waveform unit.
The sequentially connected laser of laser emission element, isolator and phase-modulator, laser are set as narrow linewidth
High coherent laser can be specifically YAG laser, gas laser, semiconductor laser or optical fiber laser, laser
It is connected with phase-modulator by isolator.
Vibration induction amplifying unit includes polarization-maintaining annular chamber, and polarization-maintaining annular chamber has first input port 1, the second input terminal
The 2, first output port 3 of mouth and second output terminal mouth 4, wherein the second input port 2 and second output terminal mouth 4 are anti-by 0 ° of welding
Penetrate cyclization.The first input port 1 of polarization-maintaining annular chamber is connected by polarization maintaining optical fibre with the output end of phase-modulator, and even
Contact uses 45 ° of direction spin weldings.
Laser pick-off unit includes sequentially connected photodetector, photodetector and signal processor, wherein photoelectricity
Detector is connected with the output end of polarization-maintaining annular chamber, and signal generator is connected with laser.
Reference waveform unit includes signal generator, and signal generator is connected with phase-modulator and photodetector,
The reference waveform of signal generator output is sine wave or square wave.
All devices can integration realization on the semiconductor, discrete component combination can also be passed through and realized.
Based on above-mentioned vibration of optical sensor, the present invention also provides a kind of, and the vibration of optical based on birefringence resonance effect passes
The inducing method of sensor, including S1~S7.
S1, laser export a laser simultaneously be transferred to phase-modulator, synchronous signal generator send out modulation waveform and
Demodulation waveforms are simultaneously transferred to phase-modulator.
S2, phase-modulator are modulated according to the phase of a laser of modulation waveform pair, modulated laser export to
Polarization-maintaining annular chamber.
S3, a laser play two resonance with polarization eigen state in polarization-maintaining annular chamber underexcitation.
S4, external vibration act on the difference on polarization-maintaining annular chamber between the resonance point of two ESOPs resonance and generate shadow
It rings, obtains secondary laser.
Secondary laser is transferred to photodetector and lock-in amplifier by S5, polarization-maintaining annular chamber successively, and synchronous signal occurs
Demodulation waveforms are transferred to lock-in amplifier by device.
Secondary laser is demodulated to obtain electric signal and be amplified by lock-in amplifier, electric signal by S6, photodetector
Include the slope characteristics of two ESOPs resonance.
By amplified electric signal transmission to signal processor, signal processor exports two ESOPs for S7, lock-in amplifier
Between difference, you can according to difference obtain vibration information.The computational methods of vibration information areWherein, Δ A
It is vibration information, k0It is the wave number under vacuum, l is the length of transmission waveguide,It is the Oscillating Coefficients of birefringence difference, φ is humorous
The difference shaken a little.
The method that specific signal processor obtains differing between the resonance point of two ESOPs resonance include S7.1~
S7.3。
S7.1, signal processor export sawtooch sweep laser.
S7.2, signal processor just obtain the slope characteristics of two ESOPs from lock-in amplifier.
S7.3, signal processor calculate the difference between two ESOPs according to the slope characteristics of two resonance.
Working principle of the present invention is as follows.
First, a laser is input to from first input port 1 in polarization-maintaining annular chamber, then by after coupler 5 from
Two output ports 4 enter in polarization-maintaining annular chamber, and the matrix transmitted one week in polarization-maintaining annular chamber is：
Wherein, α is the loss that light transmits one week in intracavitary, it includes mainly the transmission loss and coupler of optical waveguide
Insertion loss；K is the coefficient of coup；β and Δ β is that the propagation constant that average propagation constant and birefringence introduce is poor respectively；θt
Equivalent theta alignment error is indicated, for describing the polarization interference at the straight-through end of coupler；L is the length of wave guide ring shaped resonant cavity
Degree.
Characteristic value λmWith eigenvector vmIt is 2 key parameters of matrix S, they meet
Svm=λmvm(m=1,2)； (2)
Wherein, eigenvector vmIllustrate such polarization state：Light is passed since the second output terminal mouth 4 of coupler 5 in intracavitary
Defeated polarization state is restored to the state set out after a week, and here it is the polarization eigen state ESOPs that we often say；And characteristic value λmTable
The transmission coefficient that ESOPs resonance transmits one week in intracavitary, characteristic value λ are shownmIt is a plural number, and non-matrix, thus significantly
Reduce the difficulty of polarization analysis.
Characteristic value λ can be obtained by formula (1) and formula (2)mComputational methods：
Wherein, ξ meets：
In general, the polarization extinction of waveguide coupler is higher, i.e. θtIt is smaller, therefore work as Δ βl＜ θtWhen, above formula (4)
It can be reduced to：
Assuming that the light field of a laser is E1, is injected from the first input port 1 of coupler 5, be then coupled to second
The light field of output port 4, outgoing is E4, is projected to respectively on two ESOPs：
Wherein, a, b are the amplitude of polarization eigen state v1 and v2 respectively；V is the combinatorial matrix of ESOPs, V=(ν 1, ν 2)；CkIt is coupling
Close matrix：
Wherein, θkFor describing the equivalent angles alignment error that coupler intersects end.
Incident light is transmitted in intracavitary multi-turn, and the cumulative light field of 2 ESOPs is respectively：
By formula (8) and formula (3) it is found that intracavitary will encourage two resonance states, and the difference of resonance point is：
The ξ of φ=2.(9)
By formula (5) it is found that working as Δ βl＞ ＞ θtWhen,
φ=Δ β l.(10)
By formula (10) it is found that the birefringence that the difference of two resonance points, which is exactly polarization-maintaining annular chamber, to be transmitted one week differs.
When vibrating variation, the birefringence dither effect of polarization-maintaining optical waveguide is as follows：
Wherein, Δ A is vibration information, k0It is the wave number under vacuum, l is the length of transmission waveguide,It is shaking for birefringence difference
Dynamic coefficient.Therefore, by detecting the difference (birefringence difference) of two resonance points, vibration can be detected：
According to above-mentioned theory analysis, emulation obtains resonance characteristic and transmits the relationship such as figure that birefringence in one week differs with intracavitary
Shown in 4 to 7.In order to encourage the resonance of 2 ESOPs, linearly polarized light to be incident on polarization-maintaining with slow axis direction at 45 ° simultaneously in intracavitary
Annular chamber.When the birefringence difference that intracavitary is transmitted one week is zero, the resonance of two ESOPs is in close proximity, with the increasing of difference
Greatly, the distance between two resonance points also increase therewith.
The relationship that difference between two resonance points is differed with intracavitary transmission birefringence in one week is as shown in FIG. 8 and 9.When two-fold
Penetrate difference it is larger (>0.1 π rad) when, the approximately linear relationship of the two, this region can be used to measure the variation of vibration；But when double
Refraction difference it is smaller when, the two is not linear, the difference between two resonance points with the reduction that birefringence differs and
It is intended to 2 θt, this region is unable to measure the variation of vibration.
The present invention is amplified using the light resonance effect that multi-turn is transmitted in the polarization-maintaining annular chamber of annular and detects birefringence
Vibration to greatly improve the sensitivity of vibration, and is realized continuous vibration field measurement on an optical fiber, is measured empty
Between range it is big.Two orthogonal polarization modes transmit in same waveguide, and many noises are because reciprocity (common mode) is eliminated, to real
The vibration detecting of existing high sensitivity.
It should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used merely to one
Entity or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation
There are any actual relationship or orders.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to contain
Lid non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements is not only wanted including those
Element, but also include other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or equipment
Intrinsic element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that
There is also other identical elements in process, method, article or equipment including the element.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest range caused.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of vibration of optical sensor based on birefringence resonance effect, it is characterised in that：It is sent out including sequentially connected laser
Penetrate unit, vibration induction amplifying unit, laser pick-off unit and reference waveform unit；
The laser emission element includes the laser and phase-modulator being connected with each other；
The vibration induction amplifying unit includes polarization-maintaining annular chamber, and the input terminal of polarization-maintaining annular chamber passes through polarization maintaining optical fibre and the phase
The output end of position modulator is connected, and tie point uses 45 ° of direction spin weldings；
The laser pick-off unit includes sequentially connected photodetector, lock-in amplifier and signal processor, wherein photoelectricity
Detector is connected with the output end of the polarization-maintaining annular chamber, and signal generator is connected with the laser；
The reference waveform unit includes signal generator, signal generator and the phase-modulator and the lock-in amplifier
It is connected.
2. a kind of vibration of optical sensor based on birefringence resonance effect as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Laser is connected by isolator with the phase-modulator.
3. a kind of vibration of optical sensor based on birefringence resonance effect as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Polarization-maintaining annular chamber has first input port (1), the second input port (2), the first output port (3) and second output terminal mouth
(4), wherein the second input port (2) and second output terminal mouth (4) pass through 0 ° of welding reflection cyclization.
4. a kind of vibration of optical sensor based on birefringence resonance effect as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：It is described
The output end of phase-modulator is connected with the first input port (1).
5. a kind of vibration of optical sensor based on birefringence resonance effect as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Signal generator exports sine wave or square wave.
6. a kind of vibration of optical sensor based on birefringence resonance effect as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Laser is set as the high coherent laser of narrow linewidth.
7. a kind of inducing method of the vibration of optical sensor based on birefringence resonance effect as described in claim 1, special
Sign is：Include the following steps：
S1, the laser export a laser and are transferred to the phase-modulator, while the signal generator sends out tune
Waveform processed and demodulation waveforms are simultaneously transferred to phase-modulator；
S2, the phase-modulator are modulated according to the phase of a laser of modulation waveform pair, modulated laser export to
The polarization-maintaining annular chamber；
S3, a laser play two ESOPs resonance with polarization eigen state in the polarization-maintaining annular chamber underexcitation；
S4, external vibration act on the difference on the polarization-maintaining annular chamber between the resonance point of two ESOPs resonance and generate shadow
It rings, obtains secondary laser；
Secondary laser is transferred to the photodetector and the lock-in amplifier by S5, the polarization-maintaining annular chamber successively, simultaneously
Demodulation waveforms are transferred to lock-in amplifier by the signal generator；
Secondary laser is demodulated to obtain electric signal and be amplified by lock-in amplifier, electric signal by S6, the photodetector
Include the slope characteristics of two ESOPs resonance；
Amplified electric signal transmission is given the signal processor, signal processor to export two by S7, the lock-in amplifier
Difference between ESOPs resonance, you can vibration information is obtained according to difference.
8. inducing method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：In the S7, the signal processor obtains two
The method of difference between ESOPs resonance is：
Laser described in S7.1, signal processor output sawtooch sweep；
S7.2, the signal processor just obtain the slope characteristics of two ESOPs resonance from the lock-in amplifier；
S7.3, the signal processor calculate the difference between two ESOPs resonance according to the slope characteristics of two resonance.
9. inducing method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：In S7, the computational methods of vibration information areWherein, Δ A is vibration information, k0It is the wave number under vacuum, l is the length of transmission waveguide,It is birefringence
The Oscillating Coefficients of difference, φ are the difference of resonance point.
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